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Books on the topic 'Specifics of accounting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Gadzhiev, Nazirhan, Natal'ya Ivlicheva, Pavel Ivlichev, Elena Kolesnikova, Sergei Aleksandrovich Konovalenko, Ruslan Kornilovich, Mihail Lobanov, et al. Accounting. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1032771.

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The textbook contains 29 topics that reveal the specifics of the discipline "Accounting". Their study will allow students to master the basic techniques, accounting techniques, learn to identify errors and violations in the work of the organization, signs of economic crimes, acquire skills in working with regulatory documents regulating accounting and financial work in the line of economic security and anti-corruption. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Designed for students majoring in 38.05.01 " Economic security "(specialization "Economic and legal support of economic security"), cadets, students of higher educational institutions, including educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

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2

Kaspina, Roza, and Lyubov' Plotnikova. Accounting and taxation of foreign economic activities of organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018339.

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The tutorial contains practical examples of organization and conducting accounting and tax accounting of foreign economic activity and the examples that reveal the specifics of foreign exchange operations. Given a multivariate system of control of knowledge of students with answers and solution algorithm is a full set of the Fund of assessment tools for current and intermediate control. Used active learning methods in the form of colloquiums, business games, discussions and other interactive forms. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Designed for students enrolled in our undergraduate and graduate students of economic universities. It can be useful to executives and managers of organizations, chief accountants and economists, auditors in their practical work, as presented in the textbook material allows to solve a dispute.

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3

Oulton, Nicholas. Investment-specific technological change and growth accounting. London: Bank of England, 2004.

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4

Sutyagin, Vladislav. Valuation of the rights requirements (debt receivable): theory and practice. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013696.

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The textbook divides the concepts used in the assessment, — the right to claim the liability (debt), accounts receivable. Solved what is the object of evaluation from the point of view of the legislation on appraisal activity. Describes the specifics of the receivable and its financing in the company. The peculiarities of accounting of accounts receivable. The questions of inventory of receivables, its recognition, the used chart of accounts and procedures for cancellation. The features of the procedure of the analysis of the quality of receivables. Considers the current methodology of assessment of claims. Attention is paid to issues of mass valuation of receivables, the evaluation of business value, as well as the problem of calculating the discount rate. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of higher educational institutions enrolled in the fields of study within the bachelor — 38.03.01 "Economics", within the master's program — 38.04.01 "Economy" and 38.04.08 "Finance and credit", and also for students of professional retraining programs "Valuation of enterprise (business)".

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5

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Accounting Standards Executive Committee. Amendments to specific AICPA pronouncements for changes related to the NAIC codification. New York, N.Y: The Institute, 2001.

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6

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Accounting Standards Executive Committee. Amendments to specific AICPA pronouncements for changes related to the NAIC codification. New York, N.Y: The Institute, 2001.

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7

Galinovskaya, Elena, Elena Boltanova, Gennadiy Volkov, Galina Vyphanova, I. Ignat'eva, N. Kichigin, E. Kovaleva, et al. Zones with special conditions of use of territories (problems of the establishment and implementation of the legal regime). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080400.

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The peculiarities of the modern spatial development necessitated the development of organizational, managerial and legal measures to reduce the risks of neighbourhood objects that have a negative impact on humans and the environment, as well as to strengthen the protection of especially dangerous or sensitive objects. Introduction to the Land code of the Russian Federation the concept of "zones with special conditions of use of territories" is one of the promising solutions to the above tasks and is aimed at ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, industrial safety, safety in operating all types of transport, defence and state security, environmental protection etc. The Handbook describes the concept and the legal nature of the zones with special conditions of use of territories as a new category, which should become a full part of fur- the mechanism of the land law regulation. Describes the evolution of national legislation on conservation and protection zones, the analysis of the regulation of similar zones in foreign legislation. Special attention is paid to General issues of the legal regime of these zones, the specifics of their establishment and accounting. Researched legal requirements for the adherence of all types of zones with special conditions of use. For practitioners and specialists in the field of state and municipal administration, scientific workers and lecturers of higher and secondary professional educational institutions, students, graduates, and also for a wide range of readers.

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8

J, Palmer William. Construction accounting and financial management. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

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9

Allan, Jacqueline. Is European accounting harmonised?: Study of the United Kingdom and France's accounting systems with specific reference to true and fair view, asset valuation and goodwill. Middlesbrough: Teesside Business School, 1996.

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10

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Accounting and Review Services Committee. Compilation of specified elements, accounts, or items of a financial statement. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2005.

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11

Oulton, Nicholas. Jeremy Greenwood and Per Krusell, "Growth accounting with investment-specific technological progress: a discussion of two approaches": A rejoinder. London: Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2007.

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12

Glinskiy, Vladimir, Vladimir Ionin, Lyudmila Serga, Natal'ya Ovechkina, Tat'yana Dudina, Liya Harchenko, Ekaterina Simonova, Sergey Chikin, Elena Shmarihina, and Lyudmila Yaroslavceva. Statistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/552459.

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The content of the textbook is divided into three parts: the theory of statistics and the application of its methods in specific studies — macro - and micro-economic statistics, respectively. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation. For students studying in an enlarged group of specialties "Economics and management", and all those interested in the problems of analysis of specific processes in the fields of Economics, management, production, accounting and Finance, as well as in other situations related to the analysis of mass statistical data.

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13

Pereira, Vivian. UK/US GAAP comparison: A comparison between UK and US accounting principles. 3rd ed. London: Ernst & Young, 1994.

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14

Pereira, Vivian. UK/US GAAP comparison: A comparison between UK and US accounting principles. 2nd ed. London: Kogan Page, 1992.

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15

Balikoev, Vladimir. Economic studies: history, theory, methodology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1035827.

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It analyzes methodological problems of contemporary economic theory and concrete economic disciplines. In a simple and accessible form set out in historical perspective theory and methodology of economic research in a variety of economic doctrines from mercantilism to contemporary neoliberalism. Much attention is paid to the national identity of economic theory in the methodological aspect. In detail and with specific examples, discusses the methodology of dialectics and dialectical materialism, the combination of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc., as well as their tools of research — a scientific theory, concept, paradigm, principle, Maxim. Similar to the analysis in the example are exposed to methodologies and tools for economic studies analysis of economic activities, banking, statistics, accounting, and financial management. Addressed to students, undergraduates, graduate students, teachers and anyone interested in research methodology.

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16

Ealy, C. Diane. Our money, ourselves: Redesigning your relationship with money : a self-help guide. New York: AMACOM, 1999.

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17

Edward, Szewczak, ed. Measuring information technology investment payoff: Contemporary approaches. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub., 1999.

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18

S, Pyenson Bruce, American Psychiatric Association, and Milliman & Robertson, Inc., eds. Actuarially determined capitation rates for mental health benefits: Report prepared for the American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1995.

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19

Paioff, Mitch. Accounting Software Guide: A Directory of Microcomputer Accounting Software Products for Specific Industries. Anderson Laser Software, 1989.

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20

Ohlin, Jens David. Justice After War. Edited by Seth Lazar and Helen Frowe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199943418.013.5.

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After the conclusion of hostilities, whether formal armed conflict or not, parties must be held to account for their behaviour. This sentiment is almost universally shared, regardless of one’s moral or ethical framework, although the specifics of this accounting are deeply controversial and contested. In Section 2 of this brief commentary, the chapter offers a normative foundation for justice after war that appeal to the anti-impunity norm. It concludes that criminal trials, as opposed to nonpenal mechanisms, best vindicate the anti-impunity norm. In light of this conclusion, Section 3 asks how we should achieve justice after war: who should be put on trial (leaders or foot soldiers), who should prosecute them (national or international courts), which crimes they should be charged with (domestic or international crimes), which procedures should govern the trials, and how (and why) they should be punished.

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21

Mohd Hanefah, Mustafa. Tax systems taxpayer compliance and specific tax issues. UUM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9833282962.

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This book has eight chapters. Each chapter discusses one topic related to taxation. The topics covered in this book are tax systems, taxpayer compliance, compliance costs, transfer pricing, accounting malpractices and tax issues, taxation of ecommerce, and electronic tax administration. These topics are relevant to the advanced taxation course in the under-graduate and post-graduate programs (Masters and PhD). Each topic is discussed with relevant literature. The first three chapters touch on issues and problems related to the new tax administrative system i.e the self-assessment system, which is being implemented in developed countries including Malaysia, and is now being adopted for implementation in many developing countries worldwide. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 give an insight to issues related to tax systems, taxpayer compliance and compliance costs. The other four chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8 discuss topics that are categorised as selected tax issues. The selected tax issues include transfer pricing, accounting malpractices and tax issues, taxation of ecommerce and electronic tax administration. These issues have not been deliberated before, and it is timely that a book of this nature is published for tax authorities, researchers, students, lecturers, authorities and practitioners. Past literature and research findings are quoted to support the discussions in each chapter. The authors own research findings in certain topics found in this book are used to support the arguments and discussions.

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22

Smith, Mark A., William J. Palmer, and William E. Coombs. Construction Accounting and Financial Management. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 1994.

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23

Ernst & Young (Corporate Author), ed. Uk/Us Gaap Comparison: A Comparison Between Uk and Us Accounting Principles. 3rd ed. Kogan Page Ltd, 1997.

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24

Capps, Teresa. A research study into furthering the understanding of management accounting in practice with specific reference to thepractice utilised in the North Derbyshire area of the NCB. 1990.

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25

Voltz, Raymond, Stefan Lorenzl, and Georg Nübling. Neurological disorders other than dementia. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0155.

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The significance of a palliative care approach for patients with neurological disorders other than dementia is increasingly recognized. Whereas the care for these patients, for example, those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or motor neuron disease, had been incorporated in the initial concept by Dame Cicely Saunders, recent scientific evidence supports this position. The need for palliative care in these patients is underpinned by their frequent wish for hastening death. This chapter describes palliative care approaches for a number of neurological disorders other than dementia. For ALS, palliative care management including specific issues such as respiratory insufficiency or malnutrition are fairly well established. Also, in parkinsonian syndromes, a lot of palliative care needs can be recognized and managed effectively. For patients with multiple sclerosis, the first randomized controlled trial showed clearly positive effects on symptoms as well as usage of health-care resources. The chapter also summarizes the drug use for specific symptom management, accounting for alternative application routes.

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26

Wilber, Charles K. Contributions of Economic Theory to an Understanding of the Common Good in Catholic Social Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670054.003.0006.

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Economic analysis can be useful to Catholic social thought in its concern for the common good, or the rough economic equivalent, human flourishing. First, treating the standard economic concept of externalities as ubiquitous can result in policies that promote human flourishing. Second, much scholarly work in economics recognizes that under conditions of interdependence and imperfect information, rational self-interest frequently will lead to socially irrational results unless that self-interest is somehow constrained. Two specific changes can better promote the common good: investing in the prospective role of worker-shared ownership and replacing gross domestic product with an accounting system that more accurately measures the well-being of society. These reflections lead to an answer to the question, What is the common good?

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27

Ricciardi, Victor. The Financial Psychology of Players, Services, and Products. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of the emerging cognitive and emotional themes of behavioral finance that influence individual behavior. The behavioral finance perspective of risk incorporates both qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) aspects of the decision-making process. An emerging subject of research interest and investigation in behavioral finance is the inverse (negative) relation between perceived risk and expected return (perceived return). The chapter highlights important topics such as representativeness, framing, anchoring, mental accounting, control issues, familiarity bias, trust, worry, and regret theory. It also examines the role of negative affective reactions on financial decisions. A host of biases that depend on specific aspects of the financial product or investment service influence the judgment and decision-making process of most financial players.

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28

de Vignemont, Frédérique. Bodily Space. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0005.

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Imagine that two pressures of equal intensity are applied on your cheek and on your knee inducing two tactile sensations. In what sense do these two sensations feel different? In other words, is there a specific spatial phenomenology that is constitutive of bodily sensations? If one replies negatively, then one would expect free-floating sensations but there seems to be no such thing. But if one replies positively, then one has to explain what grounds this spatial phenomenology that seems to differ on many respects from the one encountered in visual experiences. One may then suggest accounting for it in terms of dispositions to direct actions at the locations of bodily sensations. However, sensorimotor approaches to bodily awareness face major conceptual and empirical difficulties.

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29

Roman, Eve, Tracy Lightfoot, Susan Picton, and Sally Kinsey. Childhood Cancers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0059.

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This chapter addresses the wide range of histological and site-specific cancers that occur before age 25. It considers disease classifications, predisposing factors, and the epidemiology of the most common malignancies seen in children, and adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Cancer before age 25 is rare, accounting for < 2% of diagnoses in economically developed countries. The global burden of childhood cancers is, difficult to quantify, however, since over 80% of the world’s children and AYAs live in economically developing countries, where high morbidity/mortality from infectious disease and nutritional deficiency complicate diagnosis. Both inherited and environmental factors influence cancer risk in children and AYAs, although the relative contribution of each varies widely among cancer subtypes and relatively few causal associations are well established.

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30

Champigneulle, Benoit, and Frédéric Pène. Pathophysiology and management of neutropenia in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0274.

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Neutropenia is defined by an absolute neutrophil count <500 per mm3. Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression represents the main mechanism accounting for neutropenia, although various bone marrow disorders might also result in impaired granulopoiesis. Neutropenia, especially when profound and prolonged, is a major risk factor for severe bacterial and fungal infections. Early initiation of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy represents the cornerstone of the treatment of febrile neutropenia. A number of infected neutropenic patients may exhibit organ failures, such as acute respiratory failures and/or severe sepsis requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. This chapter discusses the particularities in the management of neutropenic patients in the ICU, including outcome and criteria for ICU admission, management of antimicrobials with respect to the current epidemiological trends, and other measures specific to this subgroup of patients.

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31

Hitt, Michael A., Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. The Imperative for Strategy Implementation. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.1.

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Most of the research and writing in strategic management focuses on the formulation of the most appropriate strategies. Selecting the best strategy for firms to follow is very important to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage. However, many strategies fail not because they are improperly formulated, but because they are poorly implemented. Despite the importance of effectively implementing strategies, there is little research strategy implementation. Outside of the implementation of specific strategy types, such as mergers and acquisitions, perhaps the most prominent focus of strategy implementation research has been on matching the organizational structure to the strategy chosen. This handbook contributes to our understanding of strategy implementation and identifies considerable opportunities for future research on this important process, with a focus on resources, governance, human capital, and accounting-based control systems.

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32

Vogel, Steven K. The Elements of Marketcraft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699857.003.0002.

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How do you craft a market? This chapter reviews some of the key institutions necessary to make markets function and flourish. A modern market economy requires much more than the rule of law and the protection of private property: corporate law, accounting systems, banking regulation, capital market regulation, corporate governance, labor regulation, antitrust policy, sector-specific regulation, intellectual property protection, and the deliberate fabrication of certain markets. These mechanisms structure markets by defining market actors, such as corporations; constructing goods, such as intellectual property rights; establishing market arenas, such as stock exchanges; setting the rules of exchange, such as trading practices; and promoting competition via regulation. In all of the substantive issue cases reviewed in this chapter, government regulation and private-sector coordination are not impediments to markets, but rather preconditions to their creation, expansion, and dynamism.

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33

Kwame Harrison, Anthony. Writing Up Ethnographic Methodologies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371785.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 offers a roadmap for presenting ethnographic methodologies that emphasizes the importance of contextualizing both the researcher and the experiences of research. Building on Chapter 2’s discussion of research design, the author argues that writing up ethnographic methodologies is less about outlining specific research steps and procedures and more about providing a good-faith accounting of the context and conditions surrounding the work. The author details the historical rise of self-consciousness in ethnography, explaining that its emergence both raised the profile of the ethnographer as an actor in research situations and, in turn, set the stage for ethnography’s reflexive, critical, and collaborative turns. The author next presents a series of goals to which contemporary ethnographers should aspire when representing their research experiences. The chapter closes with an elaboration on the different ways methodological discussions have been placed within ethnographic texts.

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34

Nagasawa, Yujin. The Problem of Evil for Atheists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821625.003.0007.

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This chapter contends that the problem of evil arises not only for theists but also for atheists. To demonstrate this, focus is placed on ‘the problem of systemic evil’, where this is the problem of accounting for the violent, cruel, and unfair system of natural selection, a system which guarantees pain and suffering for uncountably many sentient beings. Unlike the traditional problem of evil, which concentrates on specific events, the more challenging problem of systemic evil emphasizes that the entire biological system is evil. Despite the systemic nature of evil, both theists and atheists typically uphold ‘existential optimism’, the thesis that the world is overall a good place and that we should be grateful for our existence in it. The combination of systemic evil and existential optimism gives rise to the ‘existential problem of systemic evil’, and this is a problem that theists have greater resources in answering than do atheists.

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35

VanCour, Shawn. Making Radio Drama. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497118.003.0005.

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This chapter analyzes methods of sonic storytelling and radio acting used in early broadcast drama. While accounting for a small percentage of period programming, dramatic productions formed a rich site for vernacular theorization of radio’s purportedly medium-specific properties and aesthetic possibilities. Dismissed by stage competitors as a hindrance to effective storytelling, radio’s aurality was embraced by proponents as the basis for a new dramatic art form that would be governed by five core principles: (1) emphasis on “natural” acting styles, (2) dialogue reduction through use of music and sound effects, (4) thinning the mix to ensure narrative clarity, and (5) privileging intelligibility of dialogue over alternative forms of aural realism. Echoing strategies from an earlier generation of descriptive discs and presaging those for sound cinema, methods for rendering radio’s invisible fictions worked to demonstrate the medium’s own aesthetic potential while also contributing to larger developments in techniques of sonic storytelling.

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36

Jarnecke, Amber M., and Susan C. South. Behavior and Molecular Genetics of the Five Factor Model. Edited by Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.25.

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Behavior and molecular genetics informs knowledge of the etiology, structure, and development of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Behavior genetics uses quantitative modeling to parse the relative influence of nature and nurture on phenotypes that vary within the population. Behavior genetics research on the FFM has demonstrated that each domain has a heritability (proportion of variation due to genetic influences) of 40–50%. Molecular genetic methods attempt to identify specific genetic mechanisms associated with personality variation. To date, findings from molecular genetics are tentative, with significant results failing to replicate and accounting for only a small percentage of the variance. However, newer techniques hold promise for finding the “missing heritability” of FFM and related personality domains. This chapter presents an overview of commonly used behavior and molecular genetic techniques, reviews the work that has been done on the FFM domains and facets, and offers a perspective for future directions.

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37

Marcus, Smith, and Leslie Nico. Part I The Nature of Intangible Property, 4 Debts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198748434.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on debts. A debt is a right to demand payment of money at a stipulated time. That stipulated time may be a future specific date, or the debt may be payable on demand or on the occurrence of some defined future event. In order to be a debt, the money must be due as a matter of legal obligation, that is, arising out of a contract or a deed. At times—particularly for accounting and tax purposes—attempts are made to further classify debts. One classification of debt is known as ‘book debt’. Book debts are best defined as debts in some way connected with the creditor's trade, or debts connected with and growing out of the creditor's trade. The chapter then looks at syndicated loans, where two or more banks severally lend to a single borrower, and the nature of debts as property.

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38

Hitt, Michael A., Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. The Future of Strategy Implementation. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.25.

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Little systematic research has been done on strategy implementation, yet there is a body of work providing guidance for implementation efforts. The authors examine three basic collections of work on resources and governance, managing human capital, and accounting-based control systems, explaining how these issues have implications for strategy implementation. Although the chapters in this Handbook provide many useful insights concerning issues that must be addressed in order to effectively implement firms’ strategies, there is need for more and systematic work. The purposes of this final chapter are to identify promising future research directions and to serve as a catalyst for the creation of additional collections of work that can enhance our understanding of strategy implementation. The five specific topics for which more work on strategy implementation is needed are innovation and entrepreneurship, marketing strategies and services, managing operations, managing financial assets and human capital, and strategies (international, acquisitions, differentiation).

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39

Sørensen, Bjørn Bo, Christian Estmann, Enilde Francisco Sarmento, and John Rand. Economic complexity and structural transformation: the case of Mozambique. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/898-6.

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Mozambique is among the world’s least complex economies. By systematically accounting for both supply- and demand-side factors, we identify new products and sectors that can help to diversify and upgrade its economy. In a supply-side analysis, we use network methods from the literature on economic complexity to identify a set of target products that are complex, require productive capabilities useful in the export of other products, and are close to Mozambique’s existing productive structure. In a demand-side analysis, we use gravity models to predict the export potential of target products and markets given product-specific trade resistance and geographically dispersed demand. The broad sectoral focus of Mozambique’s industrial policy is largely consistent with structural transformation and export promotion. The current prioritization of agriculture, agro-industry, and metals is especially important, while there are unexploited opportunities in machinery, vehicles, and transport equipment. We find some potential for Mozambique to export target products to neighbouring countries.

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40

Koppelman, Andrew. Gay Rights vs. Religious Liberty? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500989.001.0001.

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Should religious people who conscientiously object to facilitating same-sex weddings, and who therefore decline to provide cakes, photography, or other services, be exempted from antidiscrimination laws? This issue has taken on an importance far beyond the tiny number who have made such claims. Gay rights advocates fear that exempting even a few religious dissenters would unleash a devastating wave of discrimination. Conservative Christians fear that the law will treat them like racists and drive them to the margins of American society. Both sides are mistaken. This is not a matter of abstract principle, and none of the constitutional claims work. This is an appropriate occasion for legislative negotiation. This book is the only systematic accounting of the interests that must be balanced in any decent compromise, in terms that both sides can recognize and appreciate. Koppelman explains the basis of antidiscrimination law, including the complex idea of dignitary harm. He shows why even those who do not regard religion as important or valid nonetheless have good reasons to support religious liberty, and why those who regard religion as a value of overriding importance should nonetheless reject the extravagant power over nonbelievers that the Supreme Court has recently embraced. Koppelman also proposes a specific solution to the problem: that religious exemptions be granted only to the few businesses that are willing to announce their compunctions and bear the costs of doing so. His approach makes room for America’s enormous variety of deeply held beliefs and ways of life. It can help reduce the toxic polarization of American politics.

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41

van Prooijen, Jan-Willem. The Moral Punishment Instinct. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609979.001.0001.

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Across time and cultures, ranging from ancient hunter-gatherers, to holy scriptures, to contemporary courts of law, it has been common for people to punish offenders. Furthermore, punishment is not restricted to criminal offenders but emerges in all spheres of social life, including corporations, public institutions, traffic, sports matches, schools, and parenting. Why is punishment so ubiquitous? One cannot find a satisfactory explanation for the universality of punishment in the social science literature focusing on human morality in general. Punishment also occurs among nonhuman animals for which one can question their sense of morality, including rodents, fish, and insects. Apparently, there is something specific and unique about punishment that warrants a more focused discussion. This book proposes that people possess a moral punishment instinct, that is, a hard-wired tendency to aggress against those who violate the norms of the group. People evolved this instinct due to its power to control behavior by curbing selfishness and free-riding, thereby providing incentives to stimulate the mutual cooperation that small tribes of ancient hunter-gatherers needed to survive in a challenging natural environment. To examine this idea, the book describes how punishment originates from moral emotions, stimulates cooperation, and shapes the social life of human beings. Guided by many recognizable examples, the book illuminates how the moral punishment instinct manifests itself among nonhuman animals, children, cultures of modern humans, and tribes of hunter-gatherers, while accounting for the role of this instinct in religion, war, racial bias, restorative justice, gossip, torture, and radical terrorism.

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42

Wasting assets: Natural resources in the national income accounts. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 1989.

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43

Wells, Michael, Robert Repetto, William Magrath, Christine Beer, and Fabrizio Rossini. Wasting Assets: Natural Resources in the National Income Accounts. World Resources Inst, 1989.

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44

Chee Chee, Lim. Case Studies in Management and Business (Volume 3). UUM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672064428.

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Institute for Management and Business Research (IMBRe) is pleased to put forward this book which contains a compilation of business management case studies.The cases in this book are meant for teaching and learning purposes which could be used for both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.In specific, the first case about Lang Buana Museums requires students to apply their knowledge of how to manage an entity in public sector with respect to its accountability, financial management and accounting to address the Museums problems in trying to improve the operation and financial conditions of the Museums. The second case about Regular Care insurance and Critical Care insurance requires students to apply their knowledge of insurance management and also financial management about time value of money (TVM) concept in making purchase decisions for different needs of medical care and for different premium payment terms.The third case about BFN Bank Berhad requires students to apply their knowledge of bank management with respect to commercial banks operations and its lending activities to come up with turnaround strategies in reducing the banks non-performing loans (NPLs) to enable the bank to generate high return. The fourth case about Langkawi Buffalo Park requires students to apply their knowledge of how to manage a farm to improve its performance with respect to management, marketing and finance by conducting SWOT analysis and re-establishing the length of time expected to break even.The fifth case about a small family business requires students to apply their knowledge of strategic management by performing SWOT analysis, explaining how business creates values under cost-leadership strategy, discussing the disadvantages of resource-based model and identifying exit barriers. The sixth and last case about Knots Group Café requires students to apply their knowledge of human resource management with regard to the recruitment, development (talent management) and retention of employees for business sustainability.

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45

Ealy, C. Diane, and Kay Lesh. Our Money, Ourselves: Redesigning Your Relationship With Money : A Self-Help Guide. AMACOM, 1998.

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46

Mahmood, Mo Adam, and Edward J. Szewczak. Measuring Information Technology Investment Payoff: Contemporary Approaches (Series in Information Technology Management). IGI Global, 1998.

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47

Pyenson, Bruce S., and Stephen P. Melek. American Psychiatric Association Capitation Handbook: Actuarially Determined Capitation Rates for Mental Health Benefits. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 1995.

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48

Wikle, Christopher K. Spatial Statistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.710.

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The climate system consists of interactions between physical, biological, chemical, and human processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Characterizing the behavior of components of this system is crucial for scientists and decision makers. There is substantial uncertainty associated with observations of this system as well as our understanding of various system components and their interaction. Thus, inference and prediction in climate science should accommodate uncertainty in order to facilitate the decision-making process. Statistical science is designed to provide the tools to perform inference and prediction in the presence of uncertainty. In particular, the field of spatial statistics considers inference and prediction for uncertain processes that exhibit dependence in space and/or time. Traditionally, this is done descriptively through the characterization of the first two moments of the process, one expressing the mean structure and one accounting for dependence through covariability.Historically, there are three primary areas of methodological development in spatial statistics: geostatistics, which considers processes that vary continuously over space; areal or lattice processes, which considers processes that are defined on a countable discrete domain (e.g., political units); and, spatial point patterns (or point processes), which consider the locations of events in space to be a random process. All of these methods have been used in the climate sciences, but the most prominent has been the geostatistical methodology. This methodology was simultaneously discovered in geology and in meteorology and provides a way to do optimal prediction (interpolation) in space and can facilitate parameter inference for spatial data. These methods rely strongly on Gaussian process theory, which is increasingly of interest in machine learning. These methods are common in the spatial statistics literature, but much development is still being done in the area to accommodate more complex processes and “big data” applications. Newer approaches are based on restricting models to neighbor-based representations or reformulating the random spatial process in terms of a basis expansion. There are many computational and flexibility advantages to these approaches, depending on the specific implementation. Complexity is also increasingly being accommodated through the use of the hierarchical modeling paradigm, which provides a probabilistically consistent way to decompose the data, process, and parameters corresponding to the spatial or spatio-temporal process.Perhaps the biggest challenge in modern applications of spatial and spatio-temporal statistics is to develop methods that are flexible yet can account for the complex dependencies between and across processes, account for uncertainty in all aspects of the problem, and still be computationally tractable. These are daunting challenges, yet it is a very active area of research, and new solutions are constantly being developed. New methods are also being rapidly developed in the machine learning community, and these methods are increasingly more applicable to dependent processes. The interaction and cross-fertilization between the machine learning and spatial statistics community is growing, which will likely lead to a new generation of spatial statistical methods that are applicable to climate science.

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