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Journal articles on the topic "Species specific primers"
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Yoder, Wendy T., and Lynne M. Christianson. "Species-Specific Primers Resolve Members ofFusariumSectionFusarium." Fungal Genetics and Biology 23, no. 1 (February 1998): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.1997.1027.
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Kikuchi, Kensuke, Norihisa Matsushita, and Kazuo Suzuki. "Discrimination of Tricholoma species by species-specific ITS primers." Mycoscience 48, no. 5 (October 2007): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-007-0368-2.
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Oberste, M. Steven, Kaija Maher, Alford J. Williams, Naomi Dybdahl-Sissoko, Betty A. Brown, Michelle S. Gookin, Silvia Peñaranda, Nada Mishrik, Moyez Uddin, and Mark A. Pallansch. "Species-specific RT-PCR amplification of human enteroviruses: a tool for rapid species identification of uncharacterized enteroviruses." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81179-0.
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The 65 serotypes of human enteroviruses are classified into four species, Human enterovirus (HEV) A to D, based largely on phylogenetic relationships in multiple genome regions. The 3′-non-translated region of enteroviruses is highly conserved within a species but highly divergent between species. From this information, species-specific RT-PCR primers were developed that can be used to rapidly screen collections of enterovirus isolates to identify species of interest. The four primer pairs were 100 % specific when tested against enterovirus prototype strains and panels of isolates of known serotype (a total of 193 isolates). For evaluation in a typical application, the species-specific primers were used to screen 186 previously uncharacterized non-polio enterovirus isolates. The HEV-B primers amplified 68·3 % of isolates, while the HEV-A and HEV-C primers accounted for 9·7 and 11·3 % of isolates, respectively; no isolates were amplified with the HEV-D primers. Twelve isolates (6·5 %) were amplified by more than one primer set and eight isolates (4·3 %) were not amplified by any of the four primer pairs. Serotypes were identified by partial sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene, and in every case sequencing confirmed that the species-specific PCR result was correct; the isolates that were amplified by more than one species-specific primer pair were mixtures of two (11 isolates) or three (one isolate) species of viruses. The eight isolates that were not amplified by the species-specific primers comprised four new serotypes (EV76, EV89, EV90 and EV91) that appear to be unique members of HEV-A based on VP1, 3D and 3′-non-translated region sequences.
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Waeyenberge, Lieven, Nicole Viaene, and Maurice Moens. "Species-specific duplex PCR for the detection of Pratylenchus penetrans." Nematology 11, no. 6 (2009): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854109x428016.
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Abstract ITS1, the 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS2 of the rDNA region were sequenced from 20 different Pratylenchus species. Additionally, the same region was sequenced from seven populations of P. penetrans. After purifying, cloning and sequencing the PCR products, all sequences were aligned in order to find unique sites suitable for the design of species-specific primers for P. penetrans. Since ITS regions showed variability between and even within populations of P. penetrans, only three small DNA sequences were suitable for the construction of three potentially useful species-specific primers. New species-specific primers were paired with existing universal ITS primers and tested in all possible primer combinations. The best performing primer set, supplemented with a universal 28S rDNA primer set that served as an internal control, was tested in duplex PCR. The ideal annealing temperature, Mg2+ concentration and primer ratios were then determined for the most promising primer set. The optimised duplex PCR was subsequently tested on a wide range of different Pratylenchus spp. and 25 P. penetrans populations originating from all over the world. To test the sensitivity, the duplex PCR was conducted on DNA extracted from a single P. penetrans nematode mixed with varying amounts of nematodes belonging to another Pratylenchus species. Results showed that a reliable and sensitive P. penetrans species-specific duplex PCR was constructed.
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Hrytseva, N. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC PRIMERS FOR 16S rRNA GENE ANALYSIS IN THE DETECTION OF Ralstonia solanacearum SPECIES COMPLEX." Biotechnologia Acta 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech15.03.005.
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Members of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) are causal agents of vascular wilt disease in more than 450 crop species, including solanaceous plants such as potatoes, tomatoes, bell pepper, eggplant, etc. These phytopathogens cause serious yield loss mostly in solanaceous crops which are grown in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of the world. Yield losses comprise 80%–100% in potato, up to 91% for tomato, 10%–30% in tobacco, 33%–90% in banana, and reduce crop productivity and yield. PCR-methods are specific, sensitive and cost-effective approaches for the detection and identification of RSSC members. The objective of this study was to compare specificity of routinely used primer mix for PCR RSSC detection with the newly developed pairs of species-specific primers for ease of use diagnostics in a laboratory. Materials and Methods. The conserved genomic regions of the 16S rRNA sequences of R. solanacearum, R. pseudosolanacearum, and R. syzygii were selected for the design of primers for this study. Newly created primer species specificity was tested in PCR using the DNA of the two targets and 13 non-target strains of bacteria. Results. Three pairs of newly created primers Rs-28(F)/Rs-193(R), Rs-28(F)/OLI-160(R), Rs28(F)/OLI248(R) produced single specific fragments for bacterial strains of Ralstonia solanacearum: 166 bp, 132 bp, and 220 bp. products respectively. No PCR products were obtained during amplification with the negative control or non-target DNA templates from other bacterial species. Conclusion. Designed primers can be used for the development of PCR system for the qualitative and quantitative detection of RSSC members.
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Aoki, T., C‐I Park, H. Yamashita, and I. Hirono. "Species‐specific polymerase chain reaction primers forLactococcus garvieae." Journal of Fish Diseases 23, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00207.x.
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Jayanto, Herdhanu, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC PRIMERS FOR INTER SPECIES PHYLOGENY RELATIONSHIP ON Crocodilian sp." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.163.
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<p>Poaching, trafficking, and illegal product trading are classic activities which frequently faced by Crocodilian group. To overcome, laws need supporting methods for a decision of these all activities which threaten crocodile species. This will require species identification that associated to taxonomy classification. Crocodilian species are very similar in morphology. This may result to a false identification especially when working on incomplete specimen. Currently, twenty-four existing Crocodilian species are continuously revised to improve the precise placement and/or acceptance of certain species on Crocodilian classification. Herein we address this issue using Cytochrome-b. The idea was to obtain genus specific primer from Cytochrome-b and then tested the precision of the designed primers using bioinformatics tools’ Primer-BLAST and CLC sequence Viewer 6. The designed primers showed a highly specificity on species level. The phylogenetic tree constructed by is relatively precise compared to reported phylogenetic trees. These specific primers together with the genus specific primers may give valuable and important support for the effective and efficient identification of Crocodilian group.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Crocodilian, illegal trading, Cytochrome-b , specific primer, bioinformatic</p>
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DOMBRINK-KURTZMAN, MARY ANN, and AMY E. MCGOVERN. "Species-Specific Identification of Penicillium Linked to Patulin Contamination†." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.11.2646.
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Certain species of Penicillium have been reported to produce the mycotoxin patulin, and research was undertaken to identify these with the use of oligonucleotide primer pairs. Species examined were found in food, plants, and soil and were reported to produce patulin. Penicillium expansum is the most commonly detected species linked to the presence of patulin in apple juice. At least 10 different enzymes are involved in the patulin biosynthetic pathway, including the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (idh) gene. Based on nucleotide sequences previously determined for the idh gene in Penicillium species, PCR primers were designed for the species-specific detection of patulin-producing species. The 5′ primers were based on differences in the second intron of the idh gene. To ensure that the primer pairs produced a PCR product restricted to the species for which it was designed, and not to unrelated species, all of the primer pairs were tested against all of the Penicillium species. With one exception, it was possible to detect a reaction only with the organism of interest. The primer pair for Penicillium griseofulvum also amplified DNA from Penicillium dipodomyicola, a closely related species; however, it was possible to distinguish between these two species by doing a second amplification, with a different primer pair specific only for P. dipodomyicola. Consequently, with different primer sets, it was possible to identify individual patulin-producing species of Penicillium.
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Gaonkar, Chetan C., Lidita Khandeparker, Dattesh V. Desai, and Arga Chandrashekar Anil. "Identification ofBalanus amphitritelarvae from field zooplankton using species-specific primers." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 3 (November 6, 2014): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414001581.
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Identification of marine invertebrate larvae using morphological characters is laborious and complicated by phenotypic plasticity.Balanus amphitriteis a dominant barnacle, important in the context of intertidal ecology and biofouling of manmade structures. Morphological identification of barnacle larval forms in a mixed population is difficult because of their intricacy and similarity in size, shape and developmental stages. We report the development and application of a nucleic acid-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the specific identification of the barnacle,B. amphitrite, from the heterogeneous zooplankton sample. This method is reliable and accurate thereby overcoming taxonomic ambiguity. Sequence alignment of the 18S rRNA gene region of selected species of barnacles allowed the design ofB. amphitrite-specific PCR primers. Assay specificity was evaluated by screening DNA obtained from selected species of barnacles. The oligonucleotide primers used in the study flanked a 1600 bp region within the 18S rRNA gene. The primer is specific and can detect as few as 10 individuals ofB. amphitritelarvae spiked in a background of ~186 mg of zooplankton. This technique facilitates accurate identification and the primer can be used as a marker for enumeration ofB. amphitritelarvae in the plankton.
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Beran, Pavel, and Ivan Mráz. "Species-specific PCR primers for detection of Xanthomonas vesicatoria." Crop Protection 43 (January 2013): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.08.008.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Species specific primers"
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Harrison, Elizabeth. "Species-specific PCR primers for the rapid and reliable identification of yeast species." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434472.
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Harris, Chad E. "Determination of species-specific primers for minisatellite variation analysis among and between populations of turkey vultures (Cathartes aura)." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1138301.
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What is the genetic relatedness between and among populations of turkey vultures? By determining genetic relatedness, foraging and roosting behaviors of vultures may be better understood. Also as a result of this research, a system of determining genetic relationship will be developed ultimately allowing evolutionary behaviors of vulture populations including altruism and/or group selection to possibly be uncovered. The purpose of this research was to obtain sequence information in order to design species-specific primers for future comparisons of minisatellite variation among and between populations of turkey vultures. Two different methods for DNA isolation from blood were compared for their ability to produce high quantities of amplifiable DNA. The Rapid Method (Lahiri et al., 1993) yielded 5.6 ug of DNA from 500 ul ofblood with a purity ratio [A260/A2S0] of 0.926, while the protocol using IsocodeTM Stixyielded 4.3 ug DNA from 15 ul of blood and had a higher purity ratio of 1.365. Although both methods yielded amplifiable DNA, better amplification was attained using the IsocodeTM Stix, which was used for the rest of the project. The polymerase chain reaction, using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers (Operon Technologies, Alameda, CA), was performed to obtain DNA regions containing minisatellites. Fragments generated by the OPB 08 primer hybridized to a pool of labeled minisatellite core sequences by Southern hybridization. This minisatellitecontaining fragment (800 bp) was excised from a gel and cloned into a plasmid vector (pCR®2.1-TOPO) producing a recombinant plasmid. The recombinant plasmids werereplicated in E. coli, plasmid DNA was isolated, and the cloned fragment was sequenced for determination of the flanking sequences around the minisatellite core. Multiple colonies (pTpvul 1-4) were picked from the cloning/transformation stages but only one brightly hybridizing colony was chosen for sequencing (pTpvul 1). Sequencing and sequencing analysis proved difficult and no minisatellite core sequences could be located. This could be attributed to extensive secondary structure in the DNA sequence or to recombination within the fragment when grown in E. coli. These flanking sequences, thought to be identical at each locus of the minisatellite in a genome, were to be used as species-specific primers in future minisatelhte-PCR DNA fingerprinting.Department of Biology
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Antoniolli, Zaida Inês. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal community in a permanent pasture and development of species-specific primers for detection and quantification of two AM fungi /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha635.pdf.
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Patricio, Harmony. "Testing conservation applications for environmental DNA techniques through field surveys of presence, richness and assemblage of lotic biodiversity." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381270.
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“Each year at the season of the falling of the waters, the people living in the vicinity of the Golden Basin, the home of the Pla Buk [Mekong giant catfish, Pangasianodon gigas], join together for the purpose of catching these fish…..The ceremonies connected with the taking of these fish are ancient and have been performed from time immemorial, and carried out once a year.”
- F.H. Giles, 1935
This thesis was undertaken to test the potential of the relatively new survey technique of analyzing water samples which contain DNA that has been shed by organisms (environmental DNA) for the study of diversity and distributions of fishes inhabiting tropical and subtropical rivers. The purpose was to gain information on species richness, assemblages, and distributions; with the ultimate aim of improving conservation management of rare and endangered freshwater fishes. The limitations of conventional (observation-based) survey methods to study rare and threatened fishes in large tropical rivers motivated the choice of testing environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis approaches. Specifically, challenges encountered during prior work to conserve the Mekong giant catfish and other rare species fostered the goal of testing eDNA analysis methods. The Mekong giant catfish was once part of a fishery with substantial cultural and socioeconomic import, as described by Giles (1935). However; today the fishery and ceremony surrounding it no longer exists, as the species has become so rare that the capture of wild individuals is banned and it has been assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List. The case of the Mekong River and giant catfish represents an archetypical example of the challenges and limitations of using conventional methods to study and conserve rare fishes in large tropical rivers. These rivers host the highest species diversity of any freshwater environment, yet are facing the highest rates of extinction. This dire situation is partially due to the difficulty of gaining access to data on spatiotemporal distributions that are needed to inform effective conservation actions.
The relatively new technique of using eDNA to access data on species richness, assemblages and distributions may enable access to data from tropical rivers that are not accessible with conventional methods. This thesis compares the benefits and limitations of conventional survey methods with eDNA techniques, within the context of rare species in large rivers. It reviews the development and application of eDNA to study aquatic macroorganisms, specifically fishes. It describes the rapid growth in application of the technique through an analysis of published literature, and finds the majority of studies are focused on developing the methodology. This technique was tested on captive populations of Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) in Thailand, and then used to detect wild giant catfish in the Mekong River at locations where it has been captured in the past. The giant catfish was detected in one of six survey locations, and only one sample from the river.
Given the developmental stage of the eDNA technique, the method was further tested in two smaller subtropical rivers with well-known fish species composition. Three different clade-specific (also termed ‘universal’ or ‘generic’) fish primers were used to see if they returned congruent results. Clade-specific primers are designed to amplify all species within a given group, such as bony fishes, without amplifying species outside that group, such as other vertebrates. It was found that each primer set had different biases and that eDNA samples did not cluster either by primer set or by location. A subsequent study analyzed whether such variance was related to the choice of sampling location within the river. Given the highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature of rivers, it is reasonable to assume that eDNA may not be equally distributed along a cross-section within a single hydraulic unit. High variation was found among samples collected at three different points along a cross-section in a pool and riffle in the Brisbane River, Queensland, Australia when using universal primers and eDNA metabarcoding to determine taxa assemblage. Finally, the method was tested on sediment cores collected in a subtropical embayment at the outflow of the Brisbane River to determine whether a chronology of catchment-scale assemblage of freshwater fish communities could be identified. The results were inconclusive, as primarily bacterial sequences were identified from high-throughput sequencing. These results could indicate that eDNA of macroorganisms is not preserved well enough for detection in subtropical sediment cores. This is consistent with the endosymbiont theory that states that mitochondria are descendent from bacteria that have been assimilated into another cell (
Sagan, 1967). This has implications for the design of eDNA experiments that target extremely low copy number template, because eDNA studies often target mitochondria rather than nuclear DNA.
The conservation implications of the overall findings of this thesis highlight the fact that all survey methods face limitations when the target organisms are rare aquatic species. Conservation practitioners and resource managers must be creative and forward-thinking in order to gain data on the distribution of threatened species that are needed to inform effective conservation actions. The lack of such data is a contributing factor to the high rates of decline faced by freshwater biodiversity around the globe. The potential of eDNA tools as described in the literature’s early stages may have been somewhat overstated, given that the limitations of the method hadn’t yet been exhaustively tested. There is still a great deal to learn about how useful this method can be. The tool seems to work best when using species-specific primers, which amplify a single species, rather than clade-specific primers which can assess total species richness or assemblage through metabarcoding. The method needs further refinement, yet is currently most useful when applied in tandem with conventional sampling methods to survey areas that are difficult to access or for the case of large tropical rivers that have high spatial extent and little knowledge currently available regarding distributions of threatened species.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Hadjikakou, Eleni C. "Investigating aspects of using 'standard' information technology to help children with learning difficulties/specific learning difficulties in primary schools in Cyprus." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286002.
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Randles, Halle Ann Schoener. "Perceptions of Ohio Principals in Schools Which Include at Least One Primary Grade Level Regarding Their Knowledge of and the Importance of Preparation for Specific Elements Relating to Special Education." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312899405.
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Göransdotter, Rebecka. "Ett genis trovärdighet : En retorisk analys av Albert Einsteins vetenskapliga ethos." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354326.
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Albert Einstein published the English translation of Relativity: The Special and General Theory in the midst of two big events in 1920: the confirmation of the two theories of relativity and spacetime in 1919 and the Nobel prize in physics in 1921. The new global celebrity wanted to make the theories intelligible and readable for an international English-speaking audience, an audience that also included antagonistic scientists and even anti-Semites. The aim of this thesis is to do a rhetorical analysis of Einstein’s character, his ethos, in Relativity, with a specific focus on creation of credibility in regard to his historical context: scientific ideals, values and norms as well as the political and cultural tendencies in Europe during the early 20th century. This was done firstly by identifying the implied auditor. Secondly, based on the material, I have identified three stereotypes or characters – the professional idealist, the mentor and the internationalist – which emphases different features and capacities that are crucial for the credibility of the text. Thirdly, by using these stereotypes and in regard to the specific historical context, I investigated how Einstein developed his primary ethos into a secondary ethos in the text. The rhetorical analysis of Einstein’s Relativity shows that his ethos stands in relation to the social and cultural perception of the virtuous epistemic scientist; to fight prejudices regarding being a Jewish-German theoretical physicist; and, noteworthy, a way to produce a well-needed international space – a crucial alternative to continue the positivistic knowledge production counter to the nationalistic project.
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JENÍKOVÁ, Martina. "Věková specifita kryptosporidií infikujících prasata." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50784.
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Two species of Cryptosporidium are routinely found in pigs: Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II. Identification of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes currently relies on molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (RFLP) or gene sequencing. However their applications are limited in identification of mixed infections. To overcome this problem, novel species specific primers were developed in this study. A total of 457 pig fecal samples were collected and examined using microscopy and molecular tools including PCR-RFLP, species or genus specific nested PCR and sequencing. Of these, 12.8 % were microscopicaly positive for oocysts presence and 36.5 % using molecular methods. While PCR-RFLP with genus specific primers revealed 1 case of C. suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II mixed infection only, nested PCR with species specific primers identified 41 cases of mixed infections. Our results showed that C. suis is infectious for all age categories of pigs and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II has been found in animals older than 6 weeks of age. Morphometric analysis proved oocyst size difference between both pig specific Cryptosporidium spp. Histological examination revealed that Cryptosporidium pig genotype II infects epithelia of both small and large intestine.
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Antoniolli, Zaida Inês. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal community in a permanent pasture and development of species-specific primers for detection and quantification of two AM fungi." 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha635.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 138-160. The 152 species of mycorrhizal fungi can be difficult to identify and quantify because the taxonomy of these fungi is based on the description of spores, which is time consuming, requires considerable expertise and cannot be assumed to reflect the situation within the root. Few attempts have been made to identify the species which are present in roots. Several approaches have been identified in previous work and the development of sensitive molecular methods for identification and quantification of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are described in this study. Mycorrhizal fungal communities were sampled in both natural and agricultural ecosystems at two sites in South Australia. The combination of spore identification from trap culture and field-collected soil promises to be an effective means to study diversity of AM fungi in a particular system. PCR primers for Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora margarita were designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of field-collected spores, with the aim of providing tools for field diagnosis.
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Liao, Tz-Yu, and 廖秭妤. "Sexing parrots by different sex-specific primers and application of cytochrome b and 12S ribosomal RNA sequences to identity the parrot species." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mhwsd9.
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碩士國立中興大學
動物科學系所
101
Approximately 60% of avian species are sexually monomorphic, and most of the parrots could not be sexed by feather colors or any other morphological characteristics in appearances. It has been reported that specific DNA sequences could be amplified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the specific primers of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1 (CHD-1) gene. In birds, there are two genes related to CHD-1, CHD-W and CHD-Z, which are located in chromosome W and Z, respectively. Since these two genes are evolutionarily conserved, and their sequences vary sex specific manner, application of the differences between the nucleotide sequences could be used for sex identification. Multiple primers, including P1/P2/P3, P4/P5, P2/P8, 2550F/2718R, primer1/2 and 1272H/1237L have been designed according to the sequence of introns or exons in CHD-1 gene. By using different combinations of these specific primers for PCR, 19 species of examined parrots could be successfully determined in this study. Amplification and sequencing fragments of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, such as cytochrome oxidese I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb), 12S ribosomal RNA (12S) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) are widely used for species identification. In this study, Cytb and 12S were tried to identify different species of parrots. Comparisons of sequences were conducted by using the BLASTn portal within the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The threshold value for sequence similarities of Cytb or 12S rRNA genes between analyzed samples and database is 98%. Twenty-six species of parrots were analyzed in this study. Results showed that the sequences of Cytb gene in 19 species of examined parrots could be found in NCBI. Furthermore, 13 species of analyzed parrots have the high similarity in 12S gene published in database. However, 2 species were found neither the sequences of cyt b nor 12S rRNA published in NCBI. Hence, in addition by comparison of mtDNA to identify parrot species is an accurate method, uploading the unpublished sequences would help the integrity of database. In addition to use mitochondrial DNA for species identification, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used to identify 17 different parrot species. In this study, 40 random primers were employed. One of these primer, OPH-17, was successfully amplified a specific band in Orthopsittaca manilata. After analyzing 8 sequences amplified from the same individual, there are no significant correlations among these 8 sequences. Thus, it is not possible to find species specific sequence using the 40 random primers in this study. More stricted conditions way are further tried to inprove reproducibility.
Books on the topic "Species specific primers"
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Fay, Tania Corinne. Filial imprinting in the junglefowl chick: Primary preference blocked by exposure to a species-specific stimulus. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1998.
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Dorian, Yeo, ed. Dyscalculia guidance: Helping pupils with specific learning difficulties in maths. London: NferNelson Pub. Co., 2004.
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Schnepel, Susanne. Mathematische Förderung von Kindern mit einer intellektuellen Beeinträchtigung: Eine Längsschnittstudie in inklusiven Klassen. Münster: Waxmann, 2019.
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Ofsted. Pupils with specific learning difficulties in mainstream schools: A survey of the provision in mainstream primary and secondary schools for pupils with a statement of special educational needs relating to specific learning difficulties. London: Ofsted, 1999.
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Tkacheva, Viktoriya, and Irina Katkova. Features of the psychological basis of reading mentally retarded students with complex developmental disorders. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1146804.
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The monograph presents the results of studying the specific features of the psychological basis of speech of mentally retarded primary school children with complex developmental disorders; scientific analysis of the problem of teaching and upbringing children with complex developmental disorders is carried out, the diagnostic complex is described in detail, and methodological recommendations are given. For students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in special education and psychology.
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Ofsted. Pupils with specific learning difficulties in mainstream schools: A survey of the provision in mainstream primary and secondary schools for pupils with a statement of special educational needs relating to specific learning difficulties : a report from the Office of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools. London: Ofsted, 1999.
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Duranczyk, Traxler Mary Ann, ed. Children's literature for the primary inclusive classroom. [South] Africa: Delmar, 2000.
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Affairs, Institute of Economic, and Africa Resources Trust, eds. Does CITES work?: Four case studies. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1997.
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Luczak, Saulnier Karen, ed. The signed English school book. Washington, D.C: Kendall Green Publications, 1987.
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E, Densmore Ann, and Harman Deborah R, eds. Language intervention with school-aged children: Conversation, narrative, and text. San Diego, Calif: Singular Pub. Group, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Species specific primers"
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Pasbøll, Per J., and Peter Arctander. "Primers for Animal Mitochondrial DNA: The Importance of Species-Specific Primers." In Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity, 249–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0019-6_47.
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Reimers, Fernando M. "The Role of Universities Building an Ecosystem of Climate Change Education." In Education and Climate Change, 1–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57927-2_1.
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AbstractThis chapter introduces the field of climate change education, noting the paradox that in spite of many efforts at incorporating climate change in education policy and curriculum frameworks, and a diversity of practices in schools, there is little evidence that such efforts are contributing to adaptation, mitigation or reversal of climate change. The chapter reviews the role of international development organizations advocating for and developing frameworks in support of climate change education. This is followed by an analysis of ongoing efforts of climate change education.The chapter argues that more effective education for climate change at the primary and secondary education levels around the world requires context specific strategies that align the specific learning outcomes with the impacts of climate change in that context. Implementing those strategies requires the development of institutional capacity in schools that is aligned to the stage of institutional development of the school. The chapter explains how a multidisciplinary framework that accounts for the cultural, psychological, professional, institutional and political dimensions of the change process can support the development of collaboration and coherence in implementing those climate change education strategies. Those strategies need to also specify the particular populations that need to develop such competencies and the optimal means of delivery. The chapter also situates the literature on climate change education within the larger context of the literature on deeper learning, twenty first century skills and education system change, explaining how deeper learning in climate change education might influence attitudes and behaviors in ways that prevailing didactic approaches focused principally on the transmission of scientific knowledge do not.To develop such context specific climate change education strategies and to build the institutional capacity to implement them, the chapter makes the case for more intentional engagement of universities, in partnership with schools and non-formal education organizations. This would serve the dual role of providing support for schools in advancing climate change education, while also educating higher education students on climate change through problem based, participatory and contextually situated approaches.
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Dietz, Andreas. "The Surgical Approach to Elderly Patients with HNSCC." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 111–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_8.
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AbstractDespite the fact that elderly people are the main incidental and continuously growing patient group with head and neck cancer, prospective trials focusing on special issues regarding head and neck surgery in elderlies are missing. To avoid complications during and after surgery in that patient category, comprehensive evaluation of functional status, comorbidities, performance status, social support and mental condition is mandatory. Regarding functional parameters, cardiac and respiratory conditions play a major role for any primary surgical procedure. Nevertheless, other comorbidities, medication and patients view on self-determination have carefully to be taken into consideration. It has repeatedly been shown that fit elderly individuals may benefit from intensive therapies like reconstructive surgery with microvascular free tissue transfer, concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the locoregionally advanced disease setting, and even from the standard first- and second-line palliative systemic therapies. Since it is well known that tolerance of systemic nonsurgical treatments in elderly people is less and therefore death from noncancer-related causes in that population is higher, moderate surgical procedures can be even more effective regarding quality of life in situations facing higher comorbidities, or functional constraints with limited life expectancy compared to nonsurgical standard approaches. Older people usually are at increased risk of postoperative complications. In particular, organ failure progresses much faster in multiple organ failure. The preoperative clarification of comorbidity for the avoidance of surgical complications is therefore of major importance. Close coordination with anesthesia and rapid postoperative mobilization are essential for this. Decision-making and treatment based on specific assessment in an experienced multidisciplinary team is key.
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Ganesan, Kandasamy, and Asha Thomson. "Trigeminal Neuralgia." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 531–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_26.
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AbstractNeuralgia can be defined as paroxysmal, intense intermittent pain that is usually confined to specific nerve branches to the head and neck. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the scalp, face and mouth, and damage or disease to this nerve may result in sensory loss, pain or both. >85% of cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia are of the classic type known as Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia (CTN), while the remaining cases can be separated to secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia (STN). STN is thought to be initiated by multiple sclerosis or a space-occupying lesion affecting the trigeminal nerve, whereas the leading cause of CTN is known to be compression of the trigeminal nerve in the region of the dorsal root entry zone by a blood vessel. There is no guaranteed cure for the condition of Trigeminal Neuralgia, but there are several treatment options that can give relief. In this chapter, we review the common neuralgias occurring within the oral and maxillofacial region with special emphasis on Trigeminal Neuralgia. We will discuss the historical evolution of treatment including the medical and surgical modalities with the use of current literature and newer developments. It has been highlighted that the first line of treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is still pharmacological treatment, with Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine being the first choice. Possible surgical methods of treatment are discussed within this chapter including modalities such as Microvascular Decompression, Gamma Knife Radiosurgery and Peripheral Neurectomy. As an OMF surgeon, it is important to obtain a good clinical history to rule out other pathology including dental focus. Many clinicians involved ranging from primary care dentists and doctors to secondary care (neurologists, Oral Medicine, OMFS, etc.) to deliver the appropriate first course of action, which is the medical management. The management of TN patients should be carried out in a multidisciplinary setting to allow the patients to choose the best-suited option for them. It is also important to set up self-help groups to enable them to share knowledge and information for themselves and their family members for the best possible outcomes.
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Kültz, Dietmar. "Domestication of aquaculture species." In A Primer of Ecological Aquaculture, 66–82. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850229.003.0006.
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Abstract Domestication alters genotypes and phenotypes of organisms by changing the selection pressures experienced in captivity compared to those found in natural habitats. Domestication causes significant genetic (and epigenetic) changes in aquatic animals within just a few generations and is often biased towards artificial selection of production traits (growth), but also has potential for reducing the ecological footprint of production and improving animal welfare. Traditional crossbreeding utilizes genetic or physical markers to select for desirable phenotypes (traits), which can be induced by imposing environmental stress on gametes. Stress alters karyotypes (i.e. chromosome structure and ploidy [chromosome copy number]). Genetic engineering represents a rapid way of manipulating genomes with molecular tools that permanently alter the DNA of engineered organisms and their offspring. Two types of genetic engineering are common: 1) insertion of foreign DNA into the genome (random or transposase mediated); and 2) gene targeting/editing (requires specific nucleases). Genetic engineering creates genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are invaluable models for basic research to establish causality between genotype and phenotype. The commercial production of GMOs has benefits that must be weighed on a case-by-case basis against their pitfalls. Pleiotropy of genes renders assessment of GMO impacts on organisms, ecosystems, and food security difficult and consumer acceptance of GMOs is low. Stock enhancement and sea ranching rely on releasing, rather than confining, hatchery-raised offspring. They require elaborate genetic management plans. Post-release monitoring of genetic diversity of restocked populations is facilitated by physical and genetic markers but restocking impacts are unpredictable.
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Hutchings, Jeffrey A. "Applications." In A Primer of Life Histories, 153–72. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198839873.003.0009.
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By affecting age-specific survival and fecundity, human-induced disturbances affect life history. This has potential to affect r max with negative consequences for species viability and persistence. Several types of assessments are used to classify vulnerability to extinction, exploitation, and climate change. When information on r max is unavailable, vulnerability assessments often rely on life-history correlates of r max. These have included generation time, age at maturity, maximum size, longevity, fecundity, natural mortality, and individual growth rate. Empirical research indicates that links with r max are strong for some traits, such as age at maturity and body size, but weak for others, such as fecundity. In addition to assessments of declining species, efforts have been made to identify life-history correlates of the rate and uncertainty in species recovery. Persistence and stability can be strengthened by the magnitude of life-history variation. The greater the variability in life history within and among, the greater the resistance and resilience of populations and species.
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"How can we specify concepts for primary science?" In Children's Informal Ideas in Science, 222–43. Routledge, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203039625-17.
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Busmachiu, Galina. "ORDINUL ODONATA Libelulele (Insecta: Odonata) din Rezervația „Plaiul Fagului”." In Fauna Rezervației „Plaiul Fagului”. Nevertebrate, 54–65. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975347792.03.
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Lucrarea include primele date privind diversitatea speciilor de libelule din Rezervația Plaiul Fagului. Teritoriul rezervației se află în bazinul hidrografic al fluviului Nistru, fiind traversat de mai multe râulețe mici, unul dintre care Rădeni, formează o luncă umedă largă, în care au fost construite 4 lacuri, cu o suprafață totală de 23,7 ha. Ca urmare a investigațiilor efectuate și a studiului literaturii de specialitate în Rezervația Plaiul Fagului au fost identificate 18 specii de libelule, care fac parte din 12 genuri și aparțin la 6 familii. Șase specii de libelule au fost citate în lucrarea Andreev ș.a., 2012 și una Coenagrion puella în baza lui de date, iar o specie Coenagrion mercuriale este marcată cu un semn de întrebare. În total, în afară de speciile prezentate mai sus, pe teritoriul rezervației au fost publicate în premieră speciile: Coenagrion puella, Coenagrion pulchellum, Ischnura elegans, Anax imperator, A. parthenope, Aeshna mixta, Crocothemis erythraea, Leucorrhinia pectoralis, Libellula fulva Orthetrum albistylum, Orthetrum cancellatum, Orthetrum caerulescens, Sympetrum sanguineum, Sympetrum meridionale și Sympetrum vulgatum. Dintre odonatele depistate în rezervație două specii Anax imperator și Leucorrhinia pectoralis sunt incluse în Cartea Roșie a Republicii Moldova, prima având statut de specie vulnerabilă, iar cea de-a doua - critic periclitată. Masculul de Leucorrhinia pectoralis a fost observat în rezervație pe vegetația palustră la aproximativ 4-5 metri de malul unui lac (Bușmachiu, 2021). Specia dată prezintă un interes deosebit, fiind o specie foarte rară. Leucorrhinia pectoralis este o specie protejată la nivel internațional: Convenția de la Berna (Appendix II), Directiva Habitate (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) (Anexele II și IV), „IUCN European Red List of Dragonflies”, „IUCN Red List of Mediterranean Dragonflies” și „Red List of Dragonflies of the Carpathians” (Manci, Popescu, 2017).
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O.M. Al-Dahmoshi, Hussein, and Hayder J. Al-Nayili. "Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene-Dependent Blood Typing as a Forensic Tool." In Forensic Analysis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98248.
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Mitochondrial DNA is an important tool for human identification and is used to differentiate between human and animal blood at the crime scene, because in extreme conditions nuclear DNA is severely destroyed while Mitochondrial DNA contains multiple copies (200–2000) per cell and resists harsh and more stable conditions. Seventy-two blood samples were collected from humans (Homo sapiens), sheep (Ovis aries), goats (Capra hircus), and cows (Bos taurus) (18 blood samples for each). All blood samples were withdrawn by a technician and 5 ml were aspirated using an aseptic technique and transferred to EDTA-Na2 tubes. They were mixed well and stored in a refrigerator. The collection took 2 weeks (May 15, 2019–May 30, 2019). All samples were collected from Al-Diwanyia city. The results of PCR testing revealed that the primer pairs were specific and non-specific products did not appear for all samples. The amplification of Homo sapiens mitochondrial DNA with primer pairs of other (Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and Bos taurus) and amplification of each with primer pairs of another genus gave negative results, and this is primary evidence for primer pair specificity. The amplicon of 16S rRNA gene of Homo sapiens was 1200 bp, Ovis aries was 1060 bp, Capra hircus was 820 bp, and Bos taurus was 1300 bp. The sequencing revealed that no cross-reactivity of designed primer pairs and the PCR assay based on the designed primer pairs will be simple, fast, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective. There is sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the designed species-specific primer pairs and applicability of the designed primer pairs in forensics to investigate blood spots or evidence belonging for human, sheep, goat, and cow.
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Marwaha, Lovleen. "The Wax Moth Pheromone, Moth Influence, and Associated Glands." In The Wax Moth: A Problem or a Solution, 48–55. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123821123010006.
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The wax moth male secretes various pheromones to attract the female for mating. The volatiles induce species-specific influence, which modulates the behaviour of other members of the same species. The primary pheromones include nonanal and undecanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, decanal, undecanol, and 6, 10, 14 - trimethylpentadecanon-2. The specific chemicals are secreted by a pair of glands on the forewings of the male moth in the greater and lesser wax moth. These volatiles are essential for the adult stage and plays a critical role in larval and pupal aggregation. The specific chapter elaborates on the chemical composition of the pheromones, their influence on the conspecific individuals, and their role in modulating the mating behaviour, in the case of the greater wax moth (GWM) and the lesser wax moth (LWM).
Conference papers on the topic "Species specific primers"
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Adley, Catherine, Khalil Arshak, Camila Molnar, Kamila Oliwa, and Vijayalakshmi Velusamy. "Design of specific DNA primers to detect the Bacillus cereus group species." In 2009 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas.2009.4801807.
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Дягилева, А., Лидия Туманова, Валентин Митин, and Кристина Грэждиеру. "Идентификация Fusarium spp. и Alternaria spp. в семенах некоторых овощных культур." In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.10.
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In this paper the results of molecular diagnostics of Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. in bell pep-per and eggplant seeds of local genotypes at different time points of storage are presented. The diagnos-tics was effectuated using nested-PCR protocol with genus-specific and species-specific primers to F. ox-ysporum, F. solani, F. nivale, F. equiseti, F. culmorum, F. verticillioides, F. avenaceum, A. alternata, and A. solani. In the samples of studied bell pepper and eggplant genotypes A. alternata was found. In egg-plant seeds certain species of Fusarium spp. were identified.
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Jung, Chansik. "An accurate detection ofBursaphelenchus xylophilusandB. mucronatus, caused by pine wilt disease, by Multiplex PCR using species-specific primers fromMonochamus alternatusandM. saltuariusinsect vectors." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112267.
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Кузнецова, Ирина, and Галина Белоусова. "Характеристика фитопатогенной нагрузки семян озимой пшеницы устойчивого к болезням сорта куяльник при помощи молекулярно-генетических методов." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.83.
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The aim of this work was to test the seeds of the Kuyalnik variety (harvest of 2019) for the presence of pathogens of the genera Fusarium, Myrothecium, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Aspergillus by molecular genetic methods (PCR, nested-PCR). The use of species-specific primers for these pathogens allowed to detect 6 species of Fusarium (F. verticillioides, F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. sporotrichioides, F. incarnatum) in the seeds of the disease-resistant variety of winter wheat. It was found that the seeds of this variety of winter wheat also contained a large amount of Alternaria alternata, and a trace amount of Penicillium spp. Phytopathogens of the Myrothecium spp. genus and of the Aspergillus parasiticus were not identified in the DNA isolated from the seeds of the winter wheat variety Kuyalnik. The presence of such a diversity of fungal pathogens in the seeds of the resistant winter wheat variety Kuyalnik requires treatment of seeds with fungicides.
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Eltai, Nahla O., Sara H. Al-Hadidi, Asmaa A. Al Than, Sanjay H. Doiphode, and Hadi M. Yassine. "Salmonellosis among Pediatric Population in Qatar: Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0126.
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Objectives: This study aims to characterize at the molecular level the genes encoding resistance in Salmonella and explain the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to ceftriaxone, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, colistin and azithromycin in Salmonella. It aims as well to characterize the 16S rRNA gene region by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to investigate if this region constitutes an appropriate ‘coincidental’ marker to distinguish important pathogenic Salmonella species. Finally, determine the lineages of Salmonella species and evolutionary relationships among bacteria classified within the same genus. Methodology: 246 Salmonella isolates were collected from children under 16 years old during Jan. 2018 - Dec 2019, presented with gastroenteritis at Hamad Medical Corporation. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nineteen relevant antibiotics using E-test. Isolates that harbor antibiotic resistance were confirmed using PCR specific primers for 38 genes. In addition, the variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons were identified by PCR among amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) resistant samples. RFLP targeting16S rRNAwas performed using seven restriction enzymes including AluI, Bgl I, Bgl II, EcoR I, SmaI, Hinf I & Hae III. Results: Resistance was detected against 15 antibiotics and (38.2%) of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Overall, high resistance was reported to tetracycline (23.9%), ampicillin (21.1%), AMC (18.7%) and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim (13%). Further, 22.4% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 4.1% being ESBL producers. 90 % of ESBL producers had one of bla CTX-M-Group. Class (1) AMC resistant samples showed the highest resistance to different antibiotics. 16S rRNA-RFLP analysis divided Salmonella isolates into two main groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate a high antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella, which necessities the development of regulatory programs to combats antimicrobial resistance. In particular, our results showed high resistance to Class (1) AMC cassette that involves the transmission and expression of the resistance. This might lead to a concern of increased multidrug resistance in the future. This study provides evidence guidance to activate and implement the pillars of an antimicrobial stewardship program in animal and human health to reduce MDR salmonellosis.
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Hentschel, Olaf P., L. Panning-von Scheidt, J. Wallaschek, M. Denk, and P. A. Masserey. "Influential Parameters on Structural Damping Values of Turbine Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25656.
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In turbomachinery blading the avoidance of High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) failures is of great importance. The prediction and reduction of vibration amplitudes is of primary objective in context of HCF risk reduction. For this reason the quantification of the mechanical damping is of essential relevance. During the last decades the research has been focused on the usage of nonlinear calculation tools to predict vibration amplitudes of blades. These calculations require the specification of contact parameters as well as of material damping values. Especially for weakly damped systems like turbine blades, it is necessary to specify adequate structural damping values which determine the accuracy of the calculated transfer function. However, many researchers use uncertain structural damping values to calculate transfer functions. In this paper, an experimental setup for specimen specific damping determination in a vacuum chamber is presented. Three different clamping mechanisms, as well as the mechanism for specimen excitation, are introduced. A suspended-like specimen clamping, where the specimens are clamped in their nodes of vibration, is described first. To analyze potential influence of the clamping procedure, a comparison is given to specimens clamped on one side (cantilever beams), where the magnitude of the clamping force is chosen in a way that the friction loss is minimized. To allow an application of static stresses the specimens are clamped on both sides in the third approach. The excitation of the analyzed specimens is performed with the help of a voice-coil actuator. Damping values are determined by analyzing the decay curve, which is measured with a laser doppler vibrometer. Further experimental results show the influence of ambient pressure, frequency, amplitude, geometry, mode shape, static stress and clamping mechanism on the specimen specific damping value.
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Baldwin, Mark A., Chadd W. Clary, Lorin P. Maletsky, and Paul J. Rullkoetter. "Specimen-Specific Verification of Predicted TKR Mechanics During Simulated Deep Flexion Loading Conditions." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192948.
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Verified computational models of total knee replacement serve as the primary design-phase tool for parametric analysis of implant geometry. Previously, dynamic finite element models of the Kansas Knee Simulator (KKS) were developed and tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral (PF) kinematic predictions were verified by comparison with experimental measurements [1,2]. In this prior work, the implants were mounted in metallic fixtures to assess the ability of the model to accurately predict the TF and PF kinematics without the additional complexity of variable cadaver specimens and soft-tissue constraint. The next step in the systematic model verification procedure was to verify kinematic predictions with multiple specimen-specific models. Specifically, the objectives of the present study were: 1) to develop an explicit finite element (FE) model of the KKS capable of recreating experimental loading protocols for a deep knee bend activity and 2) to verify predicted six degree-of-freedom (DOF) TF and PF kinematics of two cruciate retaining (CR) and two posterior stabilized (PS) implanted specimen-specific models with deformable, wrapping soft tissue constraint.
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Werb, Zena, Hugo Gonzalez, Juliane Winkler, and Eric Berens. "Abstract IA06: The tissue-specific microenvironment in primary tumors and metastases." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; March 2-5, 2020; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.camodels2020-ia06.
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Kretschmann, M., Chr Barczus, and V. Scherer. "Combustion Tests on a Blend of Liquid Refinery Residues and Coal: CFBC Operation Behaviour and Emissions Characteristics With Special Emphasis on the Intermediate Species CxHy, HCN and NH3." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78103.
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Investigations on the combustion of a blend of liquid refinery residues and a hard coal are presented in the current paper. The experiments were done in an atmospheric circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) with a thermal capacity of 100 kW. The operation behaviour and pollutant formation characteristics are determined using axial profile measurements at 19 different ports along the combustion chamber. The measurement campaign included the variation of the primary to secondary air ratio, the global air to fuel ratio, the residence time in the primary zone, the overall temperature of the combustion chamber and the Ca/S ratio. The current paper concentrates on results obtained at primary air ratio of 0.65, an overall air ratio of 1.1, a mean combustion temperature of 850°C and a Ca/S-ratio of 0. Measurement of the flue gas components O2, CxHy, CO, CO2, H2, NOx, N2O, NH3 and SO2 are made by standard gas analysing techniques. In order to detect the specific hydrocarbon species produced and oxidized during the combustion process a Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) extends the existing gas analysis system. The gas species measured by FTIR-Spectroscopy are CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6 and C3H8. Also the important precursors for the NOx-Formation HCN and NH3 are examined with the FTIR-Spectrometer in the primary and secondary zone. The current experiments are compared with results obtained by burning liquid refinery residues only, with special regard to the consumption of the nitrogenous intermediates HCN and NH3.
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Nelson, D. A., T. J. Walters, K. L. Ryan, and L. R. Johnson. "Skin Heating Effects of Millimeter Waves: Inter-Species Variability." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0595.
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Abstract The increasing use of radiofrequency signals in the millimeter wave (MMW) band in both defense and civilian applications necessitates a better understanding of the bioeffects of electromagnetic energy within this frequency range (30 GHz – 300 GHz). Because MMW irradiation penetrates less than 1 mm below the skin surface, the primary bioeffect is skin heating (1). Thus the use of the specific absorption rate (SAR) to establish safe exposure levels is not appropriate in this frequency band (2). The use of animal models for evaluation of skin heating effects from MMW irradiation makes problematic the extrapolation of results to humans. Differences in tissue composition, skin blood flow, and surface cooling mechanisms (sweating) may complicate the interpretation of results obtained from animals and their application to humans. This paper presents the results of series of experiments in rats, rhesus monkeys and humans to determine the rate of surface temperature increase resulting from exposure to MMW.
Reports on the topic "Species specific primers"
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Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, and Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.
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Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.
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Eyal, Yoram, and Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.
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During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.
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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
Full textAbstract:
- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
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Ford, Adam T., Marcel Huijser, and Anthony P. Clevenger. Long-term responses of an ecological community to highway mitigation measures. Nevada Department of Transportation, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.06.
Full textAbstract:
In road mitigation systems characterized by multiple wildlife crossing structures (CS) and multiple-focal species, these species-specific design criteria are important to meeting management goals. CS types and locations are fixed in place and cannot be manipulated experimentally; long term studies may offer the best chance to inform evidence-based designs for new CS projects in the future. Long-term data from Banff National Park are uniquely posed to answer these critical questions. More recently, highway mitigation along US93 in Montana provides an additional case study with which to understand the responses of large animals to different CS designs. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting movement of large mammals through CS using data sets from both mitigation projects. Year-round monitoring of CS use was used in an analytical framework to address questions regarding species-specific and community level use of CS; design and habitat factors that best explain species-specific variation; and whether importance of design parameters changes over time. Over the 17 years of the Banff study, and the six years of the Montana study, CS facilitated over 200,000 crossing events at 55 locations. There were significant changes in annual crossing events over time. Variables associated with CS passage rates were species specific, but aligned with a few clusters of preference. With the exception of coyotes, all large carnivore species preferred open span bridges or overpasses to other CS types. In Montana, fencing was positively associated with passage rates for black bears and cougars. We found that wider CS tend to be preferred by most species, irrespective of their location. We also found that wider CS tend to have shorter ‘adaptation’ curves than narrower ones for grizzly bears, coyotes, cougars, and moose. Depending on the heterogeneity of the landscape near the highway, more CS may not create more crossing opportunities if local habitat conditions do not favor animals’ access to the road. At the scale of ecological communities, the flows of mass and energy are likely enough to alter the distribution of ecological processes in the Banff and Montana ecosystems. Our results highlight the value of long-term monitoring for assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Our work confirms the species-specific nature of measure CS performance, leading to our primary recommendation that a diversity of CS designs be considered an essential part of a well-designed mitigation system for the large mammals of western North America. Short-term monitoring efforts may fail to accurately portray the ecological benefits of mitigation for populations and ecological communities. Our results will help to inform design and aid in the establishment of robust, long-term performance measures.
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Dorr, Brian S., Kristi L. Sullivan, Paul D. Curtis, Richard B. Chipman, and Russell D. McCullough. Double-crested Cormorants. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207735.ws.
Full textAbstract:
The history of conflict between double-crested cormorants and human interest in fisheries is long and convoluted. Overall, double-crested cormorants are not major consumers of commercial and sportfish species. However, exceptions have been recorded at specific sites with documented impacts on local fisheries. Double-crested cormorants can have a significant impact on vegetation at breeding sites through normal nesting activities. Their guano is acidic and can change soil chemistry, killing ground vegetation and irreversibly damaging nest trees. Humans should avoid direct contact with excrement from wildlife, including droppings from cormorants. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has the primary responsibility and authority for managing migratory bird populations in the U.S. This publication will focus on the double-crested cormorant, which is the most numerous and widely dispersed of the species.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Rafaeli, Ada, and Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.