Relevant bibliographies by topics / Specimen figured

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Specimen figured'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Specimen figured"

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Modzalevskaya, T. L. "The lectotype of Collarothyris canaliculata (Wenjukow)." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 3 (May 1994): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000026044.

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The genus Collarothyris was erected by Modzalevskaya in 1970 (p. 155) with Meristella canaliculata Wenjukow, 1899, as type species. Wenjukow (1899) did not designate a type; however, on p. 143 he gave the measurements of two specimens, one of which was figured on Plate VII, figure 21, and designated holotype by Modzalevskaya (1970, p. 156). Unfortunately, this specimen is lost (see also Nikiforova, Modzalevskaya, and Bassett, 1985). Further checking of the collections of the Geological Museum of the Geological Institute of Science, Kiev (Ukrania), resulted in finding, among Wenjukow's (1899) original collection, one specimen (No. 367/165) labelled as Meristella canaliculata and whose measurements coincide with one of those given by Wenjukow (1899, p. 143). This specimen is here figured (Figure 1) and selected lectotype of Collarothyris canaliculata (Wenjukow).
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Orr, R. William, and Richard H. Fluegeman. "Notice of transfer of figured specimens of North American Devonian cyclocystoids." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 1 (January 1993): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021296.

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In 1990 (Fluegeman and Orr) the writers published a short study on known North American cyclocystoids. This enigmatic group is best represented in the United States Devonian by only two specimens, both illustrated in the 1990 report. Previously, the Cortland, New York, specimen initially described by Heaslip (1969) was housed at State University College at Cortland, New York, and the Logansport, Indiana, specimen was housed at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Both institutions recognize the importance of permanently placing these rare specimens in a proper paleontologic repository with other cyclocystoids. Therefore, these two specimens have been transferred to the curated paleontologic collection at the University of Cincinnati Geological Museum where they can be readily studied by future workers in association with a good assemblage of Ordovician specimens of the Cyclocystoidea.
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Sakala, Jakub, Ildikó Selmeczi, and Lilla Hably. "Reappraisal of Greguss’ Fossil Wood Types and Figured Specimens from the Cenozoic of Hungary: Overview, Corrected Geology and Systematical Notes." Fossil Imprint 74, no. 1-2 (August 31, 2018): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0008.

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Prof. Pál Greguss (*1889, †1984) was a leading figure in European (palaeo)xylotomy. His collection of types and figured specimens from the Cenozoic of Hungary published in the two monographs (Fossil gymnosperm woods in Hungary from the Permian to the Pliocene and Tertiary angiosperm woods in Hungary), now stored in the Palaeobotanical Collection of the Botanical Department in the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest, is of great value. Many types were considered lost, but the present reappraisal, conducted by the first author during several visits to Budapest between 2009 and 2016, uncovered 18 types, 35 figured specimens and 1 additional specimen, 54 items in total. In the text, all specimens are briefly presented with their systematical attribution, information on their numbers, localities and their corrected geological age. The text is completed by two photo-plates and one summary table.
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Bell, Gorden L. "A pycnodont fish from the Upper Cretaceous of Alabama." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 5 (September 1986): 1120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000022642.

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An unusually complete large pycnodont fish from the Mooreville Chalk of Green County, Alabama, is figured and compared to several previously described specimens. Material from the specimen apparently places Grypodus Hay = Ancistrodon Roemer, Hadrodus Leidy, and Propenser Applegate into synonymy. The specimen is referred to Hadrodus hewletti (Applegate). A complete dentition is present and most of the thick, tuberculated ganoid scales that covered the body are preserved. Exact location of the dorsal fin has been determined and many of the fragile gill rakers are represented.
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Ng, Peter K. L. "On the identities of Pinnotheres villosissimus Doflein, 1904, P. dofleini Lenz, in Lenz & Strunck, 1914, and P. pilumnoides Nobili, 1906 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) from the western Indian Ocean." Crustaceana 91, no. 5 (2018): 611–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003785.

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Abstract Doflein (1904) accidentally transposed the figures for the third maxillipeds of two species of pinnotherid crabs he described, a mistake which has taxonomic consequences. The species he described, Pinnotheres villosissimus Doflein, 1904, from Sumatra, is here referred to its own genus, Trichobezoares n. gen. The specimen Doflein identified as “Pinnotheres sp.” from South Africa was referred to a new species, Pinnotheres dofleini by Lenz (in Lenz & Strunck, 1914) partly based on Doflein’s (1904) incorrect figure of the third maxilliped. To stabilize the taxonomy of this species, Doflein’s specimen is selected as the lectotype; fixing the species as a member of Afropinnotheres Manning, 1993. Pinnotheres pilumnoides Nobili, 1906 (Djibouti) was differentiated from the taxon T. villosissimus partially on differences in the third maxilliped. It is redescribed, figured and shown to be a second species of Trichobezoares. The correct authorship for the species established in Lenz & Strunck (1914) is also discussed.
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JOUAULT, CORENTIN, and ANDRÉ NEL. "A new species of Prosyntexis Sharkey, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Sepulcidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil confirmed by geometric morphometric analysis." Palaeoentomology 4, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.2.6.

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Examination of new fossil specimens of Prosyntexis from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil reveled a new species namely Prosyntexis sennlaubi sp. nov. To ensure the validity of the new taxon we examined previously described and figured specimens but we also figured an additional specimen of Prosyntexis gouleti Sharkey, 1990. The new species can be differentiated from the other Prosyntexis species of the Crato formation by its larger size but also in having the cell 2R1 small, the cell 2M small and short, the cell 3R1 narrow and the vein a directed toward wing apex. We performed a Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMA) to estimate the variation in the forewing venation of the two species from the Crato Formation and ensure our placement.
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Li, Cheng-Sen, F. M. Hueber, and C. L. Hotton. "A neotype for Drepanophycus spinaeformis Göppert 1852." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-062.

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The species Drepanophycus spinaeformis Göppert 1852 was described as a fossil plant closely allied with the fucoid algae. Many years later the type, a single figured specimen, was lost along with its associated collection. Subsequent studies described and assigned additional fossils to the species and redefined it as a land plant, a lycopsid. Through all of the descriptions and assignments of specimens to the species, no single specimen was designated as the type to bear the name in the absence of a holotype. The purpose of this paper is to designate a specimen as the neotype, the bearer of the name, and to emend the taxonomic description of the species.Key words: Drepanophycus, neotype, lycopsid, cauline sporangia, Lower Devonian, Canada.
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BOGAN, SERGIO, FEDERICO AGNOLIN, and MARTÍN D. EZCURRA. "Review of the enigmatic ‘shark’, Platyacrodus unicus Ameghino, 1935, from the Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina: a history of palaeontologists, sharks and crabs." Zootaxa 4646, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.5.

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Platyacrodus unicus Ameghino, 1935, was described as an enigmatic shark probably related to the clade Heterodontidae. This species was described based on a single, small crushing tooth-like element coming from the “Salamancan” (Danian) of the Western Río Chico locality, Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina. The holotype and only known specimen was never figured and only briefly characterized by its original describer Florentino Ameghino. The finding of the original figures and holotype specimen allows for a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of this species. Here, Platyacrodus unicus is reinterpreted as the carapace of a small retroplumid crab of the genus Costacopluma Collins & Morris, 1975.
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Wagner, Robert H., and Carmen Álvarez-Vázquez. "A reappraisal of Pecopteris miltonii (Artis) Brongniart, a mid-Westphalian (Early–Mid Pennsylvanian) fern." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 61, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs2015-368.

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Pecopteris miltonii, a middle Westphalian fern originally described from Yorkshire, England, is redescribed and figured here from roof shales of the Barnsley Seam, the level from which it was first recorded. This material is regarded as complementary to the holotype, a fertile specimen showing limited morphological variation and almost lacking venation. Pinna shape of the holotype, including terminals, and the shape and dimensions of pinnules, match that of the material in hand. An analysis of the literature shows that only a limited number of specimens recorded with the miltonii epithet may be regarded as properly assigned. This includes a magnificent specimen figured from Lower Silesia by Stur. Although the species is apparently rare, it is fairly widespread, from North America to central Europe (Bohemia, Lower Silesia). The taxonomic position of Pecopteris miltonii is discussed with reference to the genera Lobatopteris and Crenulopteris, and its synonymy with Pecopteris aspidioides is proposed. A full analysis of Pecopteris miltonii and its synonymy serves to delimit this classical species, which has been often misidentified.
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Lindemann, Franz-Josef. "Note on the ichthyosaurian Cymbospondylus." Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 5 (September 1998): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002727x.

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In 1992 Sander described in this journal a find of the ichthyosaurian genus Cymbospondylus from the Middle Triassic of Spitsbergen. At the time of publication, the specimen illustrated in figures 2-4 (Sander, 1992) and five associated elements (not figured) were housed at the Paleontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zürich (PIMUZ A/III 496 and PIMUZ A/III 647-651). These specimens were later donated by their collector and owner Professor Hans-Joachim Schweitzer (Bonn) to the Paleontological Museum of the University of Oslo (PMO), where they are now stored under the following numbers: PMO 162.003 (=PIMUZ A/III 496, figs. 2-4 in Sander, 1992)PMO 162.004 (=PIMUZ A/III 647)PMO 162.005 (=PIMUZ A/III 648)PMO 162.006 (=PIMUZ A/III 649)PMO 162.007 (=PIMUZ A/III 650)PMO 162.008 (=PIMUZ A/III 651)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Specimen figured"

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Helsing, Sophie. "Doktor Moreau och jakten på den etiska figuren : Från misslyckat människoskapande till respektfulla relationer." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30245.

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“Doctor Moreau and The Hunt for The Ethical Figure. From unsuccessful man-making to respectful relations with Jacques Derrida, Donna Haraway and H. G. Wells” In H. G. Wells’ science fiction novel, The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), a scientist on a remote island in the Pacific Ocean attempts to create humans from animals. Wells draws on Charles Darwin’s theories on the origins of species and the descent of man to create a horror story in which the uniqueness of the human is called into question. This study uses the novel to investigate the re-emergent interest in human-animal relations, within the natural sciences as well as the arts and humanities, in the past twenty years. In what is often termed “the Animal Turn,” theorists such as Jacques Derrida and Donna Haraway, who are at the centre of this study, have dedicated a significant amount of their work to the animal question and in particular to the ethics of inter-species relationships. Furthermore this essay stages the interaction of fiction and theoretical discourse in an analysis that probes challenges inherent to the relations of humans to other species, such as the practice of eating meat, the killing of animals, and animal rights. Moreover, it considers how the figure of the animal has been used to define the human, as well as to dehumanize people in the justification of abuse and persecution. However, human-animal ethics also has positive connotations, discussed through the figures of positivity and possibility in play, sharing, contact and responsive responsibility. Taking its inspiration from Karen Barad’s method of diffraction, this study foregrounds new pattern-making while exploring how Derrida’s and Haraway’s strategies for formulating a new ethics are present in their use of tropes and figures.
Science fiction-romanen The Island of Doctor Moreau skrevs 1896 och handlar om hur en vetenskapsman på en avlägsen ö i Stilla havet försöker skapa människor av djur. Författaren H. G. Wells inspirerades av Darwins teorier om arternas uppkomst till att skriva en skräckberättelse där mänsklighetens unikhet sätts ur spel. Den här studien använder Wells text i syfte att undersöka hur relationen mellan människor och andra arter har kommit att få ett nytt intresse inom en mängd olika vetenskapliga, praktiska och konstnärliga ämnen i slutet av 1900-talet och början av 2000-talet, något som har kommit att kallas ”The Animal Turn”.  I centrum för studien återfinns teorier formulerade av filosofen Jacques Derrida och den feministiska vetenskapsteoretikern och biologen Donna Haraway. Båda två har ägnat stor del av sina respektive arbeten åt djurfrågan, framför allt med enträget intresse för hur ett etiskt förhållande mellan arter kan se ut. Studien låter romanen och de teoretiska texterna samverka i en analys som diskuterar utmaningar i människa-djur-relationer – som köttätande, dödande och rättigheter. Människan har till exempel använt sig av djuret för att definiera sig som människa, men också för att dehumanisera andra människor, och därmed kunnat utnyttja eller våldföra sig på dessa människor. Men människa-djur-etiken har också positiva aspekter: kontakt över språkgränser, att tillsammans utgöra världsmedborgare som alla består av och är beroende av varandra, att dela lek och arbete, att se och upptäcka den andre.  Med inspiration från Karen Barads användning av metoden diffraktion vill den här uppsatsen utforska Derridas och Haraways strategier för att formulera en ny etik genom bruket av figurer och troper.
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Adam, Adeline. "Genre de vie et genre des vies dans les Césars de Suétone : étude pragmatique et anthropologique de la construction de la figure du Prince." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC298.

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Les Césars de Suétone sont souvent considérés comme une collection de biographies d’empereurs où les pratiques sexuelles tiendraient une place importante ; Suétone serait ainsi un auteur sulfureux qui accorderait beaucoup d’importance à des trivialités qui n’ont pas leur place dans les travaux plus dignes des historiens. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons d’analyser les Césars d’un point de vue de la pragmatique de l’écriture et de la lecture pour d’abord replacer cet ouvrage dans les litterae latines. En effet, Suétone n’écrit pas des biographies : l’analyse de sa persona d’auteur permet de situer les Césars à la frontière entre ouvrage de philologus et recueil d’exempla. Suétone emploie une méthode de composition utilisée dans l’éloge, dans laquelle les informations sont classées selon des species dont nous nous proposons d’établir la liste. Une fois ce travail accompli, il est possible de s’interroger sur la place de la « sexualité » dans cet ouvrage. En effet, aucun terme latin ne peut être traduit ainsi ; aucune species ne renvoie donc à cette catégorie. Parmi plusieurs species présentes dans l’ouvrage de Suétone qui renvoient à la sexualité pour notre regard contemporain, nous avons choisi d’en analyser une seule, la pudicitia. L’analyse de cette seule species permet d’éviter de reconstruire artificiellement une catégorie « sexualité » . Nous pouvons ainsi replacer ce que nous percevons comme des pratiques sexuelles dans le cadre d’un discours qui permet des variations sur les thèmes du bon prince et du tyran
Suetonius’s Ceasars are often considered read as a collection of emperor’s biographies in which sexual practices take a considerable place ; thereby Suetonius would be a scandalous author who would lend importance to trivial matters not worthy of a proper historian work. The contention of this Phd dissertation is first, to analyse the Ceasars from a pragmatic andenunciative point of view in order to relocate this work within the latin litterae, for Suetonius does not write biographies, and the study of his persona as an author enables one to situate the Ceasars at the liminal position between the work of a philologus and the collection of exempla. Indeed Suetonius uses devices typical of the elegy in his compsition classifying the pieces of information according to their species. One will list these species. This study will lead to the second step of our Phd dissertation : the questioning of the role played by "sexuality" in thiswork. As a matter of fact, no latin word can be translated to "sexuality", and no species refersto this category. Among the species approaching the notion of "sexuality" as understood by acontemporary reader in Suetonius’s work, one chooses to single out pudicitia. With the analysis of this sole species, one avoids to artificially rebuild a "sexuality" section, and one can relocate what we readers interpret as sexual practices within the frame of a discourse which makesroom for thematic variations on the topoi of the good prince and the tyrant
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Johansson, Pontus, and Andreas Lindvall. "Släktskapet till icke-människor : En familj av hybrider." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14587.

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Vi vill med det här kandidatarbetet problematisera människans distanstagande från dess släktskap och samevolution med djur och maskiner. Tillsammans med bland annat Donna Haraways cyborgfenomen, följeslagande arter och snörlekar vill vi påvisa samhörigheten mellan medvetna varelser. För att skapa nya förhållningssätt och perspektiv för släktskapet använde vi oss av naturliga användargränssnitt, artificiell intelligens, designfiktion, Haraways snörlekar och kvalitativt undersökande som tolkande undersökande. Med de här begreppen som grund i undersökningens gestaltande har vi undersökt kommunikationens kritiska roll i relationer mellan medvetna varelser. Vi har med hjälp av naturliga användargränssnitt undersökt tillvägagångssätt för att påvisa människans samevolution med maskiner och hur människor kan förstå dem som jämställda varelser i samhället. Vi förstår även naturliga användargränssnitt som exemplifiering för att argumentera medvetna maskiner som, likt människor, en jämställd varelse i samhället.
In this Bachelor thesis we want to problematize denial of human relations with animals and machines. With, among other things, Donna Haraways cyborg, companion species and string figures, we want to show the fellowship between aware creatures. To create new approaches and perspectives for the relations between humans, animals and machines, we use natural user interfaces, artificial intelligence, design fiction, Haraways string figures and qualitative research to look into this thesis problem area. These ideas and concepts, as roots of this thesis, was used to form and design the thesis artifact. To show communications critical role in relations between aware creatures. We have, with natural user interfaces, researched approaches to show human relations and fellowship with machines. But also how to understand them as equal creatures. Natural user interfaces is also used in this thesis to show an example of how to discuss artificial intelligence as equals to humans in society.
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Bednár, Peter. "Tvorba písma OpenType volně dostupnými softwarovými prostředky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218848.

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In thesis themes of typography and computer font of OpenType format is described in details. At the beginning attention is paid to historical development of typeface, where stress is laid mainly on development of Roman and white letter with their characteristics. Having presented basis of typography work is concentrated on topic of digital font with emphasis on possibilities of OpenType format. Further its characteristics and advantages were listed compared to another formats and it was evaluated as format appropriate also for creating font in education process. Letterspacing and kerning were mentioned between basic graphical modifications in creating fonts. In theoretical part of the thesis they were examined in available programs designed for creating font in OpenType format. Except free available means into summary were included also commercial types due to absence of more advanced instruments and functions with free available applications. In evaluation was found that the most convenient for education is Fontlab Fontographer commercial program, free Type lite and Fontforge indicated for Open-source platform. Practical part of the thesis is focused on two chosen programs for creating main font characteristics. The goal was to detect if it is possible to reach identical results when using both programs. Fontographer program enabled to use wide tool palette dedicated to vector graphic processing by means of Adobe Illustrator similar instrument. In the case of Type lite program there were rather less instruments, what is sufficient for elementary work and familiarization with creating of digital typeface. Freeware shortage is basic absence of kerning, spacing or hinting functions. Comparing program possibilities, it falls that freeware programs based on OS Windows with their functionality are sufficient only for entry level users. The best option within free available programs is Fontforge for OS Linux which supports mentioned typographic functions. Fontographer was recommended for teaching of basic characteristics of OpenType font format. Another goal of the thesis was creating of recommended work procedure for creating basic characteristics of OpenType font for students, that is enclosed at the end of the thesis.
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HOUNG, KAI HENG, and 洪愷亨. "Healing Style Figure Design-an Example of Taiwan Endemic Species Combined with Potted Plants." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22hm6d.

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碩士
大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
106
The pace of modern life is becoming faster and faster, messages change rapidly, the various challenges people face every day will cause pressure and the adverse effect on psychology and physiology. Then relieving stress and physical and mental adjustment become an important subject for modern people. There are many ways to relieve stress. Because the media push the waves, in recent years, the “Healing Style” trend raises a burst. The word “Healing” is from Japan, it can combine with food, clothing, housing, transportation, education, entertainment, and especially become a consumption pattern. In recent years healing style commodity like toys and figures are really popular. Therefore, this thesis will target healing style commodity’s characteristic, and combine Taiwan endemic species with potted plants, then create a series healing style figure. The literature discussion of this thesis is divided into four major parts: the first part is to introduce stress and the way to relieve stress. The second part is to introduce healing’s origin and category, color psychology, imagery and shaping, healing style toy’s product features. The third part is to introduce the figure’s course, material, and coloring. The fourth part is to introduce the using of Taiwan endemic species in this creative work. This thesis will analyze the concept by five parts: stress relieving, color psychology, imagery, appearance, healing toy’s characteristic, and to combine them with Taiwan endemic species' appearance, potted plants' healing effect, and finally complete the creation of healing style figure.
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Books on the topic "Specimen figured"

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P, Srivastava G., ed. Type and figured specimens at the repository: An inventory. Lucknow: Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 1991.

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Collection, Commonwealth Palaeontological. Catalogue of type, figured, and cited specimens in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection. Canberra: Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 1990.

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Collection, Commonwealth Palaeontological. Catalogue of type, figured, and cited specimens in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection. Canberra: Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 1991.

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Strusz, D. L. Catalogue of type, figured, and cited specimens in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1992.

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Strusz, D. L. Catalogue of type, figured and cited specimens in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection. Canberra: Australian Geological Survey Organisation, 1996.

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Strusz, D. L. Catalogue of type, figured and cited specimens in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection. Canberra: Australian Geological Survey Organisation, 1994.

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Davis, Angela C. Catalogue of type, figured and cited specimens in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection. Canberra: Australian Geological Survey Organisation, 1994.

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Perello, Jennifer Twomey. Figure Out Blue's Clues! (Blue's Clues). New York: Simon Spotlight, 1999.

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History), British Museum (Natural. Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of trilobita in the British Museum. (London): British Museum (Natural History), 1985.

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History), British Museum (Natural. Catalogue of the type and figured specimens of trilobita in the British Museum. [London]: The Museum, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Specimen figured"

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Ye, Wei-min, and David J. Hunt. "Measuring nematodes and preparation of figures." In Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes, 132–51. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0132.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the importance of accurate measurements for the description and identification of nematodes. Differences, albeit small yet consistent, can, if accurately recorded, be important for distinguishing taxa at the species level, although the usefulness and reliability of these characters may only be applicable to certain taxa. Measurement errors resulting from the calibration of the optical system, operator accuracy or even by the same operator measuring the same specimen but on different occasions, are discussed. The effects of the way in which nematodes are prepared for study in temporary water mounts and the killing, fixing and processing methods employed, as does the way in which the slide mount is made, on the morphometric characters of nematodes are also pointed out.
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Ye, Wei-min, and David J. Hunt. "Measuring nematodes and preparation of figures." In Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes, 132–51. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0007.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the importance of accurate measurements for the description and identification of nematodes. Differences, albeit small yet consistent, can, if accurately recorded, be important for distinguishing taxa at the species level, although the usefulness and reliability of these characters may only be applicable to certain taxa. Measurement errors resulting from the calibration of the optical system, operator accuracy or even by the same operator measuring the same specimen but on different occasions, are discussed. The effects of the way in which nematodes are prepared for study in temporary water mounts and the killing, fixing and processing methods employed, as does the way in which the slide mount is made, on the morphometric characters of nematodes are also pointed out.
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Aubreville, Marc, Christof A. Bertram, Samir Jabari, Christian Marzahl, Robert Klopfleisch, and Andreas Maier. "Inter-Species, Inter-Tissue Domain Adaptation for Mitotic Figure Assessment." In Informatik aktuell, 1–7. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29267-6_1.

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Liu, Daniel. "Scaling from Weather to Climate." In Cultural Inquiry, 93–117. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-17_05.

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One of the theoretical tensions that has arisen from Anthropocene studies is what Dipesh Chakrabarty has called the ‘two figures of the human’, and the question of which of these two figures of the human inheres in the concept of the Anthropocene more. On the one hand, the Human is conceived as the universal reasoning subject upon whom political rights and equality are based, and on the other hand, humankind is the collection of all individuals of our species, with all of the inequalities, differences, and variability inherent in any species category. This chapter takes up Deborah Coen’s argument that Chakrabarty’s claim of the ‘incommensurability’ of these two figures of the human ignores the way both were constructed within debates over how to relate local geophysical specificities to theoretical generalities. This chapter examines two cases in the history of science. The first is Martin Rudwick’s historical exploration of how geologists slowly gained the ability to use fossils and highly local stratigraphic surveys to reconstruct the history of the Earth in deep time, rather than resort to speculative cosmological theory. The second is Coen’s own history of imperial, Austrian climate science, a case where early nineteenth-century assumptions about the capriciousness of the weather gave way to theories of climate informed by thermodynamics and large-scale data collection.
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"Comparing species." In Dinosaur Facts and Figures, 16–85. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.cdb2hnszb.8.

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"Comparing species." In Dinosaur Facts and Figures, 16–69. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvt7x71z.8.

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"Comparing species." In Dinosaur Facts and Figures, 16–85. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691190594-006.

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Gurd, Sean Alexander. "Figures." In Dissonance. Fordham University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823269655.003.0001.

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Sound entered the enclosure of culture in Greek song and acoustic theory between Homer and the death of Euripides by means of figures, channels and openings where the outside was brought within. “Figure” is defined here after Donna Harraway’s work on companion species. This chapter examines a series of figures in Homer, Hesiod, Alcaeus, Bacchylides, and Aristophanes.
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"Figure 7.16: a specimen Wigmore Chart." In Legal Method and Reasoning, 239. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843145103-184.

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"Figures." In Morphology of the Auditory and Vestibular Organs in Mammals, with Emphasis on Marine Species, 212. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162020.1-244.72.

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Conference papers on the topic "Specimen figured"

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Torimaru, Tadahiko, Masanari Sugiyama, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Shigeaki Tanaka, and Tomomi Nakamura. "Fracture Toughness Estimation for Small CT Specimen of Austenitic Stainless Steels Using Stretched Zone Width." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75233.

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Austenitic stainless steels in boiling water reactor (BWR) core structures can experience significant fracture toughness reductions at high fluence levels of neutron irradiation. To understand the fracture toughness reductions of irradiated austenitic stainless steels is very important for integrity estimation of core internals. Larger size specimen is needed to obtain the valid JIC of high fracture toughness material. However, it is generally difficult for irradiated material to prepare the enough big specimens for taking valid fracture toughness in ASTM E1820–06 since the material volume is restricted. Stretched zone which is generated between fatigue crack and dimple surface on the CT specimen fracture surface is said to have good linear relationship with JIC. New method for JIC estimation from small CT specimen using stretched zone width was investigated. Cold-worked SUS304 was used for investigation. 0.25–1.5TCT specimens with similar figure of standard dimensions and the CT specimens with different thickness from standard dimensions were prepared for JIC tests. The correlations of specimen width, thickness, critical stretched zone width, JQ and JIC were investigated. JQ obtained from J-R curve tended to decrease with specimen width in the case of similar figure. However, JQ tended to increase with thickness decrease in the case of CT specimen with different thickness from standard dimensions. On the other hand, critical stretched zone width showed the tendency to decrease with thickness decrease in the case of CT specimen with different thickness from standard dimensions. The equation for JIC estimation of invalid small CT specimens was designed by regression analysis using the above relationship. The prediction accuracy achieved within plus-minus 30%.
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Yang, Xiaoyu, Stéphane Marie, and Clémentine Jacquemoud. "Cleavage Crack Path Prediction in a PWR Vessel Steel." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28418.

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Cleavage crack propagation has been tested for three different geometries of Compact Tensile (CT) specimens: CT25, CT50 and extended CT25 (CT25 with CT50 width) (Figure 3). The experimental results show that the crack paths are straight for CT25 and CT50, but they are unstable and curved for extended CT specimens (Figure 5 to 7). Numerical computation had been performed by extended finite element method (XFEM) in CAST3M software. 2D modeling was used in order to predict the crack path. The analysis was based on a local non-linear dynamic approach with a RKR fracture stress criterion depending on temperature and strain rate. In order to simulate the curvature of the cracks path, a statistical effect was introduced in the model to take into account the spatial distribution of cleavage initiators, which is the characteristic of cleavage fracture. At each step of propagation during the modeling, the direction was randomly chosen, according to a uniform defects distribution. The numerical results show a good agreement with experience. The different crack paths were curved in extended CT25, but remained almost straight in CT25 and CT50 specimens, despite of the instability introduced in the modeling in the propagation direction. These results show that the statistics of micro-defects can induce, jointly with the geometry of specimen, a large scatter of crack propagation paths.
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Tandon, G. P., J. Kang, R. Y. Kim, and T. J. Whitney. "Monitoring of Impact Damage in Composites Using Wave Propagation Methods." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43567.

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Composite structures in an aircraft are susceptible to impact damage, which can occur during manufacture, service or maintenance. Recent studies show that impacts with ground support equipment are the major cause of in-service damage to composite structures in an aircraft. Other sources of impact include collision with birds, runway stones or ballistic impacts. These impacts can produce various types of damage, including fiber breakage, matrix cracking, delamination, and interfacial debonding. The results of such damage can have detrimental effects on the overall structural performance and safety. A comprehensive structural health monitoring (SHM) system provides a means to significantly reduce life-cycle costs of aerospace vehicles by providing accurate diagnostics and prognostics of structural damage to reduce unnecessary inspections and support vehicle life extension. The main objective of this paper is to develop a methodology to detect and identify the damage sources and their severity in composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact using wave propagation methods. When damage occurs in a material due to mechanical load or impact, an acoustic wave emits and propagates through the material. The material chosen for this work is a 12″ long and 12″ wide, +/− 60 degree braided composite. Two edges of the plate were fixed by clamping the plate between two steel bars and secured by bolts spaced 1″ apart, while the other two edges were free, as shown in Figure 1. In order to characterize the wave propagation and damage process, two resonant type AE sensors and four accelerometers were mounted on the specimen. The specimen was then tapped lightly with a hand-held acoustic impact hammer at several different chosen locations, and stress wave signals were monitored using a commercial dynamic signal process system which contains software capable of detecting impact source location. The impact force was kept to a minimum initially such that no damage occurred in the specimen. After this initial test, the specimens were subjected to low velocity impact using drop weight impact machine with 0.5 inch spherical indenter. The impact force was increased by a number of times until substantial damage observed while monitoring signals generated from the specimen. After each incremental impact, both acoustic hammer tapping test and nondestructive inspection such as ultrasonic C-scan and/or X-ray radiography were carried out to delineate the damage source and severity. Figure 2 is an example of C-Scan of the composite plate after a series of impacts with various drop heights. Recorded signals were analyzed to determine the origin of the source and its severity. The impact hammer produced both an extensional wave and a flexural wave in these composite plate specimens. Because of dispersive characteristics of the flexural wave, the first arrival time of the extensional wave was used for source location algorithm. Besides the source location, discussion will be given on parameters such as amplitude, energy, frequency, number of events related with impact force, and damage size in detail. As an example, Figure 3 is a plot of the measured damage size as a function of the dead-weight drop height for tests conducted on various panels. As expected, the size of the damage increases with amount of drop height (or impact energy). Thus, based on C-scan measurements, critical threshold impact height of approximately 5″ is identified for “any measurable” damage to occur. The corresponding magnitude of the impact energy is ∼ 108 in-lb. On the other hand, the critical threshold for any visual damage to be detected is approximately 502 in-lb for the laminate material investigated. In summary, a methodology has been developed for estimating the damage severity from the amplitude of the signal received. The approach entails constructing design curves relating the size of the damage to impact energy, and establishing relationships between impact energy and the magnitude of the signal. These relationships can then be used to predict the estimated size of the damage based on the amplitude of the arriving signal. A critical threshold impact energy has been identified below which “no measurable” damage occurs. Three regions of damage growth, namely, a decreasing rate with magnitude of impact energy. A constant damage growth rate characterizes the steady-state region, while damage size increases almost exponentially with impact energy in the tertiary region potentially leading to catastrophic failure.
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Marines-Garcia, Israel, Aaron Aguilar, Kristian Carreon, and Philippe Darcis. "CTOD Fracture Toughness Assessment Under Different Notch Type (Fatigue Pre-Cracking and EDM)." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95130.

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Abstract The standardization of any mechanical material characterization is aiming to get homogenization on the testing physical execution by independent laboratories and to drive for accurate material evaluation between different entities. However, from time to time, standard tests may be reconsidered in order to improve their efficacy, execution time and incorporate new testing techniques or technologies without compromising the testing results and consistency. In the present work, fracture toughness crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) testing is addressed and particularly the need to perform fatigue pre-cracking prior monotonic testing. Without the fatigue pre-cracking, CTOD testing time can be significantly reduced during the preparation of specimens, meaning that specimens can be tested as soon as they are machined. Wire electro-discharge machining (EDM) technique allows generating sharp tip notches, and presents a good alternative to the standards specified fatigue pre-cracking [1–2]. In addition, this machining technology reduces the risk of rejecting the specimen testing, particularly when targeting weld heat affected zone/fusion line (HAZ/FL) microstructure on specimens with surface notch DNV-ST-F101 Figure B-9 [3], where it is specified that the crack tip shall be within a narrow distance (0.5 mm) from the fusion line (FL) or assess grain coarsened heat affected zone (GCHAZ) microstructure as indicated in DNV-ST-F101 section B.2.8.7 [3]. Herein, it is presented an assessment carried out in order to identify the notch type effect over the fracture toughness (CTOD) considering notches conditions as standard fatigue pre-crack and wire electro-discharge machining (EDM). Fifteen (15) CTOD specimens were manufactured from plain pipe material (same pipe), 251.3 mm OD × 20.9 mm WT, SMLS 450PD and tested according to ISO 12135 recommendations [1], they were distributed as follow; five (5) specimens according to standard recommendations with fatigue pre-cracking length ≥ 1.3 mm or 2.5%W (whichever is bigger), five (5) specimens with a fatigue pre-cracking length < 1.3 mm (between 0.5 mm to 1 mm), and five (5) specimens without fatigue pre-cracking (EDM notch), additionally, results from five (5) specimens previously tested in a round robin (RR) testing performed internally by Tenaris using the same LP material and standard fatigue pre-crack length. The crack length target (a/W) was kept 0.5 for all cases. Even if the sampling population is relatively small considering the three notch conditions, it seems that EDM might be an alternative to the standard specified fatigue pre-cracking. Thus, this experimental assessment aims to open the discussion on the use of EDM notch as alternative.
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Ladani, Leila, and Daniel Preston. "In Vivo Mechanical Characterization of Micro-Specimens Using a Novel Micro-Electro-Mechanical System." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53338.

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Mechanical probing, stimulation and characterization of tissues are of the most challenging areas of engineering due to limitations of working with bio specimens. Understanding the bio-mechanics of tissues could potentially help to understand mechanical degradation of biological tissues due to disease or change in physiological condition of the body. Biomechanical processes at the microscopic level have become increasingly recognized as an important factor in different biological conditions. In many of these conditions analyzing biomechanics of tissues at microscale in vivo or in vitro will provide invaluable information on microenvironment and physiological parameters that affect the microenvironment and mechanical properties. To address the issue of measuring mechanical properties at microscale, an electroactive-based micro-electromechanical machine is designed. The device is comprised of two electroactive (piezoelectric) micro-elements mounted on a rigid frame. Electrical activation of one of the elements causes it to expand and induce a stress in the intervening micro-specimen. The response of the microspecimen to the stress is measured by the deformation and thereby voltage/resistance induced in the second electro-active element. Figure 1 shows the device design and architecture. Analytical analysis and multiphysics finite element analysis (FEA) are used to prove the concept. A summary of the results are shown in the next sections.
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Rong, Xi, Kenneth M. Pryse, Jordan A. Whisler, Yanfei Jiang, William B. McConnaughey, Artem Melnykov, Guy M. Genin, and Elliot L. Elson. "Confidence Intervals for Estimation of the Concentration and Brightness of Multiple Diffusing Species." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80921.

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Lipid nanodomains in cell membranes are believed to play a significant role in replication of enveloped viruses such as bird flu and HIV and signaling mechanisms underlying pathological conditions such as cancer. However, the forces that govern the formation and availability of these “membrane rafts” are uncertain, and even their existence is questioned. The central challenge is that no suitable imaging modalities exist (Elson, et al., 2010). We are developing tools to characterize and visualize dynamics of lipid nanodomains on idealized systems called giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) (Figure 1).
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Ohkubo, Toshifumi, Nobuyuki Terada, and Yoshikazu Yoshida. "Detection of Directivity of Fluorescence From a Mixed Specimen Which Consists of Micro Particles Attached Different Fluorescent Substances Using a Light Waveguide Incorporated Optical TAS." In ASME-JSME 2018 Joint International Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems and Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps-mipe2018-8503.

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A resin-based optical total analysis system (O-TAS) which consists both of microfluidic channels and light waveguides [1] is thought to be one of the most promising components in developing a “ubiquitous human healthcare system” in the near future. Along with this technology trend, we have already developed a transparent epoxy-resin-based optical TAS chip which has a specially prepared light waveguide structure of radially arranged configuration at an intersection portion with a microfluidic channel, in order to detect directivity of fluorescence from fluorescent substance attached micro particles [2],[3]. Schematic diagram of the optical TAS is shown in Figure 1. In the latest research, utilizing an AC modulated laser source and time-series averaging function on detected signal waveforms, we could have successfully obtained directivities of fluorescence from 5-μm-diameter particles with higher signal to noise (S/N) ratio [3].
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Zhang, Jingzhou, and Timothy Ovaert. "Simulation of Nano- and Micro-Indentation Behavior of Bone via a Plastic-Damage Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192795.

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Damage results in a loss of material continuity, which distinguishes it from other types of material degradation. The loss of continuity can have an adverse effect on mechanical properties, and may be manifested in the form of cracks and/or voids. Bone tissue, as a composite material, contains voids and other non-homogeneities that are naturally occurring and distinct from damage. However, when subjected to mechanical loading, such as indentation, further damage accumulation may occur. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a bovine cortical bone specimen after high-load conical indentation to a depth of 300 μm, resulting in a large permanently deformed region. Nanoindentation, using a Berkovich tip at 10 mN maximum load, was then performed at numerous locations within three defined damage “zones”. Zone 1 is adjacent to the bottom of the indent, defined at 25% of the maximum indent depth. Zones 2 and 3 extend further away, both scaled as a function of the indentation depth, d. Figure 2 shows the variation in Young’s modulus in the three damage zones, averaged over approximately 25 indents per zone. The data suggest that local changes in mechanical properties may occur as a result of compaction of voids or cracks. The purpose of this work, therefore, is to investigate the application of a plastic-damage model for simulation of bone nano- and micro-scale indentation behavior.
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Wee, Jung-Wook, and Byoung-Ho Choi. "Modeling of Crack Propagation Behavior of High Density Polyethylene by Using Crack Layer Theory: Parametric Study." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51266.

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Creep and fatigue slow crack propagation of engineering thermoplastics display continuous or discontinuous manner depending on the test condition. It could be simulated accurately by use of crack layer theory with theoretical backgrounds. But many input parameters complexify the use of CL theory. Thus the investigation on the effect of material parameters on the CL growth is necessary for the comprehensive understanding. In this paper, a parametric study of CL growth simulation of single edge notched tension specimen in creep condition was performed. Several material parameters were varied so that the effect of input parameters on the CL growth behavior could be understood. Total lifetime is used to figure out the effect of the parameters quantitatively. This study would be beneficial to understand the effect of material parameters on the slow crack growth behavior of high density polyethylene.
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Castillo, Eduardo E., and Theodorian Borca-Tasciuc. "Development of a Scanning Transient Harman Method for Thermoelectric Properties Characterization." In ASME 2008 3rd Energy Nanotechnology International Conference collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/enic2008-53038.

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Low-dimensional nanostructures and nano-composites may demonstrate a large enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT, therefore measurements of their thermoelectric properties are of high interest. Techniques able to screen the thermoelectric properties of a large number of samples and also to measure the spatial distribution of thermoelectric properties in a specimen are needed. This work explores a scanning transient technique for thermoelectric characterization of thin films based on the Harman method. A one dimensional theoretical model was used to investigate the appropriate experimental setup and the effect of a scanning electrode/thermal probe contacting the top surface of the specimen. Results indicate that for micrometer thick films of ZT∼1 small current values of the order of mA and electrical contact resistance below 1 Ω are necessary to minimize the Joule heating effects and to take advantage of the Peltier effect when employing the bipolar technique. A proof of concept experiment was performed on an n-type Bi2Te3 pellet used in a commercial thermoelectric device. The experiment lays out the strategy to extract the thermoelectric properties. Seebeck coefficient of −241 μV/K and thermal conductivity of 1.48 W/m.K were obtained from the transient Harman method when the data reduction model included energy losses through the wire. These results prelude the feasibility of the scanning technique on thin film samples.
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Reports on the topic "Specimen figured"

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Bolton, T. E. Catalogue of types and figured specimens of fossil plants in the Geological Survey of Canada collections, Volume II. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194039.

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Homan, H. Jeffrey, Ron J. Johnson, James R. Thiele, and George M. Linz. European Starlings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207737.ws.

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European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, Figure 1)are an invasive species in the United States. The first recorded release of the birds was in 1890 in New York City’s Central Park. Because starlings easily adapt to a variety of habitats, nest sites and food sources, the birds spread quickly across the country. Today, there are about 150 million starlings in North America. Conflicts between people and starlings occur mostly in agricultural settings. Starlings damage apples, blueberries, cherries, figs, grapes, peaches, and strawberries. Starlings gather at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) during late fall and winter. Starlings also cause human health problem, airplane hazards, and nuisance problems. European starlings are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).
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Drought Effects on Forests and Rangelands in the US Caribbean. USDA Caribbean Climate Hub, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.6960280.ch.

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Issues of water quality and scarcity are of great concern across the U.S. Caribbean. In recent years Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have experienced uncommonly dry weather that has caused moderate to severe droughts. In 2014-2015, severe drought in Puerto Rico required the implementation of water restrictions that affected millions of people. The summer of 2015 was the third driest period in Puerto Rico since 1898, forcing the strictest water rationing in its history. Emerging climate models for the region (Figure 1) predict an overall decrease in precipitation over the next century, but also to greater variance in seasonality and an increase in intense precipitation events. The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall can have profound effects on the hydrology as well as the phenology and life-cycle of trees, rangeland species, pests and pollinators. Changing rainfall patterns will mean major adjustments in how working lands are managed by producers and planners.
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