Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spéciation – Soufre – Composés organiques'
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Bravo, Mercado Manuel. "Spéciation des composés organostanniques dans les sédiments et matériaux biologiques du littoral chilien par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la photométrie de flamme pulsée (GC-PFPD)." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3027.
Full textIn this work the development of an analytic methodology based on "headspace" soild phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-PFPD) were carried out. It showed to be efficient, fast and simple for the simultaneous determination of eight organotins. The chemometrical optimisation of extraction allowed to reach instrumental limits of detection more lower than 1 ng (Sn) l-1. During the analysis of some Chilean sediments the unknown signal presence on chromatograms were found. The GC-MS use demonstrated that these signals correspond to sulphur compounds. The application of HS-SPME allowed to solve these problems and it appears as a promising alternative thanks to its high sensitivity and selectivity for the organotin determination by GC-PFPD on the complex samples. For the first time, the tin speciation on environmental samples coming from the Chilean coastal sites was determinated. Only butyltins were determinated (MBT, DBT and TBT). Their concentrations are variable and it depends of sampled sites and their proximity with contamination sources. The determination of the total concentrations of metals and metalloids on more contaminated sites allowed to classify the samples in two groups. Besides, factor analysis evidenced relationships between some elements concentrations and organotin compounds. This result suggests a common anthropogenic source for butyltins, arsenic and copper, chemicals species used in antifouling paints
Bouyssière, Brice. "Spéciation du mercure et de l'arsenic dans les condensats de gaz." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3019.
Full textThe PhD presents the development of the analytical method for the speciation of organic mercury and organic arsenic compounds in petroleum products (gas condensates and condensate fraction). These compounds present in some gas condensates can cause major problems in petroleum industry during production or refinery treatment processes (catalyst poisoning, corrosion of aluminium in steam cracker cold boxes, environmental pollution). The understanding of speciation of these elements is required to predict and improve the efficiency of mercury and arsenic removal technologies. The coupling between a separation method (gas chromatography) and a specific, sensitive and powerful detector (ICP MS) was optimized. The analyses of gas condensates by this hyphenated technique show that metallic mercury and Hg2+ are the main species present. The investigation of speciation of arsenic species by this coupling shows a number of volatile arsenic species (Et3As, Et3AsS, Ph3As)
Blic, Arnaud de. "Réactivité d'hétérocumulènes vis-à-vis d'énolates fonctionnalisés : synthèse et réactivité de sulfinamoylesters, sulfamoylesters et sulfénamides, inhibiteurs de l'alcool coniférylique déshydrogénase (CADH)." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30068.
Full textLarge, Sylvie. "Utilisation du fluoroforme comme agent de trifluorométhylation anionique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10136.
Full textSchies, Catherine. "Etude de la réactivité de molécules sulfurées fonctionnalisées vis à vis de systèmes électrophiles et nucléophile." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Schies.Catherine.SMZ9606.pdf.
Full textReactivity of sulfurated functionnalised compounds towards electrophile (Me3SiI, H+) or nucleophilic (NaI) systems has been developped in this study. In a first step, we have prepared : (poly)sulfurated alcohols, (poly)sulfurated halides, chloro-sulfoxides and sulfones, symmetrical polysulfides and polyfunctionalised heterocycles containing sulfur. Thus, we controlled the influence of different parameters on the reaction as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the identified products. Moreover, the reaction has been optimised in order to promote the synthesis of 1. 4-dithiane. This works have led new products and allowed to highlight a new synthetical method for the preparative of polysulfides
Preda, Loredana. "La réactivité chimique des radicaux chargés de dérivés organiques du soufre et de l'azote." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S087.
Full textTwo research directions have been developed in the present PhD thesis : firstly, the influence of the structure of the substrate on the cathodic reactivity of some sulphides and sulphones electrogenerated species was studied. The results for all compounds evidence that the delocalisation of the impair electron is the factor governing the behaviour of these compounds at the electrochemical reduction. Secondly, the influence of the ionic liquids on the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics was investigated for the reduction of a series of nitro aromatic and aliphatic compounds. The results showed that the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics is strongly influenced by the ionic character of the ionic liquid
Ficheux, Damien. "Synthèse de peptides thiolés et étude de leur complixation par des cations métalliques." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10053.
Full textBenezeth, Pascale. "Etude expérimentale de la spéciation du gallium et de la complexation de l'aluminium et du gallium avec l'ion acétate en solution aqueuse." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30222.
Full textBerrada, Khalid. "Synthèse d'oligomères téléchéliques isomoléculaires soufrés et leurs applications dans les polyuréthannes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20061.
Full textMhaouer, Mostapha. "Elimination des aromatiques dans les gazoles : hydrogénation de la tétraline sur catalyseur sulfure de ruthénium sur zéolithe." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2333.
Full textWeber, Jean-Victor. "Nouvelles réactions d'oxydoréduction polyphasiques en synthèse organique." Metz, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1986/Weber.Jean_Victor.SMZ8626.pdf.
Full textSupported reactifs present some advantages in organic synthesis : simplification of experimental procedures, use of common solvents, regeneration and reuse of support. The first goal of this work was the exploration of some new reactions using exchange resins. For classical functionel transformations or for sulfides and selenides preparations. Thus, we have realized : the hydrogenolysis of primary halides by a borohydrure resin. In the second part of this work, we extend the study of oxydatite properties of chlorite and hypochlorite salts. Thus we have found chemoselective conditions for the oxydation sulfide, sulfoxide using factorial design. We propose an previsionnal method for chemical shift determination in NMR 13C of sulfide, sulfone, sulfoxyde and selenide
HENRIET, ERIC. "Nouvelles reactions des xanthates s-propargyliques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0019.
Full textCozic, Amandine. "Distribution et role des composés soufrés réduits volatils sur la spéciation métallique." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GLOB0019.
Full textA sensitive, precise and rapid analytical method was elaborated to measure simultaneously 5 volatile reduced sulfur compounds (VRSC) ; hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), methane thiol (MeSH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The study of VRSC in the Bay of Quiberon highlights seasonal and interannual variations of concentrations in epibenthic zone. H2S analyzed near the sediment water interface (anoxic microzones), is moreelevated in summer. The OCS distribution is consistent with a predominant photodegradation in winter and a sedimentary source in summer. The variations of MeSH, DMS and DMDS are correlated with the Dinophyceae abundance. In the Seine estuary, the absence of volatile H2Sin the up estuary is explained by the presence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ (complexation). No significantinteractions are observed between silver and OCS, MeSH, DMS. The distribution of MeSH, DMS and DMDS is linked to the phytoplanktonic abundance whereas the OCS's is governed by the organic sulfur compounds photodegradation and the sedimentary diffusion. In a phytoplanktonicculture submitted to increasing silver concentrations, the H2S concentration not seem to be influenced by the metal ions. The DMS degradation may be explained the increase of MeSH and DMDS concentrations. The OCS analyzed may be produced by the degradation of biogenic (phytoplankton) sulfur compounds
Stitou, Mohamed. "Cinétique de la demande en chlore des eaux de consommation : effet de la déchloration par le soufre tétravalent." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2290.
Full textVallet, Amélie. "Etude de la synthèse des composés soufrés volatils issus du catabolisme de la méthionine par Œnococcus œni." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21479.
Full textLaversanne, René. "Localisation électronique et mise en ordre des spins dans les conducteurs organiques." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10506.
Full textAnocibar, Beloqui Ángel. "Contribution à l'étude des composés soufrés volatiles des vins rouges." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20611.
Full textBureau, Cécile. "Etude des interactions calixarènes - composés volatils : mise en forme, caractérisation, propriétés de films calixaréniques et thiacalixaréniques." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10248.
Full textBaumgartner, João Batista. "Empoisonnement par des thiocomposés de catalyseurs supportés à base de nickel : approche magnétique et catalytique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10237.
Full textSalles, Wendell Ferreira de la. "Sulfochloration par le chlorure de surfuryle : un procédé alternatif pour la fabrication d'alcanesulfonates secondaires." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT016G.
Full textMallard, Alain Laurent. "Vers de nouveaux complexes thiométalliques : réactivité de tétrathiométallates [MS4]z-(M=V, Mo, W) vis à vis de composés organiques électrophiles : un alcyne substitué et des isothiocyanates substitués." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0015.
Full textLa synthèse de nouveaux dérivés soufrés de métaux de transition est motivée par leur implication dans des domaines aussi variés que la catalyse pour la compréhension des processus d'hydrodésulfuration, la chimie bioinorganique dans la modélisation de sites actifs d'enzymes ou la médecine. Récemment, nous avons développé une stratégie de synthèse qui consiste à faire réagir des tétrathiométallates [MS4]z- (M = V, Mo, W) vis à vis de composés organiques électrophiles insaturés, dans le but de synthétiser de nouveaux complexes thiométalliques. L'architecture moléculaire des composés obtenus ainsi que les processus rédox complexes qui ont lieu lors de leur formation dépendent implicitement de la nature du métal de transition et de celle du composé organique. L'addition de l'acétylène dicarboxylate de méthyle (DMA) sur VS43-, MoS42- et WS42- a permis d'isoler de nombreux complexes à ligands dithiolène. Plusieurs types structuraux ont été caractérisés : mononucléaires [M(O)(η2-S2C2(CO2Me)2)2]2- (M = V, W) et [M(η2-S2C2(CO2Me)2)3]2- et dinucléaires [M2(S)2(µ-S)2(η2-S2C2(CO2Me)2)2]2- (M = Mo, W) et [W2(µ-S)2(η2-S2C2(CO2Me)2)4]2-. La génération in situ des ligands soufrés, difficilement accessibles par voies directes, constitue un autre point fort de cette stratégie de synthèse. Ainsi l'action des tétrathiométallates sur des isothiocyanates substitués (RNCS) représente une voie d'accès efficace à de nouveaux complexes à ligands dithiocarbimate : [V2(µ-S2)2(η2-S2CNPh)4]4-, [V3(µ3-S)(µ-S2)2(η2-S2CNR)3]5- (R = C6H11, Me) et [M2(S)2(µ-S2)(η2-S2CNR)2]2- (M = Mo, W) (R = Ph, C6H11, Me). Afin d'expliquer la formation de ces composés, différents chemins réactionnels ont été proposés
Carlier-Pinasseau, Catherine. "Spéciation des organoétains dans le réseau hydrologique en GC-FPD aprés éthylation par NaBEt4 : développement de la méthode analytique." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3017.
Full textAdenot, Aurélien. "Activation et transformation catalytique de SO₂ par des composés organométalliques et organiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF014.
Full textNotably produced during the combustion of fossil carbon resources including sulfur impurities, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is one of the major pollutants in our atmosphere. Toxic for both humans and the environment, its conversion represents thus a major challenge. Indeed, its use as a source of sulfur for fine chemicals offers a triple benefit : economic, health and ecological. With this in mind, we took an interest in the formation of sulfones from SO₂, through the use of metallic catalysts and organosilanes, which are mild, non-toxic and inexpensive nucleophilic compounds. We also studied the interaction between SO₂ and frustrated Lewis pairs paving the way for organocatalyzed SO₂ value-adding reactions. The development of such processes requires a detailed understanding of SO₂ reactivity and of mechanisms of activation and transformation of this gas. Therefore, a particular attention has been paid to the study of these reactions operating modes
Maziani, Pierre-Xavier. "Vers une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme de transfert de soufre pour la maturation des formiate déshydrogénases microbiennes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0174.
Full textFormate dehydrogenases (FDH) use a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) to convert reversibly formate into CO2. FDH’s Moco must be sulfurated by the dimeric sulfur-transferase protein FdhD. In Escherichia coli, the protein FdhD possesses one flexible loop per monomer, each one bearing two essential cysteines and assuring sulfur transfer from the cysteine desulfurase IscS to the Moco. We studied the sulfur transfer mechanism through two working axis: i) the structural basis of FdhD/IscS interaction, and ii) the functional importance of the two flexible loops of FdhD. Through biochemistry and biophysics approaches, we showed that FdhD/IscS interaction is highly dynamic and also shows a high affinity. We also showed that the complex has a FdhD4-IscS2 stoichiometry, questioning on the role of each flexible loop since two loops are available for transfering only one sulfur atom from IscS. Thanks to a chimeric equivalent of the FdhD dimer, we showed that only one catalytic loop is sufficient to sulfurate Moco efficiently, and that the variant possessing only one cysteine per loop is active, though less efficient. Also, we showed that FdhD homologs possessing only one cysteine per loop are active. To conclude, we propose a model of Moco sulfuration by FdhD involving two cysteine residus originating either from the same loop, or from two different loops. In the latter case, the two loops would cooperate to provide the two cysteines required for sulfur transfer
Pripis-Nicolau, Laura. "Composés soufrés volatils du vin et métabolismes des bactéries lactiques." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR21005.
Full textDuring malolactic fermentation the secondary metabolism of mactic acid bacteria (LAB) contributs in a notable way to the organoleptic modification of wine. Among the many substrates of wine we chose to study the sulphur amino acids. We show that, LAB are able to metabolize cysteine and methionine to form volatile sulphur compounds. However, after malolactic fermentation only the concentration of 3-(methylsulfanyl) propionic acid, compound resulting from the metabolism of methionine, presents a significant increase. Its formation by LAB could contribute to the wine aroma. More fundamental data were collected. They highlight the implication of simultaneous desamination and demethylation of methionine. Moreover, a transaminase the limiting step in interesting volatile sulphur compounds formation was characterized. Finally, this work led to the partial purification, characterization and sequencing of the enzyme responsible for transamination of methionine by OEnococcus oeni IOEB 8908
Darwis, Djaswir. "Arylation de nucléophiles soufrés, phosphorés et halogénés catalysée par des complexes du nickel et du palladium." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20011.
Full textFlandrin, Yannick. "Mesure des émissions automobiles de composés organiques volatils et de dérivés carbonylés : application à la modélisation eulérienne de la pollution atmosphérique." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-27.pdf.
Full textRitsema, Rob. "Développement des méthodes de couplage pour la spéciation de l'étain, de l'arsenic et du mercure dans l'environnement : application au contrôle des teneurs en composés organostanniques dans les eaux côtières néerlandaises." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3032.
Full textWernert, Véronique. "Rôle de la matière organique dans le transport et la spéciation du mercure." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13028.
Full textIn order to better understand the role of organic matter (OM) in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury (Hg), field studies in the Ill river basin (Alsace) as well as sorption and transport experiments of Hg(II) in batch and column reactors were performed. The sorption of Hg(II) onto a natural quartz sand with or without OM and the transport of Hg(II) alone, OM alone and Hg(II) in the presence of OM through a natural or a pure quartz sand were studied with respect to pH, initial concentration of Hg(II) or MO, etc. OM is either a commercial humic acid (HA) (Aldrich) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the Ill river. In an aquatic ecosystem, the concentrations of the dissolved or particulate Hg result from interactions of Hg with organic ligands (DOC) and particles but also from settling of these Hg contaminated particles towards sediments. These results are in good agreement with those obtained in the laboratory. Indeed, Hg(II) has a very strong affinity for (hydr)oxides and clays present at low levels in the sand. On the other hand due to the presence of HA or natural OM, which complexes Hg, the sorption of Hg decreases. The transport of Hg in the presence of HA and DOC is thus strongly increased. It would be possible to assume formation of ternary surface complexes of type B between the surface, the ligands and Hg. The sorption thermodynamic results were interpreted from Langmuir type relationship. The stability constants between Hg and OM determined in this study range between 3 and 6 (log K)
Honraedt, Aurélien. "Nouvelles approches de synthèse du tert-butane sulfinamide." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30304.
Full textCreation of chiral sp3 carbon centre is a fundamental issue in modern organic chemistry, especially to synthesize biologically active molecules. Among the different known methods, the use of tert-butyl sulfinamide as a chiral auxilliary had shown excellent results, in particular for the synthesis of chiral amines such as amino acids. Despite of the large description of examples using this auxilliary, few methods of synthesis of this compound are described. Moreover, these pathways use expensive starting materials and produce undesirable secondary compounds. We developed with our industrial partner a new pathway for the synthesis of tert-butyl sulfinamide. First we concentrate our efforts to optimize known methods from the literature. The intermediate chloro-sulfinyl compounds are generally unstable and the conditions of reaction are rather difficult to implement. So we developed in a second time a new methodology using phthalimide skeleton as a stabilizing group in tert-butyl sulfur compounds. The synthesized products are very stable, obtained with good yields, and easily purified. This methodology permits us to obtain the tert-butyl sulfinamide in this racemic and enantiopur forms
Hanin, Sylvie. "Thermoréduction des sulfates dans les réservoirs pétroliers : approche moléculaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13079.
Full textLe, Gac Marjorie. "Développement et validation de méthodes analytiques pour la spéciation des organoétains et de l'arsenic par GC-PFPD." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3015.
Full textOrganotin and arsenic compounds have been recognised as responsible of very serious environmental contamination and the European Community has listed them as priority pollutants. In these conditions, the aim of this work was to develop analytical methods able to speciate and detect these compounds at low concentration levels in the different parts of the environment. The accelerated solvent extraction of the tri-organotin compounds has been developed and compared to the classical solid/liquid extraction. Headspace solid-phase microextraction has been investigated for the first time for the speciation analysis of fourteen organotin compounds in environmental samples. The limit of detection obtained are widely sub ng(Sn)/L. The potential of the GC-PFPD was also evaluated for the analysis of different forms of arsenic. The optimised method was successfully applied to spiked spring waters
Messalhi, Abdelrani. "Etude des compétitions d'adsorption de composés azotés et soufrés dans des conditions industrielles d'hydrotraitement catalytique." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20189.
Full textKinani, Aziz. "Spéciation de composés organohalogénés constitutifs des AOX issus de la monochloramination des eaux brutes de rivières." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX077.
Full textOver the last years, various studies have been carried out to identify and quantify the organohalogen by-products (OXBPs) resulting from the treatment of river waters with monochloramine. A particular effort was made to monitor the regulated and/or known organohalogen by-products with the analytical parameter AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halides). This parameter estimate the quantity of organohalogen by-products generated.A recent inventory shows that despite the large number of these compounds on "real" water samples, the percentage of these identified by-products attributable to monochloramine treatment remains very low.The thesis project is a continuation of previous studies carried out by EDF R&D on the speciation of OXBPs constituents of AOX, according to an interconnected analytical approach. This latter allowed the reduction of uncertainties related to how the material balance was established : (1) setting up efficient extraction and enrichment protocols for OXBPs on solid phase, (2) the development of sensitive analytical methods for monitoring simultaneously several known OXBPs, (3) improving the reliability of the AOX measurement method by improving its sample preparation step and developing a method of analyzing Analysis in order to establish the rate of incorporation of the various halides (Cl, Br, I) in AOX, and (4) non-targeted screening tests by GC-MS and LC-MS, as well as analysis in high resolution by FT-ICR/MS for the identification of OXBPs with high molecular weight.This approach was applied to real water samples and increased sensitivity to current methods, as well as the identification of new OXBPs not listed in previous EDF R&D studies
Zuliani, Téa. "Evaluation critique de procédures analytiques pour la spéciation des organoétains dans les échantillons environnementaux terrestres." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3040.
Full textThe toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of organotin compounds (OTCs) led to the development of sensitive and selective analytical methods for their determination, mostly in marine environment. Little information about OTCs pollution of terrestrial ecosystem is available. Therefore, the aims of the research work was to critically asses and optimize analytical methods for the determination of butyl-, phenyl-, and octyltin compounds in solid samples from terrestrial ecosystem. In order to optimise the extraction method for simultaneous determination of butyl, phenyl, and octyltin compounds in sewage sludge five different extractant (TMAH, HC1 in methanol, acetic acid, mixure of acetic acid and methanol (3/1) et mixture of acetic methanol and water (1/1/1), the presence or not of a complexing agent (tropolone) and the use of different modes of extraction (mechanical stirring, microwave and ultrasonic assisted acetic acid as extractant and mechanical stirring for 16 h or sonification for 30 mn. A procedure for butyl- and phenyltin determination in soils by headspace solid phase microextration gas chromograpgy pulsed flame photometric detection was investigated. The results showed that HS-SOPME+-GC-PFPD is reliable and sensitive enough for the determination of butyltins and MPhT in soils samples. During the analyses of OTCs in sewage sludge by GC-PFPD, some spectral interferences were observed. For their elimination detector parameters such as wavelength, gate delay and gate width were investigated. The interferences were appreciably reduced when the wavelength of 390 nm was applied and the emission signal was recorded under a gate delay of 3ms and a gate width 2 ms. This enabled selective and accurate determination of OTCs in sewage sludge
Bancon-Montigny, Chrystelle. "Optimisation d'une technique analytique couplée (GC-PFPD) pour la spéciation des composés organostaniques. : Application à leur suivi dans le cycle hydrologique." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3039.
Full textConsidering the high toxicity of organotin compounds and the projections of European standards in waters, sensitive analytical methods are required to perform monitoring programs in the water cycle. Speciation technique gas chromatography - pulsed flame photometric detection (GC-PFPD) was optimised. This technique offers a number of significant improvements : increased sensitivity, greater selectivity, high reliability and reduced the costs of the analysis. Monitoring programs performed showed a contamination background irrespective of the water considered. Concentrations at alarming levels were also measured, showing resistance of these compounds and regular monitoring is necessary. Preliminary sorption study of these compounds on sewage sludge was carried out, illustrating their high ability to adsorb on the sludge
Spitz, Cédric. "Synthèse et réactivité de sulfénamides cycliques énantiopurs : Accès facile à des 1,4-benzothiazépines et à des1,3-benzothiazines." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2046.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis and the reactivity of benzisothiazolines, enantiopur cyclic sulfenamides. These compounds have been synthesized easily from enantiopur sulfoxides in two steps with good overall yields (from 36 to 62%). However, their synthetic potential has never been exploited. In this context, we decided to study their reactivity toward alkynes in order to synthesize 1,4-benzothiazepines. Thus, we developed an original method using fluoride ions as nucleophilic catalyst. This allowed the synthesis of 1,4-benzothiazepines (nine compounds with yields from 35 to 86%) in one step when the alkyne is disubstitued by an ester or a nitrile group. The same reaction using terminal alkynes lead to the unexpected synthesis of 1,3-benzothiazines (yields from 57 to 96%), their formation would start with the deprotonation of the alkyne by CsF. Furthermore, we succeeded in promoting only the formation of 1,4-benzothiazepines instead of 1,3-benzothiazines using pyridine as catalyst in DME instead of CsF in acetonitrile. A last approach in two steps allowed to synthesize 1,4-benzothiazepines substitued by an alkyl group in position 2 : α-sulfanylation of an aldehyde in presence of diethylamine, then cyclization catalysed by p-toluenesulfonic acid
Toulgoat, Fabien. "Synthèse de nouveaux anions organiques fluorés, électrolytes pour batteries au lithium et piles à combustible." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10002.
Full textA new synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides, key intermediates of sulfonates, sulfonamides and sulfonimides, was developed. This method, based on the use of silanes as precursors of sulfinates, allows us to carry out “one pot” transformations. Furthermore, sulfonyl fluorides can be obtained from the corresponding sulfinates by electrophilic fluorination. Then, sulfonyl fluorides hydrolysis affords sulfonates. Reactions of sulfonyl fluorides with benzylamine prove to be more efficient than CF3SO2NH2. Finally, the benzyl group is cleaved very easily by reaction with ethanol without any hydrogen or metal. By this method, a series of sulfonimides were synthesised. As an alternative to the reaction between sulfonyl fluorides and amines, sulfonamides can be prepared from sulfinamides
Striolo, Philippe. "Oxydation d'effluents organiques aqueux par le peroxyde d'hydrogène à haute température : procédé WPO." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0006.
Full textMarcic, Christophe. "Evaluation du transfert des polluants organostatiques dans le système sol-plante à partir de l'épandage de boue de station d'épuration." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3027.
Full textHerbert, Burgos Carole. "Caractérisation et utilisation de la membrane MORGANE ARA dans les procédés électromembranaires : Reconcentration de l'acide sulfurique." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20138.
Full textTannous, Johny. "Lubrification par les composés organo-soufrés en phase gazeuse : Approche de la lubrification dans la coupe dees métaux." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2090_jtannous.pdf.
Full textThe organo-sulphur compounds are used as extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear (AW) additives in several industrial applications and particularly in metal working lubrication. In these kinds of applications in boundary lubrication, the severe conditions of friction (high temperatures and pressures) generate phenomena of seizing and thus cause important wear and welding between the contact surfaces. To solve these problems, AW/EP additives as the sulphur compounds are added to the base oils in order to reduce wear, friction and the pressure effect between the contact surfaces. These sulphur molecules act on metal surface to form metal sulphides containing tribofilms. The chemical composition of these tribofilms is not clearly identified and the reactions mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this work, we develop an original approach to simulate the boundary lubrication of the sulphur compounds in liquid phase by the gas phase lubrication with an environmentally controlled tribometer. The approach by gas phase lubrication confirms the results obtained in liquid lubrication showing a difference of tribological behaviours between the alkanethiols and polysulphides. These organo-sulphur compounds (alkanethiols and polysulphides) decompose under shearing effect, only on activated metallic surface, to form a tribofilm. The tribological properties are related to the nature of tribofilms composed of iron sulphides (FeS/Fe1-xS) in the case of the alkanethiols, a mixture of iron sulphides (FeS/Fe1-xS) and iron disulphide (FeS2) in the case of polysulphides. The difference in behaviour seems related to the tribofilms structure. The iron sulphides (FeS/Fe1-xS) have a lamellar structure which confers to them good friction reducing properties in comparison with iron disulphide (FeS2) which has an orthorhombic structure, the latter does not give any effect on friction reducing. The iron disulphide (FeS2) seems to have an important effect under severe conditions in order to prevent welding of surfaces. These new results are significant and have never been observed before by traditional approaches
Wiromartono, Wiranto. "Étude des relations entre la structure chimique de quelques additifs organiques soufrés et leurs propriétés extrême-pression et les dérivés soufrés en lubrification." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066154.
Full textBuzier, Rémy. "Évolution de la spéciation des métaux dans les eaux résiduaires urbaines lors du traitement par boues activées." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002521010204611&vid=upec.
Full textIn the European water framework directive context, we have studied metals in urban wastewaters for their potential threat to natural water bodies. The ecotoxicological effects of metals strongly depend on their speciation, which is still difficult to determine in complex media such as wastewaters. This work aims to assess metal speciation in urban wastewaters and its evolution until wastewater discharge into receiving waters, particularly during the wastewater treatment process. In this way, the diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) has been evaluated as a metal speciation tool for wastewaters. Then, this tool has been used to measured labile metal in various wastewater samples collected in various wastewater treatment plants. In addition, different laboratory experiments have been performed to assess organic matter biodegradtion effect on metal speciation during activated sludge treatment. We have validated the DGT technique for the study of metal speciation in urban wastewaters and a first characterisation of labile metals measured by DGT has been made. The laboratory work showed that organic matter biodegradation removes only stronger ligands, weak ligands being removed during activated sludge process probably through adsorption or flocculation processes. Measurements performed on field samples showed that wastewater treatment plant effect on labile metal was variable and does not seem to depend on the treatment process or residence time within the system
Dauchy, Xavier. "Spéciation des butylétains dans les sédiments marins par couplage chromatographie en phase liquide - plasma à couplage inductif/spectrométrie de masse (HPLC-ICP-MS)." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3003.
Full textHebting, Yanek. "Elucidation de mécanismes de réduction de la matière organique sédimentaire : Nouveaux aspects de la chimie des sulfures." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13140.
Full textFliedel, Christophe. "Synthesis of polyfunctional ligands for the coordination chemistry and catalysis." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/FLIEDEL_Christophe_2010.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was the developement of new polyfunctional ligands families to study, in a first time, their coordination chemistry towards metallic centers, and in a second time, in view of the nature of the species formed their physical and/or catalytic properties. The combination of donor sites which seems the most interesting was based on the association of donors known to form strong interactions with the metals envisaged, like phosphines (P-) or N-heterocyclic carbenes (CNHC-), with more labile donors, like a thioether function (S-). This association allows the formation of systems called “hemilabiles”, which showed good candidates for homogenous catalytic applications. Ligands of type: diaminophosphine/thioether: P-, P-, S- have been developed. These ligands showed various coordination modes, from which a large variety of organometallic complexes were obtained. The second target ligands were of type: N-heterocyclique carbenes (NHC), bearing a thioether group on one nitrogen atom from the cycle: S,CNHC or on both nitrogen: S,CNHC,S. Their precursors have been prepared in “ecofriend” conditions and allowing a large variability. The ligands offer also various coordination modes illustrated by their silver(I) and palladium(II) complexes. The catalytic potential of these compounds has been evaluated in the Suzuki- Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and revealed a very good activity towards brominated substrates
Merlen, Cécilia. "Développement et validation métrologique de méthodes de mesures pour la surveillance des composés volatils odorants dans l’air ambiant." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10185/document.
Full textOdorous organic compounds play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and have impacts on climate and health. Among these compounds, the sulfur compounds have low olfactory thresholds and pungent smells like "rotten eggs, rotten cabbage or vegetables". They cause olfactory annoyances to the people living nearby emission sources. The growing demand from local populations in terms of quality of life and well-being increases the number of olfactory assessment studies in industrial field. Due to the reactive nature of sulfur compounds and their low concentration levels in the atmosphere, the main objective of this thesis is to develop, qualify and implement measurement methods for the determination of spatial and temporal sulfur compounds concentrations. The methodology is divided into three major steps: (i) the sampling and concentration of interest compounds on sorbent, (ii) the analysis by a system combined thermodesorption and gas chromatography, (iii) the detection and the quantification of each compound by specific detectors. The main works carried out allowed the selection of sorbent, the determination of optimal sampling conditions and analysis adapted to most potential situations of olfactory nuisance
Gélat, Fabien. "Ions sulfénates et catalyse : une voie alternative aux sulfoxydes." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2029.
Full textSulfenate salts are highly reactive sulfur nucleophiles, which possess the general structure RSO-. They are very attractive precursors of sulfoxides, by way of S-C bond formation, as exemplified with recent contributions to the literature. The present work focussed on catalytic functionalization of sulfenates. First of all, enantioenriched sulfoxides were prepared using a Cinchona phase-transfer reagent in the presence of an alkyl halide. Aryl alkyl sulfoxides were prepared with high chemical yields in the range of 63 and 96%, and in up to 58% ee. Lower yields were obtained for dialkyl compounds (34-52%), but the enantioselectivity was still acceptable (up to 47% ee). Sulfenate species were generated in situ from sulfinyl sulfones according to a retro-Michael reaction. Then, diaryl sulfoxides were prepared using a transition metal-catalyzed arylation reaction. A novel approach to sulfenates, based on the thermal fragmentation of tert-butyl sulfoxides under basic conditions, has been exploited. An efficient palladium catalytic system has also been developed. The methodology was extended to a double arylation reaction, which involves di-tert-butyl sulfoxide, a synthetic equivalent of SO2- species. Finally, diastereoselective versions of the coupling have been examined through planar chiral [2. 2]paracyclophane and chiral axial biaryl structures
Micheaud, Catherine. "Préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques Pd-Pt [palladium - platine] par réactions rédox de surface : caractérisations physico-chimiques et activité catalytique." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2317.
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