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Kim, Min-cheol, and Sun-young Lim. "Predicting Spectating Behavior of Spectator-Type Taekwondo Spectators by Applying the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior and Embodied Cognition Theory." Korean Journal of Sport Science 33, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.4.674.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the influence of certain factors on spectators' spectating behavior through the analysis of spectator-type Taekwondo spectators’ spectating behavior by applying the extended theory of planned behavior and embodied cognition theory and considering spectators’ desire to stay. METHODS A total of 305 surveys were used as the final sample. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used for frequency , correlation, confirmatory factor, and structural equation model analyses. RESULTS First, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and prior knowledge, which are predictors of the extended theory of planned behavior, had a statistically significant effect on the spectators’ desire to stay. Second, the spectators’ desire to stay had a statistically significant effect on the spectators’ content , environment, and behavior. Third , the spectators’ content and environment, which are sub-factors of the embodied cognition theory, had a statistically significant effect on the spectators’ behavior. CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and prior knowledge, which are predictors of the extended theory of planned behavior, have a positive effect on the embodied cognition and spectator behavior of spectator-type Taekwondo spectators.
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Arysheva, Anastasiya S. "Mass scenes as a way of manipulating the consciousness of the viewer." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik11164-72.
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The essay explores the significance of mass scenes in the history of cinema. It analyzes the directorial style of Sergei Eisenstein and his concept that the human mass becomes observable only with the invention of cinema. The image of the mass is created by the editing. Long shots transform the real human mass into an infinitely growing mass, while close-ups destroy its image. Film editing involves the audience in the creation of the mass: each foreshortening offers a new vision of the people united in the mass. Mass scenes of the film allow the spectator to become infected with the ideas of the mass and to experience the increase in emotions inherent in a crowd. The film appeals to the spectator whose properties are predetermined. The spectator agrees to the viewing conditions dictated by the film and dissolves in the spectacle. The full involvement of the spectator in what he sees on the film screen is the main feature of cinema. Therefore, the manipulation of the spectators consciousness during the film screening is inevitable. Due to the psychological characteristics of their perception, mass scenes are one of the most powerful ways to control the spectator's emotional and intellectual reactions.
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Patibanda, Rakesh, Aryan Saini, Nathalie Overdevest, Maria F. Montoya, Xiang Li, Yuzheng Chen, Shreyas Nisal, et al. "Fused Spectatorship: Designing Bodily Experiences Where Spectators Become Players." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CHI PLAY (September 29, 2023): 769–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3611049.
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Spectating digital games can be exciting. However, due to its vicarious nature, spectators often wish to engage in the gameplay beyond just watching and cheering. To blur the boundaries between spectators and players, we propose a novel approach called "Fused Spectatorship", where spectators watch their hands play games by loaning bodily control to a computational Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) system. To showcase this concept, we designed three games where spectators loan control over both their hands to the EMS system and watch them play these competitive and collaborative games. A study with 12 participants suggested that participants could not distinguish if they were watching their hands play, or if they were playing the games themselves. We used our results to articulate four spectator experience themes and four fused spectator types, the behaviours they elicited and offer one design consideration to support each of these behaviours. We also discuss the ethical design considerations of our approach to help game designers create future fused spectatorship experiences.
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Li, Rulin, Ying Liu, Ge Yu, Haibo Guo, and Siqi Qin. "Establishment of a Thermal Comfort Model for Spectator Areas of Air-Supported Membrane Ice Rinks in Severe Cold Regions: A Case Study in Harbin, China." Energies 16, no. 12 (June 8, 2023): 4598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124598.
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In China, the post-Winter Olympics era has seen the rapid development and promotion of ice rinks with air-supported membrane structures. With the rise of large indoor spectator areas in ice rinks, thermal comfort needs in spectator areas are receiving more and more attention. The satisfaction of thermal comfort needs is crucial to people’s health and well-being, so further study of the issue of thermal comfort in such spectator areas is needed. Unfortunately, models currently used to evaluate the thermal comfort of traditional building envelopes are not applicable to air-supported membrane-envelope ice rinks. Researchers need to focus on the internal thermal comfort needs of air-supported membrane envelopes for spectator areas. The aim of this research was to establish a thermal comfort model to provide exact temperature-range recommendations for spectator areas in air-supported membrane ice rinks. The indoor thermal-environment parameters of the ice rink in Harbin were measured from 2 January to 15 January 2023. To elicit data on spectators’ actual thermal sensations in the ice rink, a field questionnaire was administered. By modifying the expectancy factor, an extended predicted thermal comfort model was established. The results suggested that the operative temperature required to meet spectators’ thermal comfort needs in the case study ice rink ranged from 17 °C to 26 °C. The results of the study offer specific insights into the indoor thermal comfort needs of air-supported ice rinks and provide a more accurate temperature-setting reference for the healthy and energy-efficient development of such rinks.
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Welsford-Ackroyd, Finn, Andrew Chalmers, Rafael Kuffner dos Anjos, Daniel Medeiros, Hyejin Kim, and Taehyun Rhee. "Spectator View: Enabling Asymmetric Interaction between HMD Wearers and Spectators with a Large Display." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, ISS (November 3, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3486951.
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In this paper, we present a system that allows a user with a head-mounted display (HMD) to communicate and collaborate with spectators outside of the headset. We evaluate its impact on task performance, immersion, and collaborative interaction. Our solution targets scenarios like live presentations or multi-user collaborative systems, where it is not convenient to develop a VR multiplayer experience and supply each user (and spectator) with an HMD. The spectator views the virtual world on a large-scale tiled video wall and is given the ability to control the orientation of their own virtual camera. This allows spectators to stay focused on the immersed user's point of view or freely look around the environment. To improve collaboration between users, we implemented a pointing system where a spectator can point at objects on the screen, which maps an indicator directly onto the objects in the virtual world. We conducted a user study to investigate the influence of rotational camera decoupling and pointing gestures in the context of HMD-immersed and non-immersed users utilizing a large-scale display. Our results indicate that camera decoupling and pointing positively impacts collaboration. A decoupled view is preferable in situations where both users need to indicate objects of interest in the scene, such as presentations and joint-task scenarios, as it requires a shared reference space. A coupled view, on the other hand, is preferable in synchronous interactions such as remote-assistant scenarios.
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Goldberger, Alan S. "Courtside: Out of Control: Player/Spectator Violence." Strategies 3, no. 2 (November 1989): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.1989.10591708.
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Joanna Sochacka. "Chuligaństwo stadionowe jako samodzielne zjawisko społeczne i przedmiot regulacji prawnych. Zarys problematyki." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXII (January 1, 2010): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2010g.
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The current form of the phenomenon termed stadium hooliganism differs substantially to the form characteristic of 1960-1970s, and even 1980s. This is, on one hand, a result of change in deviant behaviour of spectators, on the other hand a result of material change in what behaviours are labelled, and thus controlled, by the state. While initially hooliganism consisted in acts of violence and vandalism on stadiums and in their immediate vicinity, deviant behaviours of spectators fundamentally changed with time. Re-design of stadiums, introduction of exclusively numbered seats and tickets, spectator video surveillance, ticket sale control systems, and many other technical measures to eliminate the sense of anonymity in the football fans – along with extension of the catalogue of football-related behaviours which are criminalised – resulted in relative safety of European, and to less extent Polish, stadiums. This resulted in transfer of deviant behaviour of spectators outside stadiums. At present, two types of behaviours are commonly considered in relation to stadium hooliganism. First, all deviant behaviours of (some) spectators manifested on the stadium or in its immediate vicinity in strict temporal and spatial relation to a match. Second, all other deviant behaviours of (some) spectators manifested outside stadiums and in less and less strict temporal, emotional and spatial relation to a sport event. Until 1985 penal policy towards stadium hooliganism – on the tier of national regulations, international cooperation, legal acts by European organs and UEFA – was surprisingly uniform in perception of the phenomenon as a social problem which does not require any particular methods or measure of control and which does not require any particular legislation. 1985 was a turning point as far as legal position of the phenomenon is concerned. Accepting in Strasbourg on 19 August 1985 the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches by Council of Europe initiated an entirely new approach to the policy of prevention of the phenomenon. Since 1985, legal acts concerning stadium hooliganism have been passed both on national and international level. Stadium hooliganism was termed a serious social problem in the area of public order solution of which requires introduction and implementation of particular legal regulations and particular methods of supervision and control. Including stadium hooliganism into the category of social phenomena which carry a risk for functioning of the society as a whole, such as terrorism, delinquency of immigrants, juvenile delinquency or drug addiction is an effect of wider transformations in European penal policy which have been present since the end of 1970s. This is related to emergence of strong tendencies towards politicisation of internal security issues at the time.
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Ju, Il Yeob, and Beon Jang Im. "Relations among the Number of Spectators, Social Control Result of Spectator Participation Factors in Korea-Japan World Cup." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 20 (November 30, 2003): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2003.11.20.519.
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Zhong, Fangliang, John K. Calautit, and Ben R. Hughes. "Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 5 (December 18, 2019): 561–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419894803.
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After winning the bid of the FIFA’s World Cup 2022, Qatar is facing the greatest challenges in terms of minimizing substantial energy consumptions for air-conditioning of stadiums and maintaining aero-thermal comfort for both players and spectators inside stadiums. This paper presents the results of temperature distributions and wind environment of the original stadium under the hot-humid climate and improvements on them for optimized scenarios of cooling jets. A combined computational fluid dynamics and building energy simulation approach was used to analyse the cooling performance and energy consumption per match of cooling air jets for 10 scenarios with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and locations of jets. The optimal scenario is to employ vertical jets above the upper tiers at supply temperature of 20°C and velocities of 2–12 m/s, integrated with horizontal jets of the same temperature at the lower tiers with 4 m/s and around the pitch with 7 m/s. This scenario can maintain the spectator tiers at an average temperature of 22°C and reduce the maximum predicted percentage of dissatisfied of thermal comfort from the original 100% to 63% for the pitch and 19% for the tiers, respectively. In terms of the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system per match, compared with one of the 2010 South Africa World Cup stadiums Royal Bafokeng stadium which consumed approximately 22.8 MWh energy for air-conditioning in winter (highest outdoor temperature 24.4°C), the maximum energy consumption of the optimal scenario in November (highest outdoor temperature 34.2°C) can reach 108 MWh. In addition, the spectator zones with scenario 8 have the potential to be resilient to the seasonal change of outdoor temperature if slight modifications of the supply velocities and precise temperature control on the spectator zones are applied. Moreover, the configurations presented in this paper can be used as a foundation of jets arrangement for future stadium retrofits in the hot climates. Practical application: This study assesses the aero-thermal conditions of a case study stadium under the hot climate of Qatar and explores the potential of applying cooling jets with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and their locations on the enhancement of both thermal and wind environment of spectator tiers and pitch. The assessment of the original stadium indicates that the ascending curved roof structure impedes the fresh air entering into the stadium and results in an asymmetric temperature distribution on the spectator tiers. The optimized design suggests a combination of vertical jets under the roof and both three arrays of horizontal jets at lower tiers and around pitch for future stadium optimizations in hot climates. It also recommends enhancing the thermal conditions on the pitch by optimizing the velocity of horizontal jets around the pitch. Moreover, the future design of the exact stadiums to be resilient to the seasonal changing outdoor temperature can be implemented based on scenario 8.
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Harlow, Karsten J., Anthony F. Hill, and Thomas Welton. "Control of intramolecular acetate–allenylidene coupling by spectator co-ligand π-acidity." Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 12 (1999): 1911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a902021g.
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Mason, Fred. "Watching the Watchers: A Visual Sociology Essay on Control, Security and Surveillance at Olympic Women’s Soccer in Glasgow." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 4 (December 18, 2013): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v11i4.4752.
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This paper presents a photo essay, grounded in visual sociology, which documents and discusses the security arrangements in place for the first day of Women’s Olympic Soccer at Hampden Park in Glasgow. Drawing on images of security arrangements, it considers how control of spectator behaviour, security and surveillance was laminated onto typical practices associated with football matches, but augmented because of the association with the Olympic Games.
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Zhong, Fangliang, Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry, and John Kaiser Calautit. "Effect of Roof Cooling and Air Curtain Gates on Thermal and Wind Conditions in Stadiums for Hot Climates." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 3941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133941.
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To host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Qatar is facing the greatest challenge in balancing the energy consumptions for cooling the stadiums and the thermal comfort for both players and spectators. Previous studies have not considered using a combined configuration of air curtain and roof cooling supply slot in stadiums to prevent the infiltration of outside hot air and reduce the cooling system’s energy consumption. This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of thermal and wind modeling around a baseline stadium and simulates the cooling scenarios of air curtains and roof cooling along with the energy consumption estimations for the World Cup matches using Building Energy Simulation (BES). Sensitivity analysis of different supply speeds and supply temperatures of air curtain gates and roof cooling was carried out, and the results showed that scenario six, which provides supply air of 25 m/s and 20 m/s at the roof and air curtain gates with a supply temperature of 10 °C, demonstrates optimal thermal performances on both the spectator tiers and the pitch. Compared with the baseline stadium performance, the average reductions in temperature on the pitch and spectator tiers under scenario six could reach 15 °C and 14.6 °C. The reductions in the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied values for the upper and lower tiers as well as the pitch were 63%, 74%, and 78%. In terms of the estimated energy consumptions, scenario six would consume electric energy per match at a rate of 25.5 MWh compared with 22.8 MWh for one of the stadiums in the 2010 South Africa World Cup and 42.0 MWh for the 2006 Germany World Cup. Future research is recommended to explore the influence of supply angle on air curtain gates and roof cooling supply slots’ performances.
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Wakefield, Kirk L., and Hugh J. Sloan. "The Effects of Team Loyalty and Selected Stadium Factors on Spectator Attendance." Journal of Sport Management 9, no. 2 (May 1995): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.9.2.153.
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Having loyal fans and a winning team generally results in higher attendance at games. However, university and professional team administrators are beginning to recognize the importance of marketing the stadium experience as more than just the game. Drawing from data collected from spectators at five Southeastern Conference football stadiums, the effects of team loyalty, stadium parking, stadium cleanliness, perceived crowding, food service, and fan behavior control on spectators' desire to stay and attend games at the stadium were investigated. Covariance structural modeling (e.g., LISREL) was employed to test the causal relationships among the hypothesized relationships. The results support the premise that although team loyalty strongly affects attendance, stadium design and stadium services also directly influence spectators' desire to stay, and hence, attend games at the stadium.
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DeSchriver, Timothy D., Daniel A. Rascher, and Stephen L. Shapiro. "If we build it, will they come? Examining the effect of expansion teams and soccer-specific stadiums on Major League Soccer attendance." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 6, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-05-2014-0025.
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Purpose – Two of the primary growth strategies for Major League Soccer (MLS) have been team expansion and the construction of soccer-specific stadiums. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between these factors and game-specific MLS spectator attendance. Design/methodology/approach – Two multiple regression models, one using multi-level mixed effects linear regression and another using interval regression, were developed to explain the variation in attendance utilizing the two factors of interest along with other control factors that have been identified as attendance determinants in previous literature. Game-specific data were collected for five MLS seasons, 2007-2011. Findings – The two regression models explained approximately 40 percent of the variation in spectator attendance and the results showed that expansion teams and soccer-specific stadiums were significantly related to attendance. However, the effect of soccer-specific stadiums was minimized due to the extreme success of the Seattle Sounders in drawing about twice as many fans as the next highest drawing franchise, yet playing in an American football stadium. Research limitations/implications – While many of the standard factors such as the presence of holidays and novelty players, competition from other professional teams, and day of week, competition from other professional teams; team quality failed to show significance. Expansion teams drew better than incumbent teams and the impact from soccer-specific stadia is weak given the success of the Seattle franchise (and possibly negative when excluding Seattle). Censoring of the dependent variable had a discernible impact on many of the attendance factors. Practical implications – These findings may be useful to managers of MLS and their teams along with other professional teams and/or leagues that are investigating the use of either team expansion or the construction of new facilities to increase spectator attendance. Originality/value – This is the first study to investigate the relationship between expansion and new stadium construction in MLS over multiple years. The results indicate that MLS’s decision to use team expansion and the construction of soccer-specific stadiums has been beneficial with respect to spectator attendance.
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Maguire, Joe. "The Emergence of Football Spectating as a Social Problem 1880–1985: A Figurational and Developmental Perspective." Sociology of Sport Journal 3, no. 3 (September 1986): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.3.3.217.
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This paper has three main purposes: to undermine the dominant mythology surrounding football hooliganism, to propose an alternative conceptualization, and to highlight more general issues in the sociology of sport. The main basis for the study is a systematic survey of newspapers and FA minutes dating from the 1880s. Examination of the changing nature and extent of both the actual forms and the perception of spectator disorder by powerful outsiders is undertaken. Changes in the specific forms of spectator disorder, in perceptions of it and in attempts to control it, are more adequately understood in terms of class cultural conflict over ways of living in English society and by attempting to trace the antecedents of such conflict. Crucial in this regard has been a marked narrowing of the forms of behavior that are seen as consistent with public disorder—the defining and redefining of the limits of “decent” spectating reflects this process. Analysis of the more general issue of agency and structure is considered in the concluding remarks.
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Holmes, Marcia. "Brainwashing the cybernetic spectator: The Ipcress File, 1960s cinematic spectacle and the sciences of mind." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 3 (July 2017): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695117703295.
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This article argues that the mid-1960s saw a dramatic shift in how ‘brainwashing’ was popularly imagined, reflecting Anglo-American developments in the sciences of mind as well as shifts in mass media culture. The 1965 British film The Ipcress File (dir. Sidney J. Furie, starr. Michael Caine) provides a rich case for exploring these interconnections between mind control, mind science and media, as it exemplifies the era’s innovations for depicting ‘brainwashing’ on screen: the film’s protagonist is subjected to flashing lights and electronic music, pulsating to the ‘rhythm of brainwaves’. This article describes the making of The Ipcress File’s brainwashing sequence and shows how its quest for cinematic spectacle drew on developments in cybernetic science, multimedia design and modernist architecture (developments that were also influencing the 1960s psychedelic counter-culture). I argue that often interposed between the disparate endeavours of 1960s mind control, psychological science and media was a vision of the human mind as a ‘cybernetic spectator’: a subject who scrutinizes how media and other demands on her sensory perception can affect consciousness, and seeks to consciously participate in this mental conditioning and guide its effects.
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Chen, Shanshan. "From Spectator to Participant: How New Media Ignites the Innovative Potential of Public Design Participation." Highlights in Art and Design 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v4i3.07.
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In the age of new media, the boundaries between content creators and consumers have blurred, allowing for an unprecedented level of public participation in design. This paper delves into the transformative power of new media platforms and tools that have reshaped the landscape of design, moving from a traditionally passive audience to an active and engaged public body. Through an exploration of case studies and emerging trends, we highlight the innovative potential unlocked when the public is actively involved in design processes. While the benefits are manifold, challenges related to quality control and the balance between professional and public input are also discussed. Embracing these changes, understanding the dynamic nature of design in the new media era, and harnessing the collective power of the public will pave the way for more inclusive, innovative, and forward-thinking design solutions.
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HUANG, TAO, ZUO-HONG LI, XING-GANG WU, and FEN ZUO. "SEMILEPTONIC B(Bs, Bc) DECAYS IN THE LIGHT-CONE QCD SUM RULES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 21 (August 20, 2008): 3237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0804189x.
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Semileptonic B(Bs, Bc) decays are investigated systematically in the light-cone QCD sum rules. Special emphasis is put on the LCSR calculation on weak form factors with an adequate chiral current correlator, which turns out to be particularly effective to control the pollution by higher twist components of spectator mesons. The result for each channel depends on the distribution amplitude of the the producing meson. The leading twist distribution amplitudes of the related heavy mesons and charmonium are worked out by a model approach in the reasonable way. A practical scenario is suggested to understand the behavior of weak form factors in the whole kinematically accessible ranges. The decay widths and branching ratios are estimated for several B(Bc) decay modes of current interest.
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Leung, Grace S. M., Anna Y. Zhang, Eddie H. K. Yu, and Johnson C. S. Cheung. "From spectator to spect-actor: The proactive involvement of chinese parents in their conflicts with adolescents through a forum theatre format." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 30, no. 1 (October 16, 2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2019.21.
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AbstractParent-adolescent conflict seems to be common when adolescents negotiate power with their parents. Forum theatre (FT), an interactive and participatory theatre form, is recommended as a community-based intervention to assist Chinese parents in managing the challenges of parent-adolescent interaction. FT proposes that solutions to daily struggles can be reached through concerted efforts of the participants. This article documents the impact of FT on parents who took on the role of ‘spect-actor’. The spect-actor is an active spectator who acts on stage to test solutions to a problem. The results indicate that parents gained more awareness of their children’s needs, which helped them to relax their control over their children. FT is recommended as a means of parent education in schools.
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Skorik, Yulia A. "About Effect of LED Lighting and its Dynamics on Visual Functions and Overall State of a Spectator." Light & Engineering, no. 03-2020 (June 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2019-20.
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Constant development of LED light sources (LS) and lighting control systems establish a potential for development of brand new lighting installations (LI) which allow us to increase efficiency of human performance for both short periods of time and for the entire active period of life. For massive development of such LIs, it is necessary to have a methodology for evaluating their efficiency. Such methodology has been developed and tested and has prospects of development requiring constant collection and consideration of new information. In view of this, the article describes experimental evaluations of parameters of visual functions and psycho-emotional and physiological states of spectators in static and dynamic lighting by LED LSs.
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Dwyer, Brendan, Ben Larkin, and Chad Goebert. "Measuring Fantasy Team and Favorite Team Interactivity Through Implicit Association." Communication & Sport 7, no. 6 (October 21, 2018): 811–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479518804482.
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Traditional team fandom is a vital component of contemporary spectator sport marketing and communication. However, fantasy sport has recently emerged as a potential threat to team fandom, particularly with regard to the interactivity provided by the virtual game. Research has found evidence that fantasy sport can be both a substitute and a complement to traditional team fandom. However, with limited control over traditional team outcomes and perceived control over fantasy team outcomes, interactivity has emerged as a potential differentiator between the two forms of fandom. Guided by the fantasy football participation and consumption model and endowment theory, the current study conducted an implicit association experiment on the interactivity and passiveness of contemporary professional sport fandom. These results were combined with self-report data to explore potential indicators of implicit bias. The experiment uncovered an association of interactivity to favorite team players and passiveness to fantasy team players. The post hoc examination of potential predictors found the drive to compete, and in-season game outcomes positively impacted the unexpected interactivity implicit bias.
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LIU, Xinhua, Zhuangzhi SUN, and Guangzheng YAO. "Spectator Arrival and Departure Traffic Mode and Influence Factors in Beijing Olympic Games Opening and Closing Ceremony." Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology 11, no. 1 (February 2011): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-6672(10)60109-2.
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Campagnolo, Gilles. "Du «spectateur impartial» au «travailleur impartial», un commentaire sur la relation entre philosophie morale et économie politique chez Adam Smith selon Jean Mathiot." Dialogue 50, no. 3 (September 2011): 469–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217311000515.
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ABSTRACT: As Smith freed moral philosophy from former control bodies (the Church, the state), the Scottish philosopher opened the field for a scientific political economy. In hisAdam Smith. Philosophie et économie(Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1990, p. 45), Jean Mathiot asked :«Should then one wonder that his [Smith’s] audacious stand became the historical grounding stone for political economy, then bringing recognition as an objectively-grounded field of knowledge?»Mathiot’s text and thought have been little debated to this day; this essay is meant to fill that gap, in particular with regard to the history of Smith’s reception in France. Mathiot sought to understand better the “impartial spectator” using a new character whom he claimed Smith was implicitly sketching, and whom he called “the impartial laborer”. To Mathiot’s mind, from theTheory of moral sentiments(1759) to theWealth of Nations(1776), the link is nothing else than Smith’s own philosophy.
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Czarnecka, Agnieszka. "Taming Egoism: Adam Smith on Empathy, Imagination and Justice." Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 9, Special Issue (2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.16.033.6971.
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I argue that the construction of the social order, as shown by Adam Smith in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, depends on people’s ability to tame their inborn egoism. According to the philosopher’s anthropological assumptions a human being learns through life experiences how to control his self- interest so that it does not threaten societal existence. During socialization, a human being – still an egoist to some extent – continues role-playing by the use of the psychological mechanisms of empathy and imagination. As a result he develops sympathy, at first, as a reaction to real people’s emotions experienced in a particular context. Finally, he naturally and more and more unconsciously takes under consideration the perspective of an impartial spectator. The gradually developing process brings about consequences that improve social morality, such as control over the expression of intense emotions, which is a condition for experiencing emotional harmony, or a refrain from pursuing one’s self-interest at the expense of someone else, so as not to become a subject of social contempt. One should also bear in mind that none of these consequences was carefully planned in advance nor purposefully executed.
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Grehan, Helena. "Faction and Fusion in The 7 Stages of Grieving." Theatre Research International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883301000104.
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Indigenous Australian theatre company Kooemba Jdarra's production of Wesley Enoch and Deborah Mailman's The 7 Stages of Grieving (performed by Mailman) presents us with a series of stories about grief, grieving and loss. Mailman adopts the position of a ‘nomadic performer’ moving between stories and personae, refusing to embrace a singular character position, instead weaving the performance together through her use of slides, photographs, story and song. The performer claims and marks the space and empowers herself through her control over representation. The stories told often use autobiographical references, however, the style of the work positions the performance piece as a pastiche of stories about Aboriginal grief and grieving rather than an attempt to tell ‘true’ stories. This analysis interrogates the ways in which the spectator is invited to question his/her understandings of, and responses to, the concepts of grief and grieving, and to further question the issue of belonging in Australia, given the past and ongoing oppression of the Indigenous peoples of this land.
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Higgins, John. "Montage in play." Image & Text, no. 37 (May 24, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2617-3255/2023/n37a2.
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Montage is commonly identified solely with film-editing. Why this is the case when conceptually it is synonymous with the practice of collage is due largely to the Soviet insistence that Russian editing practices - montage - differed substantially from Hollywood editing practices. In asserting the specificity of a Soviet montage practice which seeks to entirely control the message of film for the spectator, Sergei Eisenstein set himself against the thinking of his rival and contemporary Dziga Vertov. In this dispute, the focus becomes the politics of reading more generally. This dispute around the politics of active reading is later echoed and amplified in Jacques Derrida's arguments around the postcard, and picked up in South Africa around the understanding of a recent montage text, 40 nights/40 days: from the lockdown. The dynamics of what it is to be a "fearful reader" are here taken further through the question of montage in play and the politics of reading in the moment of Covid-19.
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Testa, Alberto. "The All-Seeing Eye of State Surveillance in the Italian Football (Soccer) Terraces: The Case Study of the Football Fan Card." Surveillance & Society 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v16i1.6796.
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The football (soccer) stadium in Italy has been, since its origin, not only a ludic space but also a symbolic setting that has often reflected national socio-political issues such as the country’s north/south economic and political divide, the existence of organized crime, the promotion of radical political ideologies, and, concomitantly, racism and homophobia. In such a milieu, the spectacle of football can suddenly shift to symbolic and factual violence. One of the main tools of the complex Italian counter hooliganism model (CHM) is the Tessera del tifoso, a compulsory fan ID scheme adopted in 2009 to curb football spectator violence. This paper attempts to systematically evaluate this scheme for the first time, adopting as its conceptual frame Giorgio Agamben’s concepts of the state of exception, bare life, the (concentration) camp, and dispositivo (apparatus). It is argued that the Tessera del tifoso serves as a most prominent example of a CHM based on a permanent state of exception manifested by an increase in State surveillance, control, and regulation of fans’ lives with potential implications for their civil liberties and freedom.
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Popovic, Radovan. "The big brother show and infernality of the regained paradise." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 128 (2009): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0928021p.
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The unity, autonomy and autoreferentiality of the representational model upon which the uniqueness of the communicational concept of postmodern mass-media rests, as well as interactivity within the framework of which, assisted by the fictional Other, the modus subsistendi of a spectator is being constituted, represents the main subject of the critical discourse of the following essay. The thesis which is here proposed is that it is possible to identify and scrutinize a fundamental difference between the generative core of meaning and the effects which the reality show The Big Brother produces within the Euro-American cultural circle on the one hand and within the cultural context of the societies involved in a process of assimilation of axiological paradigms originating from that circle on the other hand. The secularization of the techniques of confession which manifest themselves in a number of aspects of this programme transforms itself in these societies into a self-induced adoption of traditionalist mechanisms of control and their perpetuating in a form of illusory permissiveness and anti-dogmatic social praxis.
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Lin, Jiachun, Ziyu Liu, Junlin Lu, and Zibo Wang. "The Effect of COVID-19 on Chinas Real Estate Market via Different Angles." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 17, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/17/20231110.
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The trend of the real estate industry has become a hot topic of concern in contemporary society, and some studies have shown that after the epidemic, real estate has been conducted. The profitability of enterprises has declined significantly since there are many different opinions. This article aims to find the reasons from the three different perspectives of home buyers, housing enterprises, and governments based on the feature analysis method. The trend analysis method investigates the sales and pending sales of real estate products in the country. According to the analysis, real estate has indeed been on a downward spiral in recent years. The buyer does not have sufficient funds to buy a house. The cash flow of housing enterprises is also extremely tight, and in the year of the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, the volume of sales almost fell exponentially. Governments also need to continue to issue policies in a changing economic environment spectator control. In summary, China's real estate is still full of difficulties. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of real estate market.
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Gaugne, Ronan, Florian Nouviale, Octavia Rioual, Arnaud Chirat, Kevin Gohon, Vincent Goupil, Martin Toutirais, Bruno Bossis, and Valérie Gouranton. "EvoluSon: Walking through an Interactive History of Music." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00298.
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The EvoluSon project proposes an immersive experience where the spectator explores an interactive visual and musical representation of the main periods of the history of Western music. The musical content is constituted of original musical compositions based on the theme of Bach’s Art of Fugue to illustrate the eight main musical eras from Antiquity to the contemporary epoch. The EvoluSon project contributes at the same time to the usage of VR for intangible culture representation and to interactive digital art that puts the user at the center of the experience. The EvoluSon project focuses on music through a presentation of the history of Western music, and uses virtual reality to valorize the different pieces through the ages. The user is immersed in a coherent visual and sound environment and can interact with both modalities. This project is the result of collaboration between a computer science research laboratory and a research laboratory on art and music. It was first presented to a public event on science and music organized by the computer science research laboratory.
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Volkov, Andrey N., and Andrey V. Kochetkov. "ROBOTIC EQUIPMENT OF THEATER STAGES." International Journal of Advanced Studies 14, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2024-14-1-206.
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Background. The topic of the article is timely. Many interesting and technically quite feasible ideas in equipping the stage were not implemented in the theater due to the lack of direct groundwork and limited time resources. Problem statement. Generalization of the latest experience in the field of theatrical machinery requires raising the issue to the level of an interdisciplinary scientific direction based on mechanics, mechatronics and robotics. Purpose. The need to implement the increasingly complex ideas of performance directors in a modern theater requires the improvement of demonstration equipment, primarily theatrical machinery based on new scientific achievements and modern technical means of mechanization and automation. Research methods. Special stage robots can have a very different appearance, for example, they can be zoomorphic or anthropomorphic, but while maintaining the style of constructivism, they can have a man-made appearance. Such robots can perform complex movements, while they usually have numerous moving parts with independent drives. To provide flexible motion control capabilities with a focus on spectator perception, it is required to use microprocessor control with coordination from central control computers. Results. When setting requirements for such a technique, the orientation towards visual perception is specific, which is also used in demonstration robotics. Based on the scientific generalization of previous and new experience in creating technical equipment for theatrical productions of large theaters, the paper describes and characterizes typical tasks of creating and working out a scientific base for creating modern and promising equipment for theatrical productions based on general principles and practical methods of mechanics, mechatronics and robotics.
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Ishiwata, Koji, Eiichiro Komatsu, and Ippei Obata. "Axion-gauge field dynamics with backreaction." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/03/010.
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Abstract Phenomenological success of inflation models with axion and SU(2) gauge fields relies crucially on control of backreaction from particle production. Most of the previous study only demanded the backreaction terms in equations of motion for axion and gauge fields be small on the basis of order-of-magnitude estimation. In this paper, we solve the equations of motion with backreaction for a wide range of parameters of the spectator axion-SU(2) model. First, we find a new slow-roll solution of the axion-SU(2) system in the absence of backreaction. Next, we obtain accurate conditions for stable slow-roll solutions in the presence of backreaction. Finally, we show that the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves sourced by the gauge fields can exceed that of quantum vacuum fluctuations in spacetime by a large factor, without backreaction spoiling slow-roll dynamics. Imposing additional constraints on the power spectra of scalar and tensor modes measured at CMB scales, we find that the sourced contribution can be more than ten times the vacuum one. Imposing further a constraint of scalar modes non-linearly sourced by tensor modes, the two contributions can still be comparable.
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Post, Jack. "From Altered States to Altered Titles: A Close Analysis of the Title Sequence to Ken Russell's Altered States (1981)." Journal of British Cinema and Television 12, no. 4 (October 2015): 556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2015.0285.
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Although most title sequences of Ken Russell's films consist of superimpositions of a static text on film images, the elaborate title sequence to Altered States (1981) was specially designed by Richard Greenberg, who had already acquired a reputation for his innovative typography thanks to his work on Superman (1978) and Alien (1979). Greenberg continued these typographic experiments in Altered States. Although both the film and its title sequence were not personal projects for Russell, a close analysis of the title sequence reveals that it functions as a small narrative unit in its own right, facilitating the transition of the spectator from the outside world of the cinema to the inside world of filmic fiction and functioning as a prospective mise-en-abyme and matrix of all the subsequent narrative representations and sequences of the film to come. By focusing on this aspect of the film, the article indicates how the title sequence to Altered States is tightly interwoven with the aesthetic and thematic structure of the film, even though Russell himself may have had less control over its design than other parts of the film.
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Gaskins, David A., and Todd W. King. "Creating “Memorable Moments” to Excite the Intramural Sports Experience." Recreational Sports Journal 22, no. 4 (October 1998): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155886619802200404.
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While intramural sports contests do not enjoy the same widespread media exposure and attention as collegiate and professional athletics, they still produce special memories for the participants. It is the fun, stress release, joy of teamwork, thrill of competition, opportunity to escape the monotony of everyday life, and the emotional arousal which are generated by recreational sports programs that are the reasons why people participate. The “memorable moments” concept examines strategies on marketing implication and maintaining programmatic quality. The basic components of a “memorable moment” are intangible elements and include enjoyment or exhilaration, personal value, and something that is atypical. While intangibles result from the competition itself a variety of specific tangible techniques such as a public address announcer, spectator seating, campus media coverage, special promotions and activities, a national anthem, game programs, commercial sponsorship, and videotaping, can be employed to further emphasize and complement these aspects. The implementation of these tangibles and increasing the attractiveness of the participatory experience has tremendous positive marketing implications. The foremost advantage is the excitement and heightened awareness of programs that is engendered through expanded word-of-mouth. Tangibles also assist in improving visibility of programs and facilitates elevated recognition and exposure throughout the institution. The benefits of these effects often translated into more participants, greater receptiveness toward budget requests, improved networking opportunities both within and outside the institution, and enhanced respect from upper-level administrators. Although the “memorable moments: concept offers numerous exceptional strengths, its implementation also requires certain important commitments and programming adjustments. Timelines and advance planning are even more crucial when programs include additional enhancements. Furthermore, financial and personnel requirements are increased as well as the time and coordination necessary for special game logistical arrangements. Potential problems and issues must also be addressed. Rescheduling requests, inclement weather, spectator control for large crowds, and decisions related to determining which activities or games will receive special attention, what degree of auxiliary features will be utilized, and how to ensure the “memorable moments” remain something special are the most prominent topics to be considered. The reasons for participating in intramural sports are many and varied. However, fun, enjoyment, and the thrill of competition are usually at the heart of the decision to become involved in these activities. “Memorable moments” represents an excellent strategy to inspire and magnify thee feelings among participants while also displaying the program on center stage in an extraordinary marketing medium.
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Mirosława Melezini and Andrzej Sakowicz. "Środek karny zakazu wstępu na imprezę masową w systemie prawa karnego." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXII (January 1, 2010): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2010h.
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The publication discusses the nature, premises, and methods of sentencing a penal measure consisting in prohibition of entry to mass events. The first part shows legal solutions accepted in the European Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events and in particular at Football Matches accepted on 19 August 1985 by Council of Europe. It is recognised at one of the most important international documents providing for the fight with stadium hooliganism. Although the Convention’s aim is to prevent and control incidents by football spectators, provisions of the Convention apply also to other disciplines which might posit the risk of acts of violence and incidents by spectators (article 1 paragraph 12 of the Convention). Subsequently, there follows an analysis of legal solutions accepted in the current Act of 20 march 2009 on Mass Events Safety and the former Act of 22 January 1997 on Mass Events Safety. In particular, the focus was placed on the evolution of the prohibition of entry to a mass event and the definition of a legal mass event which at present is no longer based on the number of participants predicted by the organiser but on the number of places made available by the organiser. It is a result of common malpractice practice of organisers who used to omit the requirements by declaring less people than were actually expected. 2. Second part of the publication presents statistical data concerning contraventions related to mass sport events between 1999 and 2009 in Poland. The data show that there is a decreasing tendency in mass contraventions and hooligan incidents. At the same time, the data bring the conclusion that most hooligan incidents were committed during mass events. This may prove that objects where such events are organised are still ill-equipped but also that the organisers fail to observe their duties, imposed on them by the Act on Mass Events Safety. This part of publication also drafts a profile of the perpetrators of hooligan events. The study shows they are unmarried males between 15 and 25 with primary or secondary education and without a previous criminal record. 3. Part three of the publication is an analysis of normative solutions of the penal measure consisting in prohibition of entry to mass events. It includes provisions of Criminal Code, Petty Offences Code and Act of 20 march 2009 on Mass Events Safety. The analysis brings a conclusion that introduction of mass entry event ban served the purpose of increasing the safety of mass events and excluding persons who posit a risk to said safety. Thus, introduction of such legal solution to Polish law should be undisputable. Doubts can be raised only if particular solutions are examined, for instance the interpretation of “personal appearance” in a police station during a mass event.
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Bailas, Gabriela, Benoît Blossier, Jochen Heitger, Vincent Morénas, and Matthias Post. "On the D*s and charmonia leptonic decays." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 13002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817513002.
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Among the different scenarios of New Physics, those with an extended Higgs sector are examined with a lot of attention. Recent experimental observations of several anomalies in flavour physics with respect to expectations of the Standard Model further motivate the effort of phenomenologists. First, informations about the RDs ratio, a test of lepton flavour universality equivalent to RD, already measured, but with the s quark as spectator, are awaited in coming years to constrain the corner of an extended Higgs sector with charged doublets. On another side, leptonic widths of pseudoscalar quarkonia are particularly interesting to test an extended Higgs sector with a light CP-odd Higgs boson singlet, through the study of its mixing with quarkonia states. Hadronic parameters entering those processes have to be determined from lattice QCD with enough confidence on the control of systematic errors. We report on the very first step of a long-term program tackled with Nf = 2 Wilson-Clover fermions to put relevant constraints on extensions of the Higgs sector: extraction of decay constants of D*s, ƞc, ƞc (2S), J/Ψ and Ψ(2S) with lattice ensembles provided by the CLS effort, considering 2 lattice spacings and a large range of pion masses to estimate cut-off effects and extrapolate results to the chiral limit.
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Dodds, Sherril. "Embodied Transformations in Neo-Burlesque Striptease." Dance Research Journal 45, no. 3 (May 22, 2013): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767713000016.
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This article both argues for and contests the discourses of transformation that characterize the production and reception of neo-burlesque striptease. Through an experiential, ethnographic, and critical methodology, I reflect on how this genre engenders performances of transformation through the passage of dress to undress, at the performer–spectator exchange, and through shifting corporeal values, changing representations of female eroticism and the reclaiming of a nostalgic femininity within the neo-burlesquemise-en-scène. Yet in line with critical debates in cultural studies, I seek to question the extent to which utopian notions of transformation occur beyond the level of the “performance text” to incorporate change in the economic and social realities of neo-burlesque performers and audiences. In response I argue that neo-burlesque striptease is a site of class privilege in which performers have the necessary economic and intellectual capital through which to stage a critique of the striptease body, which could not necessarily be replicated in other sites of production. Yet I also recognize that neo-burlesque performance offers important opportunities for personal and social transformation through the ways in which women experience their disrobed bodies in an affirmative public space and through the creative control they exercise in the construction of their bodily display.
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Patel, Shreepali. "Drone Filming: Creativity versus Regulations in Autonomous Art Systems. A Case Study." Media-N 15, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.median.v15i1.50.
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This article explores the impact of drone regulations on the narrative potential of drone filming. The central focus of this exploration is a Case Study analysis of the production of a multi-screen audio-visual digital installation, The Crossing (Patel, 2016). The Crossing [1], filmed in central London, utilized the use of a heavy weight Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) also known as a drone with a 5-kilo weight load capacity with the Alexa Mini WCU-4. Combined with the CForce Mini lens control system, the UAS gave unparalleled camera and lens control at extended ranges, providing complete pan, tilt and lens control and allowing dynamic moves in the air. The result was the ability to navigate through spaces to give intimate and playful shots that give the viewer ‘alternate’ versions of reality that only a ‘machine’ can provide. Artists, performers and filmmakers are finding new kinds of beauty through automated programming where the drones are not just capturing the story but the machines themselves become the story. However, the operational scope of drones is limited by legal and health and safety regulations, particularly within built up urban environments. These regulations govern the vertical and horizontal distance from objects and people, line of sight, time constraints, weather conditions as well as security implications. Further restrictions include requiring a trained and fully licensed crew with permission from the relevant aviation bodies. This article seeks to answer whether these restrictions limit the creativity of the artist or challenge the creator to consider alternate ways of using these Autonomous Art Systems to inform the aesthetic scope of the captured image. This article will draw on a combination of original filming and broadcast examples to examine how legal and security restrictions on UAS inform the narrative and aesthetic realization of the final art form and subsequent emotional and physical response of the spectator.
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Vucenovic, A. "IMAGINATION AS "INTERNAL VISION SCREEN" IN THE CREATIVE PROCESS OF THE WORK OF THE ACTOR ON THE ROLE." Izvestiya of the Samara Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social, Humanitarian, Medicobiological Sciences 25, no. 89 (2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2413-9645-2023-25-89-44-51.
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The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the concept of imagination, which is much talked about in psychology, remains incomplete outside of theatrical discourse, actor's and director's understanding of this category. Imagination is not a spontaneous, automatically developing process, but an in-depth process based primarily on the intellectual capabilities of the actor through the manifestation of his analytical abilities, which are directly related to the degree of development of his imagination, which determines the professional quality of the actor. The algorithm of the work of the imagination, its phased development is investigated. Examples are given from the pedagogical experience of the author of the article on activating the imagination of students - trainings and tasks that develop figurative thinking and, as a result, acting skills. An integral part of learning is tasks for the memory of physical actions, where the subject is imaginary, and actions with it are real. The problems of interaction between the actor and the spectator in the performances of the puppet theater are touched upon: the role of imagination control in theatrical activity. Lack of imagination or thoughtless departure from it leads to a negative result: instead of "co-creation", immersion in the picture created by the actor, repulsive feelings awaken in the viewer. Imagination has a special role in theater as a "three-dimensional art".
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Tannor, David J. "Actors, spectators and control." Nature 369, no. 6480 (June 1994): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/369445a0.
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Smith, Wayne P., Heather Tuffin, Samuel J. Stratton, and Lee A. Wallis. "Validation of a Modified Medical Resource Model for Mass Gatherings." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 1 (October 26, 2012): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12001471.
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AbstractIntroductionA modified Medical Resource Model to predict the medical resources required at mass gatherings based on the risk profile of events has been developed. This study was undertaken to validate this tool using data from events held in both a developed and a developing country.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted utilizing prospectively gathered data from individual events at Old Trafford Stadium in Manchester, United Kingdom, and Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa. Both stadia are similar in design and spectator capacity. Data for Professional Football as well as Rugby League and Rugby Union (respectively) matches were used for the study. The medical resources predicted for the events were determined by entering the risk profile of each of the events into the Medical Resource Model. A recently developed South African tool was used to predetermine medical staffing for mass gatherings. For the study, the medical resources actually required to deal with the patient load for events within the control sample from the two stadia were compared with the number of needed resources predicted by the Medical Resource Model when that tool was applied retrospectively to the study events. The comparison was used to determine if the newly developed tool was either over- or under-predicting the resource requirements.ResultsIn the case of Ellis Park, the model under-predicted the basic life support (BLS) requirement for 1.5% of the events in the data set. Mean over-prediction was 209.1 minutes for BLS availability. Old Trafford displayed no events for which the Medical Resource Model would have under-predicted. The mean over-prediction of BLS availability for Old Trafford was 671.6 minutes. The intermediate life support (ILS) requirement for Ellis Park was under-predicted for seven of the total 66 events (10.6% of the events), all of which had one factor in common, that being relatively low spectator attendance numbers. Modelling for ILS at Old Trafford did not under-predict for any events. The ILS requirements showed a mean over-prediction of 161.4 minutes ILS availability for Ellis Park compared with 425.2 minutes for Old Trafford. Of the events held at Ellis Park, the Medical Resource Model under-predicted the ambulance requirement in 4.5% of the events. For Old Trafford events, the under-prediction was higher: 7.5% of cases.ConclusionThe medical resources that are deployed at a mass gathering should best match the requirement for patient care at a particular event. An important consideration for any model is that it does not continually under-predict the resources required in relation to the actual requirement. With the exception of a specific subset of events at Ellis Park, the rate of under-prediction for this model was acceptable.SmithWP, TuffinH, StrattonSJ, WallisLA. Validation of a modified medical resource model for mass gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(1):1-7.
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Yilmaz, Ayşe Nahide. "The Image of Politics in Art: Projecting the Oppression in Turkish Art Scene." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i2.p339-339.
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In the 1970s, Turkey's artistic milieu was mostly influenced by socialist realistic painters who demonstrated political criticism with a figurative understanding. The oppression that came with the coup d'état of September 12, 1980 aimed at a depoliticized society, and artists were then politically diverted to implicit and indirect ways. While direct intervention from the military or the civil government under its control rarely came, the artists and art institutions have even ended some kind of auto censorship. In a demoralized and depoliticized cultural environment, the works that embodied the 'social ghost' have both raised emotional and reactive objections and ironically created a sense of guilt in the audience. Being a spectator meant to be a victim, a judge, a witness, or maybe -in fact- all of these at once. The artist imagination reproducing the notions of authority and power in silenced societies has made conspicuous human rights violations, tortures, and executions through works of art. Artists, who counted art as a vehicle to change the world, have provided a deep dimension in art environment with a wide variety of knowledge and skills right along with new techniques and materials. In this work, there shall be many examples of artists and works of art that combine 'art politics' and 'political art' as a single thing, which goes beyond traditional approaches to art and politics in the intense and subversive political atmosphere of the 1980s in Turkey.
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Phillips, Peter. "A Catholic Community: Shrewsbury. Part II: 1850–1920." Recusant History 20, no. 3 (May 1991): 380–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200005495.
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The Papal Brief restoring the English hierarchy was promulgated on September 29th 1850. On October 25th the Shrewsbury Chronicle reprinted without comment a straight summary taken from the French Catholic paper, L’Univers. Soon enough anti-Catholic feeling, fanned to fury by Cardinal Wiseman’s provocative and flamboyant Letter from the Flaminian Gate, was unleashed across the length and breadth of the nation. In the next few weeks the Chronicle reprinted a whole series of letters on the controversy, an open letter from the Bishop of London to his clergy, John Russell’s open letter to the Bishop of Durham, endorsing the bishop’s remark that this example of ‘papal aggression’ was both ‘insolent and insidious’. Replies were also published: Bishop Ullathorne’s letter to The Times and an article in The Spectator both insisting on the spiritual nature of the issue, rather than presenting it as a threat to the constitution of the English Church and nation. These seemed to go unnoticed. An advertisement appeared from the clergy of Shrewsbury signed amongst others by the Archdeacon of Salop, and Kennedy (of Shorter Latin Primer fame), then Headmaster of the Schools. A petition was to be left for signing in Mr. Lake’s, in Market Square, protesting about the ‘illegal usurpation of power, insulting to our most gracious sovereign… openly intimating a design eventually to subjugate England to papal control’. The local papers seemed happy enough to encourage the debate.
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Evgrafova, Yulia A. "Hypotyposis in Heterogeneous Screen Texts: Case Study of ASMR-Videos." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2022-13-2-353-363.
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This article examines the peculiarities of the functioning of the rhetorical figure hypotyposis in an atypical for its nature type of the text - a heterogeneous screen text. The relevance of the study is determined by the supremacy of such texts in modern communication and their increasing influence on the formation of public opinion, including the use of implicit manipulations, constructed by rhetorical means. The aim of this article is to examine means of constructing hypotyposis in heterogeneous screen texts. ASMR-videos published on the online platform YouTube were chosen as the research material. Descriptive techniques (observation; generalization; interpretation of observation results; classification; analysis; synthesis; comparison), contextual and distributive analysis, as well as functional-pragmatic analysis were chosen as the research methods. The following results were found in the course of the study. In heterogeneous screen texts, in particular ASMR-videos, the hypotyposis is constructed on the basis of metonymic and metaphorical connection arising between the verbal and non-verbal units in the course of their constellation in the screen “speech”. It is regulated by the analytical synaesthetic code, which has a number of subcodes: auditory-visual, visual-auditory, visual-tactile and visual-objective. The use of hypotyposis in ASMR screen texts “depicts” the invisible - the viewer-recipient experiences certain perceptual sensations from stimuli that do not really exist - a simulation of reality. Besides, a semiotic “nest doll” of codes allows to control the consciousness of the spectator-recipient, creating fascination. This article is aimed at students, graduate students, teachers, linguists, philologists, and anyone else interested in general and linguistic semiotics.
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Volkov, Oleksandr, Mykola Komar, and Dmytro Volosheniuk. "Devising an image processing method for transport infrastructure monitoring systems." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 2(112) (August 31, 2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239084.
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Identifying and categorizing contours in images is important in many areas of computer vision. Examples include such operational tasks solved by using unmanned aerial vehicles as dynamic monitoring of the condition of transport infrastructure, in particular road markings. This study has established that current methods of image contour analysis do not produce clear and reliable results when solving the task of monitoring the state of road markings. Therefore, it is a relevant scientific and applied task to improve the methods and models of filtration, processing of binary images, and qualitative and meaningful separation of the boundaries of objects of interest. To solve the task of highlighting road marking contours on images acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle, a method has been devised that includes an operational tool for image preprocessing – a combined filter. The method has several advantages and eliminates the limitations of known methods in determining the boundaries of the location of the object of interest, by highlighting the contours of a cluster of points using histograms. The method and procedures reported here make it possible to successfully solve problems that are largely similar to those that an expert person can face when solving intelligent tasks of processing and filtering information. The proposed method was verified at an enterprise producing the Ukrainian unmanned aerial vehicle "Spectator" during tests of information technology of dynamic monitoring of the state of transport infrastructure. The results could be implemented in promising intelligent control systems in the field of modeling human conscious behavior when sorting data required for the perception of environmental features
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Mendonça Filho, Alberto Hora, and Clara Cardoso Machado Jaborandy. "Measure for measure? judicial protagonism in Brazil, Beccaria’s fear, and the criminal procedure as constitutional instrumentality." ANAMORPHOSIS - Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura 5, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21119/anamps.51.253-275.
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This paper’s main objective is to present, based on the Shakespearean play “Measure for Measure”, and the hermeneutical observations of Cesare Beccaria, the necessity of rethinking the role of the court in the criminal procedure. In order to do so, a qualitative research was adopted, as well as a bibliographical-documentary analysis, insofar as it dealt with scientific articles and doctrinal texts, as well as legislative documents and judicial decisions, using the deductive method. The undeniable contribution of literature to the juridical science is thus made visible, as it makes possible a strong critical subversion, besides portraying cultures and also working with interpretation. In this sense, after the synthesis of the Shakespearean plot, two models of judgments, objectivist and subjectivist, were visualized, which facilitates the debate about the magistrate’s role in the criminal process. This same logic was applied by Beccaria in “On Crimes and Punishments”, in which the author dismissed any kind of judicial voluntarism, and attributed to the judge the obedient execution of the written law. Thus, it was found that, since the constitutional reading of the criminal process is intrinsic to democracy, it is incumbent upon the magistrate to construct and maintain the process as a space for effecting guarantees and rights of the accused, so as to be a true spectator. Finally, the excessive emphasis on court decision results in a real disassociation with the accusatory system, as, by ignoring the semantic limits of the legal text, except in the case of constitutionality / conventionality control or in favor of the defendant, it performs a vulgar arbitration, which undermines the constitutional instrumentality.
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Liu, Jiaqing, Liang Lyu, Shurong Chai, Huimin Huang, Fang Wang, Tomoko Tateyama, Lanfen Lin, and Yenwei Chen. "Augmented Reality Visualization and Quantification of COVID-19 Infections in the Lungs." Electronics 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2024): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061158.
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact globally, and the understanding of the disease’s clinical features and impacts remains insufficient. An important metric to evaluate the severity of pneumonia in COVID-19 is the CT Involvement Score (CTIS), which is determined by assessing the proportion of infections in the lung field region using computed tomography (CT) images. Interactive augmented reality visualization and quantification of COVID-19 infection from CT allow us to augment the traditional diagnostic techniques and current COVID-19 treatment strategies. Thus, in this paper, we present a system that combines augmented reality (AR) hardware, specifically the Microsoft HoloLens, with deep learning algorithms in a user-oriented pipeline to provide medical staff with an intuitive 3D augmented reality visualization of COVID-19 infections in the lungs. The proposed system includes a graph-based pyramid global context reasoning module to segment COVID-19-infected lung regions, which can then be visualized using the HoloLens AR headset. Through segmentation, we can quantitatively evaluate and intuitively visualize which part of the lung is infected. In addition, by evaluating the infection status in each lobe quantitatively, it is possible to assess the infection severity. We also implemented Spectator View and Sharing a Scene functions into the proposed system, which enable medical staff to present the AR content to a wider audience, e.g., radiologists. By providing a 3D perception of the complexity of COVID-19, the augmented reality visualization generated by the proposed system offers an immersive experience in an interactive and cooperative 3D approach. We expect that this will facilitate a better understanding of CT-guided COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, as well as improved patient outcomes.
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Mu, Chong. "Digitalization and Information Management Mechanism of Sports Events Based on Cooperative Sensing Model of Multisensor Nodes." Journal of Sensors 2022 (January 6, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6467305.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides an in-depth study and analysis of the optimization of sports event management systems using wireless sensor networks. Aiming at the monitoring task of a directed wireless sensor network in a three-dimensional environment, the directed sensing nodes scattered inside the designated monitoring area in a random deployment manner usually have uneven distribution and other problems; we analyze the characteristics of the directed sensor nodes, probabilistic sensing model, and the cooperative sensing model of multiple sensor nodes for monitoring target points and propose a sensing optimization strategy in polar coordinates to guide the three-dimensional plane directed orientation adjustment and sensing optimization of sensor nodes, thus enhancing the sensing capability of network nodes. The experimental results confirm that the algorithm can improve the coverage of the area to be monitored and the quality of sensing service, and it reduces the overall energy consumption of the network by using the distributed node synchronization scheduling mechanism to extend the life cycle of the network to maintain good monitoring capability under the premise of the limited total usage of the directed nodes in wireless sensor networks. The application of wireless sensor network technology in sports competition management mainly includes the application of smart wearable devices in sports competition training, the application of goal-line technology in sports competition, and the application of eagle eye technology in sports events, all three technologies have certain advantages in the application of sports competition, and all of their help to promote the improvement of sports event management and the development of sports industry; the second aspect is wireless sensor. The second aspect is the application of wireless sensor network technology in sports event information management, which is mainly used to collect information related to sports events and fully utilize it to make sports event management more informative and digital, which is helpful to improve the level of sports event management; the third aspect is the application of wireless sensor network technology in sports event stadium management, which is mainly based on intelligent stadiums to create a more spectator-friendly and good experience for the audience, a more ornamental and good experience viewing place, to promote the development and growth of sports industry.
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Lovatt, Philippa. "Carceral soundscapes. Sonic violence and embodied experience in film about imprisonment." SoundEffects - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Sound and Sound Experience 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/se.v5i1.23313.
Full textAbstract:
Post 9/11 the ‘invisibility’ of political prisoners as part of the ‘war on terror’ has had a direct correlation with the concealment of abusive treatment of detainees in the detention camps at Guantánamo Bay and Abu Ghraib. Details of these abuse scandals have indicated that there has been a notable shift away from the optical towards the sonic as a form of punishment and torture, with accounts of detainees being subjected to rock music played for prolonged periods at excruciating volumes (Smith, 2008). Addressing a number of key concerns – sound and phe- nomenology, sound and the ethics of spectatorship, sound and the experience/intensification of confinement, sound as a (potential) mode of resistance/control – this paper will investigate the use of sound in cinematic depictions of imprisonment including A Man Escaped (Bresson, 1956), Hunger (McQueen, 2008) and Zero Dark Thirty (Bigelow, 2012). The aim is to explore how an auditory perspective might complicate previously held ocularcentric conceptions of power in penal institutions (Foucault, 1977) and to examine how this experience of sound is represented on screen. The essay also considers how sound design can bridge the distance between self and other, and align the spectator emotionally, ethically and politically with a film’s characters. The essay thus proposes that an ethical spectatorship may require cinematic auditors to listen more critically, and it claims that a better understanding of the fundamental role that sound and listening play in the articulation and recognition – or indeed, disavowal – of the subjectivity of prisoners within these narratives may lead to an increased awareness of the politics of aesthetics of individual films. The essay concludes by suggesting that the field of sound studies creates further opportunities for research that explores these important questions about representation, spectatorship and ethics from a range of disciplinary perspectives.
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Harris, Susan Cannon. "Clearing the Stage: Gender, Class, and the Freedom of the Scenes in Eighteenth-Century Dublin." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (October 2004): 1264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101737.
Full textAbstract:
This essay investigates the conditions and consequences of Thomas Sheridan's attempt to bar spectators from behind the scenes at the Theatre-Royal in Dublin's Smock Alley. Sheridan succeeded in revoking the “freedom of the scenes”—a privilege by which aristocratic men were allowed to roam the green room, dressing rooms, and stage during the performance—because Dublin was the cultural and political center of a colonial society whose members were struggling for control over the spaces outside the theater. The reform provoked a conflict known as the Kelly riots, which began with a spectator's attempted rape of an actress in Sheridan's production of John Vanbrugh's Aesop. Contextualizing the Kelly riots in the political and cultural situation of eighteenth-century Ireland, this article illuminates the role that the theater plays in the construction of subjectivity and in the interrelation among gender, class, and national identities.