Academic literature on the topic 'Specialised terms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Specialised terms"
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Bertels, Ann. "The dynamics of terms and meaning in the domain of machining terminology." Terminology 17, no. 1 (June 20, 2011): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.17.1.06ber.
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This paper addresses the dynamics of terms and meaning in specialised communication by means of a semantic investigation into the domain of machining terminology in French. Studying meaning in specialised language raises two main research questions: how to identify terms or specialised entities in a technical corpus and how to study their meaning. In order to answer these questions, a double quantitative analysis is conducted, consisting of the identification and quantification of specialised vocabulary as well as the quantification of the semantic analysis by means of a monosemy measure. This approach requires the use of computer tools and scripting language and involves a statistical analysis in order to come to linguistic conclusions. Accordingly, this study aims to question the univocity ideal in a quantitative way. It focuses on the methodology and shows that an interdisciplinary approach can yield valuable results
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Linton, Christina P. "Essential Morphologic Terms and Definitions." Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association 3, no. 2 (March 2011): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jdn.0b013e318211c6f0.
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Gulick, Elsie E., and June Halper. "Value, Challenges, and Satisfaction of Certification for Multiple Sclerosis Specialists." International Journal of MS Care 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2013-022.
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Background: Specialist certification among interdisciplinary multiple sclerosis (MS) team members provides formal recognition of a specialized body of knowledge felt to be necessary to provide optimal care to individuals and families living with MS. Multiple sclerosis specialist certification (MS Certified Specialist, or MSCS) first became available in 2004 for MS interdisciplinary team members, but prior to the present study had not been evaluated for its perceived value, challenges, and satisfaction. Methods: A sample consisting of 67 currently certified MS specialists and 20 lapsed-certification MS specialists completed the following instruments: Perceived Value of Certification Tool (PVCT), Perceived Challenges and Barriers to Certification Scale (PCBCS), Overall Satisfaction with Certification Scale, and a demographic data form. Results: Satisfactory reliability was shown for the total scale and four factored subscales of the PVCT and for two of the three factored PCBCS subscales. Currently certified MS specialists perceived significantly greater value and satisfaction than lapsed-certification MS specialists in terms of employer and peer recognition, validation of MS knowledge, and empowering MS patients. Lapsed-certification MS specialists reported increased confidence and caring for MS patients using evidence-based practice. Both currently certified and lapsed-certification groups reported dissatisfaction with MSCS recognition and pay/salary rewards. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used in efforts to encourage initial certification and recertification of interdisciplinary MS team members.
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Pérez, María José Marín. "Measuring the degree of specialisation of sub-technical legal terms through corpus comparison." Terminology 22, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.22.1.04mar.
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One of the most remarkable features of the legal English lexicon is the use of sub-technical vocabulary, that is, words frequently shared by the general and specialised fields which either retain a legal meaning in general English or acquire a specialised one in the legal context. As testing has shown, almost 50% of the terms extracted from BLaRC, an 8.85m word legal corpus, were found amongst the most frequent 2,000 word families of West’s (1953) GSL, Coxhead’s (2000) AWL or the BNC (2007), hence the relevance of this type of vocabulary in this English variety. Owing to their peculiar statistical behaviour in both contexts, it is particularly problematic to identify them and measure their termhood based on such parameters as their frequency or distribution in the general and specialised environments. This research proposes a novel termhood measuring method intended to objectively quantify this lexical phenomenon through the application of Williams’ (2001) lexical network model, which incorporates contextual information to compute the level of specialisation of sub-technical terms.
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Jones, Chris. "Undefined Terms." Medieval History Journal 20, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 319–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945817718646.
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Between 1200 and 1350, the meaning attributed to the terms ‘emperor’ and ‘empire’ evolved in France to reflect the growth in power of the Capetian-Valois kings and a concomitant decline in the authority exercised by contemporary Romano-German rulers. Both terms were ubiquitous in France in this period. The fact that neither was adopted to describe the expansion of royal power was because, as this article will demonstrate, its growth was considered a consolidation of existing rights and was limited by deep-seated concerns for legitimacy, neither of which fostered imperial comparisons. At the same time, a multi-layered understanding of imperial terminology developed in France. On one level, ‘empire’ and ‘emperor’ became interchangeable with ‘kingdom’ and ‘king’. Yet imperial vocabulary remained highly malleable. Philip IV’s conflict with the papacy led to the development of specific arguments intended to undermine any subordination of French royal authority to external parties. However, far from becoming irrelevant, the terminology of empire became integral to contemporary French political discourse. It offered solutions to otherwise insoluble problems. The article establishes the way in which the office of emperor came to be understood as, simultaneously, a limited form of temporal kingship but one that encompassed a universal role disassociated from government. Imperial terms were transmuted in French thought from an association with the exercise of universal temporal authority to signify a specialised function. This function was usually, but not exclusively, understood as leadership of the crusade.
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DUBOIS, Alain, and Mohamed BERKANI. "The misleading use of the terms parent, child, ancestor and descendant in databases dealing with biological evolution and taxonomy." Bionomina 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.6.1.4.
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The rapid burst of electronic databases in the recent decades has led to a boom in specialised terminology meant to describe the structure and way of functioning of these databases. Some of this terminology was borrowed from “common language” vocabulary but used in a specialized technical language. This decision to use existing terms in a new sense, rather than coining new terms for the new concepts, was a questionable one as in some cases this terminology may be misleading, at least in certain contexts. This is the case, in our opinion, with the use of terms expressing genealogical relationships to express hierarchical taxonomic relationships in databases.
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Ureña Gómez-Moreno, José Manuel. "Refining the understanding of novel metaphor in specialised language discourse." Terminology 22, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.22.1.01ure.
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Novel metaphorical expressions are understudied in traditional approaches to terminology because they behave as sporadic units incapable of structuring whole discourse events. To show that this assumption is wrong, this paper presents a case study of novel bioeconomics metaphors in an academic marine biology research article (Landa 1998). They were analysed following the Career of Metaphor Theory (Bowdle and Gentner 2005), a framework for the description of novel metaphor in usage, and the text-linguistics approach to term description (Collet 2004), which suggests criteria for term definition that challenge the tenets of monolithic terminology models. The analysis of unexpected metaphors identified in the text suggests that these units should be considered proto-terms experienced as deliberate rhetorical and conceptual devices. Pragmatically speaking, the metaphors are part and parcel of the writer’s discursive strategy to communicate specialised knowledge to her peers. Conceptually speaking, the metaphors are essential building blocks of the article’s mental model.
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Davis, Susan H. "Glossary of Legal Terms." Plastic Surgical Nursing 22, no. 4 (2002): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006527-200222040-00008.
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Błaszkowska, Hanka. "FACHSPRACHSPEZIFISCHER WORTSCHATZ ALS INSTRUMENT ZUR MARKENPFLEGE AM BEISPIEL DER KATEGORIE ELEKTROMOBILITÄT IM VOLKSWAGEN MAGAZIN." Neofilolog, no. 51/2 (December 11, 2018): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2018.51.2.3.
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The article explores the influence of the specialised language on the shaping of the image of the German car brand Volkswagen. The analysed material comprises marketing texts from an image magazine of the Volkswagen Magazin brand, available on the company’s website. The issue will be examined on the basis of the semantic category of Electro Mobility, which constitutes a subcategory of the semantic category of innovation, which in turn is currently the company’s main area of activity and the focus of all actions, also linguistic, in terms of shaping the brand’s image. The specialised language in the texts from the Magazine, a digital journal, whose articles resemble forms of journalistic writing, limits itself mainly to specialist vocabulary – the technical vocabulary referring to automotive technology, as well as pseudo-specialised language, whose role is merely to evoke technical connotations. Both types of specialist terminology contribute to the restoring of the reputation of the brand in the eyes of the consumers, which has been severely affected as a result of the emissions scandal in 2015.
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Fuertes Olivera, Pedro A., and Sandro Nielsen. "The dynamics of terms in accounting." Terminology 17, no. 1 (June 20, 2011): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.17.1.09fue.
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European accounting terminology is dynamic as term creation and formation occurs on national, European Union and international levels. Although English is the lingua franca of accounting, international accounting standards in English exist on a par with their translations into other languages. However, an analysis of online dictionaries shows that these cannot cope with the dynamic nature of accounting terminology. We discuss a network of internet dictionaries in English, Danish, and Spanish that was compiled using the functional approach to specialised lexicography. We show how terminologists can work in subject fields where culture and context play a key role in the development of nationally accepted and internationally recommended terms, and propose ways to remedy deficiencies identified in the dictionaries examined. Finally, we discuss strategies for translating English metaphorical terms into Spanish assuming that bilingual accounting dictionaries should use conceptually similar terms in both source and target languages
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Specialised terms"
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Persson, Elin. "Traduire la prose de l'OTAN : Une étude sur les stratégies de traduction de termes spécialisés relatifs aux relations internationales." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54233.
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International relations as well as multilingual organisations and institutions rely upon translation. In this particular field, translators are mostly concerned with different types of specialised documents, such as legal acts, technical reports and press statements. Due to the high precision and clarity requirements that are associated with these texts, terminology appears to be one of the most difficult aspects when it comes to translating specialised documents. This difficulty is the main focus of this study. More specifically, the aim is to describe and analyse how equivalents of specialised terms in the source language can be found in the target language and to study translation strategies that can be applied when translating international relations terminology. In order to obtain the primary data used in the study, NATO’s new strategic concept from 2010 was translated from French to Swedish. The concept is supposed to guide the organisation during a ten-year period. Throughout the translation process both lexical and textual sources were used. The analysis was made in the light of different translation theories and models, which include Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1977) “direct” and “indirect” translation techniques, as well as Cabré’s (1992) theories and methods on terminology. The results show the complexity of the subject, and most importantly, that parallel texts, that is to say specialised documentation, can play an important role when it comes to translating specialised terms, since many of them are not to be found in ordinary dictionaries.
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Ciossek, Catharina Victoria. "Model of a specialized bidirectional dictionary for German and Portuguese." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7396.
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Terminologia e Gestão da Informação de EspecialidadeThe scope of this thesis is the process of establishing a specialized, bilingual, bidirectional dictionary of the medical area of dermatology that could facilitate the work of dermatologists, professionals of the area of dermatology and also researchers and translators that are working with the specialized language of dermatology. It will be stated how a practical dictionary should look like as well as the criteria that are important for the establishment of such a dictionary. Furthermore will be given an overview of the potential problems in relation of the dictionary´s establishment; moreover the description of the processing of data to come upon the technical terms that will be represented in the dictionary will be presented. Concluding a scheme for a specialized, bilingual dictionary of the medical area of dermatology in the German and Portuguese language was presented that not only provides information on grammar and syntax. First of all I would like to thank the love of my life for believing in me, for always supporting and loving me (…) Further my special thanks go to my family that I always have near me even if we are geographical separated. I would also like to thank my friends, especially my non-bff Sarah and Rolf, who always have a sympathetic ear for me.
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Elliott, Misty. "An evaluation of specialized police response teams on motel crime /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1451083.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007."December, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-48). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2008]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Escobar, Vargas Laura Mónica. "Specialized models for the long-term transmission network expansion planning problem /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180548.
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Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero LázaroResumo: A análise de sistemas altamente complexos quando e analizado o problema de planejamento de expansão de redes de transmissão de longo prazo, é o foco principal deste trabalho. Os modelos e metodos propostos são aplicados ao problema de planejamento estático tradicional, que é um problema de otimização matemática classificado como NP-completo, não-linear inteiro misto. O qual envolve no investimento, variáveis operacionais contínuas e variáveis inteiras. O comportamento normal de cada sistema pode conter informação essencial para a criação de novos métodos, como os planos de corte baseados em cortes de diferença de ângulos para problemas de grande escala, o que é a base é o ponto de partida deste trabalho, derivando em desigualdades válidas é ciclos críticos. Os cortes angulares básicos reduzem o espaço de busca do problema e o tempo total de cálculo deste problema, enquanto ao método de inequações válidas que pode ser usado para fornecer limites inferiores sólidos no investimento ótimo do planejamento de transmissão, já que a diferença entre o modelo DC (modelo exato) e o modelo de transporte (modelo mais relaxado) são as restrições angulares. Os ciclos críticos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhoraralguns dos modelos tradicionais do problemas de planejamento da expansão da rede de transmissão de longo prazo. A razão por trás disso é a ausência da segunda lei de Kirchhoff, que completa a representação do sistema, mas aumenta a complexidade. Para resolver os problemas resultantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The analysis of highly complex systems when solving the long-term transmission network expansion planning problem is the main focus of this work. The proposed improved models and methodology are applied to the traditionalstatic planning problem, which is a mathematical optimization problem classified as NP-complete and mixed-integer nonlinear problem. It involves continuousoperating variables and integer investment variables. The normal behavior of each system can be shown essential information to the creation of new methods, as the cutting-planes based in bus-angle difference cuts for large-scale problems which were the starting point of this work, deriving in valid inequalities and critic cycles. The angular cuts aim to reduce the search space of the problem and the total computation time of this NP-hard problem as for the valid inequalities methodthat can be used to provide strong lower bounds on the optimal investment of the transmissionplanning, since the difference between the DC model (exact model) and the transport model (more relaxed model) are the angular constraints. Critic cycles has been develop in order to improve some of the traditional long-term transmission network expansion planning problem models. The reason behind it is the absence of second Kirchhoff’s law which completes the representationof the system, but increase the complexity. In order to solve the resulting problems, this work uses the modeling language AMPL with the solver CPLEX. In test systems w... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Rodríguez, Penagos Carlos. "Metalinguistic information extraction from specialized texts to enrich computational lexicons." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7580.
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Este trabajo presenta un estudio empírico del uso y función del metalenguaje en el conocimiento científico experto y los lenguajes de especialidad en lengua inglesa, con especial atención al establecimiento, modificación y negociación de la terminología común del grupo de especialistas de cada área. Mediante enunciados discursivos llamados Operaciones Metalingüísticas Explícitas se formaliza y analiza el carácter dinámico de las estructuras conceptuales científicas y los sublenguajes que las vehiculan.Por otro lado, se presenta la implementación de un sistema automático de extracción de información metalingüística en textos de especialidad. El sistema MOP (Metalinguistic Operation Processor) extrae enunciados metalingüísticos y definiciones de documentos especializados, utilizando tanto autómatas de estados finitos como algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. El sistema crear bases semi-estructuradas de información terminológica llamadas Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), de utilidad para la lexicografía especializada, el procesamiento del lenguaje natural y el estudio empírico de la evolución del conocimiento científico, entre otras aplicaciones.
This work presents an empirical study of the use and function of metalanguage in expert scientific knowledge and special-domain languages, with special focus on how each field's terminology is established, modified and negotiated within the group of experts. Through discourse statements called Explicit metalinguistic Operations the dynamic nature of conceptual structures and the sublanguages that embody them are formalized and analyzed.
On the other hand, it presents a system implementation for the automatic extraction of metalinguistic information from specialized texts. The Metalinguistic Operation Processor (MOP) system extracts metalinguistic statements and definitions from special-domain documents, using finite-state machinery and machine-learning algorithms. The system creates semi-structured databases called Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), useful for specialized lexicography, Natural Language Processing, and the empirical study of scientific knowledge, among other applications.
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Matuda, Sabrina. "Futebóis: uma análise do texto léxico do futebol em português brasileiro e inglês britânico sob a perspectiva da linguística de Corpus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-11012016-141524/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi criar um modelo de glossário de futebol composto por verbetes marcados por diferenças culturais entre o Brasil e a Inglaterra. Partimos da hipótese de que os diferentes jeitos de jogar, a história do futebol em cada cultura, a apropriação cultural das regras na Inglaterra e no Brasil e outros fatores de ordem histórico-social contribuíram para a criação do léxico do futebol em português e inglês. Para conduzir a pesquisa, baseamo-nos na Linguística de Corpus, na Terminologia Textual e na Tradução Técnica como ato comunicativo sujeito a condicionantes culturais, áreas que compartilham o interesse de observar a linguagem real em seu contexto de ocorrência. Recorremos ao conceito antropológico formarepresentação para melhor explicar as diferenças entre o futebol brasileiro e o futebol inglês. O corpus de estudo é comparável e possui 469.765 palavras em português e 600.079 em inglês. Cada subcorpus é composto por cinco categorias de textos: resultados de partidas, descrição de partidas, relatos de partidas com comentários de internautas, notícias sobre compra e venda de jogadores e técnicos e notícias sobre a situação dos times nos campeonatos. O corpus foi submetido à etiquetagem morfossintática por meio do etiquetador Tree Tagger e analisado semi-automaticamente com auxílio do programa WordSmith Tools. Selecionamos dezessete termos e combinatórias léxicas especializadas (CLEs) que são culturalmente marcados e que deram ensejo aos estudos de caso que compõem o modelo de dicionário proposto. A análise desses casos revelou dois aspectos importantes: 1) o futebol brasileiro é frequentemente associado a palavras como drible, criatividade, espontaneidade, habilidade, beleza e ginga, ao passo que o futebol inglês é quase que exclusivamente associado a palavras de força e rapidez; 2) os aspectos histórico-culturais e a história do futebol no Brasil e na Inglaterra influenciaram, de forma direta, a terminologia do futebol em português e inglês, confirmando nossa hipótese. Ao final do trabalho, o modelo de dicionário proposto é apresentado em anexo.The primary aim of this research is to present a model for a football dictionary consisting of entries marked by cultural differences between Brazil and England. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that the different ways of playing, the football history in each culture, the cultural appropriation of rules in England and Brazil and other historical and social factors have contributed to the creation of the football lexicon in Portuguese and English. The theoretical dimensions underlying this study are Corpus Linguistics, Textual Terminology and Technical Translation as a communicative act subject to cultural conditions, areas which share an interest in observing language in its actual context of occurrence. We also highlighted the anthropological form-representation concept to better explain the differences between Brazilian football and English football. In order to carry out our analysis, we compiled a comparable study corpus which comprises 469,765 words in Portuguese and 600,079 in English. Each subcorpus consists of five categories of texts: match results, match description, match reports with comments from Internet users, news about players and coaches purchase and sale and news on the position of the teams in the championships. The corpus was annotated with part-of-speech tags through Tree Tagger and investigated with the linguistic analysis software WordSmith Tools. Seventeen culturally marked terms and specialized lexical combinations (CLEs) gave rise to the case studies which constitute the dictionary model. The analysis of these cases revealed two important aspects: 1) Brazilian football is often associated with words like \'dribble\', \'creativity\', \'spontaneity\', \'ability\', \'beauty\' and \'ginga\' whereas English football is almost exclusively associated with words of strength and speed; 2) the historical and cultural aspects and the history of football in Brazil and England have direct impact on the football terminology in Portuguese and English, a conclusion which confirms our initial hypothesis. A model of dictionary entries is attached to this dissertation.
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Sosin, George. "Le rôle et la place de l'anglais de spécialité dans les petites annonces pour l'emploi en milieu scientifique." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0008/document.
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Cette étude en anglais de spécialité s’inscrit dans le domaine de la terminologie du discours des annonces pour l’emploi en milieu scientifique, domaine encore inexploré d’un point de vue linguistique. Le discours des annonces pour l’emploi est la somme de plusieurs discours, notamment discours des ressources humaines, discours publicitaire, discours qu’on peut appeler « touristique » et discours scientifique. Puisque le but primordial de l’annonce est de faire la publicité de l’entreprise ou du laboratoire de recherche, le discours scientifique y est réduit au minimum car il s’avère que ce discours ne peut se plier à la finalité et aux contraintes des annonceurs. Après une analyse des vocables des ressources humaines, un travail a été entrepris sur les domaines scientifiques concernés et une nouvelle terminologie a été proposée, articulée notamment autour de hyperdomaines, domaines et sous-domaines scientifiques. L’analyse des vocables scientifiques suggère une distinction nécessaire entre les vocables scientifiques et les termes spécialisés. Enfin, le travail se clôt par un examen des moyens linguistiques et graphiques mis en œuvre dans le discours publicitaireThis dissertation focuses on English for Specific Purposes and more particularly on the terminology of scientific job advertisements discourse, an area still in pristine condition from a linguistic point of view. Job advertisements discourse is the sum of various discourses, i.e. human resources, advertising as well as a discourse which may be termed as "tourist" discourse and scientific discourse. Since the main purpose of advertisements is to advertise the company or the research laboratory, science discourse is minimized because it appears that this particular discourse fails to comply with the announcers’ ultimate aim. Once an analysis of human resources terms was done, a study was undertaken on scientific fields and a new terminology has been suggested, namely that of scientific hyperfields, fields and sub-fields. The analysis of scientific terms calls for a necessary distinction that has to be made between scientific terms and specialized terms. At last, the dissertation undertakes an analysis of linguistic and graphic means used in the advertising discourse
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Raphael, Lucia. "Sustainability Assurance and the Engagement of Multidisciplinary Teams." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36902.
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Research have revealed that the accounting profession engage multi-disciplinary teams in the assurance of sustainability reports. However, how such teams are composed or the values that these teams bring to the assurance engagement process, and how reliance is established on the work performed by such teams has been left uncovered. This research sought to fill this gap, and hence, contributed to providing an understanding surrounding this issue. Semi-structured interviews with auditors from the Big Four Audit firms, engaged with performing sustainability assurance was conducted. The findings revealed that the engagement of multi-disciplinary teams, comprising both financial accountants and sustainability specialists from various disciplines, was necessary in ensuring quality assurance work performance. Firstly, the in-depth knowledge of sustainability subject matters possessed by the sustainability experts, enabled the questioning of the correctness of sustainability items reported by the clients. Secondly, sustainability experts were valuable in the planning stage of the engagement, in identifying client risk areas. Thirdly, sustainability expert involvement, enabled the winning of work contracts. Additionally, the engagement of multi-disciplinary teams was revealed to be valuable to the client firms. Firstly, the sustainability experts assisted clients in identifying the most valuable issues to report to their stakeholders. Secondly, due to the expert’s knowledge and experience, it enabled them to inform clients on high reporting levels. Finally, sustainability experts provided clients with valuable feedback that aids the improvement of the client processes, and the management of risks. The establishment of reliance on the work performed by the teams, requiring an accountant to signoff every engagement work performed by the team, as required by the applicable assurance standards, was partially supported by this study. Sustainability experts, who were non-accountants, was revealed to be engaged in this signing off ritual, hence, leaving room for the questioning of such assurance engagements signed off by sustainability experts.
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Mitchell, Geoffrey Keith. "The effect of case conferences between general practitioners and palliative care specialist teams on the quality of life of dying people /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18557.pdf.
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Jidemyr, Elin, and Taru Nurmela. ""The language of medicine is ill and in need of care" : A word comprehension study of Sörmland County Council website terms." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12922.
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This study was performed in Eskilstuna, Sweden in the spring of 2011. The Sörmland CountyCouncil (SCC) initiated the study to improve the communication with the public by adjustingthe language on its website. The website is an important communicative tool since manypeople search for health care information online. Thirty-six terms on the website of the SCCwere the objects of study, a majority of them being names of the departments atMälarsjukhuset Hospital. The departments are presented as a list of links on the website. Fouradditional medical terms were included. The comprehension of the 36 terms was investigatedamong 210 health care centre visitors in Eskilstuna. A questionnaire was used where theinformants were asked to shortly explain what health care issues are dealt with in the differentdepartments. The understanding varied greatly among the terms, from Klinisk fysiologi ochnukleärmedicin (clinical physiology and nuclear medicine/Clinical physics and nuclearmedicine) which only 14.6% of the informants understood to Ögon (eyes/Ophthalmology)which was understood by 92.98%. Seven of the terms were understood by less than 50% ofthe informants. The recommendation of the study to the SCC was to replace terms that werehard to understand to direct the website visitors to the information they are looking for andalso to review the language in all written communication with this study in mind.
Books on the topic "Specialised terms"
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Marzá, Nuria Edo. The specialised lexicographical approach: A step further in dictionary-making. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.
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The specialised lexicographical approach: A step further in dictionary-making. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Marzá, Nuria Edo. The specialised lexicographical approach: A step further in dictionary-making. Bern: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Akademie muzických umění v Praze. Fakulta divadelní., ed. Česko-anglický a anglicko-český odborný slovník divadelních výrazů a výrazů z uměleckých řemesel =: Czech-English and English-Czech specialised dictionary of theatrical terms and the vocabulary of applied art. Praha: Vydala Akademie muzických umění v Praze, Divadelní fakulta, 2001.
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Information specialist as team player in the research process. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1985.
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Steve, Leonard, ed. Electronic music dictionary: A glossary of the specialized terms relating to the music and sound technology of today. Milwaukee, WI, U.S.A: H. Leonard Books, 1988.
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Coster, Marc de. Woordenboek van eufemismen en politiek correct taalgebruik. Amsterdam: Veen, 2001.
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Bredel, Ralf. Long-term conflict prevention and industrial development: The United Nations and its specialized agency, UNIDO. Leiden: Maritinus Nijhoff, 2003.
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Ginzburg, Sergey. English-Russian explanatory dictionary of hockey terms. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24257.
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The dictionary contains more than 5000 eponymous, acronymic and figurative terms used in such a modern and popular sport in Russia and abroad as ice hockey. Special attention is paid to terms from the field of game technology, its history and rules. The dictionary includes figurative expressions that are actively used in modern hockey. Terminology from the field of sports medicine is widely presented-names of symptoms, syndromes, diseases, injuries that occur in hockey. The dictionary is provided with historical excursions-description of rules, traditions adopted in hockey, stories about famous players of the past, awards given in their honor. The dictionary also contains modern and historical names of hockey arenas in the world, indicating the names of the clubs that play on them, and the main technical characteristics of the arenas. The dictionary provides a wide range of typologies of hockey clubs currently playing and clubs that have become history.
The publication contains a large number of examples of the use of hockey terms in modern sports journalism and scientific literature. These examples are taken from articles by North American sports journalists describing each national hockey League championship game. The book is based on more than thirty years of experience of the author-a professional translator who has been a passionate fan of ice hockey since childhood.
The dictionary is intended for students of higher educational institutions who are studying in bachelor's and master's degrees in the areas of Linguistics, Journalism, Philology, International relations, Advertising and public relations, and Physical culture, as well as for teachers of these areas. This dictionary can also be useful for professional hockey players, coaches, referees, hockey commentators, and specialists. The publication will also be of interest to a wide range of readers who are interested in such a popular and actively developing sport around the world as ice hockey.
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Ciappei, Cristiano, ed. Innovazione e brokeraggio tecnologico. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-983-0.
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This book is designed to furnish Italian literature with an insight into the significance and the role of knowledge transfer, and in particular of technological brokerage. The idea is that, in the present-day world, dominated by a technology and knowledge available to an increasingly large number of people, enterprises are called upon to reconfigure the concept of innovation, expanding in even geographical terms the quest for solutions that aim at creating an exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge. To respond to the need for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration between enterprises and the use of brokers appears to be the easiest solution. This can contribute to reducing the inefficacy of the markets and hence to facilitating the technological transactions. In this context the role of the brokers is fundamental in the knowledge markets in general, and in particular in that of technology, spawned by the need for an increasingly complex brokerage of knowledge, between applicant and user. In traditional markets, in effect, transactions can be conducted directly by the enterprises and may deal with current or future technology, but there is also the possibility of indirect transactions, involving the intermediation of specialised brokers. The emergence of these brokers is due to the frequent presence of structural gaps in the real markets which do not permit the normal flow of information: in practice, it is rare for every agent in a market to be connected with all the other agents that may important for him.
Book chapters on the topic "Specialised terms"
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Rossi, Micaela. "Chapter 8. Terminological metaphors and the nomadism of specialised terms." In Terminology and Lexicography Research and Practice, 181–212. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tlrp.18.08ros.
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Anderson, Jesse. "Specialized Staff." In Data Teams, 83–93. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6228-3_6.
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ten Hacken, Pius. "Terms and specialized vocabulary." In Handbook of Terminology, 3–13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hot.1.01ter1.
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ten Hacken, Pius. "Terms and specialized vocabulary." In Handbook of Terminology, 3–13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hot.1.ter1.
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Stockinger, Peter. "Glossary of Specialized Terms." In Audiovisual Archives, 307–36. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118561980.oth2.
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Stockinger, Peter. "Glossary of Specialized Terms." In Digital Audiovisual Archives, 247–70. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118561997.oth1.
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Stockinger, Peter. "Glossary of Specialized Terms." In Introduction to Audiovisual Archives, 243–62. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118562048.oth1.
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Carr, Peter J., and Nancy L. Moureau. "Specialized Vascular Access Teams." In Vessel Health and Preservation: The Right Approach for Vascular Access, 59–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03149-7_5.
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Deedman, Cal, Daphne Gelbart, and Morris Coleman. "Slate: Specialized Legal Automated Term Extraction." In Database and Expert Systems Applications, 133–37. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7557-6_23.
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Cacchione, Pamela Z., and Reshma Shah. "Nurse Practitioners, Clinical Nurse Specialists, and Physician Assistants." In Post-Acute and Long-Term Medicine, 91–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16979-8_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Specialised terms"
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Hann, Christopher E., J. Geoffrey Chase, Crispen Berg, Richard G. Brown, Rodney B. Elliott, and XiaoQi Chen. "Specialised Image Capture Systems for a DIET Breast Cancer Screening System." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34261.
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Digital Image-based Elasto-Tomography (DIET) is an emerging technology for non-invasive breast cancer screening. This technology actuates breast tissue and measures the surface motion using digital imaging technology. The internal distribution of stiffness is then reconstructed using Boundary Element or Finite Element Methods (FEM or BEM). However, obtaining accurate imaging at high frequency and high resolution in terms of numbers of pixels is challenging if enough accuracy is to be obtained in the motion sensing to deliver a useful result. The overall focus of such mechatronic and digitally centred systems is on providing a low-cost, radiation dose-free and portable screening system capable of screening numerous patients per day — in direct contrast to current low throughput, non-portable and high cost x-ray and MRI based approaches. Thus, DIET technology relies on obtaining high resolution images of a breasts surface under high frequency actuation, typically in the range of 50–100Hz. Off-the-shelf digital cameras and imaging elements are unable to capture images directly at these speeds. A method is presented for obtaining the required high speed image capture at a resolution of 1280×1024 pixels and actuation frequency of 100Hz. The prototype apparatus presented uses two imaging sensors in combination with frame grabbers and a dSpace™ control system, to produce an automated image capture system. The system integrates a precision controlled strobe lighting system to selectively capture sinusoids at different points in the sinusoidal cycle of response. The final working system produced images that enabled effective 3D motion tracking of the surface of a silicon phantom actuated at 100Hz. The surface of the phantom was strobed at pre-selected phases from 0 to 360 degrees, and an image was captured for each phase. The times at which image capture occurred were calculated for a phase lag increment of 10 degrees resulting in an image effectively every 0.00028s for the actuator cycle of 0.01s. The comparison of the actual trigger times and pre-selected ideal trigger times gave a mean absolute error of 1.4%, thus demonstrating the accuracy of the final system. Final validation is performed using this system to track motion in a silicon gel phantom. The motion is tracked accurately using a novel Euclidean Invariant signature method. Both cameras delivered similar results with over 90% of points tracked to within 1–2%. This level of accuracy confirms the ability to effectively accurately reconstruct the stiffness as validated in other related studies.
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Hernández-Orallo, José, Fernando Martínez-Plumed, Ute Schmid, Michael Siebers, and David Dowe. "Computer Models Solving Intelligence Test Problems: Progress and Implications (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/711.
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While some computational models of intelligence test problems were proposed throughout the second half of the XXth century, in the first years of the XXIst century we have seen an increasing number of computer systems being able to score well on particular intelligence test tasks. However, despitethis increasing trend there has been no general account of all these works in terms of how theyrelate to each other and what their real achievements are. In this paper, we provide some insighton these issues by giving a comprehensive account of about thirty computer models, from the 1960sto nowadays, and their relationships, focussing on the range of intelligence test tasks they address, thepurpose of the models, how general or specialised these models are, the AI techniques they use in eachcase, their comparison with human performance, and their evaluation of item difficulty.
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Kyprianidis, Konstantinos G., Tomas Grönstedt, and João R. Barbosa. "Lessons Learned From the Development of Courses on Gas Turbine Multi-Disciplinary Conceptual Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-70095.
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Despite the need for highly qualified experts, multi-disciplinary gas turbine conceptual design has not been a common study topic in traditional post-graduate curriculums. Although many courses on specialised topics in gas turbine technology take place, limited attention is given on connecting these individual topics to the overall engine design process. Teaching conceptual design as part of a post-graduate curriculum, or as an intensive short course, may help to address the industrial need for engineers with early qualifications on the topic i.e., prior to starting their careers in the gas turbine industry. This paper presents details and lessons learned from: (i) the integration of different elements of conceptual design in an existing traditional MSc course on gas turbine technology through the introduction of group design tasks, and (ii) the development of an intensive course on gas turbine multi-disciplinary conceptual design as a result of an international cooperation between academia and industry. Within the latter course, the students were grouped in competing teams and were asked to produce their own gas turbine conceptual design proposals within a given set of functional requirements. The main concept behind the development of the new design tasks, and the new intensive course, has been to effectively mimic the dynamics of small conceptual design teams, as often encountered in industry. The results presented are very encouraging, in terms of enhancing student learning and developing engineering skills.
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Sycara and Lewis. "Modeling teams of specialists." In Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE Comput. Soc. Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1994.323488.
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Tyumentseva, Elena Vladimirovna. "Functioning Of Terms On Material Of Specialized Scientific Texts." In SCTCGM 2018 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.02.275.
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Gerow, Aaron. "Extracting Clusters of Specialist Terms from Unstructured Text." In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/d14-1149.
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Lim, Serena, Kayvan Pazouki, and Alan J. Murphy. "Holistic Energy Mapping Methodology for Reduced Fuel Consumption and Emissions." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61945.
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There are increasing concerns and regulations regarding the emission of pollutants from shipping. Therefore, regulations such as the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) have been made mandatory to cope with climate change concerns. To put these efforts into practice, the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) was introduced in 2009 to account for the fuel consumption, distance travelled by the vessel and cargo mass. However, it is stated that these do not apply to ships that are not engaged in transport work such as research vessels and tugboats. These short sea shipping vessels have been neglected under current indexes and it is not possible for their properties to be quantified since current indices are for vessels carrying loads. The numbers of these specialised vessels are increasing in local waters, and are closer to coastal communities where concerns and impact from these pollutants would be more direct. In the IMO greenhouse gas study, options for improving energy efficiency in terms of design includes the concept, design speed and capability, hull and superstructure, power and propulsion whilst the principle of energy efficiency in terms of operation includes fleet management, logistics and incentives, voyage optimisation and energy management. A reliable energy flow breakdown architecture and diagnostics for these smaller vessels is important and will contribute to an understanding of the energy production, distribution and consumption on-board. This feeds into the IMO plan to encourage energy management. A systematic approach consisting of five distinct stages is recommended to accomplish a holistic approach for energy efficiency management. This includes understanding of energy flow breakdown architecture, vessel survey to understand operation and conduct, review existing sensors and new sensor installation, sensor communication and data processing, and finally data analysis. These stages are addressed in this paper to provide an overall understanding of a robust energy efficiency audit procedure and sensor matrix. This includes unifying the existing on-board sensors with the proposed new sensors for additional data collection where primary parameters are not readily available. Inferred secondary parameter calculations are also applied where direct data collection is not possible. This will allow information from the vessel to be transmitted to a common platform to enable detailed data analysis. The aim of this work is to improve energy management and monitoring, which leads to understanding and managing consumption of energy. A case study of this methodology has been carried out on the Princess Royal, a Newcastle University research vessel. Recommendations for further testing and optimisation of this methodology will be applied to tugboats and Offshore Supply Vessels (OSV).
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Deleflie, Florent J., Jérôme Daquin, Elisa Maria Alessi, Alesandro R. Rossi, AAron J. Rosengren, and Michel Capderou. "Long term evolution of the eccentricity in the MEO region: extraction of the most significant terms from the potential expression." In AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-5430.
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Dudar, Zoya, and Ilona Revenchuk. "Training of Specialists in Radio Electronics in Terms of Bologna Process." In 2006 International Conference - Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications, and Computer Science. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcset.2006.4404703.
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Amado, Ulisses Dias, and Carlos Freitas. "The Use of Geographic Information System to Managing Results of ILI (Inline Inspections) and Repairs in Transpetro’s Pipelines." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10569.
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It is quite significant the effort given by firms to utilize all of the GIS potential. The GIS is more than a mapping information system, it is a powerful management device that should be explored to add value to firm’s management efforts. It is by fact that with the advances in new information technology, aligned with the facilities of the Internet has significantly contributed to push forward GIS projects into big firms. GIS has also become the new aim to software suppliers worldwide. TRANSPETRO has been investing heavily in geo-processing technology to guarantee a technological competitive edge. The firm believes that Geographical Information Systems will be an important contributor to the improvement of its management efforts on their terminals and pipeline network. The use of intelligent tools (smart pig) for inspections of pipelines’ integrity (ILI inspection) has been intensified by those advanced technologies observed in this specialized activity. In general, right after the reports of the inspections, the results are analyzed thoroughly by qualified professionals in this area. These specialists are responsible for attesting the results supplied by consultants that execute the inspection in the fields. Those reports and results are constantly checked by field correlations involving a number of inspection teams. Once accepted, the database is carefully analysed through technical criteria involving the severity of the defects indicated in the internal and external surfaces of the pipeline. The use of GIS tools for this kind of analysis is extremely important because it also allows specialist to analyze every kind of geographical data, such as rivers and sensitive environmental areas, among others. When those tests are finally finished a repair order is sent to the field professionals. Once again, the use of GIS is extremely important for support those locations of interference areas as well as the planning of the interventions in the roads, channels or points to be repaired. All of those actions, defects analyzed and the field applications are perfectly managed by the GIS technology, storing all of those strategic information in the database of Transpetro’s specialists. In this paper we intend to present the applications of this technology that analyzes the intelligent tools (smart pig) results in the field works with the GIS developed by Transpetro.
Reports on the topic "Specialised terms"
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Pradeep Kumar, Kaavya. Climate Change Glossary. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ccgemthk02.2021.
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Climate change is a complex subject with terms and definitions that can seem overwhelming to non-specialists. What is ‘albedo’? What does ‘radiative forcing’ mean? What does ‘geoengineering’ entail? As climate change impacts grow more frequent and intense, it is critical that journalists, in particular, are equipped with the right information when they report. This set of open-access multilingual glossaries aim to bridge the gap between research and the general public by compiling this comprehensive list of most frequently-used terms related to climate change. A majority of these terms have been sourced from the different IPCC reports as well as public platforms such as the BBC and the Climate Reality Project.
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Martinez, Cindy, and Micah Musser. U.S. Demand for Talent at the Intersection of AI and Cybersecurity. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2020ca009.
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As demand for cybersecurity experts in the United States has grown faster than the supply of qualified workers, some organizations have turned to artificial intelligence to bolster their overwhelmed cyber teams. Organizations may opt for distinct teams that specialize exclusively in AI or cybersecurity, but there is a benefit to having employees with overlapping experience in both domains. This data brief analyzes hiring demand for individuals with a combination of AI and cybersecurity skills.
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Grunwaldt, Alfred, Marie-Lena Glass, and Nancy McCarthy. Identification of Climate Resilience Opportunities and Metrics in Financing Operations: A Technical Reference Document for IDB Project Teams. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003432.
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As development financiers strive to implement climate adaptation measures that are effective and consistent with countries climate-resilient development pathways in line with the Paris Agreement, there is an urgent and increasing need to reduce vulnerability to climate variability and climate change, ensure that development operations are climate-resilient, particularly promote development operations that build climate resilience, and to monitor and evaluate the success of these measures. Given this need, the objective of this document is to provide a general conceptual framework to guide IDB project teams from different sectors in how to identify climate resilience opportunities and define indicators at the project level that will facilitate the monitoring and assessment of climate resilience results. With the conceptual framework presented in this document, the IDB aims to (1) lay the conceptual foundations to seize climate resilience opportunities in development projects by presenting definitions and examples for climate resilience elements and capacities as a basis for a conceptual climate resilience metrics framework and (2) guide sectorial specialists in identifying output and outcome indicators to monitor climate resilience results at the project level and to later evaluate the effectiveness of implemented adaptation and climate resilience activities.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Validation of Multispectral Imaging (MSI) technology for food and feed analysis. Food Standards Agency, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zcr161.
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The current testing environment for food and feed samples is complex and uses a wide variety of analytical technologies that range from chemical to PCR-based. Whilst these approaches can be deemed fit for purpose in terms of their final analytical result, they tend to be highly specialised and require considerable frontend processing to ensure that the target analyte can be reliably detected and quantified. These combined sample processing and analytical requirements typically impact on testing times and have associated cost implications that must be factored into routine testing and monitoring applications. MSI uses multiple discrete and informative wavelengths covering regions such as the UV and near infra-red spectrum to quickly determine surface colour, texture and possible chemical composition. Compared to traditional molecular biology approaches utilising DNA extraction followed by PCR-based analyses, MSI can simplify and reduce the time/costs associated with sample analysis. It is rapid and non-destructive.
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TOURISTIC INDUSTRY SPECIALISTS PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES FORMATION IN TERMS OF SPECIALLY SECURED NATURAL TERRITORIES. Tretyakova T.N.,Malyzhenko M.N., September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/01_1111_43.
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