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Journal articles on the topic 'Specimen figured'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Modzalevskaya, T. L. "The lectotype of Collarothyris canaliculata (Wenjukow)." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 3 (May 1994): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000026044.

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The genus Collarothyris was erected by Modzalevskaya in 1970 (p. 155) with Meristella canaliculata Wenjukow, 1899, as type species. Wenjukow (1899) did not designate a type; however, on p. 143 he gave the measurements of two specimens, one of which was figured on Plate VII, figure 21, and designated holotype by Modzalevskaya (1970, p. 156). Unfortunately, this specimen is lost (see also Nikiforova, Modzalevskaya, and Bassett, 1985). Further checking of the collections of the Geological Museum of the Geological Institute of Science, Kiev (Ukrania), resulted in finding, among Wenjukow's (1899) original collection, one specimen (No. 367/165) labelled as Meristella canaliculata and whose measurements coincide with one of those given by Wenjukow (1899, p. 143). This specimen is here figured (Figure 1) and selected lectotype of Collarothyris canaliculata (Wenjukow).
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2

Orr, R. William, and Richard H. Fluegeman. "Notice of transfer of figured specimens of North American Devonian cyclocystoids." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 1 (January 1993): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021296.

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In 1990 (Fluegeman and Orr) the writers published a short study on known North American cyclocystoids. This enigmatic group is best represented in the United States Devonian by only two specimens, both illustrated in the 1990 report. Previously, the Cortland, New York, specimen initially described by Heaslip (1969) was housed at State University College at Cortland, New York, and the Logansport, Indiana, specimen was housed at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. Both institutions recognize the importance of permanently placing these rare specimens in a proper paleontologic repository with other cyclocystoids. Therefore, these two specimens have been transferred to the curated paleontologic collection at the University of Cincinnati Geological Museum where they can be readily studied by future workers in association with a good assemblage of Ordovician specimens of the Cyclocystoidea.
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3

Sakala, Jakub, Ildikó Selmeczi, and Lilla Hably. "Reappraisal of Greguss’ Fossil Wood Types and Figured Specimens from the Cenozoic of Hungary: Overview, Corrected Geology and Systematical Notes." Fossil Imprint 74, no. 1-2 (August 31, 2018): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0008.

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Prof. Pál Greguss (*1889, †1984) was a leading figure in European (palaeo)xylotomy. His collection of types and figured specimens from the Cenozoic of Hungary published in the two monographs (Fossil gymnosperm woods in Hungary from the Permian to the Pliocene and Tertiary angiosperm woods in Hungary), now stored in the Palaeobotanical Collection of the Botanical Department in the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest, is of great value. Many types were considered lost, but the present reappraisal, conducted by the first author during several visits to Budapest between 2009 and 2016, uncovered 18 types, 35 figured specimens and 1 additional specimen, 54 items in total. In the text, all specimens are briefly presented with their systematical attribution, information on their numbers, localities and their corrected geological age. The text is completed by two photo-plates and one summary table.
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4

Bell, Gorden L. "A pycnodont fish from the Upper Cretaceous of Alabama." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 5 (September 1986): 1120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000022642.

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An unusually complete large pycnodont fish from the Mooreville Chalk of Green County, Alabama, is figured and compared to several previously described specimens. Material from the specimen apparently places Grypodus Hay = Ancistrodon Roemer, Hadrodus Leidy, and Propenser Applegate into synonymy. The specimen is referred to Hadrodus hewletti (Applegate). A complete dentition is present and most of the thick, tuberculated ganoid scales that covered the body are preserved. Exact location of the dorsal fin has been determined and many of the fragile gill rakers are represented.
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5

Ng, Peter K. L. "On the identities of Pinnotheres villosissimus Doflein, 1904, P. dofleini Lenz, in Lenz & Strunck, 1914, and P. pilumnoides Nobili, 1906 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) from the western Indian Ocean." Crustaceana 91, no. 5 (2018): 611–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003785.

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Abstract Doflein (1904) accidentally transposed the figures for the third maxillipeds of two species of pinnotherid crabs he described, a mistake which has taxonomic consequences. The species he described, Pinnotheres villosissimus Doflein, 1904, from Sumatra, is here referred to its own genus, Trichobezoares n. gen. The specimen Doflein identified as “Pinnotheres sp.” from South Africa was referred to a new species, Pinnotheres dofleini by Lenz (in Lenz & Strunck, 1914) partly based on Doflein’s (1904) incorrect figure of the third maxilliped. To stabilize the taxonomy of this species, Doflein’s specimen is selected as the lectotype; fixing the species as a member of Afropinnotheres Manning, 1993. Pinnotheres pilumnoides Nobili, 1906 (Djibouti) was differentiated from the taxon T. villosissimus partially on differences in the third maxilliped. It is redescribed, figured and shown to be a second species of Trichobezoares. The correct authorship for the species established in Lenz & Strunck (1914) is also discussed.
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6

JOUAULT, CORENTIN, and ANDRÉ NEL. "A new species of Prosyntexis Sharkey, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Sepulcidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil confirmed by geometric morphometric analysis." Palaeoentomology 4, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.2.6.

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Examination of new fossil specimens of Prosyntexis from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil reveled a new species namely Prosyntexis sennlaubi sp. nov. To ensure the validity of the new taxon we examined previously described and figured specimens but we also figured an additional specimen of Prosyntexis gouleti Sharkey, 1990. The new species can be differentiated from the other Prosyntexis species of the Crato formation by its larger size but also in having the cell 2R1 small, the cell 2M small and short, the cell 3R1 narrow and the vein a directed toward wing apex. We performed a Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMA) to estimate the variation in the forewing venation of the two species from the Crato Formation and ensure our placement.
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7

Li, Cheng-Sen, F. M. Hueber, and C. L. Hotton. "A neotype for Drepanophycus spinaeformis Göppert 1852." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-062.

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The species Drepanophycus spinaeformis Göppert 1852 was described as a fossil plant closely allied with the fucoid algae. Many years later the type, a single figured specimen, was lost along with its associated collection. Subsequent studies described and assigned additional fossils to the species and redefined it as a land plant, a lycopsid. Through all of the descriptions and assignments of specimens to the species, no single specimen was designated as the type to bear the name in the absence of a holotype. The purpose of this paper is to designate a specimen as the neotype, the bearer of the name, and to emend the taxonomic description of the species.Key words: Drepanophycus, neotype, lycopsid, cauline sporangia, Lower Devonian, Canada.
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8

BOGAN, SERGIO, FEDERICO AGNOLIN, and MARTÍN D. EZCURRA. "Review of the enigmatic ‘shark’, Platyacrodus unicus Ameghino, 1935, from the Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina: a history of palaeontologists, sharks and crabs." Zootaxa 4646, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.5.

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Platyacrodus unicus Ameghino, 1935, was described as an enigmatic shark probably related to the clade Heterodontidae. This species was described based on a single, small crushing tooth-like element coming from the “Salamancan” (Danian) of the Western Río Chico locality, Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina. The holotype and only known specimen was never figured and only briefly characterized by its original describer Florentino Ameghino. The finding of the original figures and holotype specimen allows for a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of this species. Here, Platyacrodus unicus is reinterpreted as the carapace of a small retroplumid crab of the genus Costacopluma Collins & Morris, 1975.
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9

Wagner, Robert H., and Carmen Álvarez-Vázquez. "A reappraisal of Pecopteris miltonii (Artis) Brongniart, a mid-Westphalian (Early–Mid Pennsylvanian) fern." Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 61, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/pygs2015-368.

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Pecopteris miltonii, a middle Westphalian fern originally described from Yorkshire, England, is redescribed and figured here from roof shales of the Barnsley Seam, the level from which it was first recorded. This material is regarded as complementary to the holotype, a fertile specimen showing limited morphological variation and almost lacking venation. Pinna shape of the holotype, including terminals, and the shape and dimensions of pinnules, match that of the material in hand. An analysis of the literature shows that only a limited number of specimens recorded with the miltonii epithet may be regarded as properly assigned. This includes a magnificent specimen figured from Lower Silesia by Stur. Although the species is apparently rare, it is fairly widespread, from North America to central Europe (Bohemia, Lower Silesia). The taxonomic position of Pecopteris miltonii is discussed with reference to the genera Lobatopteris and Crenulopteris, and its synonymy with Pecopteris aspidioides is proposed. A full analysis of Pecopteris miltonii and its synonymy serves to delimit this classical species, which has been often misidentified.
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10

Lindemann, Franz-Josef. "Note on the ichthyosaurian Cymbospondylus." Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 5 (September 1998): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600002727x.

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In 1992 Sander described in this journal a find of the ichthyosaurian genus Cymbospondylus from the Middle Triassic of Spitsbergen. At the time of publication, the specimen illustrated in figures 2-4 (Sander, 1992) and five associated elements (not figured) were housed at the Paleontological Institute and Museum of the University of Zürich (PIMUZ A/III 496 and PIMUZ A/III 647-651). These specimens were later donated by their collector and owner Professor Hans-Joachim Schweitzer (Bonn) to the Paleontological Museum of the University of Oslo (PMO), where they are now stored under the following numbers: PMO 162.003 (=PIMUZ A/III 496, figs. 2-4 in Sander, 1992)PMO 162.004 (=PIMUZ A/III 647)PMO 162.005 (=PIMUZ A/III 648)PMO 162.006 (=PIMUZ A/III 649)PMO 162.007 (=PIMUZ A/III 650)PMO 162.008 (=PIMUZ A/III 651)
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11

LI, ZHU, and LI CHEN. "Primary types of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Vesperidae and Disteniidae) of Southwest University (SWU)." Zootaxa 4718, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.2.

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The primary types of longhorned beetles of Southwest University (SWU) are catalogued and figured. The original combination, current name, type locality, date and collector of type specimen are verified and presented. There are 69 holotypes and 86 paratypes in SWU. These 155 type specimens belong to three families, 51 genera, 71 species, of which 8 are in Disteniidae, 3 in Vesperidae, 3 in Prioninae, 12 in Lepturinae, 15 in Cerambycinae, and 30 in Lamiinae. A new synonym is proposed: Paraleprodera insidiosa (Gahan, 1888) = Paraleprodera bimaculata Wang & Chiang, 2000 syn. nov.
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12

Willassen, Endre. "The identity of Syndiamesa alpina Goetghebuer, 1941 (Diptera: Chironomidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 18, no. 1 (1987): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631287x00052.

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AbstractThe type material of Syndiamesa alpina Goetghebuer has been examined and found to comprise a mixed series of Diamesa spp. The specimen originally figured by Goetghebuer is designated as lectotype and the species is considered as synonymous with Diamesa vaillanti Serra-Tosio. Because Diamesa alpina (Goetghebuer) is a junior homonym of D. alpina Tokunaga, the name D. vaillanti should be applied for the species. The remaining specimens of the syntype series include D. zernyi Edwards, D. incallida (Walker), and a previously undescribed female possibly belonging to D. nowickiana Kownacki & Kownacka.
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13

GOLDSTEIN, PAUL Z. "Review of the enigmatic genus Boalda with transfer of pulcherrima Köhler from Nephelistis and description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Zootaxa 4276, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4276.1.10.

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Schaus (1929: 49) described Boalda gyona in a monobasic genus known only from the holotype taken in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Biezanko et al. (1957) reported the species from Uruguay. A number of specimens of Boalda similar to gyona were collected recently in Paraguay, at least two of which match the anomalous Argentinian taxon Nephelistis pulcherrima Köhler (1947: 77–78). Herein the genus Boalda is reviewed, with one new species described from the Paraguayan samples, and with N. pulcherrima transferred Boalda. A singleton specimen from Parque Nacional Cerro Corá, Dpto. Amambay, Paraguay, is figured but not described as a distinct species because of a lack of additional specimens.
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14

METZ, MARK A., SHAUN L. WINTERTON, and MICHAEL E. IRWIN. "Notes on the functional morphology of terminalia from Prorates ballmeri Nagatomi and Liu (Diptera: Scenopinidae: Proratinae) collected while in copula, with a description of the previously unknown female." Zootaxa 76, no. 1 (October 3, 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.76.1.1.

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A male and female specimen of Prorates ballmeri Nagatomi and Liu were collected while in copula. The specimens were dissected to find that the elongate distiphallus of the male had been inserted within the spermathecal ducts of the female. The association of the male and female genitalia for this species is figured and discussed in relation to associated taxa with similar genitalic features. The species was originally described from three male specimens, which did not allow for comprehensive study of the variation in many characters. The male is redescribed based on many newly collected specimens to include additional characters and the species variation and the previously unknown female is described. Additional notes on the taxonomy of the genus Prorates are included.
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15

BRESSEEL, JOACHIM. "First record of the genus Loxopsis from the Philippines with the discovery of two new species (Phasmida, Diapheromeridae, Necrosciinae)." Zootaxa 3326, no. 1 (May 28, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3326.1.3.

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The genus Loxopsis Westwood, 1859 is reported from the Philippines for the first time. Two new species on the island of Mind-anao are described and figured from both sexes: Loxopsis sarmientoi n. sp. from Mt. Parker and Loxopsis tboli n. sp. from LakeSebu. The specimen identified as Loxopsis tuberculata Redtenbacher, 1908 by Klante (1975) represents a different, unde-scribed species which belongs in Paraloxopsis Günther, 1932. The concerned specimen is briefly described and illustrated. A key to the species of Loxopsis Westwood, 1859 is presented
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16

Wei, Wuchang. "Clarification of an index nannofossil species for the Paleocene/Eocene boundary." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 3 (May 1996): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038464.

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The first occurrence of Discoaster diastypus Bramlette and Sullivan is a marker for the CP8/CP9 zonal boundary in the widely used nannofossil zonation of Okada and Bukry (1980). This zonal boundary has commonly been used to approximate the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (e.g., Berggren et al., 1985; Perch-Nielsen, 1985). In spite of the frequent use and importance of D. diastypus in biostratigraphy, there has been some confusion about this species in the literature, including some of the most used references. For instance, Bramlette and Sullivan (1961), who first described the species, incorrectly defined D. diastypus in terms of its ray number and size (see Figure 1), and included a specimen of Discoaster falcatus Bramlette and Sullivan as an isotype of D. diastypus (Bramlette and Sullivan, 1961, pi. 11, fig. 6). Perch-Nielsen (1971, pi. 51, figs. 8 and 10) figured a specimen of Discoaster barbadiensis Tan and another specimen of Discoaster bifax Bukry as D. diastypus. These mistakes apparently have gone unnoticed and were adopted by Romein (1979, p. 168) and incorporated in the Handbook of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannoplankton (Aubry, 1984, p. 46, fig. 111; p. 48, figs. 114 and 115).
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17

Koppula, Shivani, Aakula Rajkumar, Siram Hari Krishna, Reddi Sai Prudhvi, S. Aparna, and Ram Subbiah. "Improving the Mechanical Properties of AISI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel by Cryogenic Treatment Process." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401019.

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The Duplex stainless steel AISI 2205 is well known for its corrosion resistance, applicable to high pitting and stress resistance. Cryogenic treatment is chosen to boost the mechanical properties of AISI 2205 Stainless Steel. The specimens undergo cryogenic treatment, one of them being treated to the saturated limit. For comparison purpose, one specimen is kept as untreated. Wear test will be conducted at a constant speed and variable load by a pin on disc wear testing apparatus. Wear test is completed to assess the capability of utilizing a specific surface building innovation to diminish wear for a particular application and to research the impact of treatment conditions on the wear execution, so upgraded surface treatment conditions can be figured it out. Eventually, all specimens were undergone with Scanning Electron Microscope analysis.
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18

CHEN, XIN-YU, and GUI-FEN SU. "Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., a Fossil Winged Zoraptera (Insect) in Burmese Amber." Zootaxa 4571, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.2.6.

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A new species of the insect order Zoraptera, Zorotypus hukawngi sp. n., is described and figured based on one not well-preserved specimen in mid-Cretaceous amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. Compared to known extinct zorapterans, the new species is readily distinguished by characters of the mesonotum, wings, and the spination of the metafemur and metatibia.
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19

Pickerill, Ron K. "Repository of Trentonia shegiriana Pickerill and Forbes, 1978 (Annelida, Polychaeta)." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 6 (November 1990): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019867.

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The holotype of the errant polychaete annelid Trentonia shegiriana Pickerill and Forbes, 1978 from the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group of the Quebec City area, Quebec, Canada (see Pickerill and Forbes, 1978, fig. 1, p. 660), and subsequently figured in Boardman et al. (1987, fig. 12.4, p. 199), has now been reposited in the Division of Natural Sciences, New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, New Brunswick, with the catalog number NBMG 6501. Although the Trenton Group in this area has yielded additional annelids of uncertain affinity (Conway Morris et al., 1982), the holotype of T. shegiriana still represents the only known specimen despite a further decade of investigation. At the time of publication, a repository for the specimen was unavailable, but Dr. R. Miller, Curator for Paleontological Collections, has now arranged to receive the specimen.
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20

Vidal, Gonzalo. "The late Proterozoic acritarch Chuaria circularis (Walcott) Vidal and Ford." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 3 (May 1990): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018825.

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Vidal and Ford (1985) described a rich, well-preserved acritarch biota from the late Proterozoic Chuar Group in northern Arizona. The biota includes Chuaria circularis (Walcott) Vidal and Ford, whose diagnosis was emended. A SEM micrograph of a specimen supposedly deriving from the Kwagunt Formation of the Chuar Group was included (Vidal and Ford, 1985, p. 357). However, the figured specimen derives from the Late Proterozoic Eleonore Bay Group in east Greenland (Vidal, 1979, Pl. 4, a, b) and was erroneously included as a consequence of an inadvertent replacement of films during the preparation of paper prints for publication. The author of this note alone bears responsibility for this regrettable mistake.
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21

Vincent, Peggy. "Re-description of a basal Plesiosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of England." Journal of Paleontology 86, no. 1 (January 2012): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11-069.1.

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The specimen NHMUK 39514 comprises the cranial remains of a plesiosaur found on the Dorset coast during the middle of the ninetieth century. It was partially described and figured by Owen and variously attributed toPlesiosaurus rostratus(Owen) and toPlesiosaurus conybeari(Sollas). NHMUK 39514 is a partial braincase and mandible. It differs from all other Early Jurassic plesiosaurs known including the two species to which it was originally referred. The mandible presents several pliosauromorph characters but the specimen is identified as Plesiosauria indet. because it has several plesiomorphic characters in its braincase anatomy. This assignment will prevent the introduction of a possible chimera in future phylogenetical analyses and paleobiogeographic reconstructions.
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22

Engel, Michael S., and S. Bruce Archibald. "An Early Eocene bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Quilchena, British Columbia." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 1 (February 2003): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-030.

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AbstractA fossil halictine bee from Early Eocene, Okanagan Highlands deposits of Quilchena, British Columbia, Canada, is described and figured. Halictus? savenyeisp.nov. is distinguished from other Tertiary halictines as well as modern bees. The specimen is the second oldest body fossil of a bee yet discovered and the first fossil bee from Canada. The antiquity of Halictidae and of bees in general is briefly commented upon.
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23

MAIDMENT, SUSANNAH C. R., and GUANGBIAO WEI. "A review of the Late Jurassic stegosaurs (Dinosauria, Stegosauria) from the People's Republic of China." Geological Magazine 143, no. 5 (July 31, 2006): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756806002500.

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Seven genera of stegosaurian dinosaur have been named on the basis of material from the Upper Jurassic of China, and this represents a diversity of stegosaurs unparalleled around the world at this time. However, many of the original specimens used to diagnose and describe these species are currently unavailable, and the original descriptions and figures are often inadequate. The Chinese stegosaurs have proven ‘unstable’ in the few cladistic analyses of Stegosauria that have been carried out, causing a loss of resolution in cladograms. Supplementary data on previously described specimens are presented here along with a taxonomic revision. Only Tuojiangosaurus multispinus, Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis and Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis are considered to be valid taxa, with autapomorphies pertaining to features of the ilio-sacral blocks and dermal armour in all cases. The holotype specimen of ‘Chialingosaurus kuani’ is a juvenile, bearing no diagnostic characters, and ‘Monkonosaurus lawulacus’ is based on fragmentary and undiagnostic material. ‘Changtusaurus’ and ‘Yingshanosaurus’ have never been described or figured and their whereabouts are unknown, so they are regarded as nomina nuda. This taxonomic revision significantly reduces known stegosaurian diversity worldwide, and shows that the Chinese diversity was similar to that of Europe and North America in the Upper Jurassic. Previously, it had been suggested that the diversity of Chinese stegosaurs indicated an Asian origin for the clade, a claim that cannot now be upheld.
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24

MURDY, EDWARD O., and JOHN E. RANDALL. "Taenioides kentalleni, a new species of eel goby from Saudi Arabia (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae)." Zootaxa 93, no. 1 (November 5, 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.93.1.1.

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A new species of eel goby, Taenioides kentalleni, is described on the basis of a single specimen from Ras Az Zawr, Jubail, Saudi Arabia. It differs from other species of Taenioides by the following combination of characters: 35 caudal vertebrae; 72 dorsal-fin elements, 65 anal-fin elements, median fins edged in black and the caudal fin almost entirely black. This species is figured and compared with other nominal species of Taenioides.
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25

ROBINSON, JEFFREY H. "A review of all Recent species in the genus Novocrania (Craniata, Brachiopoda)." Zootaxa 4329, no. 6 (October 10, 2017): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4329.6.1.

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The Recent species in the craniid genus Novocrania are reviewed, based on the examination of actual specimens wherever possible, especially for species named from one or a few specimens. The fourteen Recent species currently in the literature are reduced to eight; five species names are synonymized. One species name was given to a specimen that is not a craniid. The wide morphological ranges of the remaining Novocrania species are described and figured and the extended geographical ranges illustrated. Diagnoses of the remaining species are provided. The long-standing debate whether Novocrania anomala and N. turbinata are separate species or synonyms is resolved; they are separate species. New molecular analyses and a relative time-tree are provided by Cohen et al. (Appendix 1), the time-tree is calibrated herein and the results of Cohen et al. (2014; Appendix 1) and the time tree are discussed. The likelihood of craniid long-distance migration based on their geographical ranges is discussed.
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26

Cione, Alberto L., and Aldo E. Torno. "Assignment of the bony fish “Propygidium primaevus” (a supposed siluriform from the Tertiary of Patagonia) to the order Perciformes." Journal of Paleontology 62, no. 4 (July 1988): 656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018898.

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Bocchino (1964) described and figured a new genus and species, Propygidium primaevus, and assigned it to the siluriform family Trichomycteridae (=Pygidiidae). After examination of the holotype, the only referred specimen, the authors conclude that it does not correspond to a catfish, but to an acanthopterygian. Since it was considered the only fossil record of trichomycteridae, and having been used to support speculations on the “center of origin” of this Neotropical family (see Ringuelet, 1975), it is appropriate to correct the former assignment.
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27

HOCH, HANNELORE. "On the identity of the type species of the planthopper genus Oliarus Stal, 1862, Oliarus walkeri (Stal, 1859) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)." Zootaxa 1056, no. 1 (September 30, 2005): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1056.1.4.

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Type-material of Oliarus walkeri (Stål, 1859) was re-examined. A supplementary description is given. For the first time, the only male specimen contained in the type series is figured. Published information on the geographic distribution of O. walkeri based on misidentification is corrected: O. walkeri is confirmed to occur on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula (Melaka) and on Borneo (Sarawak). The morphology of the male copulatory organ, the aedeagus, is interpreted, and characters hypothesized here as apomorphic are pointed out.
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28

Itano, Wayne M., Karen J. Houck, and Martin G. Lockley. "Ctenacanthus and other chondrichthyan spines and denticles from the Minturn Formation (Pennsylvanian) of Colorado." Journal of Paleontology 77, no. 3 (May 2003): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002233600004422x.

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Chondrichthyan spines and dermal denticles are reported from the Middle Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Eagle County, Colorado. The most common element is a dorsal finspine referred to Ctenacanthus buttersi St. John and Worthen, 1883. Some of the specimens are more complete distally than the holotype and only previously figured specimen of C. buttersi. Less common remains include a dorsal finspine referred to Acondylacanthus nuperus St. John and Worthen, 1883, a smooth-ribbed dorsal finspine close to “Ctenacanthus” furicarinatus Newberry, 1875, a spine fragment probably referrable to Physonemus sp., and two large-noded dorsal finspines probably referrable to two different species of Bythiacanthus. Dermal denticles are referred to Petrodus patelliformis M'Coy, 1848. Ctenacanthus buttersi finspines and some large cladodont teeth, referred to “Symmorium” occidentalis (Leidy), 1859, may belong to the same species. This conjecture is based mainly on the relative abundances of chondrichthyan teeth found at the same locality.
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29

MURDY, EDWARD O., and CARL J. FERRARIS, JR. "Gymnoamblyopus novaeguineae, a new genus and species of worm goby from Papua New Guinea (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae)." Zootaxa 150, no. 1 (February 27, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.150.1.1.

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A new genus and species of worm goby, Gymnoamblyopus novaeguineae, is described on the basis of a single specimen from the Fly River, Papua New Guinea. It differs from all other amblyopine gobies by the following combination of characters: only one anal-fin pterygiophore anterior to first hemal spine; no Y-shaped second anal-fin pterygiophore; no chin barbels; no scales; no raised dermal folds or ridges; pleural ribs short and posteriorly directed; and mouth vertical. This new taxon is figured and a key to the “Taenioides” group of the Amblyopinae is provided.
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30

VILLALOBOS-HIRIART, JOSÉ LUIS, SEYIT A. KAMANLI, FERNANDO ÁLVAREZ, AMIN GARBOUT, and PAUL F. CLARK. "Lobithelphusa mexicana Rodriguez, 1982 (Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae): a reassessment of key characters and systematics." Zootaxa 4586, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.8.

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Lobithelphusa Rodriguez, 1982 is endemic to southern Mexico. Assigned to this monotypic genus is the freshwater pseudothelphusid crab, L. mexicana Rodriguez, 1982. The original description based on an old, dry, male specimen in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London, is brief and the crab was only partially figured. Lobithelphusa mexicana has subsequently never been recorded from Mexico and, consequently, the conservation status of this species is unknown. The type specimen has a complete, but detached left chela; is devoid of the left ambulatory pereiopods 1–3, with the fourth missing the carpus, propodus and dactylus; and its left first gonopod detached but retained in a glass tube kept adjacent to the crab. In spite of this damage the crab is still in remarkably good condition for a specimen registered in 1860. The purpose of this study is to apply computed tomography (CT) scanning techniques on the extant type, including its first gonopod, in order to provide detailed illustrations of the crab. These, in turn, shall be used to re-describe the species in order to help establish the current distribution status of L. mexicana in Mexico, and clarify its systematic position within the Pseudothelphusidae Ortmann, 1893.
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31

NG, PETER K. L., and DWI LISTYO RAHAYU. "A synopsis of Typhlocarcinops Rathbun, 1909 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae), with descriptions of nine new species from the Indo-West Pacific." Zootaxa 4788, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 1–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4788.1.1.

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The taxonomy of the Indo-West Pacific rhizopine genus Typhlocarcinops Rathbun, 1909 (Pilumnidae) is revised and 22 species are recognised. The identification of these small, soft sediment-dwelling crabs has been difficult because many of the types have never been figured and described to modern standards. The identity of the type species, T. canaliculatus Rathbun, 1909, is clarified and T. gallardoi Serène, 1964, is shown to be its junior synonym. Similarly, T. genkaiae Takeda & Miyake, 1972, and T. takedai Ng, 1987, are synonymised with T. decrescens Rathbun, 1914, and T. marginatus Rathbun, 1914, respectively. Nine new species are described: T. robustus, T. hamus, T. raouli, T. atimovatae, T. hadrotes, T. hirtus, T. diminutus, T. kanashi and T. lapillus. The various species are defined by a suite of carapace, cheliped, third maxilliped, male pleonal and male first gonopod characters. The type and only known specimen of the poorly known rhizopine Paraselwynia ursina Tesch, 1918, which is superficially similar to Typhlocarcinops, is figured and compared. A key to all known species of Typhlocarcinops is provided.
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32

Makranczy, György, Shûhei Yamamoto, and Michael S. Engel. "Description of a Cretaceous amber fossil putatively of the tribe Coprophilini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae)." ZooKeys 782 (August 17, 2018): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.782.27733.

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An unusual and well-preserved fossil staphylinid is described and figured from a single specimen in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. Gollandiaplanatagen. et sp. n. is tentatively placed in the extant oxyteline tribe Coprophilini, although it lacks a few characteristic features of present-day members of the group, likely indicating it to be either a stem group of the tribe or prove to be distinct pending future discoveries. The discovery of this genus suggests that early oxytelines were more morphologically diverse during the Cretaceous and their evolutionary history was more complicated than previously documented. Tribal placement as regards fossil oxyteline taxa is discussed.
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33

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, Alfred F. Newton, Carmen Soriano, and Michael S. Engel. "Remarkable stasis in a phloeocharine rove beetle from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 2 (March 2013): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-114.1.

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The first definitive fossil species of the rove beetle (Staphylinidae) subfamily Phloeocharinae is described and figured from a single individual preserved in Late Cretaceous (Turonian) amber from New Jersey. The species is representative of the extant genus Phloeocharis Mannerheim and is described as Phloeocharis agerata Chatzimanolis, Newton, and Engel, new species. The specimen was imaged using traditional light microscopy as well as synchrotron propagation phase contrast microtomography, permitting a detailed examination of otherwise difficult to observe features. Examination revealed remarkable homogeneity across many characters with those of extant relatives, highlighting considerable morphological stasis in the genus over the last 90 million years.
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34

Squires, Richard L., and Raymond Graham. "Additions and refinements to Sycodes glabra (Shumard, 1858), a poorly known Late Cretaceous (Campanian) marine gastropod from the northeast Pacific: taxonomic and biostratigraphic implications." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 8 (August 2014): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0027.

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The Late Cretaceous marine gastropod Sycodes glabra (Shumard, 1858) from the northeast Pacific has been poorly known because the type, which was never figured, was lost in a fire in 1892, and the type locality was very poorly located. A neotype is selected from specimens collected by the early Canadians, geologist J. Richardson and eminent British Columbian naturalist Dr. C.F. Newcombe. Newly discovered material, as well as museum specimens, provide fundamental geologic and paleontologic information. The number of available specimens is 19, and nearly all are from submarine-fan deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group exposed along the southeastern-coastal region of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and on Big Sucia Island, northwestern Washington State, with nearly half of the specimens from the latter locale. A single specimen is from northern California. This present study better establishes the type locality for S. glabra and documents this name as the senior subjective synonym of ?Ficus cypraeoides Gabb, 1864. The geologic range of S. glabra is early Campanian (Submortoniceras chicoense ammonite Zone) to early late Campanian (Metaplacenticeras cf. pacificum ammonite Zone). Sycodes seems to be a monotypic genus, but Pyrula (Protopirula) capensis Rennie, 1930, from mid-Santonian to lower Campanian strata in South Africa, might be congeneric. Sycodes is questionably assigned herein to the family Ficidae Meek, 1864, and could be the earliest known ficid.
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35

Taylor, Paul D., and John C. W. Cope. "A trepostome bryozoan from the Lower Arenig of south Wales: implications of the oldest described bryozoan." Geological Magazine 124, no. 4 (July 1987): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800016691.

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AbstractA specimen of the trepostome bryozoan Orbipora from the Lower Arenig of south Wales is described and figured. This is currently the oldest unequivocal bryozoan recorded in the literature. Although mostly decalcified, the colony preserves clear remnants of the large styles which characteristically indent the zooecial apertures in Orbipora. The wide palaeogeographical distribution of Orbipora in the early Ordovician is consistent with the hypothesized planktotrophic larval phase. Theoretical considerations and evidence from the occurrence of Orbipora in south Wales suggest that nearshore clastic environments would be fruitful settings in which to search for further early bryozoans, although quality of preservation may be poorer than in offshore carbonates.
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36

SCHMIED, HEIKO, TORSTEN WAPPLER, and JIŘÍ KOLIBÁČ. "A new bark-gnawing beetle (Coleoptera, Trogossitidae) from the middle Eocene of Europe, with a checklist of fossil Trogossitidae." Zootaxa 1993, no. 1 (February 2, 2009): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1993.1.2.

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A new fossil bark-gnawing beetle, Ancyrona eocenica Schmied, Wappler, Kolibáč, new species (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Trogossitidae), is described and figured from a specimen preserved in Eocene limnic sediments of the Eckfeld Maar, Germany. Ancyrona eocenica sp. nov. (Peltinae: Ancyronini) is the first trogossitid described from the Eckfeld Maar as well as the first fossil ever of this genus. The species is distinguished from recent congeners which are distributed in Ethiopian and Oriental regions by the following: minute body (2.6 mm), anterior margin of pronotum weakly concave, body broadly oval. A taxonomic catalogue of previously described fossil bark-gnawing beetles has been complied and is given here.
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37

Godfrey, Stephen J., Aaron Alford, Alberto Collareta, and Robert E. Weems. "A Paleocene vertebrate-bitten crocodilian coprolite from Liverpool Point, Maryland, U.S.A." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 296, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0904.

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Although still exceedingly rare, the number of known vertebrate-bitten coprolites continues to increase. A vertebrate-bitten coprolite is herein reported from the Piscataway Member of the upper Paleocene Aquia Formation at Liverpool Point, Maryland, U.S.A.The specimen is described, figured, and chemically characterized by means of non-destructive hand-held energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (HH-XRF). Four roughly parallel and evenly spaced gouges disrupt the surface of this compound ichnofossil. Many more much smaller markings, interpreted as feeding traces by smaller organisms (invertebrates or small actinopterygian fishes?), also ornament its surface. Whereas the studied coprolite can be identified most likely as the fossilized feces of a crocodilian, the identity of the vertebrate(s) that bit it remains unknown.
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38

Coleman, D., and R. Blackburn. "Eighteenth-century West African insects in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney." Archives of Natural History 44, no. 2 (October 2017): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2017.0455.

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Henry Smeathman (1742–1786), best known for his essay on the west African termites, travelled to Sierra Leone in 1771 to collect naturalia for a group of wealthy sponsors. One of these sponsors, Dru Drury (1724–1803), was keen on African insects. Drury later described and illustrated many of these in the third volume of his Illustrations of natural history (1782). Two years after Drury died, his collection was auctioned in London. A key purchaser at this sale was Alexander Macleay (1767–1848), later appointed Colonial Secretary to New South Wales. His insects travelled with him to Sydney and are now in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. A number of these insects, collected by Smeathman and despatched from Sierra Leone, appear to be extant in the Macleay Museum. Chief of our discoveries is the type specimen for Goliathus drurii originally figured by Drury in Illustrations of natural history, volume 3, plate XL (1782). By matching other extant insects to the text and illustrations in the same volume we believe we have found type specimens for Scarabaeus torquata Drury, 1782 , and Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782 .
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39

TELNOV, DMITRY, and CARSTEN ZORN. "Addendum to Zootaxa 4683 (4): Popillia biguttata (Wiedemann in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) established on New Guinea? With an illustrated key to Sundaland Popillia Dejean species." Zootaxa 4868, no. 3 (October 28, 2020): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4868.3.9.

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In our recent publication (Telnov & Zorn 2019) we overlooked and did not include Popillia migliaccioi Sabatinelli, 1996, described from “Java”, in our checklist and key of Sundaland Popillia species. However, the examination of the holotype of this species deposited in the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (Figs. 1–8) revealed that Popillia migliaccioi is in fact an Afrotropical species, which was already described under the name Popillia maynei Ohaus, 1914. It is obvious that the specimen studied and described by Sabatinelli (1996) is mislabelled and is not from Java (Fig. 8). Unfortunately, the type material of P. maynei, which is housed in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, is on loan indefinitely and was not available for our study (Bernd Jäger, personal communication). However, the original description of P. maynei and the aedeagus as originally figured by Ohaus (1914) (Fig. 9) match habitus and aedeagus of the P. migliaccioi holotype perfectly (Figs. 4–6). Habitus photographs of an additional comparative specimen from Togo (Kloto, III.2015, Don P. Léonard, deposited in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium) are provided for comparison in figs. 10 and 11.
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40

Perissinotto, Renzo, Lynette Clennell, and Gerhard Beinhundner. "Lophorrhinides muellerae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae): a new genus and species from southern Tanzania." ZooKeys 833 (March 26, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.833.31502.

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A male cetoniine specimen recently submitted for identification from the Ditsong Museum of Natural History (Pretoria, South Africa) has been found to represent a yet unknown species. A review of the recently published book of Beinhundner (2017) has further revealed that one of the specimens mistakenly figured as Lophorrhinadonckieri Bourgoin, 1913 in that work is most likely the female of this new species. Analysis of the diagnostic characters of the genus Lophorrhina Westwood, 1842 shows that the new species differs in several key areas. In particular, the clypeal armature is virtually identical in both sexes, the male protibiae are not typically elongate and narrow as in all the members of Lophorrhina, but are remarkably more robust, laterally expanded and with a tridentate margin in both sexes, even though the third tooth in the female and the second and third teeth in the male are virtually obsolete. The general body shape in the new species is also more globose and lacks the typical deplanate and apically tapering elytra of the Lophorrhina males. These and other characters are, in our view, sufficient to justify the erection of a new genus, Lophorrhinidesgen. n., to accommodate the new species, here described as L.muelleraesp. n. The new genus is presumably a mountain specialist, as both known specimens were collected in the southern highlands of Tanzania, at Manow and Rungwe respectively.
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41

Engel, Michael S. "The wasp genus Clystopsenella in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae)." Novitates Paleoentomologicae, no. 12 (August 28, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/np.v0i12.4958.

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A new species of scolebythine wasp (Chrysidoidea: Scolebythidae) is described and figured from a female beautifully preserved in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic. The specimen is the first fossil record of the extant genus <em>Clystopsenella</em> Kieffer, and is quite similar to the extant <em>Clystopsenella longiventris</em> Kieffer, a species that occurs widely from Brazil to Belize. <strong><em>Clystopsenella mirabilis</em></strong> Engel, new species, is distinguished from <em>C. longiventris</em> on the basis of size; head, pronotal, and pterostigmal shape; and putative color differences. The living and fossil diversity of the family is summarized and evolutionary patterns within the clade are discussed.
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42

JOUAULT, CORENTIN, JEAN-MARC POUILLON, and ANDRÉ NEL. "The first fossil horntail wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil." Palaeoentomology 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.4.10.

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A new wood wasp, Cratosirex sennlaubi gen. et sp. nov., is described and figured from one specimen collected from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation in northeastern Brazil. This new genus is placed in the new siricid subfamily Cratosiricinae subfam. nov., based on a combination of plesiomorphic and autapomorphic characters. The presence of small and sub-equal forewing cells 1R1 and 2R1 is a synapomorphy with the extant subfamily Siricinae, absent in the other extinct subfamilies †Auliscinae and †Gigasiricinae, supporting a sister group relationships with the Siricinae. Our new discovery expands the distribution range of Siricidae fossil records, highlights the antiquity of the family, and emphasizes the need for more studies of this particular insect lineage in the Mesozoic deposits. Currently, all the representatives of the crown group of the extant Siricidae are Cenozoic.
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43

RUSSELL, PETER J. C., and VLADIMIR A. LUKHTANOV. "To which species should the name heynei Rühl, [1893] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) be referred?" Zootaxa 4531, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4531.1.3.

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Historical records of Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. arduinna (Esper, [1783]) from the mountains of Central Asia, including named subspecies and forms, are reviewed with particular reference to the name heynei Rühl, [1893], which has been associated with both of the aforementioned species. It is concluded that the name heynei should be associated with M. arduinna and not M. cinxia. For the sake of nomenclatural stability, a specimen of M. arduinna from the southern slope of Alai Mountains (Kyrgyzstan, Daroot-Korgon) is designated as the neotype of Melitaea cinxia var. heynei Rühl, [1893]. The morphological features of M. cinxia and M. arduinna, including the subspecies of the latter, are compared and figured. The historic and recent misidentifications of M. cinxia as M. arduinna and vice versa are exemplified.
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44

Pinho, Luiz Carlos, and Trond Andersen. "Neotropical Nilothauma Kieffer, 1921 (Diptera, Chironomidae): Key, eleven new species, re-descriptions, new combination and new records." ZooKeys 1033 (April 22, 2021): 81–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.60686.

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Nine new species of Nilothauma Kieffer, N. hamadaesp. nov., N. jupausp. nov., N. karitianasp. nov., N. lecciisp. nov., N. marianoisp. nov., N. mateusisp. nov., N. txukuyanasp. nov., N. werekenasp. nov. and N. yekwanasp. nov. are described and figured, based on adult males collected in Brazil and N. mayasp. nov. on an adult male from Mexico; N. terenasp. nov. is described as male, pupa and larva based on a reared specimen from Brazil. Nilothauma aleta Roback, 1960 and N. duena Roback, 1960 are re-described and recorded from Brazil. Nilothauma longissimum Mendes &amp; Andersen, 2009 is transferred to Beardius Reiss &amp; Sublette, 1985 and the diagnosis of Nilothauma is emended. New records of thirteen Neotropical Nilothauma species are given and a key to the males of all known species of Nilothauma is provided.
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45

Wei, Wuchang. "Clarification of Coccolithus crassus Bramlette and Sullivan, an index fossil of Coccolithophoridae." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 1 (January 1993): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021247.

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Coccolithus crassus was described by Bramlette and Sullivan (1961) from the Lodo Formation of California. This species has a short stratigraphic range within the lower Eocene and its first occurrence is a marker for the CP10/CP11 zonal boundary in the widely used nannofossil zonation of Okada and Bukry (1980). Most nannofossil workers, however, do not report this index fossil, and the CP10/CP11 zonal boundary is often not determined. This is in contrast to the work of D. Bukry, who used the first occurrence of C. crassus for the CP10/CP11 boundary in virtually all lower Eocene DSDP cores that he examined (Figure 1). Apparently, there is considerable confusion about C. crassus. For instance, Romein (1979) considered C. crassus a junior synonym of Coccolithus eopelagicus (Bramlette and Riedel) Bramlette and Sullivan; Steinmetz and Stradner (1984, p. 741, Pl. 42, figs. 1 and 2) figured a specimen of Ericsonia subpertusa Hay and Mohler from Zone CP7 (upper Paleocene) as C. crassus; Perch-Nielsen (1985, p. 433, figs. 3.46 and 3.47, p. 504, figs. 58.12 and 58.13) mistook Toweius callosus Perch-Nielsen as C. crassus, as did Varol (1989, p. 302, Pl. 4, figs. 37 and 38). The main problem that prevents most workers from using this index fossil is that the species concept is largely unclear. It appears to be difficult to distinguish C. crassus from C. pelagicus or T. callosus based on the light micrographs of Bramlette and Sullivan (1961, Pl. 1, figs. 4a and 4c), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of this species have never been published except one specimen of the species was illustrated in Matter et al. (1974, p. 914, Pl. 4, fig. 8) under the name Ericsonia ovalis Black.
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46

Pattemore, Gary A. "Megaflora of the Australian Triassic–Jurassic: a taxonomic revision." Acta Palaeobotanica 56, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 121–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2016-0008.

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Abstract Umkomasiaceans are the most commonly recorded components of Gondwanan Triassic floras but they are not represented subsequently in that region. Their diversity appears to have substantially declined prior to the Rhaetian. Lower and Middle Jurassic floras in Australia and elsewhere in Gondwana are strikingly different from those of the Triassic, comprising ferns, lycopods, conifers, cycads, and bennettitaleans. The fern Cladophlebis Brongniart 1849 emend. Seward 1894 dominated coal-forming paludal environments during the Middle Jurassic in Queensland and it is one of the most commonly preserved plants in the Eastern Gondwanan Jurassic. Ginkgoaleans were present in Eastern Gondwana until near the end-Triassic but were absent below ca 60°S palaeolatitude during the Early and Middle Jurassic. The type specimen of Dicroidium superbum (Shirley 1898) Townrow 1957 emend. nov. has been inaccurately represented in the published record. Consequently, many specimens belonging to the species have been incorrectly assigned to other umkomasiacean species. Misidentifications and considerably enlarged circumscriptions of some species have resulted in an erroneous and simplistic morpho-continuum concept supposedly linking umkomasiacean fronds. Several commonly occurring umkomasiacean species are re-assessed with particular attention to their type specimens, two of which are accurately figured here for the first time. This re-assessment, together with evidence from allied fructifications and wood, supports the view that umkomasiacean fronds belong to several genera. Most umkomasiacean lineages probably terminated prior to the Rhaetian; however, Zuberia Frenguelli 1943 emend. Artabe 1990 persisted to near the close of the Triassic.
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47

Wells, John. "James Hall's Amateurs." Earth Sciences History 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.1.b212248660r17vt3.

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Besides the various professional fossil collectors employed by James Hall to work in particular parts of the state, there were many "amateurs" for whom fossils were more or less of an avocation. From the middle 1840's to the end of the Hall era, the names of more than 150 amateurs can be counted - farmers, teachers, professors, students, clergymen, businessmen, physicians, and men of leisure, ranging from those who collected purposefully to those who casually picked up a specimen here and there. Very many of their finds came to Hall or the State Cabinet; many became types of new species to be described and figured by Hall, the collector's name often becoming the species eponyms. A sampling of their finds gives a glimpse of the activities of amateurs from 1847 to the time of Hall's death in 1898.
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48

Ansari, Shaista N., Dhananjay Rathod, G. P. Rathod, and Gazal Bisht. "Assessment of Exogenous Pigmentation on Clear Elastomeric Modules: An in vitro Study." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 8, no. 1 (October 13, 2018): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v8i1.21345.

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Objective: To assess in vitro changes in the shade of clear elastomeric modules from different manufacturers influenced by exogeneous pigmentation contained in everyday dietary substances.Materials & Method: The specimen comprised of clear elastomeric modules (Group A: Libral, Group B: TP Orthodontics) which were immersed in dietary substances: ketchup, coffee, tea, pepsi & methylene blue. Their hue, saturation and intensity were figured after 72 hours by methods of Adobe photoshop CS3 to mirror the module recoloring seriousness.Result: Significant difference was found between two types of modules analyzed in this study. Ketchup and methylene blue demonstrated higher staining potential compared to other staining media. Besides, there was no significant difference in staining contrast between tea and Pepsi.Conclusion: Ketchup and methylene blue are strong staining media, ought to be avoided by the patients opting for aesthetic orthodontic appliances. Elastomeric modules manufactured by different companies have differing staining potential.
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49

Niebuhr, Birgit, and John W. M. Jagt. "Revision of Hamites wernickei (Cephalopoda, Ancyloceratina) from the classic Lüneburg section (Upper Cretaceous, northern Germany)." Acta Geologica Polonica 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 627–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agp-2016-0033.

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Abstract A re-examination of heteromorph ammonites of late Campanian age from the Zeltberg section at Lüneburg has demonstrated that the type series of Hamites wernickei in fact comprises two different species that are here assigned to the nostoceratid Nostoceras Hyatt, 1894 and the polyptychoceratid Oxybeloceras Hyatt, 1900. Nostoceras (Didymoceras) wernickei (Wollemann, 1902) comb. nov., to which three of the four specimens that were described and illustrated by Wollemann (1902) belong, has irregularities of ribbing and tuberculation and changes its direction of growth at the transition from the helicoidal whorls to the hook, which is a typical feature of members of the subfamily Nostoceratinae. Torsion of body chambers is not developed in hairpin-shaped ammonite species, which means that the species name wernickei is no longer available for such polyptychoceratine diplomoceratids. Consequently, the fourth specimen figured and assigned to Hamites wernickei by Wollemann (1902) is here transferred to Oxybeloceras and considered conspecific to material from the Hannover area (Lehrte West Syncline) as O. aff. crassum (Whitfield, 1877). In addition to the “Heteroceras-Schicht des Mucronaten-Senons” of Lüneburg (bipunctatum/roemeri Zone, upper upper Campanian), the geographic range of N. (D.) wernickei probably includes Upper Austria, Tunisia and the Donbass region, while O. aff. crassum is known from the Hannover area (northern Germany), southern France, northern Spain and Upper Austria.
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50

Kröger, B. "Size matters – Analysis of shell repair scars in endocerid cephalopods." Fossil Record 14, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-14-109-2011.

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Nearly one third of all conchs of <i>Anthoceras buchi</i> (Lesnikowa, 1949) from Baltoscandia display healed apertural breakages. Often multiple of these repair scars can be found in single conchs. Most of the scars are less than 2 mm deep, but deeper slit-like repaired breakages occasionally occur. Small injuries are usually around the entire apertural circumference, but the larger scars are concentrated at the ventral side of the conch, which is interpreted as result of a protection from a hood. The adult diameter of <i>Anthoceras buchi</i> is > 40 mm. Conch regions that exceed 30 mm in diameter rarely contain evidence of multiple repair scars. The relative frequency of deep healed breakages is highest at regions with diameters of 25–30 mm. This pattern is interpreted as evidence for a size limitation of the predator: large specimens with conch diameters above 30 mm had a considerably lower risk to get injured and the preserved injuries were less severe. This potentially explains the strong evolutionary trend of size increase in endocerids during the Lower to Middle Ordovician as escalation between them and shell breaking predators. Additionally, a specimen of <i>Anthoceras buchi</i> is described and figured, which displays colour marks with a mottled pattern. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.201100001" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.201100001</a>
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