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1
Baysal, Can. "Redesigning rice for environmental sustainability, enhanced productivity and specialty uses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672397.
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Vaig dirigir la proteïna verda fluorescent codificada en el nucli (eGFP) a les mitocòndries d'arròs utilitzant sis pre-seqüències mitocondrials amb divers origen filogenètic. Vaig investigar la seva efectivitat mitjançant anàlisi de immunotransferència, microscòpia confocal i electrònica tant en calls com en plantes regenerades. Vaig confirmar que els pèptids COX4, SEU9 dirigien eficaçment eGFP a les mitocòndries d'arròs independentment del seu origen. Vaig utilitzar aquesta metodologia per disseccionar i expressar la proteïna NifH nitrogenasa Fe, extremadament sensible a l'oxigen, i la seva maturasa NifM en les mitocòndries d'arròs, superant així el coll d'ampolla més desafiant de l'enginyeria de la fixació biològica de nitrogen en els cereals. Per tant, vaig poder expressar i purificar quantitats substancials de NifH a partir de calls d'arròs i vaig confirmar que la NifH aïllada exercia el paper fonamental de l'activitat emzimática de NifH necessària per dissenyar la fixació de nitrogen, inclosa la transferència d'electrons i la biosíntesi de FeMo-co. D'aquesta manera demostre, per primera vegada, l'expressió i activitat estables d'un component nitrogenasa en qualsevol cereal.
També vaig fer servir CRISPR / CAS9 per mutar el OsSBEIIb (que codifica l'enzim ramificadora de midó IIb), que es requereix per a la síntesi d'amilopectina densament ramificada en l'endosperma de l'arròs. Vaig investigar els efectes de la inactivació de l'enzim de biosíntesi de midó individual en el midó d'arròs i en el seu metabolisme general. Les plantes mutants homocigotas, en què OsSBEIIb estava completament inactivat, van produir llavors opaques amb reserves de midó esgotades el contingut d'amilosa va augmentar de 19.6 a 27.4% i el contingut de midó resistent (RS) va augmentar de 0.2 a 17.2%. A causa de la mutació, hi va haver un augment general en l'acumulació de sucres, àcids grassos, aminoàcids i fitosterols en l'endosperma mutant, el que suggereix que els intermediaris en la via de biosíntesi del midó van augmentar el flux a través de vies indirectes causant un profund impacte en l'acumulació de múltiples metabòlits primaris i secundaris.Conseguí dirigir la proteína verde fluorescente codificada en el núcleo (eGFP) a las mitocondrias de arroz utilizando seis pre-secuencias mitocondriales con diverso orígen filogenético. Investigué su efectividad mediante análisis de inmunotransferencia, microscopía confocal y electrónica tanto en callos como en plantas regeneradas. Confirmé que los péptidos COX4, SU9 dirigían eficazmente eGFP a las mitocondrias de arroz independientemente de su origen. Utilicé esta metodología para diseccionar y expresar la proteína NifH nitrogenasa Fe, extremadamente sensible al oxígeno, y su maturasa NifM en las mitocondrias de arroz, superando así el cuello de botella más desafiante de la ingeniería de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno en los cereales. Por lo tanto, pude expresar y purificar cantidades sustanciales de NifH a partir de callos de arroz y confirmé que la NifH aislada desempeñaba el papel fundamental de la actividad emzimática de NifH necesaria para diseñar la fijación de nitrógeno, incluida la transferencia de electrones y la biosíntesis de FeMo-co. De esta manera pude demostrar, por primera vez, la expresión y actividad estables de un componente nitrogenasa en cualquier cereal. También usé CRISPR / Cas9 para mutar el OsSBEIIb (que codifica la enzima ramificadora de almidón IIb), que se requiere para la síntesis de amilopectina densamente ramificada en el endospermo del arroz. Investigué los efectos de la inactivación de la enzima de biosíntesis de almidón individual en el almidón de arroz y en su metabolismo general. Las plantas mutantes homocigotas, en las que OsSBEIIb estaba completamente inactivado, produjeron semillas opacas con reservas de almidón agotadas cuyo contenido de amilosa aumentó de 19.6 a 27.4% y el contenido de almidón resistente (RS) aumentó de 0.2 a 17.2%. Debido a la mutación, hubo un aumento general en la acumulación de azúcares, ácidos grasos, aminoácidos y fitoesteroles en el endospermo mutante, lo que sugiere que los intermediarios en la vía de biosíntesis del almidón aumentaron el flujo a través de vías indirectas causando un profundo impacto en la acumulación de múltiples metabolitos primarios y secundarios.
I targeted nuclear-encoded green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to rice mitochondria using six mitochondrial pre-sequences with diverse phylogenetic origin. I investigated their effectiveness by immunoblot analysis, confocal and electron microscopy in callus and regenerated plants. I confirmed that COX4, SU9 targeting peptides effectively targeted eGFP to rice mitochondria regardless of their origin. I used this methodology to dissect and express extremely oxygen sensitive nitrogenase Fe Protein NifH and its maturase NifM in rice mitochondria to overcome the most challenging bottleneck of engineering biological nitrogen fixation in cereals. Therefore, I was able to express and purify substantial amounts of NifH from rice callus, and I confirmed that the isolated NifH carried out the fundamental role of NifH enzymatic activity required to engineer nitrogen fixation, including electron transfer, and FeMo-co biosynthesis. I was thus able to demonstrate for the first-time stable expression and activity of a nitrogenase component in any cereal. I have further used CRISPR/Cas9 to mutate the OsSBEIIb (encoding starch branching enzyme IIb), which is required for the synthesis of densely branched amylopectin in the rice endosperm. I investigated the effects of the inactivation of individual starch biosynthesis enzyme in rice starch and overall metabolism. Homozygous mutant plants, in which OsSBEIIb was completely inactivated, produced opaque seeds with depleted starch reserves whose amylose content increased from 19.6 to 27.4% and resistant starch (RS) content increased from 0.2 to 17.2%. Because of the mutation there was a general increase in the accumulation of sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and phytosterols in the mutant endosperm, suggesting that intermediates in the starch biosynthesis pathway increased flux through spillover pathways causing a profound impact on the accumulation of multiple primary and secondary metabolites.
2
Pham, Thai Thuy [Verfasser], Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Theuvsen, Achim [Gutachter] Spiller, and Oliver [Gutachter] Mußhoff. "Specialty Rice Adoption, Collective Action and Marketing Channel Choice: Insights from Vietnam / Thai Thuy Pham ; Gutachter: Achim Spiller, Oliver Mußhoff ; Betreuer: Ludwig Theuvsen." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1131875702/34.
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Nam-Matra, Rachanee. "A study of the abundance and diversity of rice weeds of Thailand, with special emphasis on their variation with different methods of rice cultivation." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590140.
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This is the first comprehensive study of weeds of rice throughout Thailand. Information on the current and past perceptions of problematic weeds of rice was obtained from the results of questionnaires returned from 368 farmers. Data was gathered directly in the field from 56 rice farms throughout north (N). north-east (NE) and central (C) Thailand A total of 145 species of weeds were recorded, of which 24 represented new weed records for Thailand. In farmers' perceptions, major broad-leaved weeds appear to be increasing in severity. while grass weeds are under control. Weed frequency and occurrence varied markedly between regions and farms, with most species occurring at low frequency and low mean abundance. Variation in rice cultivation techniques was associated with weed diversity and geographical location. Weed diversity between farms was compared using three different indices of biodiversity assessment and also ordination analysis. For all different methods of analysis, NE farms were shown to have the greatest diversity of weeds. Direct dry seeding is practiced in NE farms and not in other regions and analysis of the distribution of the species most strongly associated with NE farms shows that they are generally worldwide weeds and are not confined to the NE of Thailand. It was therefore concluded that cultivation technique is more likely to be the underlying cause of the higher diversity of weed species found in NE Thailand, rather than geographical location. Species had higher densities at the edge, rather than in the centre, of rice fields, in agreement with several other studies and indicating that the edge may act as the source for the establishment and spread of weed species. Weeds on rice farms are currently in decline because of the introduction of herbicides in the last decade and recent improvements in weed management practice by water management.
4
Dushek, Shannon E. "Parents' perceived effectiveness of parental involvement on their children's education at Red Cedar Vocational and Special Education Center in Rice Lake, Wisconsin." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001dusheks.pdf.
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Malley, Robert. "The rise and demise of third worldism with special reference to Algeria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314980.
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Moore-Sieray, David. "The evolution of colonial agricultural policy in Sierra Leone, with special reference to swamp rice cultivation, 1908-1939." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29325/.
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This study hopes to contribute firstly to the new awakening among governments and international development agencies in sub-Saharan African about the crucial significance of a historical perspective in development planning in the region. It does this by tracing the evolution of colonial agricultural policy in Sierra Leone, during a period when particular attention was being paid to the staple food crop, rice. It deals with the establishment of the Department of Agriculture and its early attempts to encourage both cash-crop and food-crop production. In this way the study hopes to contribute to the continuing debate about the future of the rice industry in Sierra Leone by examining the main ideas, practical efforts, problems and achievements of the Colonial Agricultural Department while at the same time focussing attention on indigenous initiatives in which the Department itself was keenly interested. The study shows that the unprecedented food shortages of 1919 and the accompanying riots, read by colonial officials as the result of the persistence of the 'primitive' shifting cultivation system in the countryside and Krio insubordination in town, compelled the Administration to place higher emphasis on food production. It shows how by the 1920s Agriculture Department Officers had come to consider improved swamp rice cultivation as the best solution to the food problem. In 1934, Rokupr Rice Research Station was established and systematic efforts to improve swamp rice cultivation began. As well as tracing the evolution of Agricultural Department policy, the study shows how African farmers worked to improve their system of rice cultivation in the Scarcies region, in ways which were of great interest to colonial officials. Finally, the study shows how the implementation of Agricultural Department policy was constrained by shortage of funds, especially during the inter-war depression. After 1929 many officials were laid off and revenue allocations to the Agricultural Department were kept to a minimum. The development of rice research and extension work during the 1930s is placed firmly in this context and that of the growing need to apply scientific research to African agricultural problems. The study ends with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, after which new agricultural policies emerged and the old debates were largely forgotten: a situation which this study attempts to remedy.
7
Tristiani, Harsiwi. "Population characteristics of the ricefield rat,Rattus argentiventer, with special reference to its adaptation to the rice plant." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181989.
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MacKay, Michael Hubbard. "The rise of a medical speciality : the medicalisation of elite equine care c.1680-c.1800." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14229/.
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There are currently very few historians of veterinary medicine and outside of their scholarship there is almost nothing that has been written about veterinary history in the past thirty years. This is despite the fact that medical historians have created a large body of scholarship since the 1980s, including studies of political movements, social and cultural histories, histories of ideas of the medical profession, histories of specific diseases and histories of science. The lack of veterinary history is also striking because there has been a plethora of research corning from the field of human/animal relations. Furthermore, the history of animal care before formal veterinary education (1790s) is even more neglected and the scholarship that does exist is over forty years old and generally anachronistic-save the work of Louise Curth. This is all despite the outstanding changes that were occurring during the eighteenth century in Britain. Part of the reason that the current interpretations of eighteenth-century animal care are so anachronistic is due to the focus of historians upon the emergence of the London Veterinary College (1792) as an enlightened step toward progression. This is far from correct because a new medical specialty emerged in animal care over a century before the College. This thesis shows that those involved in the gentlemanly practice of farriery created a new specialised field of farriery that was much more medical. Like midwifery, oculism and dentistry, equine medicine became a new medical specialism. This is demonstrated by analysing elite farriery literature published between 1550 and 1800, by reconstructing the identity of eighteenth century farriery practitioners (especially those that claimed to be gentlemen), by uncovering the practice of these elite practitioners in horse hospitals and anatomy lectures. These findings suggest a new narrative of the history of animal care, showing that veterinary medicine was a product of the larger changes in equine medicine occurring well before the 1790s.
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Koesoemadinata, Santosa. "Aquatic toxicology of selected rice insecticides, with special reference to their effects on fish culture in West Java, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3530.
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Insecticides are widely used in SE Asian countries to control insect pests in rice, mainly stemborers (Chilo suppresallis) and brown plant hoppers (Nilaparvata lugens). The use of highly toxic insecticide compounds, however, is known to cause serious problem for fish culture in wet rice fields in many of these countries, particularly in Indonesia where this practice assumes a tremendous "house hold economic" importance, as well as being an essential part of the nation's inland aqua-culture production system. The laboratory and field experiments described were carried out to establish whether the application of five selected rice insecticides (fenobucarb, isoprocarb, buprofezin, diazinon and alphamethrin) would influence the growth and production of common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio LINN.) raised in wet rice fields. Laboratory static toxicity tests revealed that the carbamate insecticides (fenobucarb and isoprocarb) were the least toxic insecticide compounds. The 96 hour Median Lethal Concentration (i.e the concentration that killed 50% of the test fish in 96 hours exposure period, under specified conditions) of these insecticides were 5.8mgl-1 and 5.3mgl-1, respectively. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide alphamethrin was the most toxic insecticide with 96h-LC50 of 0.037mg1-1, while the organophosphate diazinon and the thiadiazin buprofezin showed intermediate toxicity to common carp (96h-LC50 = 2.3mgl-1 and 1.5mgl-1, respectively). A series of five field experiments were consecutively conducted, using 24 specially constructed rice field plots to accomodate the culture of common carp fingerlings for a period of 21 days. A single application of three dose regime, i.e 1/2X, 1 X and 2X of the recommended dose rate for insect control was given as treatment in each experiment. The survival of fish in all experiments were not significantly influenced by the insecticide treatment (P > 0.05). The growth rate and the production of fish biomass in rice fields treated with isoprocarb, buprofezin, diazinon and alphamethrin, were also found to be comparable with those in the untreated control plot (P > 0.05). In the rice fields treated with the highest dose rate of fenobucarb (1500gha-1 ,Al), the growth and production of fish were significantly lower than those in the untreated control rice fields (P < 0.05). Observations on the rice field biota revealed no definite pattern in the temporal changes of the population of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates both in the insecticide treated plots as well as in the untreated control plots. The minimum effects of the insecticide treatment to fish and rice field biota observed in the experiment were presumably due to several factors, mainly because a significant amount of the compounds were adsorbs by the rice field soil and aquatic vegetations and not onto the water, causing less toxicity, followed by the rapid flushing of the chemicals from the rice field system. The composition of the diet of common carp fingerlings in the rice field was found to be similar with those reported in the natural ponds, consisting mainly of aquatic insects (and their larvae), crustaceans, benthic macroinvertebrates and plant detritus. Based on the results of the present experiments, of the five insecticide compounds tested, diazinon and fenobucarb appeared to produce greater risk to fish when used in rice-fish farming. The use of agrochemicals in rice-fish farming should be carefully managed and controlled, using selected low toxic and non-persistent insecticides based on the result of laboratory and field toxicity tests.
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Jones, Phil Ian. "The rise and fall of the multi-storey ideal : public sector high-rise housing in Britain 1945-2002 : with special reference to Birmingham." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274430.
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Quintão, Ronan Torres. "The rite of passage from regular to connoisseur consumer: the role of the taste transformation ritual in the specialty coffee context." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13614.
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Although the consumer culture field has addressed the role ritual plays in consumption, defining and describing this construct and explaining its dimensions, cultural meanings, elements, components, and practices, as well as revealing the differentiation in consumer practices, no research has yet identified how consumers, through ritual practices, establish and manipulate their own differentiation from other consumers during their rite of passage from one cultural category of person to another. Drawing on key concepts from ritual theory, my research addresses the role played by ritual in connoisseurship consumption. Conducting an ethnographic study on connoisseurship in specialty coffee consumption, I immersed myself in the field, visiting and observing consumers in high-end independent coffee shops in North America—Toronto, Montreal, Seattle, and New York—from August 2013 to July 2014. I also immersed myself in the Brazilian specialty coffee field, in Belo Horizonte and São Paulo, from August 2014 to January 2015, to compare and contrast the specialty coffee consumption cultures of Brazil, the United States, and Canada. I used long interviews, participant observation, netnography, introspection, and historical newspaper analysis to collect the data, which was then interepreted using a hermeneutic approach, comparing consumers’ stages in their connoisseurship rites of passage. To extend my understanding of connoisseurship consumption, I also collected data from the wine consumption context. In this dissertation, I introduce the idea of the taste transformation ritual, theorizing the process as a connoisseurship rite of passage, which converts regular consumers into connoisseur consumers. My research reveals that connoisseur consumers are amateurs in different stages of the connoisseurship rite of passage. They transform themselves by establishing and reinforcing the oppositions between mass and connoisseurship consumption. The taste transformation ritual involves the following elements: (1) variation in the choices of high-quality products, (2) the place to perform the tasting, (3) the moment of tasting, (4) the tasting act, (5) time and money investment, (6) increased subcultural and social capital, and (7) perseverance on the rite of passage. Connoisseur consumers participate in the connoisseurship consumption community. This heterogeneous community is composed of outstanding professionals, connoisseurs, and regular consumers. The forces that drive the community, as identified in this study, are the production of subcultural and social capital, emulation of professional and ritual consumption practices, enactment tensions between the community members, commercial friendship, and status games. I develop a broader theoretical account that builds on and extends a number of concepts regarding ritual consumption, taste, heterogeneous community, and connoisseur consumers.
Apesar de o campo da cultura de consumo ter abordado o papel do ritual no consumo, definindo e descrevendo este constructo e explicando suas dimensões, significados culturais, elementos, componentes e práticas, assim como revelando a diferenciação nas práticas dos consumidores, nenhuma pesquisa ainda identificou como os consumidores, por meio de práticas de ritual, estabelecem e manipulam suas próprias diferenciações em relação a outros consumidores durante o rito de passagem deles de uma categoria cultural de pessoa para outra. Tendo como base conceitos-chaves da teoria sobre ritual, minha pesquisa aborda o papel do ritual no consume de apreciação. Conduzindo um estudo etnográfico sobre consumo de apreciação de cafés especiais, eu realizei uma imersão no campo, visitando e observando consumidores em cafeterias independentes de destaque na América do Norte – Toronto, Montreal, Seattle e Nova York – de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2014. Eu também realizei uma imersão no contexto de cafés especiais no Brasil em Belo Horizonte e São Paulo, de agosto de 2014 a janeiro de 2015, para comparar e contrastar as culturas de consume de cafés especiais de Brasil, Estados Unidos e Canadá. Eu usei entrevistas longas, observação participante, netnografia, introspecção e análise histórica de artigos de jornais para coletar os dados, que foram interpretados utilizando a abordagem hermenêutica, comparando os consumidores em diferentes estágios durante o rito de passagem de apreciação. Para estender meu entendimento sobre o consumo de apreciação, eu também coletei dados sobre o contexto de consumo de vinho. Nesta tese, eu introduzo a ideia de ritual de transformação do gosto, teorizando sobre o processo do rito de passagem de apreciação, que converte consumidores regulares em consumidores apreciadores. Minha pesquisa revela que consumidores apreciadores são amadores em diferentes estágios do rito de passagem de apreciação. Eles se transformam pelo estabelecimento e reforço de oposições entre o consume de massa e de apreciação. O ritual de transformação do gosto envolve os seguintes elementos: (1) variação nas escolhas de produtos de alta qualidade, (2) o lugar para realizar a degustação, (3) o momento da degustação, (4) o ato de degustar, (5) investimento de tempo e dinheiro, (6) aumento do capital subcultural e social, (7) perseverança no rito de passagem. Os consumidores apreciadores participam da comunidade de consumo de apreciação. Essa comunidade heterogênea é composta por profissionais excelentes, apreciadores e consumidores regulares. As forças que direcionam a comunidade, de acordo com o que foi identificado no estudo, são a produção de capital social e subcultural, emulação do profissional e das práticas de ritual de consumo, tensões de performance entre os membros da comunidade, amizade comercial e jogo de status. Eu desenvolvo uma ampla consideração teórica que desenvolve e estende um número de conceitos em relação a ritual e consumo, gosto, comunidade heterogênea e consumidores apreciadores.
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Harrell, Lawrence. "The effect of intangible product attributes on rail passenger demand with special reference to ride quality." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3291.
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This study set out to investigate the value consumers
place on less tangible product attributes. Although some
work has been done in the p ast, to establish the relative
importance of intangible attributes; very few studies have
attempted to produce a financial value for a change. The
research was conducted in a rural railway environment and
so the product considered was a train journey. The main
intangible attribute chosen for the study was ride
quality.
Rural railway services make significant losses and as a
result have been threatened with closure. Reducing track
maintenance (and thus ride quality ) on these routes offers
considerable scope for cost reduction. But, very little
was known about the response of demand to changes in ride
quality. Any results obtained could, therefore, make a
contribution to maintaining railway services in areas of
limited public transport.
Although this study concentrated on the railway ride
problem, it is believed that the method developed during
this research would be applicable, with some modification,
to other topics.
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Hayden, Carol. "Explaining exclusion from primary school: an analysis of the reasons behind the rise in recorded primary school exclusions in the early 1990s." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484224.
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Ektarawong, Annop. "Disordered Icosahedral Boron-Rich Solids : A Theoretical Study of Thermodynamic Stability and Properties." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136813.
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This thesis is a theoretical study of configurational disorder in icosahedral boron-rich solids, in particular boron carbide, including also the development of a methodological framework for treating configurational disorder in such materials, namely superatom-special quasirandom structure (SA-SQS). In terms of its practical implementations, the SA-SQS method is demonstrated to be capable of efficiently modeling configurational disorder in icosahedral boron-rich solids, whiles the thermodynamic stability as well as the properties of the configurationally disordered icosahedral boron-rich solids, modeled from the SA-SQS method, can be directly investigated, using the density functional theory (DFT). In case of boron carbide, especially B4C and B13C2 compositions, the SA-SQS method is used for modeling configurational disorder, arising from a high concentration of low-energy B/C substitutional defects. The results, obtained from the DFT-based calculations, demonstrate that configurational disorder of B and C atoms in boron carbide is not only thermodynamically favored at high temperature, but it also plays an important role in altering the properties of boron carbide − for example, restoration of higher rhombohedral symmetry of B4C, a metal-to-nonmetal transition and a drastic increase in the elastic moduli of B13C2. The configurational disorder can also explain large discrepancies, regarding the proper- ties of boron carbide, between experiments and previous theoretical calculations, having been a long standing controversial issue in the field of icosahedral boron- rich solids, as the calculated properties of the disordered boron carbides are found to be in qualitatively good agreement with those, observed in experiments. In order to investigate the configurational evolution of B4C as a function of temperature, beyond the SA-SQS level, a brute-force cluster-expansion method in combination with Monte Carlo simulations is implemented. The results demonstrate that configurational disorder in B4C indeed essentially takes place within the icosahedra in a way that justifies the focus on lowenergy defect patterns of the superatom picture. The investigation of the thermodynamic stability of icosahedral carbon-rich boron carbides beyond the believed solubility limit of carbon (20 at.% C) demonstrates that, apart from B4C generally addressed in the literature, B2.5C represented by B10Cp2(CC) is predicted to be thermodynamically stable with respect to B4C as well as pure boron and carbon under high pressure, ranging between 40 and 67 GPa, and also at elevated temperature. B2.5C is expected to be metastable at ambient pressure, as indicated by its dynamical and mechanical stabilities at 0 GPa. A possible synthesis route of B2.5C and a fingerprint for its characterization from the simulations of x-ray powder diffraction pattern are suggested. Besides modeling configurational disorder in boron carbide, the SA-SQS method also opens up for theoretical studies of new alloys between different icosahedral boron-rich solids − for example, (B6O)1−x(B13C2)x and B12(As1−xPx)2. As for the pseudo-binary (B6O)1−x(B13C2)x alloy, it is predicted to display a miscibility gap resulting in B6O-rich and either ordered or disordered B13C2-rich domains for intermediate global compositions at all temperatures up to melting points of the materials. However, some intermixing of B6O and B13C2 to form solid solutions is also predicted at high temperature. A noticeable mutual solubility of icosahedral B12As2 and B12P2 in each other to form B12(As1−xPx)2 disordered alloy is predicted even at room temperature, and a complete closure of a pseudo-binary miscibility gap is achieved at around 900 K. Apart from B12(As1−xPx)2, the thermodynamic stability of other compounds and alloys in the ternary B-As-P system is also investigated. For the binary B-As system, zincblende BAs is found to be thermodynamically unstable with respect to icosahedral B12As2 and gray arsenic at 0 K and increasingly so at higher temperature, indicating that BAs may merely exist as a metastable phase. This is in contrast to the binary B-P system, in which zinc-blende BP and icosahedral B12P2 are both predicted to be stable. Owing to the instability of BAs with respect to B12As2 and gray arsenic, only a tiny amount of BAs is predicted to be able to dissolve in BP to form BAs1−xPx disordered alloy at elevated temperature. For example, less than 5% BAs can dissolve in BP at 1000 K. As for the binary As-P system, As1−xPx disordered alloys are predicted at elevated temperature − for example, a disordered solid solution of up to ∼75% As in black phosphorus as well as a small solubility of ∼1% P in gray arsenic at 750 K, together with the presence of miscibility gaps. The thermodynamic stability of three different compositions of α-rhombohedral boron-like boron subnitride, having been proposed so far in the literature, is investigated. Those are, B6N, B13N2, and B38N6, represented respectively by B12(N-N), B12(NBN), and [B12(N-N)]0.33[B12(NBN)]0.67. It is found that, out of these sub- nitrides, only B38N6 is thermodynamically stable from 0 GPa up to ∼7.5 GPa, depending on the temperature, and is thus concluded as a stable composition of α-rhombohedral boron-like boron subnitride.
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Ismail, Ab Majid. "Wind-driven natural ventilation in high-rise office buildings with special reference to the hot-humid climate of Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247267.
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Hargreaves, Andrew Lennox. "An analysis of the rise, use, evolution and value of Anglo-American commando and special forces formations 1939-1945." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2008. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-analysis-of-the-rise-use-evolution-and-value-of-angloamerican-commando-and-special-forces-formations-19391945(9381e02a-c94a-4a36-a791-58a6546ad5a4).html.
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Despite the seemingly never failing popularity of the subject in non-scholarly works of popular history, the academic study of specialist formations and irregular warfare has remained as broadly elusive and as specialist as the practitioners of special operations themselves. This thesis serves as a holistic study of the development, application and value of Anglo-American commando and special forces formations, 1943-1945. Placing the development and use of these units within the broader context of the Anglo-American `special relationship' reveals a close, almost symbiotic, bond between Britain and the United States. This relationship, characterised at all levels by a spirit of interdependency and cooperation, was instrumental in how many of these units were conceived and consequently evolved. Although of a mutually supportive nature, it is fair to suggest that the US profited more from a close alliance in these fields than did the British. By the time the US entered the war Britain had already developed a range of unconventional forces and had begun to amass significant experience in their application. The willingness of the British to share this experience and guide their ally's first forays into this field was of the utmost importance to American developments. British support would continue throughout the war to broadly outlast the more general decline of Britain's strategic contribution; it would take time before the US, having gradually forged many of their own unique approaches towards these units, were able to approach the British volume of irregular operations. Despite such clear allied commonality, an analysis of the Anglo-American attitudes towards the inception, organisation, expansion, use and disbandment of the varied commandos and special forces ultimately reveals notable points of divergence between the policies and perceptions of the two allies. This work serves to examine and evaluate how and why Britain and the US, respectively, went about conceiving both commandos and special forces and serves to chart the evolution of their use. Analysing the roles and employment of these formations, charting the evolution of their command and control, and investigating the notion of `correct' use, this study also serves to examine the impact of these formations on the course of the Second World War and, through an assessment of their merits and failings, presents a favourable overall conclusion as towards the value and cost-effective nature of these units
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DeLassus, Leslie Marie. "Salvage historiography: viewing, special effects, and Norman O. Dawn's unpreserved archive." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2203.
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This dissertation excavates the work of early special effects cinematographer Norman O. Dawn in order to explore film spectatorship, the ephemerality of the cinematic image, and motion picture preservation and archival practices. Best known for his innovations of glass and matte shot techniques, Dawn produced 861 composite images while working in the U.S. film industry between 1906 and 1954. Although technological film historians acknowledge the importance of Dawn’s innovations to the development of motion picture special effects, the composite images themselves as well as the films for which they were produced remain in relative obscurity. Rather than attempting to recover these objects for inclusion in an existing film canon, my research interrogates their obscurity by analyzing Dawn’s special effects processes against the broader economic concerns that inform the dominant practices of the US film industry during the first half of the twentieth-century.
My research begins with the Norman O. Dawn collection housed at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, which is the most comprehensive historical record of Dawn’s work in the film industry. Constructed by Dawn himself between 1962 and 1974, this collection consists of 164 poster-sized collages of archival ephemera that illustrate the special effects processes employed in the production of 235 composite images for eighty-five films. While these eighty-five film titles constitute a tentative corpus upon which to base my research, seventy of these films are lost, which raises questions concerning the relationship between motion picture preservation and film history, specifically why these films have not been preserved while others have and to what extent the economic imperatives of the film industry have determined these conditions.
I address these questions in my analysis of archival material related to these films, finding that they traverse several distinct domains of film practice—including early scenic footage for newsreels and the amusement park ride Hale’s Tours of the World, early one-reel travel films, silent-era studio shorts, serials, and B features, and poverty row and independently-produced silent and sound feature-length films—thereby situating Dawn’s special effects at the intersection of the early and contemporary cinematic modes often aligned in studies of cinematic special effects. I argue that this heterogeneous corpus points to a studio-era Hollywood cinema alternative to the classical model, largely forgotten because it is dominated by low-budget product intended to supplement more costly feature films. In contrast to the classical model, this alternate cinematic mode emphasizes the scenic and thrilling elements that characterize both early exhibitionist films and contemporary effects-driven blockbusters. In this context, Dawn’s special effects processes constitute a historically marginalized practice precisely because they are non-routine techniques that provide cost-effective means to produce otherwise economically infeasible scenes, and, as such, operate on the periphery of conventional film production.
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Johnson, Bruce Richard. "The rise of the French organ symphony with special reference to the works of Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002308.
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This thesis on the Rise of the French Organ Symphony refers especially to the relevant works of Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor. It commences with a survey of the historical background, dealing with the development of French organ music from the 16th to 19th Century and the development of organ building in France from the 17th to 19th Century. It then proceeds to descriptions of the organs of St Clotilde, La Trinité and St Sulpice Churches in Paris, which are followed by biographical profiles of Cesar Franck, Alexandre Guilmant and Charles-Marie Widor, respectively. The major part of the thesis is devoted to a detailed analysis of the organ sonatas of Guilmant and the organ symphonies of Widor, which are discussed from the point of their cyclic outline and aspects of form and of style. The final chapter summarises the major findings of the analytical research and evaluates by comparative method, the merits and achievements of the two composers. In addition, Appendices are attached, providing specifications of various French organs and pictorial material relevant to the thesis. A separate cassette tape features characteristic sounds of Cavailie-Coll organs.
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Sletcher, Michael Alan. "The rise of heterodoxy and civic education in seventeenth-century New England, with special reference to Cambridge University and Harvard College." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620490.
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Grusenmeyer, Eric. "Design comparison of ordinary concentric brace frames and special concentric brace frames for seismic lateral force resistance for low rise buildings." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14986.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Architectural Engineering
Kimberly Waggle Kramer
Braced frames are a common seismic lateral force resisting system used in steel structures. Ordinary concentric braced frames (OCBFs) and special concentric braced frames (SCBFs) are two major types of frames. Brace layouts vary for both OCBFs and SCBFs. This report examines the inverted-V brace layout which is one common arrangement. OCBFs are designed to remain in the elastic range during the design extreme seismic event. As a result, OCBFs have relatively few special requirements for design. SCBFs are designed to enter the inelastic range during the design extreme seismic event while remaining elastic during minor earthquakes and in resisting wind loads. To achieve this, SCBFs must meet a variety of stringent design and detailing requirements to ensure robust seismic performance characterized by high levels of ductility. The design of steel seismic force resisting systems must comply with the requirements of the American Institute of Steel Construction’s (AISC) Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings. Seismic loads are determined in accordance with the American Society of Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. Seismic loads are very difficult to predict as is the behavior of structures during a large seismic event. However, a properly designed and detailed steel structure can safely withstand the effects of an earthquake. This report examines a two-story office building in a region of moderately high seismic activity. The building is designed using OCBFs and SCBFs. This report presents the designs of both systems including the calculation of loads, the design of frame members, and the design and detailing of the connections. The purpose of this report is to examine the differences in design and detailing for the two braced frame systems.
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Bridgers, Jr James C. ""And still we rise" a qualitative study of the strengths, challenges, and needs of African American fathers parenting children with special needs /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6900.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Family Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Schulte, Kim. "Pragmatic causation in the rise of the romance prepositional infinitive : a statistically-based study with special reference to Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613685.
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Goodwin, M. Jane. "Soil:plant relationships of species-rich Molinia caerulea dominated communities of the Culm Measures, North Devon, with special reference given to phosphorus cycling." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2535.
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A semi-natural community known locally as Culm grassland in Devon and N. E. Cornwall is under threat from agricultural improvement, abandonment and inappropriate management In the last fifty years 87% of the original area has been lost. Further loss may be prevented by an examination of the factors that influence the plant community and how they may be manipulated by management. Thus the research described in this thesis addressed the soil conditions and the plant communities, with particular reference to phosphorus cycling. In 1992 a preliminary characterisation of soil nutrient and water conditions, and species composition was conducted on a pristine Culm grassland, an improved grassland and a formerly abandoned Culm grassland. A significant elevation in soil extractable phosphorus was found in mid-April in response to fertiliser applications on the improved grassland. Similarities with previous research and an absence of a similar pattern in mineral nitrogen prompted a detailed investigation of phosphorus dynamics in 1993. A better indication of plant 'available' P was found by removing soil solution directly using novel methods of centrifuging and suction cups. Environmental conditions were highly influential. Low concentrations of P in suction cup solutions on Culm grassland indicated that Culm species may remove P at very low concentrations. An investigation of the above-ground biomass found that the uptake of P was highest in M. caerulea. M. Caerulea also influenced the return of P to the soil via organic matter through the production and subsequent breakdown of large quantities of litter. Additions of P to turfs caused a perturbation by enhancing the uptake of P by M. caerulea and increasing P fixation. The data was employed to produce a schematic model of the Culm grassland which identified input and outputs, storage compartments and transfers within the P cycle. This contributed towards making management recommendations for a range of Culm grassland communities which may be maintained, improved or recreated.
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James, David. "The social and political development of Keighley with special reference to the response of the Liberal party to the rise of Labour 1885-1914." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280613.
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Szalos-Farkas, Zoltan. "An exploration of the rise and development of Seventh-Day Adventist spirituality : with special reference to the charismatic guidance of Ellen G. White, 1844-1915." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166606.
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The fundamental question to which a thorough consideration has been given in this research is, ‘What was the Adventist spirituality like that matured from 1844 to 1915’? In answering this question, the current work has proposed to identify and give a documented description and analysis of the crucial features that are most specific to Seventh-day Adventism, determinative of its spirituality. Underlying the above-stated enquiry into Aventism’s spiritual identity, there is a correlated quest at the heart of the current thesis. This is the role which Ellen G. White (1827-1915) and her charismatic ministry played in the shaping of Seventh-day Adventist spirituality primarily within its American socio-cultural context. With regard to this form of piety, the study has thoroughly documented that it is recognisable by a set of distinctive and interrelated features. These characterised the personal and communal spirituality of those who perceived themselves to live within the temporal frame of which they thought to be a yet unprecedented Era of human history and of the history of salvation: the very Time of the End. Having identified the aforementioned fact of the Adventist perception of history, the research has yielded further evidence to substantiate the following conclusions. In Adventism one is faced with a form of Protestant apocalyptic piety of the modern age, identifiable by the following five characteristics: 1) collective consciousness of being the End-Time Remnant; 2) a sense of eschatological crisis; 3) historicist biblical hermeneutic; 4) apocalyptic gospel; 5) a set of three institutions - publishing, health, and education - to promote a specifically ‘Aventist’ lifestyle. Adventist lifestyle has been found to be a representative mode of witnessing to the Adventist faith, with healthy living, six days of diligent work followed by a work-free observance of, and liturgical celebration on, the seventh-day Sabbath (Saturday). From 1844 to the present time, Adventists pursued their spirituality as an act of obedience to the End-Time will and purposes of God. The research has documented that such an understanding of spirituality turned the apocalyptic corpus of the Bible into the prime source of Adventist piety and devotion.
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Cantonnet, Nancy (Nancy Ellen). "The Special Partnership Income Tax Act of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an assessment of its effect on a real estate syndication : a case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72337.
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Marlin, Jeffrey A. "The National Guard, the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, and the National Rifle Association: Public Institutions and the Rise of a Lobby for Private Gun Ownership." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/33.
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Today, the strength of the National Rifle Association (NRA) is understood by the general public and many scholars to be dependent on the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, the right of individuals to own firearms. This dissertation challenges that understanding by focusing on three organizations, the NRA, the National Guard and the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice (NBPRP). While each organization appears in today's world to be distinct and independent, this dissertation reveals how they garnered strength from a symbiotic relationship. The NRA was founded in 1871, originally as a marksmanship organization. The National Guard, which grew from the nation's militia, was formally established in the early twentieth century. The NBPRP was a small organization that was established in 1903 within the War Department at the encouragement of the NRA.
Following passage in 1903 of legislation bringing state militia units under federal control, the newly formed National Guard became dependent on the NRA, which in turn leveraged that dependence to create a nationwide grassroots organization. The NBPRP was headed by the Assistant Secretary of War until 1916 when the position of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship was created, to be held by a U.S. Army or U.S. Marine Corps officer. The NRA acted as the surrogate of the NBPRB outside of the halls of government. At the same time, the NBRPB provided the NRA with a voice within those same halls that aided in the development of federal policy and budget positions related to firearms acquisition, competition, and training.
The purpose of this dissertation is to reveal how the NRA was able to employ these two organizations to develop an exceptionally powerful grassroots organization that today is recognized as one of the most powerful special interest groups in America. Understanding how this powerful organization grew offers one perspective of how the bureaucracy that has been developed to support America's federal system of government is uniquely susceptible to special interest influence.
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Metuzals, Irene H. "Early indications of the rise of the individual in Archaic Greece with special reference to the invention of the alphabet, the colonization movements, the first lyric poetry and the first-life-size statue in marble." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5292.
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Crozier, Michael. "A golden age of design and jounalistic excellence in the UK after the Wapping strike of 1986 : the rise of new technology and the death of the print unions, with special reference to The Independent 1986-1993." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529912.
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Pham, Thai Thuy. "Specialty Rice Adoption, Collective Action and Marketing Channel Choice: Insights from Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E38-4.
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Ke, Yi-Cong, and 柯義聰. "Management of the Special Rice Production and Marketing Areas-Case of Wu-Feng Aromatic Rice." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vy2a9c.
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碩士國立中興大學
農業企業經營管理碩士在職專班
105
Rice is the core industry in Taiwan''s agricultural sector, and it is also the industry that inputs the most agricultural resources. Facing the global climate change and other environmental issues, WTO’s agriculture agreements, economic growth, changes in eating habits and domestic agricultural policy changes and other issues, Taiwan''s rice industry has encountered the important issues of how to promote agricultural transformation and sustain the use of agricultural land. Through the literature review and the SWOT model, this study analyzes the important strategies of successful agricultural transformation for "Wufeng Aromatic Rice". The strengths of "Wufeng Aromatic Rice" include having good irrigation water resource, establishing the multi-year agreement of contract farming, building brand value of "Wufeng Aromatic Rice", mastering food safety requirements, and developing the sightseeing cluster of agricultural tourism. The weaknesses include price competition and product differentiation among many brands of aromatic rice in the market. The threats include insufficient stability of the rice quality, the old- fashioned marketing channels, and the risk of pesticide residues. The opportunities include establishing the database of production and marketing traceability and combining the innovation of rice culture with local leisure tourism. It is suggested that the government may borrow from the relevant experience of Wufeng Aromatic Rice to assist the farmers'' association to continue to promote the special rice production and marketing areas.
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Chang, Hui-wen, and 張惠雯. "Pan-specialty Specialization？The Rise of the Cosmetic Physicians and Re-professionalization in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31593978107983946264.
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碩士國立成功大學
公共衛生研究所
96
Background：In the past, profession theory viewed profession as group of occupations that with same interests, and profession monopolizes market and upgrades itself collectively by professional project .In the process, professional association plays an important role. However, in the new cosmetic medicine market, physician are involved in cosmetic field, which was concerned less knowledge needed and lower professionalization in tradition. Physician from different specialties supply service of cosmetic medicine, and establish six correlative professional associations. Tracing back to the way CSCSM developed, there were not only have correlative educational training, licenses (cosmetic physician specialty license), but also created paramedical occupation (medical cosmetician). These characteristics show that cosmetic medicine is drifting toward a sub-specialty. This phenomenon is beyond the explanation addressed by medical specialization, that comes from traditional professional sociology. Objectives：Taking the development of cosmetic physician in Taiwan for example, to analyze co- competition and strategy-act among inter-profession and intra-profession. The main purpose is to discuss the co- competition and strategy-act among cosmetic physician specialty , paramedical medical, and cosmetician. Herewith the discussion, to review the development of medical profession, and reply the medical profession theory. Material and Method：There are three kind of main sources：(1) Participant observation: Visiting the cosmetic medicine institution and conference.(2) Documentary method :Collecting data from correlative newspapers and magazines, authoritative website, and platform among doctors.(3) In-depth interview : The list about cosmetic physician who practices cosmetic medicine was introduced by multiple channel .And analyze the data finally. Conclusion：(1) By medical instruments renting, capital collecting, hiring, the correlative industries dominate the division of labour not only among doctors of different specialties, but also medical profession and other professions . This thesis indicated that the new function of medical professional associations is providing doctors for qualification to enter market . As a platforms between industries and doctors, these associations provide skill training and working opportunities from industries. making the medical aesthetics market accessible to more kinds of specialty doctors. (2) The process of re-professionalization of cosmetic physicians adopt expertise discourse that not only including risk and scientific discourse but also aesthetic, commerce, and life-style. For the development of cosmetic medicine, these non-medical discourses establish its legitimacy. (3) Tracing back to the way CSCSM developed, its driving force did not come from the demand of the medicine system itself. The professional skill and orientation of development of cosmetic medicine was leaded by industry, and worked by medical professional association. (4) Because the professional skill was afforded by industry in such kind development of sub-specialty, and relatively speaking, its technical threshold is not high to medical profession, so maybe it can be call 「pan-specialty」.
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Lin, En-Te, and 林恩德. "Rice functional genomics study using T‐DNA insertion mutants - characterization of a special mutant 48000A." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64046887259527927242.
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碩士國立中興大學
分子生物學研究所
100
The purpose of this study is try to elucidate the possible cause of the delay germination, shorter plant height and lighter grain weight in a T-DNA insertion rice mutant 48000A. This mutant has its T-DNA inserted at the 147,606th base of BAC OJ1344_B01 on chromosome number 9 and seven annotated genes OA-25, OA-27, OA-29, OA-30, OA-31, OA-36, OA-40 were identified within a 30 kb region flanking to the T-DNA insertion site. Four of them OA-25, OA-29, OA-30, OA-31 were activated in this mutant and they were annotated as the putative Flavonoid 3''- hydroxylase (F3’H) genes. Flavonoid 3''- hydroxylase (F3’H) takes part in the hydroxylation pattern of the β-ring. Several flavonoid substrates such as naringenin, dihydrokaempferol, kaempferol and apigenin, can be hydroxylated by F3’H. Analysis of gene expression profile showed that OA-25 and OA-30 can hardly be detected while OA-29 and OA-31 can be detected in seedlings and leaves in TNG67. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that only OA-25 contains all the three p450 conserved motives: membrane anchor site, Fe (II) iron binding site, and enzyme activity site, and all these four putative F3’H showed different in the two F3’H conserved motives. In order to study the function of these putative F3’H genes, transgenic lines Ubi:OA-29, Ubi:OA-30, Ubi:OA-31 driven by ubiquitin promoter were obtained. All transgenic lines showed delay germination, however, at the maturation stage, only Ubi:OA-30 revealed shorter plant height, low pollen viability and low fertility. Furthermore, 48000A and Ubi:OA-29 have higher flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. It is interesting to realize that the four activated F3’H genes in mutant 48000A were down-regulated under dark condition and showed longer root length.
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"Dangerous rice bowl: risks and their management among Chinese female sex workers (FSWs) in Macau." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894483.
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Cheng, Man Chuen.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-134).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Literature Review --- p.14
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methodology --- p.34
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Emotion --- p.51
Chapter Chapter 5: --- HIV/AIDS and STI --- p.74
Chapter Chapter 6: --- Violence --- p.96
Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.111
Bibliography --- p.117
list of tables
Table 1: Socio -demographic characteristics of FSWs --- p.40
"Table 2: Clients' typology, their descriptions, and FSWs' preference" --- p.87
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Sturm-Flores, Linda. "Specialty Coffee in Costa Rica: Effect of Environmental Factors and Management Options on Soil Chemistry and Microbial Composition." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11024.
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In the Central Valley of Costa Rica in the Department of Heredia, I investigated the soil chemical properties and microbial communities under four native shade tree species in a coffee agroforestry system. In the second year of the study, Effective Microorganisms, a microbial inoculant, was applied to examine its effect on soil chemistry. The shade tree species included in this study were Anonna muricata L., Diphysa americana Mill., Persea americana Mill., and Quercus spp. L.
Plots measured 20 by 30 meters and were replicated three times for each shade tree species except for Quercus spp., which only had two replications. Twelve composite soil samples were collected from each plot in 2008 and again in 2009, and twelve composite foliar samples were taken from the coffee plants in each plot in 2008. The results of this study indicated that the species of native shade tree had a significant effect on soil ammonium-N, nitrate-N, total dissolved nitrogen and magnesium. Sun or shade position had a significant effect on dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon. The species of native shade tree also had a significant effect on the composition of soil microbial communities. PLFA analysis revealed a significant difference in soil fungi abundance in soil samples from Annona plots relative to those from Persea plots. Effective microorganisms in combination with the tree species, as well as in combination with species and sun or shade position, had a significant interaction effect on soil ammonium-N, with the EM-treated plots showing higher concentrations of soil ammonium-N. There was a significant positive correlation between soil pH and foliar calcium, as well as soil dissolved organic nitrogen and foliar %N, at p< 0.01.
This study suggests that Quercus spp. is a tree species that may help to regulate the cycling of nitrogen in the coffee agroecosystem. Annona muricata appears to inhibit the action of some fungal species and may reduce the occurrence of fungal pathogens in the soil, although the present study did not explore this issue. Although Diphysa americana is a legume, it does not appear to increase the amount of soil nitrogen in the vicinity of the coffee plants themselves. All four tree species in this study improve coffee soils by increasing soil concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon. Coffee yield data and long term observations on the health of the coffee plants would clarify whether one of these species is particularly beneficial, from an agronomic perspective, for the productivity of this coffee agroecosystem.
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Gupta, Poonam. "Status of women in agricultural sector: With special reference to women engaged in rice cultivation in Saharanpur District, U.P." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3323.
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"Park-and-Ride Facilities Design for Special Events Using Space-Time Network Models." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.40215.
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abstract: Given that more and more planned special events are hosted in urban areas, during which travel demand is considerably higher than usual, it is one of the most effective strategies opening public rapid transit lines and building park-and-ride facilities to allow visitors to park their cars and take buses to the event sites. In the meantime, special event workforce often needs to make balances among the limitations of construction budget, land use and targeted travel time budgets for visitors. As such, optimizing the park-and-ride locations and capacities is critical in this process of transportation management during planned special event. It is also known as park-and-ride facility design problem.
This thesis formulates and solves the park-and-ride facility design problem for special events based on space-time network models. The general network design process with park-and-ride facilities location design is first elaborated and then mathematical programming formulation is established for special events. Meanwhile with the purpose of relax some certain hard constraints in this problem, a transformed network model which the hard park-and-ride constraints are pre-built into the new network is constructed and solved with the similar solution algorithm. In doing so, the number of hard constraints and level of complexity of the studied problem can be considerable reduced in some cases. Through two case studies, it is proven that the proposed formulation and solution algorithms can provide effective decision supports in selecting the locations and capabilities of park-and-ride facilities for special events.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Civil and Environmental Engineering 2016
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Liu, Hsiao-Yin, and 劉筱吟. "The Special Issues for Modeling a Data-rich Situation — The Rat' s Tumor Growth Data." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jk94ts.
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碩士國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
97
Data-rich data is common seen in experimental study. The data characteristics are a small number of subjects, and each follows a series of repeated measurements. In other words, there is sufficient information on each individual subject. In our study, we take the rat's tumor growth data as example. Our study goals are: First, modeling tumor growth trajectories under different treatments effects. Second, evaluate the efficiencies between different treatments effects. Third, Investigate different tumor growth model. Data-rich data is a longitudinal data. Observations on the same subject are more correlated than observations from different subjects. Hence, the data is not independent. The total variation is composed of the between-subject variation and the within-subject variation. In our data, the heterogeneity of subjects, the laboratory mice, is small. The main effect of observation’s variability is the time effect. The between -subject variation is small and the within-subject variation is relatively large. In addition, the tumor growth trajectory, in our data, follow Exponential growth model. Nonlinear Two-stage model and multilevel model are two methods we utilized in our study. When the number of subjects is small, and there is enough information to model the subject one by one, we could use the Nonlinear Two-stage model. The first stage of Nonlinear Two-stage model is to fit individual separately an exponential growth model. The second stage then combines the parameters estimates to infer the population parameters. Standard Two-stage (STS) use the sample average over the parameters estimates; Global Two-stage (GTS) use the weighted average. Multilevel model is useful for data with hierarchical structure. In our data, each subject follows a series of repeated measurement. Time refers to level-1 and subject refers to level-2. Besides, Exponential growth model could be transformed into linear, so we focus on linear multilevel model. The fixed-effect terms in the model represent the estimated population parameters. The random-effect terms, random-intercept and random-slope, refer the individual’s characteristic. Hence, the variation of random-effect terms represent the between-subject variation. The variation of random errors represents the within-subject variation. We used Nonlinear Two-stage model and multilevel model to analyze the data-rich tumor growth data, with problem of data dependency, and fit tumor growth trajectories. The results show that the within-subject correlation in our data is small, since the between-subject heterogeneity is small. Finally, we investigated different growth models. Gompertz growth model is another popular tumor growth model. Since the tumor growth rate, which limited by capacity, and decreases with the increase tumor volume, Gompertz growth model is more suitable for such S-shape growth curve. Comparing the results of Gompertz growth model to Exponential growth model in our data, we found that the predict tumor growth trajectories of the two models are close to each other. Hence, we concluded that using Exponential growth model in Nonlinear Two-stage method and multilevel model to analyze the tumor growth data seems to be suitable as well.
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Ashley, Dominic Tarlton. "Bureaucratic barriers and constraints to the utilization of indigenous knowledge in sustainable agriculture in Sierra Leone with special reference to rice production /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32504704.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-155).
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WuHongmei and 吳紅梅. "The Rise and Fall of Wen Ming Play with Special Reference to the Case in Shanghai." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96476605959321589547.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
戲劇研究所
93
WenMing play is an initial drama, and it is also called WenMing New play or New play. Shanghai is the birthplace of Chinese Drama, and WenMing play was developed in Shanghai, so this thesis focuses on Shanghai area。 WenMing play is based on students’ performances, and influenced by Japanese XinPai play. It also reflects many specialties of traditional Chinese drama, and learns from western realism drama. From the first performance by ChunLiu troupe in Japan in 1907 to WuSi movement, WenMing play experienced much prosperity and decline, and it took about ten years to turn to initial drama. The fresh art form of WenMing play rapidly reflected reality of life， and its purpose “society education”﹘ developing people’s wisdom and improving society ﹘ not only satisfied its audiences but also fitted with the age, WenMing play has big contribution to improvement of society and foundation of drama. This thesis introduces most important three branches of WenMing play: ChunLiu troupe and ChunLiu theatre, ChunYang troupe and JinHua troupe, XinMing troupe and MinMing troupe. According to rise and decline of these three branches in Shanghai, we can clarify the art form of WenMing play, also establish its position firmly in Chinese drama history, and the thesis finally talks about its contribution and effect for modern drama.
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Reddy, Dean Chris. "The apostolic faith mission of South Africa with special reference to its rise and development in the "Indian" community." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7415.
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This study of the Indian mission of the Apostolic Faith Mission of SA (AFM) covers a period of 16 years since its inception in 1930 in Stanger, Natal. Twenty two years earlier the pentecostal message was introduced to South Africa when the AFM was established. The two White missionary overseers appointed were C.S. Flewelling, from 1930 to 1940, and J.T. du Plessis, from 1940 to 1945. In this initial period crucial missiological
principles were implemented which were to play a major role in influencing the particular developments within the Indian section. The link between the pentecostal movement in South Africa and the Azusa Street revival of 1906 in Los Angeles, USA, emphasises the fact that the pentecostal message that was transplanted here was shaped by various factors in the racist American society of the 19th and early 20th century. The immigrant Indian community in South Africa, who came as labourers, were bedeviled by sociopolitical and economic factors which impinged on their evolution .
The resultant; feeling of insecurity created by these debilitating factors proved to be fruitful soil for the pentecostal movement, which offered a haven to this community on it he fringes of society . The development of the AFM Indian mission was due not merely to the efforts of White missionaries, as is generally held but also to dedicated indigenous pastors.The first three full-time pastors were Samuel Manikkam, David F . Williams and Henry James. These Indian church leaders faced various hardships in the ministry and, in spite of their shortcomings and their struggles, played an integral role in the development of the AFM "Indian"
church. In its development, the AFM has been characterised by a strong
conformity to White societal policy of racial segregation. The effects of this policy is evident in the sectional divisions existent within the AFM, and is indicative of the organisation's close alliance with the political philosophy of the status quo. Together with its ideological bias, the church's theological
conservativism has precluded it from involving itself in affirmative socio-political action in an apartheid ridden society. Further, the Indian Section has been plagued by numerous schisms, resignations and secessions, which has also contributed to the tardy growth of the AFM within this population group. In 1989 the Composite Division of the AFM had been established, comprising the former Indian, Coloured and Black Sections. The
White Section, or Single Division as it has now become known, has remained aloof from this practical initiative towards the formation of one church. As of January 1993 the Indian Section (and the other sections of colour) will theoretically cease to exist. It is clear therefore that the future of the Indian mission lay in the Composite Division, with its hope for one
church in one nation, and serves as a barometer of the coming struggle and reward for a society seeking to rid itself of the final vestiges of racial prejudice.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1992.
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HSIEN, CHIU HSING, and 邱杏嫺. "The special funeral rites of Hsinchu Hakka tradition faith (mixed with Taoism and Buddhism)Studies-Case of Hukou Wansheng altar of worship Xiangshan Rite." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7y7re4.
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碩士輔仁大學
宗教學系碩士在職專班
103
In the Taiwan traditional Chinese society , the etiquette of funeral and interment is very important life course of lifetime of the common people, and especially pay much attention to the traditional customs of the Hakka people in Hsinchu County, the Hakka people, in the past, will according to the customs with a monk, master for the dead "(vegetarian as merit)" pray for Yin Chao Yang Tai, first death of exaltation, filial piety with blessing, "Zhai (for merit)" is always a very important traditional Hakka funeral in Hsinchu County, this study hopes that through the traditional Hakka male death funeral " Yan bai Xiang shan “worship rites, let everyone know the traditional Hakka funeral culture in Hsinchu County, and to further explore the Hakka traditional religious rites in the current era of evolution and inheritance. This papers describes and analysis the traditional Hakka funeral culture, this study covers two key: first, to explore the Hakka male death" Yan bai Xiang shan “ worship rites origin? How to make" Yan bai Xiang shan “ worship ceremony performances? traditional Hakka Buddhist monk altar flowers why? Second, the traditional instrument of Hakka " Yan bai Xiang shan “ worship ceremony related with Xiangshan Baojuan in traditional literature? The whole study is divided into five chapters: the first chapter reviews the research of traditional Buddhist monk flowers, the second chapter the development history of Hakka ethnic by Hsinchu county and the Hakka traditional Buddhism and Buddhist monk of Hukou fragrant Wansheng Tan for Family Chen, the third chapter analyzes the Hakka male death worship Xiangshan and beliefs in order to understand the meaning of a Buddism godness Guanyin belief, traditional Hakka religious culture, the fourth chapter is Family Luo in Hukou, Hsinchu County, the traditional funeral field study, understanding of the traditional Hakka culture and Hakka funeral contemporary Hsinchu County Buddhist monk flowers activity status, the fifth chapter is conclusions and recommendations, hope the article can let more people with vision and thinking to different understanding of Hakka traditional religious culture. In the past twenty years, the rise of Taiwan local culture consciousness, we constantly think about a lot of ”Hakka people "and" traditional Hakka culture "topic, and disappearing traditional Hakka religious culture is one of the most, so the author puts forward three points: first, the traditional Hakka religious culture re to examine and understand the needs, through literature and field assisted recording more, and no longer confined to the past standard of Hakka argument, second, to consolidation and preservation of traditional Hakka Buddhist monk altar flowers with the ceremony, it is urgent, must be matched with a variety of sorting and storage records, such as the use of photo, Writing, Oral record…etc, three, when the Hakka people find their cultural dignity and self-confidence, the establishment of Hakka people's unique cultural confidence by the good traditional Hakka, rather than continue to bear or the existence of ethnic inferiority. Keywords: Hakka, Zhai (vegetarian as merit), Buddhism, Xiangshan Baojuan, a Buddism godness Guanyin belief
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Torti, Dax. "Functional Roles of the SWI/SNF ATPase Brahma Related Gene 1 (BRG1) and Special AT-Rich Binding Protein (SATB1) in Virus Response and Innate Immunity." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32831.
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The innate immune response is a primary transcriptional defence network activated by interferons (IFNs) α/ β in response to viral infection. A cell must have the capability to detect the virus, activate signalling cascades, and engage transcriptional anti-viral networks. IFNs trigger the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family, which in turn induce anti-viral gene expression. Recruitment of STATs to IFN stimulated gene (ISG) promoters and the ensuing gene induction requires Brahma Related Gene 1 (BRG1), the catalytic component of the SWI/ SNF chromatin remodelling (or BAF) complex.
Cell lines with high BRG1 expression are hyper-responsive to IFN induced transcription, conversely BRG1 low cells exhibit impaired induction. However, BRG1 high cells that are resistant to Encephalomyocarditis virus infection did not require signalling through the IFN receptor complex for anti-viral immunity. This suggested 2F-BRG1 cells must rely on BRG1 dependent non-ISGs or an as yet uncharacterized subset of basally expressed BRG1-dependent ISGs that do not require IFN enhanced expression for anti-viral activity. Utilizing genome wide microarrays we identified five genes with potent anti-viral activity. These genes may restrict viral infection through alterations in integrin signalling, endosomal trafficking, and activation of host transcriptional responses.
We also investigated the role of Special AT-Rich Binding Protein (SATB1) in regulation of IFN responsive genes. The loss of this chromatin binding protein is associated with transcriptional changes in the MHC locus that mimic IFNγ induced expression. Through microarray analysis we discovered a remarkable 47% of IFNα regulated genes were co-regulated by SATB1; 42% of IFNα induced genes were induced by SATB1 knock down, while 63% of IFNα repressed genes were SATB1 dependent. Functionally, knock down of SATB1 protected cells from EMCV induced cell death at low multiplicity of infection (MOI), and increased the cytoprotective effect of IFNα against EMCV at higher MOIs.
Analysis of IFNα, SATB1 and BRG1 regulated genes revealed a subset of core genes regulated by all three factors that may be critical to robust anti-viral immunity. The potent immunosuppressive properties of SATB1 suggest this protein may be involved in complex immunopathologies. The immuno-modulatory properties of SATB1 and BRG1 established in this thesis provide substantive evidence for the development of pharmaceutical therapies targeting these proteins.
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Chiang, Yee-Chun, and 姜宜均. "The Rise of China and the Transformation of International Institutional Rules: the Cases of Anti-dumping Rules and Special Safeguard Mechanism during the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96110654418435584000.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
99
Since the Chinese economic reform started in 1978, China’s economic power has attracted the world’s attention because of its rapid development. A lot of literatures have argued that is China proving to be a status quo power or a revisionist power, when she faces the current international order which reflected the interests of the United States? This thesis compared two cases, which are “Anti-dumping Rules” and “Special Safeguard Mechanism” during the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization, to analyze: (a) the intention and capability of the behavior of China in the WTO; (b) the impact of economic and trade interests on China’s intention in the negotiations; (c) the impact of the negotiation power on the result of changing the regime. This thesis borrowed the concept of the Power Transition Theory and the framework of the negotiation literatures to define China’s economic and trade interests according to the domestic economic structure and international rules on economic and trade, and to define the negotiation power of the coalition according to its relative economic and trade power compared with the rival coalition. Based on the concept and framework, this thesis proposed two hypotheses, which are: (a) the bigger the economic and trade interests of China are, China will be more active attempting to change the rules; (b) the bigger the negotiation power of China’s coalition has, the result of changing the rules is more obvious. After observing and comparing the two cases, this thesis found out that, (a) anti-dumping measures have little impact on export trade of China, otherwise China is one of the principal users of anti-dumping measures, therefore, China has little incentive to substantially modify the Anti-dumping Agreement. FANs as the main advocate of the negotiation on anti-dumping rules, has influential negotiation power though, the negotiation on anti-dumping rules has made little progress because of fierce opposition from the United States; (b) SSM is a useful remedy for China that could reduce the damage causing by import surges, hence China has enough incentive to opposite the proposal of the United States. In the meanwhile the negotiation power of the rival coalition is weaker, the current trend of the negotiation on SSM consequently is towards to the proposal of China’s coalition. Two hypotheses were both proved.
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Mushayavanhu, David. "The spiritual weakness of Western Missionary Founded Churches as the cause of the rise of Africa Independent Churches in Zimbabwe with special reference to theUniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37314.
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This dissertation is an attempt to analyse and investigate ways of responding to the poor UPCSA missional approach to Zimbabwean society. The desire to write this dissertation was born out of the experience of working for the past six years as an ordained minister of this denomination in the Presbytery of Zimbabwe, there are six congregations with the right to call a minister, thirty grant receiving and fifteen preaching stations in the whole country which is serviced by thirteen ministers, including probationers. The UPCSA has a total of four thousand five hundred and ninety seven members not counting Sunday school children. The dissertation seeks to survey the history of how the people in the Presbytery of Zimbabwe came to be some of fewer memberships as compared to other denominations in the country. It will focus on colonial and post –colonial events, which led to evangelizing the nation.
The spiritual weakness which the people of Presbytery of Zimbabwe (POZ) experience is a product of the evangelism mode of missional approach to society and the failure to contextualize the Good-News. This dissertation considers the possibility of how to correct this state of affairs.
Spiritually weak people have been destroyed precisely because they have reduced them to products. How to understand the context and achieve that change is the central issue which the writer addresses in this dissertation.Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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