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Journal articles on the topic 'Special needs offenders'
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1
Keeling, Jenny A., John L. Rose, and Anthony R. Beech. "Comparing sexual offender treatment efficacy: Mainstream sexual offenders and sexual offenders with special needs." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 32, no. 2 (June 2007): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668250701402767.
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LEONG, GREGORY B. "Treating Adult and Juvenile Offenders With Special Needs." American Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 3 (March 2002): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.508.
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Dr. Janardan Kumar Tiwari. "Victim Compensation– Judicial Response with Special Reference to Gwalior District." Legal Research Development an International Refereed e-Journal 6, no. II (December 30, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v6n2.05.
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Every crime has at least three components that are Criminal or Offender, Crime, and Victim of Crime. Our criminal justice system is primarily focused on the offender as compared to the victim. The criminal proceedings are entirely at the initiation of the state. They do not depend upon the sweet will of the victim. Attention should be given to their sufferings and needs to enable them to live in a society with honor, dignity, and respect. It is the responsibility of the state to prosecute offenders and provide retribution for offenses to the victims of crime. The study attempts to examine the trend of compensation to victims that are being awarded to victims of a crime under Section 357 and Section 357-A of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973.
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Keith, Jill Marie, and Audrey Davis Mccray. "Juvenile offenders with special needs: Critical issues and bleak outcomes." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 15, no. 6 (November 2002): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951839022000014385.
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Corrado, Raymond R., Irwin M. Cohen, William Glackman, and Candice Odgers. "Serious and Violent Young Offenders’ Decisions to Recidivate: An Assessment of Five Sentencing Models." Crime & Delinquency 49, no. 2 (April 2003): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702251043.
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Five models of sentencing were assessed with respect to their impact on the decisions of young offenders to recidivate. The five sentencing models tested were fairness, deterrence, chronic offender lifestyle, special needs, and procedural rights. A sample of 400 incarcerated young offenders from the Vancouver, British Columbia, metropolitan area were asked questions regarding their attitudes toward these sentencing models and their intentions to recidivate after serving a period of incarceration. Principal components analyses suggested that although these models do not function independently, two composite models do shed some light on the issues that young offenders consider when contemplating their decisions and intentions to recidivate. Despite the ability of these models to predict half of the explained variance in young offenders’ decisions regarding recidivism, a majority of the sample appeared to not be affected exclusively by cost-benefit analysis, punishment, or reintegrative motivations. The authors conclude that without additional variables and even higher predictive validity, it is premature for policy makers to focus on any single model of sentencing in constructing juvenile justice laws.
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Brookbanks, Warren. "Protecting the Interests of Vulnerable Defendants in the Criminal Justice System: The New Zealand Experience." Journal of Criminal Law 83, no. 1 (February 2019): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018318814360.
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Approaches to the management of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) vary across jurisdictions. However, the inconsistent development and implementation of official policy has often resulted in a significant over-representation of persons with developmental difficulties in criminal justice systems worldwide. This reality led the New Zealand government in 2003 to introduce dedicated legislation recognising the special needs of offenders with an ID. The article examines the New Zealand legislative response to the challenges presented by this cohort of offenders, in the light of emerging international data of the incidence of, and official responses to, offenders with special needs. In New Zealand, the emerging problem of how to manage intellectually disabled offenders who commit serious crimes, and the legislative response to it, was driven by changes in mental health legislation in the early 1990s that had effectively disenfranchised persons with ID with challenging behaviours from regimes of supervisory care and treatment. The Intellectual Disability (Compulsory Care and Rehabilitation) Act 2003 has provided for a separate regime of compulsory care and rehabilitation that may be accessed either directly as a criminal justice disposition, following a finding of unfitness to plead or legal insanity, or as a result of transfer from the mental health or penal systems. The compulsory care regime has proven effective in addressing the needs of intellectually disabled offenders, increasing numbers of whom are young people, who would have great difficulty coping in a prison environment. The New Zealand experience contrasts with experience in other jurisdictions where offenders with an ID are often over-represented in prison statistics and subject to victimisation and abuse. The article suggests that change is clearly required as a matter of urgency to ensure that offenders with an ID are able to benefit from the positive rights guaranteed under the UN Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and other rights instruments.
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Fortune, Clare-Ann, and Ian Lambie. "Demographic and abuse characteristics in adolescent male sexual offenders with “special needs”." Journal of Sexual Aggression 10, no. 1 (March 2004): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552600410001667760.
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Patenaude, Allan L., Darryl S. Wood, and Curt T. Griffiths. "Indigenous Peoples in the Canadian Correctional System: Critical Issues and the Prospects for ‘Localized’ Corrections." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 8, no. 2 (May 1992): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629200800205.
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Research Findings have revealed that Canada's indigenous peoples are incarcerated in federal and provincial/territorial correctional facilities in numbers far in excess of their representation in the general population. Only recently, however, has attention been given to the development of policies and programmes to address the special needs of incarcerated indigenous offenders during confinement and upon release. Concurrent with this has been an increasing involvement by indigenous communities, bands and organizations to develop alternative correctional strategies which are community-based and designed to better address the needs of offenders, victims and communities.
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Maclin, Tracey. "Is Obtaining an Arrestee's DNA a Valid Special Needs Search Under the Fourth Amendment? What Should (and Will) the Supreme Court Do?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 1 (2005): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00214.x.
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In the past twenty years, advances in forensic DNA technology have revolutionized the American criminal justice system. The use of forensic DNA testing in America began in 1987, and its demonstrated scientific accuracy quickly led jurisdictions to accept expert testimony regarding DNA matches between suspects and crime scene evidence. Wielding the power to exonerate the innocent and apprehend the guilty, the use of DNA identification technology has become an indispensable resource for prosecutors and law enforcement officials, as well as for defense lawyers representing persons falsely accused or wrongfully convicted of crimes they did not commit. As states began to compile DNA profiles from convicted offenders, the need for a repository for these profiles resulted in the DNA database.Originally, DNA databases included only “those classes of offenders with a high recidivism rate, such as sex offenders and violent felons.” Recognizing the crime-solving potential of this technology, state legislatures soon began to expand the scope of DNA database statutes to include broader classes of offenders.
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Maclin, Tracey. "Is Obtaining an Arrestee's DNA a Valid Special Needs Search under the Fourth Amendment? What Should (and Will) the Supreme Court Do?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 2 (2006): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00025.x.
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In the past twenty years, advances in forensic DNA technology have revolutionized the American criminal justice system. The use of forensic DNA testing in America began in 1987, and its demonstrated scientific accuracy quickly led jurisdictions to accept expert testimony regarding DNA matches between suspects and crime scene evidence. Wielding the power to exonerate the innocent and apprehend the guilty, the use of DNA identification technology has become an indispensable resource for prosecutors and law enforcement officials, as well as for defense lawyers representing persons falsely accused or wrongfully convicted of crimes they did not commit. As states began to compile DNA profiles from convicted offenders, the need for a repository for these profiles resulted in the DNA database.Originally, DNA databases included only “those classes of offenders with a high recidivism rate, such as sex offenders and violent felons.” Recognizing the crime-solving potential of this technology, state legislatures soon began to expand the scope of DNA database statutes to include broader classes of offenders.
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Keeling, Jenny A., and John L. Rose. "The adaptation of a cognitive-behavioural treatment programme for special needs sexual offenders." British Journal of Learning Disabilities 34, no. 2 (June 2006): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2005.00377.x.
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Elmer, Eddy, and Heather Campbell Pope. "Meeting the Physical and Mental Health Needs of Older Offenders: Does Aging in Place Work in Prison?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.064.
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Abstract In many countries, the proportion of older people in prison is growing due to longer sentences, increases in convictions for historical offences, and longevity. Moreover, harsh conditions of confinement coupled with the negative effects of a criminal lifestyle may contribute to 'accelerated aging' in this population. Indeed, many prisoners develop health problems that are more commonly seen among people who are up to ten years older. Correctional institutions are increasingly struggling to meet the complex and expensive healthcare needs of these offenders, especially at end-of-life. Some institutions have taken the position that prisons were never intended to be nursing homes, nor can they be adequately adapted to fulfill this role. As a result, these institutions attempt to place some aging offenders in healthcare institutions within the community, provided that their risk to the public can be adequately managed. Other institutions have argued that the needs of aging offenders can be successfully met behind prison walls and have taken steps to allow prisoners to 'age in place.' After summarizing the research on the physical and mental health needs of aging offenders, this presentation considers the advantages and disadvantages of meeting older offenders' healthcare needs both within and outside the prison setting and provides relevant examples of both. Special attention is paid to the issues of social isolation and loneliness: both may contribute to accelerated aging, and perhaps even the risk for re-offending, raising questions about which correctional settings are most beneficial for minimizing these problems.
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Atatah, Park E., Catherine W. Kisavi-Atatah, and Angela Branch-Vital. "Classification: The Analyses of the Psychometric Performances’ Effects on the Special Needs Offenders Program." Open Journal of Social Sciences 04, no. 05 (2016): 198–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.45024.
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Keeling, Jenny A., John L. Rose, and Anthony R. Beech. "A preliminary evaluation of the adaptation of four assessments for offenders with special needs." Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability 32, no. 2 (June 2007): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668250701378538.
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Puri, B. K., M. T. Lambert, and C. C. Cordess. "Characteristics of Young Offenders Detained under Section 53(2) at a Young Offenders' Institution." Medicine, Science and the Law 36, no. 1 (January 1996): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600113.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the medical and psychiatric characteristics and needs of detainees held under s.53(2) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933. A case-note study of all subjects detained under s.53(2) at a young offenders' institution was carried out and their psychologists and medical officer interviewed. The subjects had a high risk of having experienced family disruption, of psychoactive substance abuse, and poor educational progress, and they were more likely than the general population to be Afro-Caribbean or of mixed race. They were psychologically vulnerable and could become suicidal when exposed to risk factors such as bullying and not being visited often by friends and relatives. However, there was a lack of information available about the subjects in many important areas including assessment of needs for special education, of truancy, expulsions, child guidance clinic attendance, and placement on child protection registers. It was not clear whether these young people had been significantly in contact with services as children or whether they had slipped through the net. In conclusion, the most important finding was a worrying lack of information about this group. From the information available they were clearly atypical. More research is needed; more adequate information, for example with respect to physical and sexual abuse, child rearing, education, peer relationships, and contact with specialist health and social services, would assist in the development of services for the treatment of these serious young offenders and for prevention.
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Blacker, Janine, Anthony R. Beech, Daniel T. Wilcox, and Douglas P. Boer. "The assessment of dynamic risk and recidivism in a sample of special needs sexual offenders." Psychology, Crime & Law 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10683160903392376.
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Tabe, Simon. "A Critical Appraisal of the Juvenile Justice System under Cameroon's 2005 Criminal Procedure Code: Emerging Challenges." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i1a2460.
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The objective of this article is to examine the changes introduced by the 2005 Cameroonian Criminal Procedure Code on matters of juvenile justice, considering that before this Code, juvenile justice in Cameroon was governed by extra-national laws. In undertaking this analysis, the article highlights the evolution of the administration of juvenile justice 50 years after independence of Cameroon. It also points out the various difficulties and shortcomings in the treatment of juvenile offenders in Cameroon since the enactment of the new Criminal Procedure Code. The article reveals that the 2005 Code is an amalgamation of all hitherto existing laws in the country that pertained to juvenile justice, and that despite the considerable amount of criticism it has received, the Code is clearly an improvement of the system of juvenile justice in Cameroon, since it represents a balance of the due process rights of young people, the protection of society and the special needs of young offenders. This is so because the drafters of the Code took a broad view of the old laws on juvenile justice. Also a wide range of groups were consulted, including criminal justice professionals, children’s service organisations, victims, parents, young offenders, educators, advocacy groups and social-policy analysts. However, to address the challenges that beset the juvenile justice system of Cameroon, the strategy of the government should be focussed on three areas: the prevention of youth crime, the provision of meaningful consequences for the actions of young people, and the rehabilitation and reintegration of young offenders. Cameroonian law should seek educative solutions rather than to impose prison sentences or other repressive measures on young offenders. Special courts to deal with young offenders should be established outside the regular penal system and should be provided with resources that are adequate for and appropriate to fostering their understanding of juvenile crime.
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Moutsopoulou, Christina Antonia, and Afroditi Mallouchou. "Mitigation of Juvenile Delinquency Risk Through a Person-Centered Approach." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 7, no. 3 (July 2018): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2018070104.
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This article contends that juvenile delinquency may be viewed from a developmental perspective and as such be connected to its penal treatment, of which the purpose is mainly educational. The emergence of antisocial and/or delinquent behavior of minors is characterized as a form of rebellion and resistance to power. The mitigation of juvenile delinquency risk can be achieved through a humanitarian approach. Minor offenders need to be approached in a special manner and treated in a way tailored to suit their needs according to age. The present article outlines the profile of the minor offender and his/her family background, as well as the institutional role of Juvenile Probation Officers as practitioners in the Greek penal system. Counseling of minors and parents and advocacy to minors are described as two distinct inter-related practices that help children reintegrate into society and achieve their social education.
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Livanou, M., V. Furtado, and S. Singh. "Prevalence and Nature of Mental Disorders Among Young Offenders in Custody and Community: A Meta-Analysis." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1675.
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IntroductionPrevalence studies show that nearly 80% of young offenders present psychiatric comorbidity. Juvenile offenders are at 3 times higher risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Recent systematic reviews have mainly focused on youth in detention neglecting youth in the community. Females and ethnic minorities have been overlooked in the literature in spite of the increasing rates of psychiatric disorders striking these groups.ObjectiveTo perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of various mental disorders including depression, psychosis, PTSD, conduct disorder, ADHD, learning disabilities and personality disorders among young offenders. Self-harm and suicidal behaviour are examined too.AimsTo compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among young offenders across custody and community and to emphasise on gender, age, and ethnic variations.MethodsRelevant studies have been identified with computer-assisted searching and scanning of reference lists. Prevalence of mental disorders based on gender, age and ethnicity along with potential moderating factors are extracted from the included studies. Meta-regression is performed to test covariates that might have contributed to differences in prevalence rates across studies.ResultsAfter searching the relevant literature, 99 studies were determined to be eligible for data extraction.ConclusionsYoung offenders with ongoing mental health problems comprise a vulnerable group within forensic psychiatric services that needs special attention. More prevalence studies should be conducted to improve mental health provision. Ethnic, gender, and age variations across young offenders should be addressed and turn interventions into a tailored process that responds to the young person's particular treatment needs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Keeling, Jenny A., John L. Rose, and Anthony R. Beech. "An investigation into the effectiveness of a custody-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for special needs sexual offenders." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 17, no. 3 (September 2006): 372–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789940600658293.
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Jeong, Seokjin, Byung Hyun Lee, and Julie H. Martin. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Special Needs Diversionary Program in Reducing Reoffending Among Mentally Ill Youthful Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 58, no. 9 (July 9, 2013): 1058–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x13492403.
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Leschied, Alan W., Gary W. Austin, and Peter G. Jaffe. "Impact of the Young Offenders Act on recidivism rates of special needs youth: Clinical and policy implications." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 20, no. 3 (1988): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079932.
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Hay, Carter, Alex O. Widdowson, Meg Bates, Michael T. Baglivio, Katherine Jackowski, and Mark A. Greenwald. "Predicting Recidivism Among Released Juvenile Offenders in Florida." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 16, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016660161.
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Each year in the United States, as many as 100,000 juvenile offenders are released after completing a residential placement. A significant task for researchers is to identify the factors that explain variations in recidivism. This study considers this by evaluating the predictive validity of the Residential Positive Achievement Change Tool (R-PACT), a fourth-generation risk assessment instrument adopted by Florida for use in all of its juvenile residential facilities. The R-PACT includes a wide variety of static and dynamic risk and needs scales that are used here to predict reoffending among 4,700 released juvenile offenders in Florida. We devote special attention to (1) whether R-PACT scales typically predict reoffending and (2) whether the R-PACT’s predictive validity varies across different subgroups of offenders. In considering these questions, we also consider whether the predictive risk and protective factors in prior research are predictive in the R-PACT as well. The analysis revealed relatively strong support for the R-PACT, but there were nuanced exceptions to that pattern. We discuss the implications these findings have for assessing risk, monitoring progress among residential youth, and predicting reoffending.
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Kovacevic, Milica. "Women in the penal system according to the Bangkok rules." Temida 15, no. 4 (2012): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1204073k.
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In the introduction of the paper the author refers to the position of women in the criminal justice system, which implies that special rules should be applied with respect to the specific needs of girls and women. In the central part of the paper, the author analyzes the Bangkok Rules (UN Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders), that were adopted in 2010. This is the first international document that identifies, in a comprehensive and systematic manner, specific factors of female crime and special needs of women and mothers, which implies that it has a pivotal role in the system composed of other United Nations documents. Finally, the author concludes that the real improvement of the position of women in the penal system will take a lot more effort and resources and that the adoption of the rules is not sufficient.
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Twells, Jenny. "Identifying barriers to and facilitators for educational inclusion for young people who offend." Educational and Child Psychology 37, no. 1 (March 2020): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2020.37.1.84.
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Aim:The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons for educational underperformance amongst youth offenders and explore how to increase their successful participation and reintegration back into education. It also aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to inclusion and diversity at various systemic levels, such as society and education for this vulnerable group of young people.Method/Rationale:Educational outcomes for youth offenders are frequently poor at a time when qualifications and good literacy and numeracy skills are increasingly important for employment. This study retrieved the Youth Offending Service (YOS) data on the educational needs, uptake and provision of 283 youth offenders within one Local Authority (LA) and, through interviews with adult providers and young people, explored the barriers and facilitators for youth offenders’ engagement in education.Findings:The majority of those of school age (N=124) were educated at a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU), while the majority of those above school age (N=159) had no provision recorded. Of those of school age, 19 per cent had a Statement of Special Educational Needs recorded (now an Education and Health Care Plan, or EHCP), 33 per cent had no EHCP, and for 48 per cent this information was missing. Interviews with providers and young people identified a common thread relating to the importance of strong and stable relationships. Poor communication at all levels of the system was frequently cited as a problem, but where supportive networks existed, these facilitated positive educational outcomes.Limitations:The quantitative data describes a picture of high need but there is also a lack of available information in particular areas (such as where and if young people are in education).Conclusions:This study reinforces the idea that services can improve when there is a good and coherent professional system with effective working relationships, as these are key to supporting this vulnerable group of young people. The Educational Psychologist (EP) is well placed to provide a supportive role at all levels of the system, and to improve educational outcomes and inclusion for youth offenders.
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Cruise, Keith R., Lisa J. Evans, and Isaiah B. Pickens. "Integrating mental health and special education needs into comprehensive service planning for juvenile offenders in long-term custody settings." Learning and Individual Differences 21, no. 1 (February 2011): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.11.004.
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Kulikov, Oleksii. "BEST PRACTICES IN THE PREVENTION OF RECIDIVISM – CURRENT STATE AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Journal of International Legal Communication 3 (December 23, 2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2021.3.pp.92-101.
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The article is highlighting best practices in the prevention of recidivism and international standards in this area. Current international standards for the treatment of convicts include, inter alia, provisions relating to interference with prison activities, including education, training and other programs, as well as the need to ensure contact with the outside world; early release of convicts; providing assistance and support to convicts after release; community involvement in the reintegration process; and standards that encourage the use of NGO programs as an alternative to imprisonment. International standards provide for the formation of strategies for the reintegration of offenders, which should include, inter alia: analysis of the problems that the offender will face after release from prison and ways to solve them; mobilization of available resources and cooperation of various bodies to solve the problems of persons released from prisons; special attention is paid to the needs of women released from prisons, criminals living in rural areas or belonging to national minorities, etc. The issues related to the practical implementation of probation legislation in Ukraine are analysed and it is concluded that there is no existing regulation. The author emphasizes that at this stage it is impossible to talk about a comprehensive approach of the state to the prevention of recidivism due to the existence of effective national programs to prevent it, which are reflected in relevant programs and, in turn, in individual plans to combat new crimes for specific criminal offenders. Also, the probation programs currently available in Ukraine are essentially training courses that contribute to the acquisition of a specific skill, but are not sufficient for comprehensive changes in the life of a person at high risk of recidivism. Without diminishing the role of controlling the behaviour of a person who has already committed a criminal offense, more attention should be paid to feedback from criminal offenders and helping them to resolve issues related to employment, housing and social networking. Thus, there is a need to implement scientifically and normatively approved national programs developed in accordance with foreign experience and international standards by the best scientists with the active participation of the public.
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Robertson, G., A. Grounds, S. Dell, and K. James. "A Follow-up of Remanded Mentally III Offenders Given Court Hospital Orders." Medicine, Science and the Law 34, no. 1 (January 1994): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249403400109.
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A follow up study of 101 men who were remanded to Brixton prison and who were given hospital orders by courts is reported. In 93% of cases the hospitals who responded to our enquiries reported that the admission had been appropriate. Only 5 (11%) of the 46 men who had been discharged from hospital had absconded or discharged themselves without medical approval. The process of referral and admission to hospital resulted in these men having to spend, on average, between two and three times longer in custody when compared to men charged with similar offences. It is generally recognized that the acutely ill should not be imprisoned, and encouragement has been given to the diversion of such people from the Criminal Justice System. However, London presents particular problems in this respect and it is argued that, since such problems will always be present, there is a need for special psychiatric facilities to be opened in order to serve the needs of the Capital.
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Grounds, Adrian T., Marie T. Quayle, Jennifer France, Timothy Brett, Murray Cox, and John R. Hamilton. "A Unit for ‘Psychopathic Disorder’ Patients in Broadmoor Hospital." Medicine, Science and the Law 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248702700105.
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Although the number of ‘psychopathic disorder’ patients admitted to special hospitals has declined over the last decade, a small number of such offenders continues to be admitted from the courts under hospital orders. One ward in Broadmoor hospital which admits young male patients in this category is described. An approach which integrates psychodynamic, behavioural and cognitive principles, and which attempts to understand patients' personality difficulties and offences in terms of their emotional and cognitive development, is adopted as a useful framework for formulating treatment needs and objectives. Within the ward setting a variety of psychological treatments are offered. However, the social environment within the hospital limits opportunities for realistic assessment and rehabilitation.
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McCann, Ged, Mick McKeown, and Ian Porter. "Understanding the needs of relatives of patients within a special hospital for mentally disordered offenders: a basis for improved services." Journal of Advanced Nursing 23, no. 2 (February 1996): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02677.x.
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Mytska, O. I. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF SENTENCE ENFORCEMENT IN THE FORM OF IMPRISONMENT CONCERNING JUVENILES IN UKRAINE AND EUROPEAN MEMBER STATES." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2021, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2021.02.063.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of the state of research the scientific development of problems of a fine as a type of minors’ punishment. The author draws attention to the fact that the level of scientific research of a fine seems to be insufficient. It is pointed out that modern Ukraine needs to create and improve criminal law institutions that would be able to solve modern problems, one of which is to review the peculiarities of criminal responsibility and punishment of juvenile offenders. The topical issue is juvenile delinquency, which is a burden both for families, the competent authorities that control these issues, victims of this type of crime, and for society as a whole. At present, the criminal legislation introduced by the Criminal Code of 2001 has a special section, which, unfortunately, does not reflect today’s realities, and therefore is not able to prevent the growth of juvenile delinquency fully due to a number of problems. One of such problems is using of certain types of punishment, including fines. In the theory of criminal law, the issue of fine applied to minors is one that needs to be studied thoroughly. In most scientific papers of different scholars, the emphasis is on the system of punishment. At the same time the analysis of individual species is ignored. To date, the following issues remained unsolved: the establishment of the most adequate amount of a fine that can be applied to a juvenile offender will remain open; emphasis on the expediency of applying alternative fines to adolescents who have committed socially dangerous acts; formulation of an objective definition of a fine as a type of punishment for a minor; expediency of application of property types of punishments to teenagers; compliance of the domestic system of property penalties with international legal standards, etc. It is indicated that a fine is a minimally repressive measure of punishment against both adults and juvenile offenders that allows to differentiate the criminal law impact depending on the severity of the act committed. Key words: own income, minor, punishment, fine, criminal legislation, criminal responsibility, criminal offense, property punishment, forfeiture of pay, compensation for damages.
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Bode, Jola. "Juvenile Punishment System in View of the Need for Education and Reintegration." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v5i3.p21-29.
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Due to age and development stage, juveniles enjoy a special status in relation to adult persons. The status as a juvenile in the criminal field raises the request for treatment in accordance with the physical-psychic characteristics of the juvenile and his educational needs. The punishment system is an important component of the criminal justice system for juveniles. As such, it must respond to requests for a special treatment consistent with the personality of juveniles and individual education needs. This system should be oriented towards the goal of education and rehabilitation of the juvenile. In accordance with the international standards of juvenile justice and contemporary legislation, the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania (CC) has sanctioned a number of rules that allow for special treatment for juveniles in the area of the punishment system. Despite the positive aspects, the provisions of the Code were insufficient in view of the requirements of international standards and the need for education and reintegration. The legal reform which also included the criminal justice system for juveniles brought a number of changes in the area of juvenile punishment system too. With the entry into force of the Juvenile Criminal Code (JCC) it was possible to establish a special and autonomous system of penalties applicable to juvenile offenders. The implementation of this system serves a friendly juvenile justice aimed at avoiding the negative effects of imprisonment and tends towards social rehabilitation and reintegration. This study discusses the novelties brought by JCC in terms of the meaning, classification and determination of juvenile sentence system and it will be reflected in relation to the challenges of the effective implementation of the provisions relating to the punishment system. Conclusions will also be drawn regarding the compliance of this system with the request for special treatment of juvenile perpetrators and the need for integration and reintegration.
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Keeling, Jenny A., John L. Rose, and Anthony R. Beech. "A Comparison of the Application of the Self-Regulation Model of the Relapse Process for Mainstream and Special Needs Sexual Offenders." Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 18, no. 4 (October 2006): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107906320601800405.
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Putri, Teresa Amelya, and Adita Rizki Kurniawati. "Pandangan Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Anak Sebagai Pelaku Tindak Pidana: Tinjauan Viktimologi." AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584) 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i1.4073.
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Children as perpetrators of criminal acts are often the subject of debate and special attention in the criminal justice system, in victimology studying the causes of victims and the consequences caused, victimology also helps us better understand the experiences and needs of crime victims, which in turn can help in improving the criminal justice system and providing better support to those who have become victims of crime. This type of research is socioyuridical with a non-doctrinal approach, which views law as a socio-empirical symptom. not only examines the normative aspects, but also the law as it is in reality. The approach method used is a normative juridical approach. analytical juridical descriptive research, with data sources of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, as well as those supported by primary data, and analyzed qualitatively juridical social environment greatly affects the development and growth of children. mass media can also have a bad impact on children if not given supervision. Another factor that needs special attention in the problem of criminal acts committed by child offenders is family factors. The role of the family as a factor in the causation of children's criminal acts is undeniable. Children involved in criminal offenses experience psychological and social impacts depending on various factors, namely the type of crime, the social environment and the criminal justice system.
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Fioritti, A. "Is freedom (still) therapy? The 40th anniversary of the Italian mental health care reform." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 4 (January 16, 2018): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000671.
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On 13 May 1978, the Italian Parliament approved Law 180, universally known as ‘Basaglia Law’ after the name of the leader of the anti-institutional movement which promoted this radical community mental health care reform. Forty years later, Italian psychiatry still runs a community care system, albeit with degrees of solidity and quality very varied along the peninsula. Mental health care is still an integral part of the National Health System, with liberal regulations on coercion and a lowest number of general hospital and residential facilities beds. Recently, Italy has also closed the special forensic psychiatric institutions and brought the care of the mentally ill offenders within the responsibilities of local Mental Health Departments. Over time, psychiatric deinstitutionalisation inspired policies in other sectors of Italian society, such as those regarding physical and intellectual disabilities, education of children with special needs, drug addictions and management of deviant minors. Furthermore, debate about Law 180 has reached and maintained an international dimension, becoming a term of reference for international agencies such as the World Health Organization and the European Commission, for good and for evil. The overall balance sheet of the Reform process would seem mostly positive, though the last decade has seen many threats challenging the system. Mental health care services have been asked to do much more, in terms of care to a larger population with very diversified needs, but with much less resources, due to the financial consequences of the economic crisis. Although there is no evidence of a trend towards re-institutionalisation, intensity and quality of care may have fallen below acceptable standards in some parts of Italy.
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DOLAN, M., W. J. F. DEAKIN, N. ROBERTS, and I. ANDERSON. "Serotonergic and cognitive impairment in impulsive aggressive personality disordered offenders: are there implications for treatment?" Psychological Medicine 32, no. 1 (January 2002): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004688.
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Background. Reduced serotonin (5-HT) function and deficits on neuropsychological tasks have been separately reported in antisocial populations. We investigated whether these impairments are independent or associated factors underlying impulsivity in aggressive personality disordered (PD) offenders and healthy controls and whether there are associated changes in quantitative brain measures.Methods. This study reports on the findings from a sample of 51 PD offenders and 24 controls, recruited from maximum security psychiatric hospitals, who were characterized using the Special Hospital Assessment of Personality and Socialisation (SHAPS). Subjects underwent assessment of 5-HT function (prolactin response to D-fenfluramine challenge), neuropsychological testing and had a diagnostic MRI scan. Of this sample 19 controls and 24 patients also had quantitative measurement of frontal and temporal lobe volumes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results. Non-psychopathic (low-impulsive) aggressive PDs had enhanced 5-HT function compared with controls and highly impulsive aggressive psychopaths. Primary and secondary psychopaths had poorer executive/frontal, but not memory/temporal neuropsychological function than controls and non-psychopaths. There were no significant group differences in frontal or temporal lobe brain volumes. Although impulsivity and aggression are correlated constructs impulsivity appeared to be related to both executive function and 5-HT function, while aggression only correlated inversely with executive/frontal and memory/temporal function. 5-HT did not directly correlate with frontal or temporal volume or function.Conclusion. Impulsivity appears to be contributed to by both impaired neuropsychological function and 5-HT function. Impaired neuropsychological function alone makes a contribution to aggression. Treatment needs to take account of the neuropsychological and biochemical deficits in this challenging population.
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Nwoba, Charles. "Religion and Alternative Dispute Resolution: A Critical Assessment of Land Dispute Resolution in Akataka-Ekpa-Omaka and Omege-Echara Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria." African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 568–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpas.v16i2.29.
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This paper examined the impact of religion on alternative dispute resolution such as negotiation, meditation and conciliation on land conflict between Akataka-Ekpa-Omaka and Omege-Echara, Ikwo. The broad objective of the paper is to examine the impact of religion on the Land Dispute Resolution between Akataka-Ekpa-Omaka and Omege-Echara, Ikwo. The paper adopted survey and documentary methods in gathering data. The descriptive analytical technique tools such as tables, simple percentages, histograms, charts and content analysis data were used for data analysis. The theoretical framework used is human needs theory. The paper revealed that there is incompatibility of religious fanatics between traditional religion practice of the area and Christians belief which hinders the efforts to resolve the land dispute. The paper recommended setting up a special committee to harmonize the relationship between the two major religions as gateway to peace building in the area. There is also need to legislates at local level and specify various punishments for offenders of religious bigotry to encourage peace and harmony in the area.
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Zengin Taş, Esin, and Nurdan Duman. "Clinical social work practices for adult offendersYetişkin hükümlülere yönelik klinik sosyal hizmet uygulamaları." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 620–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i2.5685.
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In the historical process, crime has a long history. Crime is one of today's biggest social problem. Because of the consequences of crime to the whole society, prevention efforts have gained importance especially with the developments in the field of human rights. At this point today's prisons are places where the punishment foreseen by the law in return for the consequences of the crime are taken; also draw attention as institutions to prevent crime. One of the most important disciplines to prevent crime in prisons targeting rehabilitation is the social work profession. For this reason, social work practices in prison gain importance in terms of reducing the negative effects of the crime on the individual, family and society; contributing to the functional passage of the execution time; to intervene in accordance with the needs of special-needs offenders and preventing re-offending.Based on all these; In this review article on clinical social work practices for adult offenders; It is intended to provide a perspective on the structure of today's prisons, current social work practices, population of prisons and theoretical and clinical knowledge and skills of the social worker working in the penitentiary system.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetTarihsel süreç içerisinde suç olgusunun uzun bir geçmişi bulunmaktadır. Suç günümüzün en büyük sosyal sorunlarından birisidir. Suçun tüm toplumu ilgilendiren sonuçları sebebiyle de önleme çalışmaları, özellikle insan hakları alanında var olan gelişmelerle birlikte önem kazanmıştır. Günümüz ceza infaz kurumları bu noktada suçun sonuçlarının karşılığında hukukun öngördüğü cezanın çekildiği yerler olmasının yanında; suçu önlemeye yönelik kurumlar olarak da dikkat çekmektedir. Rehabilitasyonu hedefleyen Ceza İnfaz Kurumlarında suçu önlemeye ilişkin en önemli mesleklerden birisi de sosyal hizmet mesleğidir. Bu sebeple ceza infaz kurumlarındaki sosyal hizmet uygulamaları; suçun birey, aile ve toplum üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak, infaz sürecinin işlevsel geçmesine katkıda bulunmak, özel ihtiyaç sahibi hükümlülerin gereksinimlerine uygun müdahalelerde bulunmak ve en önemlisi yeniden suç işlemeyi önlemek anlamında önem kazanmaktadır. Tüm bunlardan hareketle; yetişkin suçlulara yönelik klinik sosyal hizmet uygulamalarını konu alan bu derleme yazısında; günümüz ceza infaz kurumlarının yapısı, mevcut sosyal hizmet uygulamaları, ceza infaz kurumu popülasyonu ve ceza infaz sisteminde çalışan sosyal hizmet uzmanının sahip olması gereken teorik ve klinik bilgi ve becerilere ilişkin bir bakış açısı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
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Ilahi, M. Alvi Rizki, Elly Sudarti, and Nys Arfa. "Pelaksanaan Pidana Pelatihan Kerja Terhadap Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 1, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v1i2.9572.
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ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pidana pelatihan kerja terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Anak Memerlukan Perlindungan Khusus Alyatama Jambi dan kendala yang dihadapi dalam proses pelaksanaan pidana pelatihan kerja tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis empiris, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Pelaksanan pidana pelatihan kerja di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Anak Memerlukan Perlindungan Khusus Alyatama Jambi dapat dikatakan belum terlaksana, Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Anak Memerlukan Perlindungan Khusus Alyatama Jambi sebagai tempat pelaksanaan pelatihan kerja tersebut belum memberikan pelatihan kerja dikarenakan belum adanya Peraturan Pemerintah mengenai pelaksanaan pidana pelatihan kerja, sehingga Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial tersebut hanya memberikan Rehabilitasi berupa Terapi-terapi mulai dari terapi Psikososial hingga terapi mental dan spiritual 2). Kendala yang dihadapiyaitu dari Peraturan pelaksana yang belum ada, sarana dan prasaraan pendukung belum tersedia, serta belum adanya petugas yang secara khusus memberikan pelatihan kerja terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of job training crimes against children who are criminal offenders at the Child Social Rehabilitation Center in Need of Special Protection, Alyatama Jambi and the obstacles faced in the process of implementing the job training criminal.. The research method used is empirical juridical legal research. The results of the study are: 1). It can be said that the implementation of job training crimes at the Child Social Rehabilitation Center Requires Special Protection Alyatama Jambi has not been implemented, the Child Social Rehabilitation Center Needs Special Protection Alyatama Jambi as a place for implementing job training has not provided job training because there is no Government Regulation regarding the implementation of job training penalties, so The Social Rehabilitation Center only provides Rehabilitation in the form of therapies ranging from psychosocial therapy to mental and spiritual therapy 2). The obstacles faced are from the missing implementing regulations, the supporting facilities and infrastructure are not yet available, and the absence of officers who specifically provide job training to child perpetrators of crime.
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Sepúlveda, Andrea, and Daniel Álvarez. "Meaningful bonds and criminal trajectories in adolescents: The intervention experience of expert professionals." Iberoamerican Journal of Psychology and Public Policy 1, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 57–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.56754/2810-6598.2024.0004.
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Young offenders (YO) have undergone a series of experiences throughout their lives that influence their way of relating to others. Through the report of nine expert professionals, this qualitative study seeks the characterization of different types of bonds established by 20 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 22 admitted to Special Probation Programs (SPP) in the region of La Araucanía, Chile. Through the design of cases by criteria, two categories of sex and criminal trajectory defined by the Multidimensional Model of Differentiated Intervention (MMIDA) are constructed from an analytical-associative perspective. The method of analysis selected for the treatment of the data was the Weighted Hierarchical Content Analysis, which allowed its characterization, frequency distribution, and comparison. As main results, it is found that YOs, from the report of expert interveners, tend to establish meaningful bonds with their environment, through which they satisfy their affective and help needs. These bonds allow them to channel their adaptive or maladaptive potential. The quality of these established bonds differs depending on the criminal trajectory regardless of the sex of the young person, presenting high consistency as described by the MMIDA model for each of the five trajectories. When making the comparison between the sexes, it was found that women present a higher content density in the categories of damaged bonds, mainly referring to unhealthy relationships and altered development.
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Shcherbinin, Pavel, and Inna Shikunova. "“Are you defective or immoral?”. Problems of selection and socialization of “morally defective” children in the 20s of the 20th century in Soviet Russia: regional aspects." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 181 (2019): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-181-173-184.
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We consider the regional features of the social protection system of “morally handicapped” children in Tambov province in the first decade of Soviet government (1918–1928). We representatively and comprehensively investigate various poorly studied aspects of the declared scientific problem on the basis of attraction and processing of a wide complex of primary archival sources and other materials. We reveal typical regional features of the social education system formation in relation to homeless children and children with criminal tendencies in the formation period of the new socialist state at the provincial and county levels, different from the capital’s projects and instructions. We also show spontaneity and haste in the search for different forms and methods of organization of care for such socially neglected children. We clarify the main educational practices and organizational measures for the opportunities and needs of provincial institutions of the social education. We identify the main ways and methods of work with juvenile offenders during the period under review. Conclusions are drawn about the results and features of support for such “special” children and adolescents at the level of the province and county, which allowed to reconstruct the system of social protection of post-revolutionary Russia. Special atten-tion was paid to the social protection of women’s councils female workers’ children and other re-gional public organizations. Attention is paid to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical, socio-political, socio-cultural and ethno-confessional features of the social education system. We clarify the factors that had the strongest impact on the personnel, financing of children’s social institutions, as well as trends in their development in the Soviet era. We reveal the catastrophic impact of the new economic policy on the regional system of social education and the work of orphanages, where homeless children gathered, who lacked other opportunities for socialization and survival.
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Korol, K. "The need for police officers to use portable video recorders when responding to domestic violence situations." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 80 (January 20, 2024): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.22.
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The article examines the use of portable video recorders by precinct police officers when responding to situations related to domestic violence.
Domestic violence is a very common problem that needs to be addressed by the National Police of Ukraine. The main tasks of the police in the field of combating domestic violence are: timely response and combating this type of offense, bringing offenders to legal responsibility, in accordance with current legislation. In our opinion, one of the unsolved problems that is not sufficiently studied in the legislation is the use of video recorders by precinct police officers when responding to various types of offenses, such as domestic violence.
The use of portable video recorders (portable video recording cameras) by precinct police officers is a practice that is becoming more common in many countries. These devices can have a significant impact on ensuring security, increasing accountability and transparency of police actions.
A study of judicial practice indicates a tendency that courts of various levels increasingly note the lack of sufficient evidence from precinct police officers, which would possibly confirm the legality of their decisions to issue an urgent restraining order. In fact, only the prohibition order itself, which briefly outlines the essence of the case, and the statement of the victim, as well as other materials regarding the administrative offense, is not enough for the courts. Also, the study of judicial practice indicates that there are frequent cases of appeals against the decisions of district police officers regarding the issuance of urgent orders, which indicates the need to improve the mechanism of implementing special measures in the field of combating domestic violence.
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Dzhus, Oksana. "Issues of Inclusion and Special Education in the Creative Heritage of Sofia Rusova." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.7.1.71-80.
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The article analyzes the issues of inclusion and special education in the creative heritage of Sofia Rusova – teacher, citizen, politician, state maker, who considered them in the context of world scientific achievements of the interwar period of the XX century. Inclusion, as a process of increasing the participation of all citizens in society, including those with physical or mental disabilities, involves the development and implementation of specific solutions that will allow each person to participate equally in academic and public life. The evolution of the idea of inclusion and the birth of special education S. Rusova closely linked with the understanding and interpretation of the leading principles of pedagogy, general and social psychology, sociology, philosophy of education, historical and pedagogical searches of the late XIX - early XX century. Perhaps the most important source of new pedagogical ideas of S. Rusova, embodied in the writings of the interwar period (“New School of Social Education”, “Education and Sociology of Durkheim”, “Social Education: Its Importance in Public Life”, “Public Issues of Education” became acquainted with the latest trends in Western European pedagogy, which allowed her to keep up with the times, psychologize pedagogy. Extensive education, fluency in the leading European languages (first and foremost, French) made it possible for S. Rusova to access the original literature - works by J. Dewey, E. Claapared, G. Kerschensteiner, V. Lai, E. Meiman, and G. Spencer with the most prominent pedagogical figures of the 1920s and 1930s, including O. Decroly and M. Montessori, and studying the experience of their practical work. Guided by the statement that “ development of the child is influenced by three main factors: education, heritage, and environment”, based on the experiments of foreign (German, Belgian, Czech) researches, the scientist revealed the specifics of social and educational impact of the environment, preparing the groundwork inclusion as a set of conditions, methods and means of their implementation for joint learning, education and development of the educational recipients, taking into account their needsand opportunities. At the same time, I emphasize the shaft that no child “is passively influenced by the environment: it takes from it what its individuality seeks.” The issue of special education, in particular, the psychological and pedagogical principles of working with children with intellectual disabilities, is most fully revealed in S. Rusova's work, “Something about defective children in school”. It clearly traces the idea that children of all walks of life are necessarily subject to process education and training. According to S. Rusova, children with deviant behavior (in particular, “child offenders”), for whom the conditions for education as a factor of their re-education should be created, and for the needs of such schools, should not be left out of the educational influence in order to organize teacher training “with a deep psychological understanding of their sick students, with a heart warmed with love for them, and with a certain understanding of their social and pedagogical task: to return these children to citizenship ...”. Summarizing the above, it can be argued that the issues of inclusion, studying, education of children and young people with special educational needs, as represented by the property of Sofia Rusova are a significant contribution to Ukrainian and world pedagogical thought, an important factor in the revival of national educational systems in the teaching experiences of the past.
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Rachman, Fathur. "Implementasi Nilai Pancasila Terhadap Hukuman Mati Tindak Pidana Narkotika." PRANATA HUKUM 13, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v13i2.169.
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The proliferation of drug trafficking and use activities in Indonesia today, makes Indonesia a drug emergency. Narcotics is an extraordinary crime and needs special attention in its eradication efforts. Therefore great power is needed by using the toughest legal actions in which Indonesia has a death sentence. The purpose of capital punishment is to give a violent deterrent to drug offenders and as a warning to other communities not to commit these crimes. The issue examined in this paper is the suitability of Pancasila as the legal basis for the application of the death penalty, and the application of the death penalty to narcotics crime. The reality of capital punishment in Indonesia shows that the implementation of the judicial system is not good and the execution of the death penalty is always postponed so that it seems indecisive . In addition, the regulation of capital punishment also raises the debate between the ethical values of Pancasila and positive law (KUHP). It is undeniable that in the effort to implement such assertiveness sometimes experience obstacles both from within and outside the country. As well as various counter opinions regarding capital punishment that violate human rights . Even in Indonesia alone for those who contradict the death penalty, it is associated with violating the first precepts of Pancasila, where God is the ruler of the universe who has full provisions for the right to life and death. But Indonesia still applies the death penalty based on the positive law (KUHP).
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Dushkin, Anton, and Elena Fedotova. "Assessment of the risk of committing crimes by persons released from prison." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 4, no. 1 (April 27, 2024): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2024-1-45-61.
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Introduction. While studying recidivism prediction, criminal risk assessment is considered in many countries a mandatory procedure. The paper presents the most widely known and frequently applied risk assessment tools. Special attention is paid to predicted risk assessment tools for individuals released in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the emerging tradition of using these risk assessment tools for practical purposes and the opportunities for conducting relevant research, much attention is paid to reviewing the tools used abroad. The purpose of the study is to provide the theoretical grounds for recidivism risk assessment tools, as well as the analysis of foreign experience in application and verification of this tool. Research methods. The research uses general scientific methods: (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization, analogy), special methods: comparative (when studying tools for assessing the risk of recidivism), formal legal (for the study of normative legal acts). Results. The research demonstrates a wide range of approaches and patterns in the area of criminal behavior risk assessment. Criminal behavior risk assessment tools were classified, and they can be summarised in a historical perspective into four generations according to chronology. The first and least reliable approach is to assess the risk of recidivism based on the clinical opinion of professionals. At this stage the measurement was characterised by its subjectivity. The second generation was based on actuarial valuation using reliable statistical predictors and significance levels for recidivism. The third generation tended to combine risk factors based on the theory of static risk assessment. The fourth generation of tools is based on the understanding that risk should be assessed as a continuous and dynamic process related to both the risk itself and the needs and resources of the individual. This approach considers that offenders’ supervision in post-penitentiary probation is an effective means of successful risk assessment based on their individual psychological characteristics and resources.
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Leskova, Irina V., Danila V. Besfamilnyj, and Anastasia A. Kozhanova. "Hating on Social Networks." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 20, no. 4 (141) (December 29, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2021-20-4-93-100.
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The purpose of the scientific article is to study a relatively new phenomenon in our society–hating in social networks. The definition of hating is formulated, the social portrait of hater is considered, the characteristic signs of the behavior of the desired character are outlined. To achieve the stated goal, the method of content analysis of posts was used, dialogues were selected in which a vivid manifestation of negative emotional pressure on users of social networks was recorded. Examples of the behavior of haters on the Internet are given, comments of the relevant content are quoted and interpreted. It is revealed that hate can be expressed not only in the form of envy and hatred, but also in general can be perceived as a set of negative emotions–fear, cynicism, distrust. It is emphasized that the phenomenon under study can be classified as a special kind of skepticism, but in its more active and aggressive form. It is established that the external data of people is the first sign that haters pay attention to on social networks. In summary, hating, as a purposeful multiple action of a particular person, aims to hurt the feelings of the victim and provoke her to react. Therefore, the brighter the person’s response irritability is, the more satisfaction the aggressor who launched the attack gets. The authors recommend not to let Hater get the reaction he needs, and also give advice to users on how to most effectively prevent toxic and obscene behavior in the vastness of social networks. In conclusion, ways of dealing with offenders are proposed, constructive conclusions are formulated.
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Tort Herrando, V. "Prisoners with intellectual disability: How to adapt interventions and the environment." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.880.
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There is an increasing interest in the Spanish prison to give the appropriate care when they are in prison. This situation has a special meaning in inmates with learning disabilities, as they are a vulnerable group inside prison. They are vulnerable in different areas as they have a high prevalence dual diagnosis (both with mental illness and drug misuse), they could suffer from abuse from other inmates, difficulties to understand prison regulations, etc. The prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in the prison setting has been poorly evaluated. In Spain, despite various approximations or estimates regarding people with intellectual disabilities no reliable data is available.In our presentation, we will give an overview of the care of this group of patients, presenting some data from an epidemiological study in Spain. The rate of learning disabilities was of 3.77% of the study population has an IQ below 70, and 7, 3% has borderline IQ rate. We also describe a new setting in one of wards of a prison of Barcelona where has a model of therapeutic community for treating offenders with intellectual disabilities. This resource open two years ago and is run between prison services and an organization “Accepta” (specialized in people with learning disability and penal law problems). This is an effort from the prison services to adapt to the needs of inmates and deliver a better service with a good post-release follow-up.And finally, we present some data about learning disability in penitentiary psychiatric settings (the prevalence as a main diagnose is around 10%).Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Moran, Marianne J. "Book Review: Treating Adult and Juvenile Offenders With Special Needs. José B. Ashford, Bruce D. Sales, and William H. Reid (Eds.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001, 518 pp. $49.95. ISBN 1-55798-667-3." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x02046001008.
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Hinchuk, L. I. "Reports as the Main Source of Informing Users about the Quality of Statistical Information on Administrative Offence." Statistics of Ukraine 83, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.4(83)2018.04.07.
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Administrative offence and administrative liability occurs in the social life more often (proportionally) than criminal and civil liability. Several million cases of administrative liability are fixed in Ukraine each year.
The official statistics bodies, acting in accordance with the rights and obligations determined by the norms of the special law on statistics, such as Article 14 of the Law of Ukraine “Official Statistics”, organize and conduct statistical observations of socio-economic and demographic processes in Ukraine and its regions, including ones on administrative offence in all the spheres of social life. The respective statistical information is provided to central and local power bodies. This information is required for them to implement their authorities in taking decisions on measures to prevent administrative offence.
The main requirement to the statistical information on administrative offence is its quality. The quality of statistical information on administrative offence is largely conditional on the level at which it is collected. The components of its quality are accuracy, quickness, accessibility for further analysis and use. The appropriate quality of information can be ensured today only by means of computerized technologies based on personified data about offenders, sphere of administrative offence and details of administrative offence. These technologies widen the possibilities for collection, processing, checking and utilization of the information. This enables to move from narrow indicators reflecting isolated areas to ones with the full coverage of information about administrative offence, allowing for comprehensive analyses of statistical information at all the phases of its collection: prevention of offence, committing offence, administrative sanction, execution of decisions on administrative sanction etc.
The official statistical information on administrative offence is used by many categories of users with various needs and demands: scientists, central and local power officials, employees of control agencies, law enforcement agencies and judiciary. Because it is hard or impossible to meet the needs of all the users at the same time, there is a pressing need in measuring the quality of statistical information on administrative offence by making quality reports. Quality reports are the main source of informing the users on the quality of statistical information, including the one on administrative offence.
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Arno, Claudia. "Proportional Response: The Need for More—And More Standardized—Veterans’ Courts." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 48.4 (2015): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.48.4.proportional.
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Over the past two decades, judges and legislators in a number of states have recognized significant shortcomings in the ways traditional systems of criminal corrections address cases involving criminal offenders who are veterans of the U.S. armed services. This recognition has come at a time when policy-makers have similarly recognized that, for certain subsets of criminal offenders, “diversionary” programs may achieve better policy results than will traditional criminal punishment. In accordance with these dual recognitions, some states have implemented systems of veterans’ courts, in which certain offenders, who are also U.S. veterans, are diverted into programs that provide monitoring, training, and occupational and psychological counseling in lieu of imprisonment. Because these veterans’ courts have been created on an ad hoc, state-by-state basis, it remains unclear exactly how such courts should be implemented in order to be most effective. This Note argues that the evidence currently available suggests that veterans’ courts are a good policy choice, in that they can have a positive impact on state criminal systems by reducing recidivism among offenders and by conserving state resources. Accordingly, this Note argues, states should pursue diversionary programs for at least some subset of U.S. veterans because: (1) the U.S. government has already invested significant resources in training veterans and helping them to develop skills; (2) in many cases the behavior that leads to a veteran being incarcerated stems at least in part from service-related trauma, suggesting that addressing the trauma may correct the behavior; and (3) as a matter of equity, those who have served in defense of the United States may be due special consideration in light of their special sacrifices. This said, given the difficulties inherent in determining which veterans, in which cases, should be afforded the benefits of these diversionary programs, that there is no coordinated state action in this area, and that many of the potential benefits of veterans’ courts can best—or perhaps only—be realized through a standardized, uniform model, the federal government should promulgate standards for implementing such programs in state court systems.