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Journal articles on the topic 'Specialization index'
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Chen, Jing. "The Impact of Cluster Diversity on Economic Performance in U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas." Economic Development Quarterly 34, no. 1 (2019): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242419892338.
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Conventional wisdom indicates that economic specialization can promote growth, whereas economic stability is associated with diversified economies. This conflicting relationship between specialization and diversity has been questioned, as regional scientists have suggested that specialization and diversity can coexist in a regional economy and proposed the concept of diversified specializations. To test this proposition empirically, two Herfindahl–Hirschman Indices were used to examine the relationship between economic diversity and economic performance among 359 metropolitan statistical areas in the contiguous United States. The first index measures industry diversity across 87 three-digit North American Industry Classification Systems sectors, and the second index quantifies cluster diversity among 51 economic specializations. This analysis confirms that cluster diversity contributes to both stability and growth, and regions can simultaneously pursue both high and stable economic growth.
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PANDA, SIDHESWAR, and RUCHI SHARMA. "DOES TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION SPUR HIGH-TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL QUANTILE REGRESSIONS." Global Economy Journal 20, no. 02 (2020): 2050013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s219456592050013x.
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In view of the technological advances made by emerging economies, we revisit the role of technological specializations of different economies in determining their exports. Employing revealed technological advantage (RTA) index and revealed symmetric technological advantage (RSTA) index, this study explores the technological specialization of countries in different fields and its contribution to high-technology exports. Technological specializations are operationalized using patent data and further analyzed in context of country’s exports data of 63 countries during 2000–2013. Using panel quantile regressions analysis, this paper finds that technological specialization determines the export performance of countries in different categories. We find that middle-income countries are among the top countries with respect to few fields of technological specializations. Hence, there is a need to change the perspective whereby developing countries are viewed as mere technological follower. This finding has an implication for the role of patents in technological specialization and export performance, both of which are important factors in international competitiveness.
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Md, Ekram Hossain, Dechun HUANG, ZHANG Changzheng, Nickson Neequaye Ebenezer, Thi Van Vu, and Ali Mohammad. "Trade Deficit of Bangladesh with China: Patterns, Propensity and Policy Implications." ec 4, no. 3 (2021): 34–51. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.04.03.367.
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This paper aims to examine export, import and trade intensity, export specialization index, Herfindahl-Hirschman index for bilateral concentration and diversification indices to analyze the specializations, structure and trends of deficit in bilateral trade between Bangladesh and China from 1995 to 2018 and policy recommendations in this regard. The results reveal that the gap of export and import intensity between Bangladesh and China is widening rapidly perennial. The export specialization indices expose very significant outcomes where among the analyzed 16 sectors; 6 sectors exhibit high specialization, 3 sectors demonstrate medium, 3 sectors exhibit low and the rest of the 4 sectors disclose no specialization for Bangladesh’s export to China. The findings of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) reveal that from 1995 to 2010 the export of Bangladesh to China concentrated within few sectors but from the year 2011 to 2018 the export has been reclassifying steadily into diversification. The overall analysis of the indices suggests the necessity to be improved of the level of intra-industry trade between China and Bangladesh. Moreover, emphasis should be given to the sectors having a high specialization that endure the capacity to narrow the trade deficit. Furthermore, the export baskets of Bangladesh to China require to be diversified. Hereafter, various measures and implications are also suggested in the policy recommendation for further improvement.
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Kaivo-oja, Jari, Saku Vähäsantanen, Ari Karppinen, and Teemu Haukioja. "Smart Specialization Strategy and its Operationalization in the Regional Policy: Case Finland." Business, Management and Education 15, no. 1 (2017): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2017.362.
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In the European Union, smart specialization is an important concept in regional policy. Its primary aim is to achieve inclusive and sustainable economic growth. There is a lack of convenient region specific measures to operationalize smart specialization startegies (S3). The purpose of the paper is to find “indices of smart specialization” on a regional level. We propose indices that are based on (1) the rate of industrial diversification, (2) revealed comparative advantage and (3) regions’ overall relative specialization. In the empirical part, we analyze smart specialization in Finland using structural data provided by Statistics Finland for seventy sub-regions (LAU1) and 24 sub-industries in manufacturing. These industries are the most important for exports, productivity, and regional economic performance for a small country. The following indices are used in empirical evaluations: Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for regional diversity, Balassa-Hoover Index (BHI) for revealed comparative advantage, and Region’s Relative Specialization Index (RRSI) for aggregate regional specialization differences. The concept of smart specialization is related to these measures. Index analyses reveal that many growing sub-regions have similar comparative advantages. This means inter-regional synergy, and it enables opportunities for strategic cooperation between regions. To develop smart specialization strategies for Europe’s regions, we need these kinds of empirical knowledge-based management tools and planning approaches.
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Salz, Ronald J., David K. Loomis, and Kelly L. Finn. "Development and Validation of a Specialization Index and Testing of Specialization Theory." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 6, no. 4 (2001): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/108712001753473939.
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Sierminska, Eva, and Ronald L. Oaxaca. "Field Specializations among Beginning Economists: Are There Gender Differences?" AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 1, 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211030.
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We examine the process underlying field specialization among beginning economists. Our multivariate logit framework accommodates single-and dual-field specializations with correlated choices. Including field-specific relative salaries and expected probabilities of academic employment is a novel aspect of this research. After conditioning on personal, economic, and institutional variables, we find that women graduate students are less likely to specialize in labor/health, macro/finance, industrial organization, public economics, and development/growth/international fields and are more likely to specialize in agricultural/resource/environmental fields. The Duncan dissimilarity index suggests that 14 percent of either sex would have to change specialization in order to achieve complete parity.
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Adam, Maryam Mustapha. "Trade Specialization Index of Nigeria and Qatar: Mineral Fuels and Vehicles." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 12 (2024): 3495–501. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.1224.250113.
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SU, Hongjian. "Urban Specialization of Chinese Cities." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 06, no. 01 (2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748118500057.
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The extent of urban specialization is closely related to urban development level. This paper distinguishes relative specialization and absolute specialization in terms of their connotations and measurement methods, and examines functional specialization in general. Using data on prefecture-and-above cities in China, this paper also reviews the characteristics of indicators of urban specialization in China. The findings are as follows. There exists a [Formula: see text]-shaped relationship between the relative specialization index and city size and income level; the absolute specialization index shows a significant negative correlation with city size and a significant positive correlation with income level. Functional specialization coefficient and city size manifest a significant positive correlation; there is clear division of functions among city clusters, and functional specialization coefficient is significantly related to administrative level of cities. Finally, from the perspective of functional division and specialization of cities (city clusters), this paper makes the proposition of coordinating the spatial, scale and industrial structures of Chinese cities.
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Rusali, Mirela-Adriana. "ASSESSMENTS AND DYNAMICS OF TRADE SPECIALIZATION OF AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS EMPIRIC EVIDENCES FROM ROMANIA." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 4, no. 1 (2012): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/12.04.57.
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Research has focused on the analysis of the Romania’s agri-food comparative advantages based on the indices of trade specialization assessed pre- and post-accession to the EU. The method of calculation of the specialization degree index used the original Lafay index adapted on the agricultural sector. The index allows the assessment of the contribution of each product in relation to the corresponding importance in trade, which provides the ranking of products by their level of competitiveness on the international markets. The index measures the contribution of each Romanian agricultural product, aggregated by the chapters of the Combined Nomenclature at 2 digit aggregation level, to the total agri-food trade, within the period 2004-2010. The research results indicate, for the analyzed period, a decrease of the specialization level and a loss in trade diversification of the Romanian products. The detailed results provide a hierarchy of the agri-food products in relation to the highest specialization level demonstrated in Romania’s foreign trade relations. Key words: agri-food trade, competitiveness, specialization index.
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Starodubova, Anna, Dinara Iskhakova, and Chulpan Misbakhova. "Analysis of the global market of technologies in the field of collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701005.
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The authors propose a method for evaluating the market of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste. The novelty of the study is classification of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste. It is base on the principles of “Circular Economy”. The authors proposed an algorithm for calculating the specialization index of technologies. A patent search for calculating the specialization index performed based on this classification. The author’s method was the analysis of 17 countries at the beginning of 2021. These countries are owners of patents of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste. The study reveals that the global market of technologies for the collection, sorting and recycling of polymer waste is formed only by 50% of the average level of the specialization index. The leaders in the specialization index are the USA, China and European Union. This evaluation of market allows us to determine the effectiveness of the waste management strategy. The authors offer two options. For countries with high specialization index, we suggest the strategy of differentiation. This strategy is to develop a comprehensive technology of plastic waste management. For countries with a low specialization index, we suggest the strategy of focusing. This strategy is to develop novel technologies on the basis of “Circular Economy”.
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Xia, Lei, and Jin Yu Hu. "Analysis on the Relationship between Specialization and Innovation of Technology in Chinese Cities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1577.
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Specialization refers to externalities of the specialization in the form of industrial agglomeration. We pick up the data of 198 prefecture-level cities of China during the years 2007-2009 from the view of the effects of spillover of technology, in order to calculate the specialization index and analyze its features, and finally we study on the data to find out how specialization and diversity can make a contribution to the innovation of civil technology theoretically and practically and make suggestions on the corresponding policies as well. The results suggest that:(1) The relatively specialized industries in the cities of China is stable, and the specialization index of the cities who possess abundant natural resources such as the industries of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and mining is even higher, meanwhile the capital cities own a higher diversity index. (2) Both of educational expense and GDP affect the innovation of urban technology positively and significantly.
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Bernatonyte, Dalia. "Estimation of export specialization: Lithuanian case." Equilibrium 10, no. 3 (2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.028.
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This paper investigates the nature and pattern of export specialization in Lithuania. The aim of this paper is to estimate the nature and pattern of Lithuanian export specialization under the existing conditions. Seeking to define the nature and pattern of export specialization, the basic methods of export specialization measurement and the nature and pattern of export specialization in trade between Lithuania and the EU are determined. For measurement of the pattern of export specialization in Lithuania two approaches are adopted. The index of export specialization is used to determine the pattern of comparative advantage. Secondly, trade dissimilarity index is used to predict structural changes in Lithuanian exports. Using these methods of measurement and standard international trade classification (SITC), the nature and pattern of Lithuanian export specialization was determined. It was found that the biggest flows from Lithuania to the EU are in the following groups: food, drink and tobacco; raw materials; mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials. These calculation results show the main directions of nature and pattern of export specialization. This research could be useful for preparing and forecasting the possibilities of Lithuanian export development.
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ERKAN, Birol, and Elif Tuğçe BOZDUMAN. "How did the multi-fiber agreement affect the level of specialization in the textile sector of the countries?" Tekstil ve Mühendis 27, no. 120 (2020): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/1300759920202712008.
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This paper aims to reveal the effects of the Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA), which determines the course of the textile trade and the global competition on countries' levels of specialization. In this perspective, we analyze the levels of specialization (competition) of the 10 countries whose exports were the highest in the sector before and after the complete abolition of quotas in a comparatively. In the analyses, we use the Index of Contribution to Trade Balance (ICBT), the Export-Import Ratio Index (EIRI) and the Michaely Index (MI) to measure the progress of countries' level of specialization in the sector by years. All of these indices indicate that the highest levels of specialization in the sector were Pakistan, India and Turkey before the end of the MFA. After 2005, when quotas were completely eliminated, China and Hong Kong increased their level of expertise in the sector and separated positively from other countries. In this context, China achieved a global competitive advantage in the sector, especially with high level of specialization.
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Miletic, Radmila. "Regional specialization in serbia during the period 2001-2015." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 72, no. 1 (2022): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2201067m.
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In this paper, the specialization of regional economic structures-regional specialization in Serbia is analyzed by areas NUTS 3 level (oblasti) in the period 2001-2015 by using the Herfindahl index (indicator of absolute specialization) and Krugman specialization index (indicator of relative specialization). Cross-region analysis shows that the sectoral structure of activities by areas have converged (a decline in the degree of regional absolute specialization), and at the same time they became dissimilar in relation to the sectoral structure on the national level (an increase in the degree of regional relative specialization). As well as in other post-socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe a change of employment structure by economic activities was initiated by intensive deindustrialization and, consequently, tertiarization, relocation of employment to service activities. A comparative analysis of research results of regional specialization in Serbia with research in several new EU member states, has shown similarities, particularly in regard to the decrease of regional absolute specialization and representation of different sectoral structures in the region of capital relative to other regions in the national context. As well as in CEE, the transition process in Serbia has additionally emphasized the polarized and spatially different pattern of regional development.
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Bergier, Józef, and Leszek Wojciechowski. "Differentiation of physical activity of prison service officers according to job specialization." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 26, no. 77 (2017): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7112.
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Study aim. The proper physical activity of prison staff is an indispensable component of their professional work. The purpose of the study was to: identify the level of physical activity of offi cers employed in the security department – protective specialization and others – administrative specialization, and demonstrate differences in their: free time, self-evaluation of physical fi tness, number of performed sports disciplines and BMI. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2015 among 100 employees of the Biała Podlaska Penitentiary using the long-standing IPAQ questionnaire supplemented with original questions regarding amount of free time, self-evaluation of physical fi tness, number of performed sports as well as height and body mass. Results. In the distinguished groups of prison service offi cers (protective and administrative specializations), the desired direction of differences in physical activity was demonstrated in the absence of their relevance. Similar relationships were found in other positive health and lifestyle indicators. In this range of differences, attention is given to high body mass index (BMI), especially in the administrative specialization. Conclusions. 1. The offi cers of both specializations are characterized by high levels of physical activity. 2. The small number of performed sports appears to be a less favourable fact. 3. The occurrence of obesity in administrators should be a signal to implement lifestyle changes, including greater concern for physical activity and nutrition.
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PINTO, Camila dos Santos, Mygre Lopes da SILVA, and Rodrigo Abbade da SILVA. "SPECIALIZATION STANDARD OF URUGUAY EXPORTS." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 14, no. 40 (2023): 429–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7869436.
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This research aims to analyze the pattern of specialization of Uruguay's exports in the period 2005 to 2018. Specifically, it intends to analyze the pattern of specialization of Uruguayan exports, the composition of the export basket and the main trading partners. To this end, three competitiveness indicators were used: Import Coverage Ratio, Intraindustry Trade Index and Concentration Index of Exports. Data were collected from the United Nations International Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade). Based on the indicators analyzed, it is suggested that the Uruguayan international trade pattern is based on comparative advantages identified in the sectors that produce basic or manufactured agricultural products, especially meat, dairy products and poorly processed wood. Likewise, Uruguayan intra-industrial trade is restricted to sectors of low technological intensity. Thus, the Uruguayan export basket can be characterized as undiversified and unsophisticated, corresponding to the role of producer and exporter of food and raw materials in the international division of labor.
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Amador, João, Sónia Cabral, and José R. Maria. "A Simple Cross-Country Index of Trade Specialization." Open Economies Review 22, no. 3 (2009): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11079-009-9130-z.
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Madinah, A., F. Abang, A. Mariana, M.T. Abdullah, and J. Mohd-Azlan. "Interaction of ectoparasites-small mammals in tropical rainforest of Malaysia." Community Ecology 15, no. 1 (2014): 113–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13512542.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The literature regarding the diversity of ectoparasites and their interaction with their hosts remains largely inadequate in Malaysian tropical rainforest. We investigate the interaction patterns and specialization of ectoparasites infesting terrestrial small mammals (rodents and scandents) in Peninsular and Malaysian Borneo from samples made in 16 localities between 2008 and 2010. A total of 3,235 individuals of ectoparasites were collected during field surveys, resulting in an interaction network involving 47 ectoparasites that were distributed on 23 species of small mammals. The overall specialization index H2' of all ectoparasites and host species was 0.67 which was considered moderate. Ticks appeared to be generalist with specialization index (H2' = 0.35) while lice showed higher specialization (H2' = 1) in selecting host species. The most diverse parasite assemblage was found on S. muelleri (Hs_w = 1.96). Specialization indices among ectoparasite species (dp) ranged from 0.03 to 1 while the indices among host species (dh) ranged from 0.20 to 1. Incomplete field data may have contributed to the high specialization indices. This study is significant as it can enhance our understanding the emergence and management of potential zoonotic diseases in Malaysia.
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Madinah, A., F. Abang, A. Mariana, M.T. Abdullah, and J. Mohd-Azlan. "Interaction of ectoparasites-small mammals in tropical rainforest of Malaysia." Community Ecology 15, no. 1 (2014): 113–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13512542.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The literature regarding the diversity of ectoparasites and their interaction with their hosts remains largely inadequate in Malaysian tropical rainforest. We investigate the interaction patterns and specialization of ectoparasites infesting terrestrial small mammals (rodents and scandents) in Peninsular and Malaysian Borneo from samples made in 16 localities between 2008 and 2010. A total of 3,235 individuals of ectoparasites were collected during field surveys, resulting in an interaction network involving 47 ectoparasites that were distributed on 23 species of small mammals. The overall specialization index H2' of all ectoparasites and host species was 0.67 which was considered moderate. Ticks appeared to be generalist with specialization index (H2' = 0.35) while lice showed higher specialization (H2' = 1) in selecting host species. The most diverse parasite assemblage was found on S. muelleri (Hs_w = 1.96). Specialization indices among ectoparasite species (dp) ranged from 0.03 to 1 while the indices among host species (dh) ranged from 0.20 to 1. Incomplete field data may have contributed to the high specialization indices. This study is significant as it can enhance our understanding the emergence and management of potential zoonotic diseases in Malaysia.
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Firmansyah, Firmansyah, Wahyu Widodo, Karsinah Karsinah, and Shanty Oktavilia. "Export Performance and Competitiveness of Indonesian Food Commodities." JEJAK 10, no. 2 (2017): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i2.11294.
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The developments of the world trade requires the improvement of the competitiveness of products, including agricultural commodities. At the regional level, Indonesias agricultural commodities face the ASEAN free market competition. This study aims to identify and examine the competitiveness of Indonesian exports of several agricultural commodities in the international market by employing the index of competitiveness of trade specialization by trade specialization index (TSI), and the index of market penetration, by revealed comparative advantage (RCA). This study observed the HS 4 digit agricultural commodities, along 2011-2015. The study finds that the index of commodity trade specialization of estate crops sub-sector is in a stage of maturation of the world trade, or it has a very strong competitiveness. The food crops sub-sector stand on the introduction stage of the world trade or it has low competitiveness, or in other words, Indonesia is a net importer of the sector commodities. Although some of commodities have the strong competitiveness, but on the other hand, they do not have a strong comparative advantage. This is shown by the RCA value that less than 1. It means that a part of agricultural commodities, namely food crops, horticulture and estate, are still import oriented.The developments of the world trade requires the improvement of the competitiveness of products, including agricultural commodities. At the regional level, Indonesias agricultural commodities face the ASEAN free market competition. This study aims to identify and examine the competitiveness of Indonesian exports of several agricultural commodities in the international market by employing the index of competitiveness of trade specialization by trade specialization index (TSI), and the index of market penetration, by revealed comparative advantage (RCA). This study observed the HS 4 digit agricultural commodities, along 2011-2015. The study finds that the index of commodity trade specialization of estate crops sub-sector is in a stage of maturation of the world trade, or it has a very strong competitiveness. The food crops sub-sector stand on the introduction stage of the world trade or it has low competitiveness, or in other words, Indonesia is a net importer of the sector commodities. Although some of commodities have the strong competitiveness, but on the other hand, they do not have a strong comparative advantage. This is shown by the RCA value that less than 1. It means that a part of agricultural commodities, namely food crops, horticulture and estate, are still import oriented.
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Yorga Permana, Muhammad, Donald Crestofel Lantu, and Yulianto Suharto. "The effect of innovation and technological specialization on income inequality." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (2018): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.05.
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Using a panel of 28 European Union countries for the period 2003–2014, the authors provide empirical evidence for the relationship between innovation, technological specialization, and income inequality. The results of the fixed effect panel regressions show two important findings. Firstly, the positive link was found between innovation, as measured by patenting activities, and income inequality as measured by Gini index and the top 10% income shares of the richest. Secondly, the authors also found the positive correlation between technological specialization, as measured by the Coefficient of Variances (CV) of Revealed Technological Advantage Index, and income inequality. Overall, the study enriches the previous literature suggesting that innovation may increase the gap of income distribution through the mechanism of Skill-Biased Technical Change (SBTC) and the Schumpeterian view of entrepreneurial rent. More importantly, this study is the first which found that not only the level of innovation does matter to the income distribution, but also how the innovation activities are specialized or diversified. Concentrating the activities into few narrow sectors (i.e., increase technological specialization) may also lead to the increase of income inequality.
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Saramago, Mariana A., Jorge Cardoso, and Isabel Leal. "Predicting Sexual Offenders’ Specialization/Versatility: The Role of Impulsivity and Moral Reasoning." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 8 (2019): 986–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219878164.
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The main purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the predictive ability of impulsivity and moral reasoning on offending specialization/versatility. The latter was measured using the diversity index which calculates the amount of variation within an individual’s criminal history. The sample consisted of 88 individuals convicted of sexual offenses incarcerated in a Portuguese prison. Group comparisons and multiple linear regression analyses on untransformed and corrected versions of the diversity index were conducted. Overall, the different versions of the diversity index presented disparate results. Individuals were found to be generally alike, but those convicted of rape tended to be more versatile than those who molested extrafamilial children. Moral reasoning was the strongest predictor of offending specialization/versatility, while impulsivity was mostly not statistically significant. A better understanding of these predictors’ roles on offending specialization/versatility, as it relates to recidivism, is important to tailor successful interventions.
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Shuai, Ling-Ying, Di Meng, Wan-Lan Ma, et al. "Ecological Correlates of Ecological Specialization of Avian Communities in University Campuses of China." Biology 14, no. 5 (2025): 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14050570.
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With the rapid process of urbanization at a global scale, university campuses have been viewed as important urban green spaces for biodiversity conservation. However, little is known about the role of university campuses in protecting ecological specialists, the species usually vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. We assessed the associations between several ecological variates and ecological specialization of bird communities across 198 Chinese university campuses. A total of 398 bird species were recorded, including 109 diet specialist species and 104 foraging stratum specialist species. We found that the elevation of campuses was positively related to diet specialist species richness, and the campus area was positively related to foraging stratum specialist species richness. NDVI was positively associated with the community-wide foraging stratum specialization index, but negatively associated with the community-wide diet specialization index. Our results suggest that campuses with larger areas or located at high elevations play an important role in maintaining ecological specialization of bird communities.
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Pangarso, R. Agung, R. Suharyadi, and R. Rijanta. "The Spatial Patterns and Local Economic Determinant of Industrial Agglomeration in Semarang District, Indonesia." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 6, no. 2 (2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.6.2.99-112.
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Urbanization creates opportunities for Indonesia, potentially to boost economic growth and create vibrant cities (metropolitan). Urbanization and agglomeration economies should be an important element in Indonesia‘s development as a mid-income country. Manufacturing industry becomes a dominant economic sector in metropolitan area such as Semarang that shows urbanization-industrialization relationship. Industrial agglomeration potentially induces socio-economic changes in the region. To prepare these changes, it is important to understand the spatial dynamics of agglomeration and predict its determinants locally. This paper aims to answer questions related to the spatial patterns and determinants of industrial agglomeration in Semarang Regency, a periphery of Semarang metropolitan. Nearest Neighbor Analysis is used to identify spatial patterns, followed by Ellison and Glaeser Index to measure agglomeration strength, and Specialization Index to measure industrial specialization. Geographically Weighted Regression is used to identify determinants of agglomeration. Analysis uses geographical database of Large and Medium Industries in 2016 and related sub-district based data. Result shows 11 of 21 sub-sectors of industries geographically form clustered (agglomerated) pattern. Six of them are strongly agglomerated (most localized). High specializations in these six sub-sectors occur in 14 sub-districts. Result obtains a significant spatial regression model explains the effect of independent variables simultaneously occurring in three sub-sectors: beverages; wearing apparel; wood and products of wood and cork, except furniture, articles of straw and plaiting materials. Partially, industrial agglomeration by three sub-sector’s specializations in sub-district level is determined by variables: industrial employment; vocational school; Gross Regional Domestic Product; population; arterial road; agricultural land availability; and agricultural households.
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Apriani, Deassy, Feny Marissa, and Alghifari Mahdi Igamo. "Indonesian Coffee at The International Market." Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomika 17, no. 2 (2022): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jpe.v17i2.13983.
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The research was conducted to know the competitiveness of coffee in the international market both comparatively and competitively. Measuring the strength of competitiveness in this study was conducted based on comparative analysis (analysis of RCA index, Herfindahl and CR4 Index, and Trade Specialization Index / ISP) and to analyze the competitive advantage of Indonesian coffee (Berlin Porter'/ Porter's Diamond Theory theory) to see the demand and supply side of the market. The results of this study revealed that the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee is very strong supported by the average RCA value of 4.08, the Herfindahl Index which shows free competition and reveals that the market ratio includes low market concentration and Indonesia based on the Market Specialization Index including exporting countries.
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Conway, Meaghan, and Brian J. Olsen. "Contrasting drivers of diversification rates on islands and continents across three passerine families." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1915 (2019): 20191757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1757.
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Diversification rates vary greatly among taxa. Understanding how species-specific traits influence speciation rates will help elucidate mechanisms driving biodiversity over broad spatio-temporal scales. Ecological specialization and range size are two hypothesized drivers of speciation rates, yet each mechanism predicts both increases and decreases in speciation. We constructed a continuous index of specialization using avian bill morphology to determine the relative effect of specialization and range size and shape on speciation rates across 559 species within the Emberizoidea superfamily, a morphologically diverse New World clade. We found a significant positive correlation between specialization and speciation rate and a negative correlation with range size. Only the effect of specialization persisted after removing island endemics, however, suggesting that ecological specialization is an important driver of diversity across large macroevolutionary scales, and the relative importance of specific drivers may differ between islands and continents.
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Aljaninansya, Hapry, Sri Marwanti, and Umi Barokah. "Regional analysis of large chili commodities (Capsicum Annum L.) in Kolaka Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114, no. 1 (2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012060.
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Abstract This research is aimed at determining base commodity, analyzing the level of specialization and determining distribution of large chili commodities in the Kolaka Regency. The benefits of this research can be taken into consideration by the local government as a basis for decision making and regional development planning on large chili as a leading commodity in Kolaka Regency. The analytical methods used are location quotient, specialization index and localization index as an analytical method. The data of this research is secondary time series data for 2016-2020 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency of Kolaka Regency. The results showed that there are 6 sub-districts basic of large chili commodities. They are Toari subdistrict, Iwoimendaa, Kolaka, Latambaga, Wolo and Pomalaa. From the 6 subdistricts, they can meet the needs of large chili in their area and can export to other areas. Subsequently results of the analysis of the specialization index in 12 Districts have no specialization or no potential areas to develop chili commodities in Kolaka Regency. However, there is 1 subdistrict, namely Baula, which has a localization value close to 1 with a localization value of 0.966, which means that large chili commodities tend to develop compared to other regions.
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Capoani, Luigi, and Martini Piergiorgio. "The Role of Geographic and Sectoral Diversification, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index: Insights from Italian Provinces and Regions." Journal of Global Trade, Ethics and Law 2, no. 2 (2024): 73–106. https://doi.org/10.70150/wq5d0b20.
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This study examines the role of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and a new diversification index that integrates geographical and sectoral factors to analyze economic activities in Italian provinces. The research highlights how local territorial heterogeneity influences urban and regional economics, emphasizing diversification as a strategy for growth. The findings underscore diversification’s importance in enhancing economic stability and resilience, while comparing it with specialization. Although it can boost competitive advantage through efficiency and innovation, specialization also increases vulnerability to sector-specific risks. The study calculates the HHI by using three categories: geographical diversification of export destinations, sectoral exports, and geographical import diversification. These insights provide a groundbreaking understanding of the economic dynamics within Italian provinces and regions, showcasing the advantages and trade-offs between diversification and specialization in regional economic development.
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Antoni, Yoyok. "Potensi dan Peluang Akomodasi Alternatif Glamour Camping (Glamping) di Kawasan Destinasi Pariwisata Sembalun Kabupaten Lombok Timur." JURNAL SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN HUMANIORA 10, no. 3 (2024): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jseh.v10i3.608.
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The aim of the research carried out was to determine the potential and opportunities for the availability of alternative Glamping accommodation in the Sembalun tourism destination area, East Lombok district, as well as to determine the calculation of Location Quotient (LQ), Specialization Index, Shift Share and Net Shift (PB) in analyzing the potential and opportunities for provision. alternative accommodation. The research methodology used in this research is a type of descriptive quantitative research based on the calculation of the Specialization Index, Location Quotient (LQ), and Shift Share. With a rational-comprehensive approach. Types and sources of data in this research, primary and secondary data, with data collection techniques in literature and direct observation or observations. The results of this research show that the specialization index calculation for 17 (seventeen) sectors based on current prices obtained values of 0.31; 0.30 and 0.26. Meanwhile, based on constant prices, the IS value obtained for 3 (three) years was 0 .62; 0.54; 0.46, the value of the specialization index is close to one. For the combined calculation of LQ and Net Shift, it is known that the accommodation, food and drink provision sector have a value of LQ > 1, and PB > 1, which means that the agricultural sector in a broad sense is based on current and constant prices. for 3 years has a stable LQ value which means the potential and opportunities to build and develop accommodation in tourism destinations, are still quite large.
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РАХИМБАЕВ, А. А. "IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF DETERMINING TERRITORIAL AGGLOMERATIONS OF INDUSTRY." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 2(163) (May 9, 2024): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2024.163.2.031.
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В данной статье систематизированы методические подходы к определению территориальных агломераций промышленности. Определено влияние промышленных агломераций на территориальное развитие. Выявлены основные факторы, влияющие на развитие агломераций. При определении индекса промышленной агломерации предлагается использовать такие показатели, как коэффициент размещения промышленной специализации регионов, индекс Херфиндаля-Хиршмана, индекс специализации Кругмана и индекс Джини. In this article, the stylistic approaches to identifying local agglomerations of industry are systematized. The effects of industrial agglomerations on local development have been determined. The main factors affecting the development of agglomerations have been identified. In determining the index of industrial agglomeration, the proposal of using measures such as the location coefficient of industrial specialization of regions, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the index of various specialization and the gin index is based.
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Jang, Yoo-Sik, Yi-Lin Zhao, and Kong-Woo La. "A study on the Analysis of the Competitiveness of Service Trade with Korea, the United States, and China during the COVID-19 period." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 25, no. 4 (2023): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2023.25.4.303.
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In this study, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Symmetric RCA, Trade Specialization Index (TSI) were used to analyze the service trade competitiveness of Korea, China, and the United States.
 As a result of the analysis, first, Korea is at a comparative disadvantage as most RCA index values are less than 1 and most SRCA index values are measured as negative numbers (-), Korea was found to be less competitive than the United States and China. Second, looking at Korea's global TSI index, it can be seen that Korea is closer to import specialization than export specialization due to its overall lower competitiveness compared to the United States and China.
 Accordingly, in order to strengthen Korea's service trade competitiveness, financial support strategies for service export companies and the K-content export base must be strengthened. And there is a need to create an export investment fund to foster global companies and develop policies to strengthen the competitiveness of the tourism sector.There is a need to foster promising items related to software (SW) and information and communication technology (ICT), deregulation and branding are needed to revitalize medical service exports.
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Kotlyarova, Svetlana N., and Elena A. Shamova. "Development Trends and Dynamics of Industrial Specialization in Russian Regions." R-Economy 9, no. 4 (2023): 384–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2023.9.4.024.
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Relevance. The study of the industrial structure of regional economies has gained relevance amid shifting geopolitics and unprecedented sanctions, prompting the need for economic restructuring, product/sector substitution, and the exploration of new growth opportunities at national and regional levels. Research objective. This study evaluates the dynamics of industrial specializations in Russian regions and their role in ensuring stable regional economic development. The hypothesis is that there is a direct link between the resilience of the regional economic system and its industrial specializations. Here, resilience refers to the territory's ability to minimize the negative impacts of external shocks and threats and restore its economic level during a specified adaptation period. Data and method. The focus of this study is industrially developed regions whose economies rely predominantly on manufacturing. The study uses Rosstat data on shipped goods, performed works, and services from 2019 to 2022. Data cleansing involves removing the inflationary component using producer price indices. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is used for the sectors in the "C. Manufacturing" category of OKVED2 (All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities). Results. The study identifies regional variations in industrial specialization levels and progression, categorizing regions into diversified and specialized. We found the transformation of the economic structure in the majority of the examined regions and identified the "new" and "departed" sectors of industrial specialization. Resilience to crises is analyzed, revealing three groups of regions based on their resilience levels. Key industries driving regional development are also identified. Conclusions. Analysis of industrially developed regions uncovers unique structural transformations, offering valuable insights for regional policymakers. Future research avenues may involve refining socio-economic profiles based on industrial specialization and formulating government measures to support industrial development.
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Kołodziejczak, Anna. "Regionalna specjalizacja produkcji rolnej w Polsce = Regional specjalization of agricultural production in Poland." Studia Obszarów Wiejskich 57 (2020): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/sow.57.4.
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Agricultural production is subject to continuous economic and structural changes. Since the 1990s economic and organizational factors have exerted greater influence on agricultural production than environmental conditions. An important determinant affecting farming production was Poland’s accession to the EU, where agriculture was covered by Common Agricultural Policy. Proportion of plant products does not go directly to the market; it is processed on farms into animal products. At the same time, however, what has been developing for years are unfavorable relations between crop and animal products. The reasons for this state of affairs are complex. One of the ways to improve the results of agricultural production is specialization. This is quite a broad concept, embracing the research issue concerning agricultural production structure and directions of agricultural production, especially regarding commercial production which are defined in literature as directions of agricultural specialization (Kulikowski 2003). The aim of the study is to present changes in the regional specialization of crop and livestock production taking place in Poland in the years 2004‑2019. An attempt was made to answer the question in which agricultural production does a given region specialize and to what extent? The following research hypothesis was adopted: changes in the specialization of agricultural production in the regions are influenced by farmers benefiting from direct payments and other forms of financial aid under the Common Agricultural Policy. For the research on the regional specialization of agricultural production, the location quotient based on the share of crop and livestock commodity production in commodity production was used. The location quotient, apart from providing a static picture of the situation for comparative analyzes, allows for comparisons with regard to the dynamics of the specialization index, and to indicate differences in the dynamics of changes in individual agricultural production specializations. In the investigated period, crop production which is more dependent on climate conditions than animal breeding was much more diversified (changed over time). Western voivodships achieved a high level of specialization in plant production. It resulted from the agrarian structure of these regions, where large farms dominated. The lack of specialization in plant production was typical of the following voivodships: Podlaskie, Warmińsko-mazurskie and Wielkopolskie. With regard to animal production, the situation was different. The share of commercial animal production in the general commercial output was primarily affected by an apparent increase in the share of commercial milk production. This concerned north-eastern voivodships: Podlaskie and Warmińsko-mazurskie, which specialized in beef production as well. Wielkopolskie Voivodship also reached a high level of specialization not only in beef but mainly in pork production.
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Zuzańska-Żyśko, Elżbieta, and Marlena Dyszy. "Dynamic Villages in the Hinterland of a Polycentric Region: Case Study of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis in Poland." Land 10, no. 8 (2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080779.
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This article examines the growth of the labour market and entrepreneurship in a metropolitan area. In particular, the study attempts to answer how the economy of the rural regions is developing in the hinterland of a large urban complex in Southern Poland, which is transforming from a post-industrial conurbation into a metropolitan area. The study applied Florence’s local specialization index, statistical measures, dynamics indexes, and Pearson’s correlation index. The research results show that the local economy, including the labour market, is systematically growing. Rural communes refer to multifunctional development based on services, and they represent diverse economic specializations. They are subject to economies of scale and benefit from the proximity and impact of a large urban complex. The economic growth of rural areas in the hinterland is related to entrepreneurship, convenient location in relation to cities, and migration from cities to villages.
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Rahman, Omer Faruk, Mustafa Baris Kemahli, and Fevzi Ayyildiz. "Analysis of cardiovascular surgery specialization theses and their publication rates." Turkish Journal of Vascular Surgery 33, no. 3 (2024): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9739/tjvs.2024.06.022.
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Aim: This study aimed to analyze the specialization theses in the field of cardiovascular surgery in Türkiye, and examine their rates of conversion to scientific publications. Material and Methods: Specialization in medicine theses in the field of cardiovascular surgery published in Türkiye from 2015 to 2020 were evaluated using the Council of Higher Education Thesis Center database. For each specialization thesis, details such as the year, institution, city, study design, advisor’s title, and author information were recorded. The conversion of theses into scientific publications was assessed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Dergipark, and TR Index databases based on the thesis title, advisor, and author information. Results: A total of 204 specialization theses in medicine were examined in the study. Of the thesis authors, 171 were men (83.3%) and 33 were women (16.2%). When categorized by institutions, 130 theses (63.7%) were affiliated with institutions in the three major cities. It was observed that 79 of the evaluated theses (38.7%) were turned into scientific publications. The conversion rate into scientific publications was significantly higher in institutions affiliated with the University of Health Sciences (p=0.002). A significant relationship was observed between the study design, the index of the publishing journal, and the citation status (p=0.029, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The findings obtained in the present study showed that the majority of specialization theses in cardiovascular surgery were not turned into scientific publications. We believe that collaboration with professional associations and the Medical Specialty Board may contribute positively to the publication rate of specialization theses.
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Sikdar, Md Mehedi Hasan. "An Analysis of Trade Specialization in Bangladesh, 1996-2011." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 2 (2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i2.351.
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Trade specialization has been studied extensively, and many researchers try to explain the patterns of the specialization and different factors that determine it. By using the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index and the Galtonian Regression Technique, this study tries to determine the industries with trade specialization and analyze the transformation of the pattern of trade specialization in Bangladesh in the period 1996-2011 to show how the export and import specialization of industries changed and to what extent the pattern of trade specialization in Bangladesh has been transformed during the last sixteen years. Empirical analysis showed that the export of Bangladesh consists mainly of the garment industry, and Bangladesh import products largely belong to the category of commodities for further production and the support of the exporting sector. From the Galtonian regression analysis of export and import specialization, it has been found that the level of export diversification is very low, relatively stable which is confirmed by the low mobility effect. Bangladesh’s export specialization pattern is highly concentrated only in apparel products over the whole study period, and all other sectors contribute with a significantly smaller amount in total export share, but import is more diversified. For the development of the country, it is necessary to diversify its export basket.
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Sydoruk, Svetlana Volodymyrivna, Larisa Mykolayivna Polishchuk, and Inna Volodymyrivna Tishchuk. "SMART-SPECIALIZATION OF HOTEL SERVICES." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 47 (2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.47.3-14.
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Goal. The main goal is the process of forming the smart specialization of hotel services as one of the elements of the concept of intelligent integration for the management of hotel infrastructure. Method. In researching the smart specialization of hotel services, quantitative and qualitative methods of evaluation were used. One of them is a naïve-forecast assumption that the future value of the indicator will correspond to last year's same period of time with an adjustment of ± 5%. Na'ive-forecast was adjusted by distinguishing the factor of seasonality, which is typical for hotel business in the modern economic environment. Results. The study of the availability of hotel establishments for tourists, transitists, businessmen of the region in the system of smart specialization of hotel services, which can become the basis for creating a special image of the region and provide him with certain competitive advantages. Scientific novelty. The foreign experience in using Smart City has been analyzed. Based on elements of Smart City, the priority directions of development of smart specialization of hotel services have been formed. The analysis of the stakeholders in the region (local state administrations, travel agencies, sports organizations, regional development agencies, politicians, residents of the region, consulting companies, representatives of creative professions of the region, chambers of commerce and industry, trade and economic missions in the diplomatic missions of Ukraine abroad) ) from the effect of introducing the smart specialization of hotel services. The forecast for the development of smart specialization of hotel services on the basis of naïve approach is carried out. For the first time, smart specialization was adapted to the sphere of hotel services in view of future achievements. The offered approaches will promote increase of efficiency of introduction of smart specialization of hotel services by increase of profit of hotel establishments, index of satisfaction of clients from use of hotel services. Practical significance. The offered approaches will promote increase of efficiency of introduction of smart specialization of hotel services by increase of profit of hotel establishments, index of satisfaction of clients from use of hotel services. The use of advanced automated systems will increase the number of hotel guests, and will encourage initiative groups and organizations that act as developers of innovative models of functioning of the modern hotel space and the creation of a comprehensive strategy and data platforms for the implementation of deve
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Tsyrkaeva, E. A., and G. G. Aralbayeva. "Production of agricultural food products as a branch of specialization of the Republic of Bashkortostan." Voprosy regionalnoj ekonomiki 38, no. 1 (2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2078-4023-2019-38-1-115-124.
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The article deals with the specialization of the regions of the Volga Federal district on the basis of statistical data presented for the period 1991-2017. The Research was carried out on the basis of the localization coefficient, the index of the level of specialization, the coefficient of per capita production; the place of the Republic of Bashkortostan on the basis of the rating of regions for agricultural production was revealed. The forecast of indicators of specialization of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which allowed to determine the position of the region in the coming years for the production of agricultural products.
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Dorakh, Alena. "Interdependence and specialization in the global semiconductor industry." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 6 (2024): 2436. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i6.2436.
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Interdependence between the United States (U.S.), European Union (EU) and Asia in the semiconductor industry, driven by specialization, can serve as a preventive measure against disruptions in the global semiconductor supply chain. Moreover, with rising geopolitical tensions, the cost-intensive nature of the semiconductor industry and a slowdown in demand, interdependence and partnership provide countries with opportunities and benefits. Specifically, by analyzing global trade patterns, developing the Interdependence Index within the semiconductor market, and applying the Grubel-Lloyd Index to the U.S., the EU, and Asian countries from 2011 to 2022, our findings reveal that interdependence enhances regional semiconductor supply chains, such as the establishment of semiconductor foundries in the U.S., Japan, and the EU; reduces dependence on a single supplier, such as the U.S. distancing from China; and increases market share in different semiconductor segments, as demonstrated by Taiwan in automobile chips. The evidence indicates that China heavily depends on foreign sources to meet its semiconductor demand, while Taiwan and South Korea specialize as foundry service providers with lower Interdependence Index values. The U.S. maintains a moderate level of dependence on semiconductor imports due to its strong presence in manufacturing and research, while the EU exhibits a relatively higher level of interdependence, emphasizing its reliance on semiconductor imports. The stage-specific analyses indicate that the U.S. and the EU rely on Asia for semiconductor devices, while China and Taiwan have a higher dependence on American intermediate inputs and European lithography machines.
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Dosi, Giovanni, Federico Riccio, and Maria Enrica Virgillito. "Specialize or diversify? And in What? Trade composition, quality of specialization, and persistent growth." Industrial and Corporate Change 31, no. 2 (2022): 301–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtac008.
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Abstract This paper, using a long-term, product-level, cross-country dataset, analyzes the trade–growth nexus by introducing two novel indicators able to capture demand and supply attributes of countries’ quality of specialization. The Keynesian efficiency index measures demand attractiveness of the export baskets, estimating product-level demand elasticities and weighting them by diversification; the Schumpeterian efficiency index tracks the export baskets’ technological dynamism proxied by product-level patent intensities. These two dimensions of quality of specialization are effective in explaining the rate and volatility of growth and the duration of growth episodes, identified as periods longer than 8 years of 2% average growth and, even more, of exceptional growth episodes ($\geq\,5\%$). Our results, robust to a wide range of control variables, suggest that specialization per sé is detrimental for growth resilience while countries with a diversified export structure specialized either in demand-elastic and technological-dynamic productions are likely to experience longer growth episodes.
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Smirnova, O. P. "Assessing the transformation of a macro-region industrial complex on the basis of balanced development indices." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, no. 5 (2020): 829–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.5.829.
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Subject. This article discusses the balanced economic development of the macro-region industrial complex through the most efficient use of available resources. Objectives. The article aims to assess the diversification of the industrial complex of macro-regions based on calculation of three indices and highlight key areas of perspective specialization of macro-regions. Methods. For the study, I used the Herfindahl–Hirschman index, Hoover–Balassa index, and the relative specialization index in the context of federal districts, or macro-regions. Results. The article finds that many macro-regions have similar comparative advantages, which means interregional synergy and opens up opportunities and potential for strategic cooperation between regions. Conclusions. The revealed comparative advantages of macro-regions can be used to develop a long-term innovation programme for the industrial complex.
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Shin, Dong-Phil, and Jeong-Soo Son. "A Study on Factors Affecting International Competitiveness Using Korea’s Trade Balance: Focusing on the Copyright Industry." Korea International Trade Research Institute 19, no. 6 (2023): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.19.6.202312.217.
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Purpose - Although the industrial importance of the copyright is increasing, and its significance is being highlighted both domestically and internationally, statistics related to copyright are still insufficient, resulting in a lack of research in this field. In this study, we examine the characteristics of the import-export structure through trends in South Korea’s copyright industry trade balance.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to confirm the potential of Korea’s copyright industry as a growth engine in the global market between 2010 and 2021, indicators such as the Trade Specialization Index (TSI), Contribution to the Trade Balance (CTB), and Intra-Industry Trade Index (GL Index) were used to determine Korea’s level of international competitiveness in the copyright industry, which was objectively identified.
 Findings - In the Trade Specialization Index (TSI), the copyright industry shifted to export specialization in 2015, and in the Contribution to Balance of Trade (CBT), the competitiveness of the copyright industry was strengthened from a comparative disadvantage industry to a comparative advantage industry. In the GL Index, the proportion of intra-industry transactions in the copyright industry increased from 2010 to 2021.
 Research Implications - It can be seen that tailored strategies by country and genre are necessary to activate the copyright industry. Despite high market potential in all countries due to the spread of K-culture, it is necessary to provide characteristics and support measures tailored to each country through clear comparisons and evaluations.
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Kernaléguen, L., Y. Cherel, C. Guinet, and J. P. Y. Arnould. "Mating success and body condition not related to foraging specializations in male fur seals." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 7 (2016): 160143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160143.
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Individual specialization is widespread among wild populations. While its fitness consequences are central in predicting the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of populations, they remain poorly understood. Long-term individual foraging specializations occur in male Antarctic ( Arctocephalus gazella ) and Australian ( A. pusillus doriferus ) fur seals. Strong selective pressure is expected in these highly dimorphic and polygynous species, raising the question of the fitness payoffs associated with different foraging strategies. We investigated the relationship between individual isotopic niche (a proxy of foraging specialization), body size and condition, and an index of reproductive success (harem size) in territorial males. Individuals varied greatly in their skin and fur isotopic values reflecting a range of foraging strategies within the two populations. However, in both species, isotopic niche was not correlated to body size, condition or mating success ( R 2 / ρ < 0.06). Furthermore, no foraging niche was predominant in either species, which would have indicated a substantial long-term fitness benefit of a particular strategy via a higher survival rate. These results suggest that the fitness consequences of a foraging strategy depend not only on the quality of prey and feeding habitat but also on an individual's hunting efficiency and skills.
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E. Gustia, S. Mulatsih, and A. Gunawan. "Regional Analysis of Sheep Business in Banjarnegara Regency." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 12, no. 2 (2024): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.12.2.105-111.
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Banjarnegara Regency is home to the local Batur sheep, known for their significant body weight. The community has been raising Batur sheep for generations, aiming to develop them into a regional economic driver. This study aims to analyze potential areas for sheep livestock development in Banjarnegara Regency. The data used came from the farm statistics of the Directorate-General for Farm and Animal Health in 2021. The location quotient (LQ), localization index (LI), and specialization index (SI) method were used to perform regional analysis of sheep business. The results of the survey showed that the base area of sheep farming in Banjarnegara district is distributed in the districts of Karangkobar, Pejawaran, Batur, and Wanayasa. The localization and specialization index showed that sheep farming is spread evenly throughout the district of Banjaregara, not concentrated in a particular region.
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Crnokrak, Nevena, Branislav Vlahović, and Katica Radosavljević. "Competitiveness of wine export from CEFTA countries in the EU market." Ekonomika preduzeca 70, no. 7-8 (2022): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre2208419c.
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The objective of this paper is to examine the competitiveness of wine export of CEFTA parties (excluding Kosovo), in the period from 2011 to 2020. The CEFTA group exported wine worth a total of 2.3 billion USD during the analyzed period, with significant differences in export value among certain parties. Moldova and North Macedonia generated over 80% of the wine export value. Competitiveness of wine export was analyzed by calculating two sets of indicators. The first set includes three competitiveness indices: revealed comparative advantage index, export specialization index and trade intensity index. The second set of factors relates to the analysis of market share and changes in the market share. With the purpose of identifying causes of changes in the market share, one of them being the competitiveness effect, the authors employed the method of constant market share analysis. The leading exporter, Moldova, although not predominantly focused on the European Union as the main export market, is competitive in the EU market and achieves specialization in exporting wine to the EU market, as well as an increase in trade intensity and market share. Other analyzed CEFTA countries have recorded a decrease in market shares and variable performance regarding export specialization, revealed comparative advantage and trade intensity.
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Ignjatijević, Svetlana, Ivan Milojević, and Rosa Andžić. "Economic analysis of exporting Serbian honey." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 7 (2018): 929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0050.
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Researching competitiveness of Serbia’s honey sector represents an introduction into a complex issue of dynamic changes with complex heterogenic and long term socio-economic implications. Tracking changes of comparative advantages in export during Serbia’s transition period and accession to the EU is significant for viewing the effects that trade liberalization and integration in international streams have on the sensitive honey sector. The research started from indicators of demand and level of foreign trade in the EU. Quantitative indicators of Serbia’s honey export on European market were shown in order to confirm Serbia’s potential and dominant presence. Research subject of this paper is the analysis of Serbia’s comparative advantage in exporting honey and specialization in international trade with the EU. The Balassa index, Revealed comparative advantages index and Revealed symmetric comparative advantage index were used with the goal to measure the level of Serbia’s comparative advantage, Grubel Lloyd Index and Trade Balance Index were used to measure the specialization level. Research results point to a positive comparative advantage value in exporting Serbia’s honey to EU and inter-industry exchange character.
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Fidhayanti, Anggi Radzma, Nuriah Yuliati, and Nisa Hafi Idhoh Fitriana. "Analysis of the Competitiveness of Indonesian Rubber Exports in International Markets." West Science Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 01 (2024): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v2i01.608.
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Indonesia's position as one of the largest rubber producing countries in the world does not make Indonesia a major rubber exporter on the international market. This research aims to analyze comparative competitiveness, competitive competitiveness and specialization of Indonesian rubber trade in the international market. The research methods used are Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RTCA), Export Competitiveness Index (XCi), and Trade Specialization Index (ISP). This research uses secondary data for the 2012-2021 period obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and processed using Microsoft Excel tools. The research results show that Indonesian rubber commodities do not have comparative competitiveness, competitive competitiveness and trade specialization as a rubber importer in the international market. RCTA analysis shows an average value of -1.187 placing Indonesia in fourth position among other competing countries. XCi analysis shows an average value of 0.817 making Indonesia the country with the lowest competitiveness compared to other competing countries. ISP analysis shows that Indonesia tends to be a rubber importer with an average value of -0.573 and is at the import substitution stage.
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Warmath, Dee, David R. Bell, and Andrew P. Winterstein. "The Role of Athlete Competitiveness in High School Sport Specialization in the United States." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 3 (2022): 232596712210796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221079670.
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Background: Sport specialization has been associated with increased injury and negative psychosocial effects on young athletes. With the continuing trend toward specialization, studies have begun to examine what motivates this decision (eg, building a skill, getting a scholarship). No study has directly assessed the personal characteristics underlying these stated reasons. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study examined the role of athlete competitiveness (enjoyment of competition and competitive contentiousness) as a characteristic associated with propensity to specialize in the United States. We hypothesized that, at the high school level, athletes would be more likely to engage in sport specialization owing to enjoyment of competition versus competitive contentiousness. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We conducted an online survey of 975 high school athletes in the United States who were recruited via the Dynata research panel. Measures included a previously published sport specialization categorization (low, medium, high) and the 2 dimensions of the Revised Competitiveness Index (enjoyment of competition and competitive contentiousness). Also collected were athlete characteristics, sports played by the athletes, level of competition, and whether they planned to play sports in college. Analytical methods employed included cross-tabulations, multinomial logit, and ordinary least squares regression. Results: Overall, 22.4% of the athletes reported a high, 34.8% reported a medium, and 42.9% reported a small level of specialization. No differences in the distribution of sport specialization by sex or age were observed; however, athletes who definitely planned to play in college were significantly more likely to have a high level of specialization ( P < .001). Enjoyment of competition was associated with greater specialization (beta = .196; P < .001), whereas competitive contentiousness was associated with lower levels of specialization (beta = −.299; P < .001). These findings were robust to all 3 different analytical methods we employed. Conclusion: Study findings indicated that, while athlete competitiveness is associated with sport specialization, the nature of that competitiveness determined the association. Being an argumentative contrarian may predispose athletes to lower levels of sport specialization, whereas enjoying competition may encourage higher levels of specialization.
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Sikorski, Dominik, and Paweł Brezdeń. "Contemporary Processes of Concentration and Specialization of Industrial Activity in Post-Socialist States as Illustrated by the Case of Wrocław and Its Suburbs (Poland)." Land 10, no. 11 (2021): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111140.
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This paper explores the issues of contemporary spatial differentiation in the process of industry concentration and the accompanying specialization according to the intensity of research and development in urban agglomerations, as exemplified by Wrocław and its suburbs. The aim of the study was to assess the degree and directions of advancement of these processes and to identify spatial patterns in the location and relocation of industry operators in the analyzed area. The industrial location was analyzed on the basis of industry operators registered in section C (industrial processing) according to the Polish Classification of Activities (PKA) in city districts in 2008 and 2016. The industry’s spatial structures were presented using the classification of industrial processing according to R&D intensity broken down into high-, medium-high-, medium-low-, and low-tech industry sectors. Quantitative methods were used to analyze and identify the degree of spatial concentration and specialization of the industry. The underlying analytical statistics included relative indicators, such as the location quotient (LQ), Florence’s location quotient, or the Krugman Specialization Index, as well as analyses of market structures (Herfindahl–Hirschman index or discrete index). The findings of this research revealed quite significant changes taking place in the internal spatial structure of Wrocław and its immediate vicinity in terms of the industry concentration and specialization. This phenomenon was much more dynamic and turbulent in the post-socialist countries than in the cities of Western Europe. Likewise, Wrocław and its suburban zone are characterized by a significant diversification and intensity of the processes subject to this analysis. These processes proved to be complex and selective.
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Nam, Ki-Seong, Min-Hong Oh, and Hyun-Guyn Hong. "A Study of Developing a Relative-Specialization Index Using Expected Frequence." Korean Journal of Applied Statistics 21, no. 4 (2008): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2008.21.4.581.
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