Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectres haute résolution'
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Herlemont, François. "Contribution à des études de spectroscopie haute résolution par laser à C02 guide d'onde." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10095.
Full textStarikova, Eugeniya. "Contribution à l'étude des états excités rovibrationnels de D2O et O3 par l'analyse de spectres infrarouges haute résolution." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001025.pdf.
Full textThis work presents the studies of the excited rovibrational states of D2O and O3 by the analyses of the high resolution spectra. The first part is dedicated to the D2160 isotopologue of the water molecule. The emission spectra have been recorded in the 320-520 cm-1 and 1800-5600 cm-1 spectral ranges. For the first time, the emission spectra at high temperature (1000-2000 K) have also been recorded. To correctly reproduce the set of the observed excited rovibrational states, the effective Hamiltonian uses the G-function. Our studies provide new information concerning the excited rovibrational states, as well as the spectroscopic assignment. The second part is dedicated to the 1803 isotopologue of the ozone molecule. The CRDS spectra have been recorded in the 5900-7000 cm-1 spectral range. The higher observed energy levels correspond to 82% of the dissociation energy of the molecule. The observations have been modelled by effective Hamiltonians including a large number of resonances between interacting vibrational states. These CRDS spectra allowed to study the isotopic shifts in vibrational levels of ozone du to the homogeneous substitution 1603-1803
Chichery, Arnaud. "Analyse des spectres infrarouges haute résolution des formes isotopiques de l'ozone. Application aux études atmosphériques." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS019.
Full textMahmoudi, Asaïd. "Etude des spectres infrarouges à haute résolution des bandes de V2, de D20, HD0 et N02." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066271.
Full textLavergne, Jean-Louis. "Imagerie chimique à haute résolution spatiale "images-spectres" : Application à la caractérisation des cristaux composites d'halogénures d'argent." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDL0036.
Full textRoucou, Anthony. "Spectroscopie haute résolution de spectres rotationnellement denses dédiée à la détection en phase gazeuse de molécules d'intérêt environnemental et défense." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0482/document.
Full textIn recent decades, molecular spectroscopy has benefited from the progress of spectrometers, particularly in terms of selectivity and sensitivity, and from the continuous advancement of the analysis methods and quantum chemistry calculations. Today, rational spectroscopy is moving towards the analysis of more complex molecular systems spectrally characterized by a high density of lines. The spectral congestion of the species studied in this thesis is not only explained by low rotational constants, but also by the presence of vibrational states excited at room temperature, a high isotopic richness, a high degree of line splitting due to large amplitude motions or by a complex conformational landscape. This thesis thus illustrates various scenarios through the studies of thionyl chloride, nitrotoluenes and methoxyphenols. The rovibrational spectra of the v2 and v5 bands of the isotopologues of thionyl chloride were measured in far-infrared at the SOLEIL synchroton and analyzed using a semi-automatic approach based on evolutionary algorithms. The isomers of nitrotoluene have been targeted for military application as explosive taggants (TNT), the pure rotation spectra were measured in the microwave region in molecular jet and in the millimeter-wave region at room temperature. The millimeter-wave spectrum of 3-nitrotoluene was especially weak and congested with very large internal rotation splittings (up to several GHz) due to a very weak rotational barrier (V3=6.7659(24)cmˉ ¹). The detection limit was estimated and a linelist established. The 2-nitrotoluene and 4-nitrotoluene millimeter-wave spectra have been also partially analyzed. Finally, methoxyphenols emitted during biomass fires have also been studied as they are secondary organic aerosol precursors for their future atmospheric detection. Combined with quantum chemistry calculations, the analysis of the millimeter-wave spectrum of the 3-methoxyphenol measured at room temperature permitted the relative stability of four conformers to be determined
Cottaz-Coqueblin, Claire. "Spectroscopie infrarouge à haute résolution de la molécule d'ammoniac 14NH3 dans la région de 4 à 8 mum : constitution d'une base de données pour l'analyse des spectres planétaires." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066118.
Full textRolland, Philippe. "Etude par diffusion Raman antiStockes cohérente de gaz comprimés : montage d'une chaîne de mesures sous choc et spectres haute résolution de N2 gaz sous hautes pressions." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10560.
Full textRousseau, Kathleen. "Développement de nouveaux outils pour l’analyse métabolomique par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution : de l’acquisition de spectres MS/MS pour l’identification large-spectre de métabolites au marquage isotopique pour la quantification." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF006.
Full textMetabolomics is a relatively new science that studies molecules with a molecular weight below 1.5 kDa, present in a given biological matrix. It is the last link in the "omics" sciences and represents the ultimate response of an organism to factors that disrupt its functioning. Today, many developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC/HRMS) aim at improving the detection, identification and quantification of metabolites but also at increasing the robustness of the analyses. This PhD thesis took place in that context. One of its main objectives was to develop methods allowing the simultaneous acquisition of MS and MS/MS spectra via analyses in "Data Dependent Acquisition" and "Data Independent Acquisition" modes. These methods allowed the production of data with the same sensitivity as the traditional "Full Scan" analysis while providing more precise and relevant information for further metabolite identification. These methodological developments were applied to an inter-laboratory study as part of a European project. The other major objective of this PhD was to set-up strategies for the large-scale quantification of metabolites in biological samples. To do so, the production and characterization of isotopically labeled internal standards were investigated. Thus, chemical synthesis methods relying on H/D exchange was evaluated and enabled the production of a large panel of labeled compounds. Their isotopic pattern exploitation allowed the development of an innovative quantitative approach by multi-point internal calibration. This method was compared to the conventional isotope dilution approach. At last, isotope profiling was applied to the preliminary analysis of mouse urine samples obtained from mice that were in vivo labeled with carbone-13. The aims were to study the C-13 incorporation kinetics in targeted metabolites, but also to annotate and identify new metabolites. Overall, the set of developments carried out during this thesis have allowed to reach a better level of identification of metabolites and to improve their quantification
Inard, Daniel. "Analyse rotationnelle haute résolution de trois états électroniques de l'iode moléculaire et caractérisation d'un état métastable de l'ozone." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10174.
Full textMahi, Lhassane. "Nouvelles techniques d'aide à l'analyse des spectres RMN haute résolution : découplage total - J-démodulation - mesures et réduction apparente des couplages scalaires J." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10243.
Full textBosch, Emmanuel. "Spectroscopie électronique de CuCl2 par transformée de Fourier haute résolution : étude rovibrationnelle isotopique et modélisation de l'effet Renner-Teller dans l'état fondamental." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10171.
Full textGomes, Jean-Thomas. "Mise en place de processus de génération de somme de fréquences optiques large bande dediés à l'imagerie haute résolution pour l'astronomie." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/d7f4b140-9282-4d2e-ad20-b07c795d3a78/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4012.pdf.
Full textStellar interferometers dedicated to high angular resolution imaging are powerful instruments that allow an extensive study of our Universe. This thesis describes a new instrument, called sum frequency generation interferometer, dedicated to the spatio-temporal coherence analysis of infrared radiations in the visible domain around 630nm thanks to frequency shift processes. This frequency shift is achieved through a sum frequency generation process, supplied by a laser source at 1064 nm, in the PPLN crystals placed on each arm of the interferometer. The first part of this thesis provides the theoretical elements needed for the understanding of the present work. The second part concerns the design, the realization and the characterization of a sum frequency generation interferometer suitable for the analysis of broadband infrared sources. The third part presents the experimental temporal coherence analysis of such a source. It ends by the experimental demonstration of the spatial coherence analysis of an artificial thermal source in the photon counting regime. The last part deals with the possibility to extend the spectral bandwidth of the interferometer and shows the appearance of a frequency spectral compression effect through the PPLN crystals. It concludes with the proposed implementation of a sum frequency generation interferometer on the CHARA telescope array and provides an estimation of the limiting magnitude reached by combining this instrument to different configurations of the interferometer
Vernay, Ophélie. "Apport de la RMN haute résolution solide pour la caractérisation de verres biocompatibles." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859625.
Full textGruet, Sébastien. "Exploitation du rayonnement synchrotron pour l’étude à haute résolution dans l’infrarouge lointain d’hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et de petites molécules protonées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS049/document.
Full textThis thesis was conducted with the “Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay” on the AILES beamline at the synchrotron facility SOLEIL. The subject of this thesis deals with the high-resolution spectroscopy of molecules in the far infrared which have an astrophysical interest. Two different groups of molecules were investigated: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and light protonated molecules. The rotation-vibration spectra of these molecules have been recorded with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer using the synchrotron radiation extracted by the AILES beamline as an infrared continuum source.Concerning PAH molecules, the spectra of quinoxaline, quinazoline, [1,5]-naphthyridine, [1,6]-naphthyridine and indole were obtained at room temperature with a long optical path cell. The rotationally resolved vibrational bands were analyzed by the ground state combination differences technique because each mode has a particularly large spectral density. Anharmonic DFT calculations were also performed to support our analysis. Preliminary results obtained with the supersonic jet experiment available on the AILES beamline (Jet-AILES) on the fluorene and phenanthrene molecules with three aromatic rings.For the protonated molecules, the spectra were recorded using a discharge cell in a "hollow cathode" configuration. The cathode which can be cooled down to liquid nitrogen temperature has been developed during this thesis. The spectra of rotation-vibration of six cations (H3+, N2H+, HCO+, ArH+, KrH+ and XeH+) were recorded in the mid-infrared (1400 to 4000 cm-1) and the pure rotational spectrum in the far infrared for four of them (N2H+, ArH+, KrH+, XeH+). The KrH+ and XeH+ spectra which contained many transitions belonging to several isotopologues in natural abundance have been analyzed with a Dunham Hamiltonian to treat all isotopologues. Promising preliminary results in terms of selectivity and sensitivity are also presented concerning the establishment of a phase sensitive detection system associated with a concentration modulation of the reactive species produced in the discharge cell.The results reported in this manuscript could be used to allow the detection and the quantification of species present in the interstellar medium by comparison with astronomical observation data
Montandon, Véronique. "Un modèle neuronal pour la simulation opérationnelle des radiances observées par l'interféromètre spatial à haute résolution spectrale IASI." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066442.
Full textEremenko, Maxim. "Inversion des spectres infrarouges à haute résolution spectrale enregistrés en absorption à partir de ballons stratosphériques : ajustement global de grands domaines spectraux : inversion multi-paramètres (espèces moléculaires)." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066109.
Full textTine, Modou. "Etude à haute résolution des spectres infrarouges d'un isotope rare HTO de la vapeur d'eau et des états excités de H2Te présentant un comportement en modes locaux." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112206.
Full textIn the first part of this thesis an analysis of the high-resolution spectrum of the HTO molecule nu3 band, from 3500 to 3890 cm-1, was undertaken. The rotational transitions of this band were assigned using combination differences. Their wavenumbers were analyzed with a least squares fit program in order to obtain spectroscopic parameters. A perturbing state was evidenced. With a view towards building a spectroscopic data base for this band, a calculation of the dipole moment function was undertaken. In the second part of this thesis, an analysis of the high-resolution spectrum of H2Te was carried out in the 4500 to 6000 cm-1 region. Two vibrational bands were observed which were assigned as the (30±,0) ? (00+,0) et (20±,1) ? (00+,0) bands. Rotational transitions were afterwards assigned. For the (30±,0) ? (00+,0) band, wavenumbers could be reproduced using only one set of rotational constants plus a Coriolis coupling term for the the upper vibrational state. In agreement with local mode theory, this clearly shows that the (30±,0) states displays a local mode behavior. This was not the case for the (20±,1) states characterized by lower energies
Elkeurti, Mohamed. "Etude des spectres haute résolution de plusieurs molécules non-rigides : inversion dans les variétés partiellement deutérées de l’ammoniac 15NH2D et 15ND2H, et rotation interne dans la variété monodeutérée de l’acételdéhyde CH3COD." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066586.
Full textThe high-resolution absroption spectra of the three non-rigid molecules 15NH2D, 15ND2H et CH3COD have been studies. Concerning the two first molecules, their rotation-inversion and vibration-inversion-rotation spectra have been analyzed and more than 700 transitions were assigned for each molecules. The analysis of these data led to the determination of the inversion splittings, of the rotational constants, and of the rotation-inversion coupling parameters. Concerning CH3COD, its rotation-torsion spectrum has been studied and more than 2500 transtions were assigned in the microwave and far infrared spectra. The analysis of these data allowed us to obtain the height of the hindering barrier to internal rotation. For the three molecules, spectroscopic databases for astrophysical purpose have been built
Fumel, Aurélie. "Astérosismologie des étoiles pré-séquence principale de masse intermédiaire (étoiles Ae de Herbig) par une approche spectroscopique de haute-résolution." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1523/.
Full textHerbig Ae/Be stars are pre-main sequence stars of intermediate mass (2-10 Msun) showing signs of intense activity and strong winds. The origin of their tremendous activity is still not understood in the frame of current theoretical evolutionary models. As of today, growing observational evidences tend to indicate that the energy needed to produce this activity might be of internal origin, but no definite answer has been provided. Solving this still open question is a major concern for testing young stellar evolutionary theory. This could be done by constraining the internal structure of these objects using asteroseismic techniques, i. E. The observation, analysis and modeling of stellar pulsation frequencies and modes. Such a study implies to caracterise and to constrain the theoretical PMS instability strip that Herbig stars cross for a significant fraction of their evolution to the main sequence. Having this aim, I studied first the prototype Ae Herbig star HD 104237. I carried a study of its photospheric fundamental parameters, which was necessary for a further asteroseismic modelling. The analysis of the photospheric line profile variations of this star confirmed the presence of multi-periodic oscillations and enabled the detection of several non-radial pulsations. I could identify some of the pulsation modes and modelled these pulsations in an adiabatic framework. This has supplied interesting leads about the excitation mechanism of the observed pulsations of HD 104237. I then extended my study to 4 others Herbig stars that were observed with HARPS (ESO) in the course of my thesis. Preliminary results of the asteroseismic analysis are presented in my manuscript
Roudjane, Mourad. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des spectres d'émission et d'absorption VUV des molécules H2, D2 et HD." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00208073.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse est d'effectuer une étude expérimentale à haute résolution des spectres d'émission et d'absorption des isotopes D2 et HD de l'hydrogène moléculaire dans le VUV et de la compléter par une étude théorique des états électroniques excités en relation avec les transitions observées. Une telle étude avait été effectuée dans notre laboratoire et avait abouti à la réalisation d'un atlas VUV dans le domaine 78-170 nm.
Les spectres d'émission de HD et D2 sont produits par une source à décharge Penning opérant sous faible pression, et sont enregistrés dans la région spectrale 78 -170 nm à l'aide du spectrographe sous vide de 10 mètres à haute résolution (~ 150 000) de l'Observatoire de Meudon, soit sur plaques photographiques, soit sur des écrans phosphore photostimulables pour mesure d'intensités. Les spectres enregistrés contiennent plus de 20 000 raies. Les longueurs d'onde sont mesurées avec une précision de Δλ/λ= 10-6.Les raies des molécules D2 et H2 étant inévitablement présentes dans le spectre de HD, nous avons d'abord cherché à réaliser l'analyse du spectre de D2, qui consiste à identifier et à assigner les raies aux transitions électroniques entre des niveaux d'énergie de la molécule.
Nous avons par ailleurs réalisé une étude en absorption des molécules HD et D2 au Centre Laser LCVU d'Amsterdam. Nous avons mesuré par spectroscopie laser à deux photons 1XUV+1UV, de nouvelles longueurs d'onde avec une précision inégalée de Δλ/λ= 10-8 dans le domaine spectral 99.9-104 nm permis par l'accordabilité du laser XUV.
Ces nouvelles longueurs d'ondes constitueront une base de données de raies de référence pour la calibration des spectres moléculaires, mais leurs intérêts ne s'arrêtent pas au laboratoire. En effet, les nouvelles raies de HD mesurées par spectroscopie laser, ajoutées aux raies de H2 déjà mesurées avec une précision similaire, seront utilisées comme référence pour mettre en évidence une possible variation cosmologique du rapport de masse proton-électron μ= mp/me, par comparaison avec des longueurs d'onde de raies de H2 ou de HD observées dans les spectres d'absorption de quasars à grands déplacements vers le rouge. Cette étude nécessite la connaissance des coefficients de sensibilité des longueurs d'onde par rapport à la possible variation de μ, que nous avons calculés par la résolution d'un système d'équations couplées pour les états électroniques B, B', C et D de la molécule H2 et HD pour diverses valeurs de μ.
Durant ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes également intéressés à des transitions entre états libres-libres et états libres-liés de la molécule H2. Ces transitions se produisent lors d'une collision H-H formant une quasi-molécule et sont responsables de l'apparition de satellites dans l'aile des raies de l'atome d'hydrogène. Nous avons effectué une étude quantique du satellite quasi-moléculaire de la raie Lymanβ et calculé le profil d'absorption du satellite en fonction de la température. Cette variation est un outil important de diagnostic pour la détermination des caractéristiques des atmosphères des naines blanches.
Attafi, Yosra. "Étude des effets des collisions dans les spectres infrarouges de CH₃I, molécule d’intérêt atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7086.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript is devoted to the study of the effects of collisions in the infrared spectra of CH₃I, which is an important source of iodine, which is a catalyst for ozone destruction. Good modelling of its absorption spectrum is therefore essential for atmospheric concentration measurements. In international databases, the band ν6 is not mentioned due to the lack of spectroscopic parameters. Being very intense and localized in the atmospheric window of 11 μm, the ν6 band could be used for future IR detection of CH₃I, by instruments probing in the IR, such as the IASI-NG instrument under preparation. But first, it is necessary to provide the spectroscopic parameters of CH₃I, using laboratory spectroscopy. It is in this context that our work has been carried out. The manuscript consists of five parts. The first part concerns the spectroscopic properties of the CH3I molecule. The second part is dedicated to the apparatus, with a description of the Bruker IFS125HR FTIR spectrometer. In the third part, we present the results of the line intensities and self-broadening coefficients that are extracted from the recorded spectra. The fourth part presents the results obtained on N₂, O₂ broadening and shift coefficients. The last part is devoted to the interpretation of the collisional widening measurements, previously obtained using theoretical calculations. The dependence of these parameters on the quantum numbers J and K has been studied
Rachet, Florent. "Etude à très haute résolution des paramètres des raies spectrales." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066187.
Full textGrec, Catherine. "Étude à haute résolution angulaire de la granulation photosphérique solaire par une technique interspectrale." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4109.
Full textThe sun is a unique in situ laboratory, and solar physics plays an essential role in the domain of astrophysics, particles and high energies physics. To understand the convectives and magnetic properties of solar-type stars, as well as the solar activity, variability, and its influence on the earth environment, a global knowledge of our star is necessary, from its core to its high atmosphere. The visible surface layers of the quiet sun are analysed here thanks to a new super-resolving interspectral technique, inspired by the differential interferometry methods developed in stellar physics. This approach serves for testing a 3d magneto-hydrodynamic simulation of the solar granulation coupled with multi-dimensional radiative transfer calculations. It may also constrain inversion codes used for studying quiet sun magnetic fields. Observations of the granulation realized with THEMIS and HINODE show that granular structures visible at different photospheric depths appear displaced on the solar disk. This 3-dimensional effect is detected by cross-correlating monochromatic images obtained out of the solar disk center, and for successive wavelengths across a line profile. Once line profile distortions produced by granular velocity fields are corrected, we estimate the difference of formation depths of the continuous and different spectral lines (Fel 630 nm, Fel 557. 6 nm), as well as the difference of the 630 nm doublet line cores formation depths. Furthermore, we point out of the fact the combination of Doppler line shifts due to horizontal velocities, and mid-photospheric reversed granulation, could affect granules appearance all over the solar disk
Bouchard, Simon. "Localisation haute-résolution de sources sonores à raies spectrales non-stationnaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38223.
Full textMahmoud, Ali. "Analyseur de spectre à haute résolution : Apllication à la mesure des oscillateurs ultrastables." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2004.
Full textMasson, Théo. "Fusion de données de télédétection haute résolution pour le suivi de la neige." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT112/document.
Full textRemote sensing acquisitions have complementary characteristics in terms of spatial and temporal resolution and can measure different aspects of snow cover (e.g., surface physical properties and snow type). By combining several acquisitions, it should be possible to obtain a precise and continuous monitoring of the snow. However, this task has to face the complexity of processing satellite images and the possible confusion between different materials observed. In particular, the estimation of fractional information, i.e., the amount of snow in each pixel, requires to know the proportion of the materials present in a scene. These proportions can be obtained performing spectral unmixing. The challenge is then to effectively exploit the information of different natures that are provided by the multiple acquisitions in order to produce accurate snow maps.Three main objectives are addressed by this thesis and can be summarized by the three following questions:- What are the current limitations of state-of-the-art techniques for the estimation of snow cover extent from optical observations?- How to exploit a time series for coping with the spectral variability of materials?- How can we take advantage of multimodal acquisitions from optical sensors for estimating snow cover maps?A complete study of the various snow products from the MODIS satellite is proposed. It allows the identification of numerous limitations, the main one being the high rate of errors during the estimation of the snow fraction (approximately 30%).The experimental analysis allowed to highlight the sensitivity of the spectral unmixing methods against the spectral variability of materials.Given these limitations, we have exploited the MODIS time series to propose a new endmembers estimation approach, addressing a critical step in spectral unmixing. The low temporal evolution of the medium (except snow) is then used to constrain the estimation of the endmembers not only on the image of interest, but also on images of the previous days. The effectiveness of this approach, although demonstrated here, remains limited by the spatial resolution of the sensor.Data fusion has been considered aiming at taking advantage of multiple acquisitions with different characteristics in term of resolution available on the same scene. Given the limitations of the actual methods in the case of multispectral sensors, a new fusion approach has been proposed. Through the formulation of a new model and its resolution, the fusion between optical sensors of all types can be achieved without consideration of their characteristics. The various experiments on the estimation of snow maps show a clear interest of a better spatial resolution to isolate the snow covered areas. The improvement in spectral resolution will improve future approaches based on spectral unmixing.This work explores the new possibilities of development for the observation of snow, but also for the combined use of the satellite images for the observation of the Earth in general
Mees, Wim. "Contribution à l'analyse distribuée de scènes : application aux images satellitaires multi spectrales, haute résolution." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10282.
Full textDjath, Bughsin'. "Etude de la dynamique océanique de la mer des Salomon : modélisation numérique à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069989.
Full textBöhmler, Judith. "Well-controlled and well-described SAMs-based platforms for the study of material-bacteria interactions occuring at the molecular scale." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00847480.
Full textDubos, Sébastien. "Nouveau spectro-imageur CdTe à très haute résolution spatiale et spectrale pour l'astronomie X et gamma." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC159.
Full textThe thesis work presented in the manuscript corresponds to the first development phase of the MC2 project, an ambitious R & D effort to realize a new type of CdTe-based imaging spectrometer for future hard X- and gamma-rays astronomy missions. The objective is to achieve a 300 micron-pitch pixelated detector plane hybrided with a very low noise front-end electronics for a total pixel density multiplied by 4 compared to the most advanced system recently available in the laboratory (Caliste HD module). Moreover, thanks to the joint development of reading circuits adapted to the interconnection of pixelated detectors with low capacitance and low leakage current, spectroscopic performances of such system are assumed to approach inherent limitations of the CdTe detector, specifically for the lowest energies. My work was organized in parallel and complementary areas: evaluation of current systems, feedback and identification of issues associated with the development of highly-resolved detection planes, implementation and complete characterization of a new two-dimensional ASIC specifically developed for this application, and modelling and study of the associated sensor to optimize the design of the detector pattern. Finally, a first hybrid prototype was completed and first experimental tests thereby conducted
Simon, Chane Camille. "Intégration de systèmes d'acquisition de données spatiales et spectrales haute résolution, dans le cadre de la génération d'informations appliquées à la conservation du patrimoine." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS008/document.
Full textThe concern and interest of this PhD thesis is the registration of featureless 3D and multispectral datasets describing cultural heritage objects.In this context, there are few natural salient features between the complementary datasets, and the use of targets is generally proscribed.We thus develop a technique based on the photogrammetric tracking of the acquisition systems in use.A series of simulations was performed to evaluate the accuracy of our method in three configurations chosen to represent a variety of cultural heritage objects.These simulations show that we can achieve a spatial tracking accuracy of 0.020 mm and an angular accuracy of 0.100 mrad using four 5 Mpx cameras when digitizing an area of 400 mm x 700 mm. The accuracy of the final registration relies on the success of a series of optical and geometrical calibrations and their stability for the duration of the full acquisition process.The accuracy of the tracking and registration was extensively tested in laboratory settings. We first evaluated the potential for multiview 3D registration. Then, the method was used for to project of multispectral images on 3D models.Finally, we used the registered data to improve the reflectance estimation from the multispectral datasets
Chane, Camille. "Intégration de systèmes d'acquisition de données spatiales et spectrales haute résolution, dans le cadre de la génération d'informations appliquées à la conservation du patrimoine." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909743.
Full textCladé, Sophie. "Synthèse d'ouverture optique pour l'observation à haute résolution du soleil : étude des systèmes de correction de front d'onde et de filtrage spectral de l'instrument." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112196.
Full textTo reach a high spatial resolution on solar observation, an interferometric system made of three telescopes is proposed. This optical aperture synthesis method let us improve the spatial resolution without being limited by the weight or the size of the instrument. Some pointing and cophasing systems are needed to keep a good image quality. High spectral resolution is reached with a system composed of 2 identical gratings. An optical bench has been installed in the Meudon Observatory to demonstrate the validity of the instrument's technical concepts. In this document, I first introduce the characteristics and the reasons of SOLARNET's technical concepts. In the second part, I present the optical bench and detail the alignment methods and their precisions. The third part is dedicated to the pointing system. I study the closed loop, do some simulations and experimental tests that show that the limited correction is due to the limited speed of the mirror. I then present the cophasing system that uses white light interferometric measurement. Simulation of this system show that there is a possible bias on the measure. If experimental tests confirm this bias, there should be an system to correct it. The results of my simulation give the basis to define this new system. In the last part of the document, I describe the optical study and the optimisation I made on the imaging spectrometric part of the instrument
Hadjara, Macinissa. "Observations et modélisations spectro-interférométriques longue base des étoiles et de leur environnement proche." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4008/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the results of rapidly rotating stars observations conducted on the AMBER spectro-interferometer VLTI in its high average spectral modes and resolutions. The measurements are estimated on three simultaneous visibility bases, differential phases depending on the wavelength and closure phases, with good coverage of the (u, v) plane for some nights. The data used are from several observation campaigns. These were highly degraded by the optical defects of AMBER, and assigned by standard optical interferometry long base IR noises: defects of the detector, reading noise, fringes follower instabilities, ... etc. Their analysis required the development of digital reduction of specific tools to achieve the necessary details to the interpretation of interferometric measurements. In interpreting these measures I developed a chromatic semi-analytical model of rapidly rotating star that allowed me to estimate, from the differential phases; the degree of flattening, the equatorial radius, speed of rotation, angle of inclination, the position angle of the star rotation axis in the sky, the local distribution of the actual temperature and the gravity to the surface of the star within the von Zeipel theorem. The results for four massive stars of spectral type B, A and F have allowed me to characterize the mechanisms discussed above and thus open framework for more systematic studies of similar objects subsequently extending these studies to the relationship photosphere circumstellar envelope
Massip, Pierre. "Fusion de données : prise en compte des caractéristiques liées à l'imageur lors de la synthèse d'images multispectrales à haute résolution spatiale." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564814.
Full textErudel, Thierry. "Caractérisation de la biodiversité végétale en milieu montagnard et de piedmont par télédétection : apport des données aéroportées à très hautes résolutions spatiales et spectrales." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESAE0018/document.
Full textThis thesis highlighted the interest of using data with very high spatial and spectral resolution for the characterization of plant biodiversity in mountain areas. On the one hand, it has been shown that (in situ or airborne) hyperspectral data can discriminate plant habitats in a mountain peatbog. The difficulty of this study comes from the strong heterogeneity that exists within a bog that has strong floristic gradients and the definition of habitat classes that group several plant species (sometimes common from one class to another). More specifically, this thesis made it possible to highlight that discrimination could be carried out according to three approaches starting from measures of similarity applied to the spectral signature by applying a supervised classification which takes into account local information (spectral indices of vegetation) or global information (different spectral domains). The best results to distinguish these different habitat classes are not obtained with the spectral signature but with transformed spectral signatures (CRDR) in the spectral range[350-1350 nm]. The spectral vegetation indices that have been selected from a non-exhaustive base, which characterizes other plant species, are also mainly located in this spectral range. Moreover, this thesis highlighted the interest of applying a classifier little used for classification but rather for dimension reduction (RLR). Fine mapping of habitats was also carried out using airborne hyperspectral data
Gobron, Olivier. "Lasers ultra-stables asservis sur trous-brûlés spectraux : développement en vue d'une application aux horloges optiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066034/document.
Full textOptical lattice clocks show impressive performances and are begining to raise the question of the redefinition of the SI second. In these systems, an ultra-stable laser is used as local oscillator to probe very narrow optical transitions of neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice. The ultime stability of these systems, determined by the number of atoms interrogated at each clock cycle, evaluated at a few 10−17/sqrt(tau) (where tau is the integration time), is currently not reached and is limited to a few 10−16/sqrt(tau) by the phase fluctuations of the probe laser. If the enhancement of the ultra-stable cavities, on which are currently stabilized the probe lasers, is widely studied, LNE-SYRTE has adopted a more recent approach where the frequency reference is a spectral hole burned in rare earth doped crystal cooled down at cryogenic temperature (around 4 K). A short term stability of a few 10−18 could be achieved. This thesis describes the construction of the experiment and present the results of a high resolution spectroscopy of narrow spectral holes (FWHM = 3.3 kHz) burned in the crystal Eu3+ : Y2SiO5. The influence of the closed cycle cryostat on the behaviour of the spectral holes is hightlighted and reduced. Finally, an original locking scheme based on a heterodyne detection of a spectral hole and a numerical lock program using FPGA in order to stabilize the laser frequency on the top of the narrow spectral hole is described and shows a short term stability of a few 10−14, which is a first promising result for the future of the project
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Full textTridon, Frédéric. "Mesure des précipitations à l'aide d'un radar en bande X non-cohérent à haute résolution et d'un radar en bande K à visée verticale. Application à l'étude de la variabilité des précipitations lors de la campagne COPS." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777843.
Full textCIUCIU, Philippe. "MÉTHODES MARKOVIENNES EN ESTIMATION SPECTRALE NON PARAMETRIQUES. APPLICATION EN IMAGERIE RADAR DOPPLER." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003664.
Full textVander, Auwera Jean. "Quantitative high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211133.
Full textAgrégation de l'enseignement supérieur, Orientation sciences
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Maaroufi, Nourhene. "Détermination des paramètres spectroscopiques des bandes v1 et v3 de NH3 par spectroscopie infrarouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC099.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine the parameters of the absorption lines of the ammonia molecule for atmospheric applications. In this regard, we measured, at room temperature, the intensities, the broadening and the shift coefficients of the lines of the bands v1, v3, 2v4, and 4v2 in the spectral region 3050-3600 cm-1 of self-disturbed NH3. These measurements were carried out in a large number of branches of these bands with very high precision using a high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (0.008 cm-1).These spectroscopic parameters were determined using a multi-pressure fitting technique using two different profiles: a Voigt profile and a Rosenkranz profile.The manuscript consists of five parts. The first part concerns the spectroscopic properties of ammonia. The second part is dedicated to the apparatus, with the description of the Bruker IFS125HR IRTF spectrometer. In the third part, we expose the results of the line intensities and self-broadenings of isolated lines, which are extracted from the recorded spectra, bands v1, v3, 2v4 and 4v2 of NH3. The fourth part presents the results obtained on line shifts and the interference effects between the components of the doublets of the v1 and v3 bands of NH3.To interpret the results of the line width measurements of the self-disturbed NH3 collisional system, we will present in chapter 5 the formalism adopted for the calculation of these widths. A comparison between the calculated and measured widths makes it possible to test the validity of the formalism used
Didriche, Keevin. "High resolution infrared spectroscopy: setting up an experiment to investigate small clusters." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210437.
Full textThe study of this subject however suffers from the lack of basic experimental data. The goal is therefore to produce clusters in the laboratory in concentration large enough to record their high resolution spectrum. This is the initial aim of the present thesis.
During this work, we have built and extensively tested a new experimental set-up called FANTASIO (``Fourier trANsform, Tunable diode and quadrupole mAss spectrometers interfaced to a Supersonic expansIOn'). With the help of this new device, various experiments on jet-cooled species have been performed.
The cartography of the supersonic expansion was established, using the mass spectrometer as a moving pressure probe. This enabled us to characterize the geometrical properties of the supersonic jet produced by circular and slit nozzles and to determine the position of the virtual nozzle. The effect of the axisymmetric expansion geometry on the R(0) lineshape in the nu_3 band of N_2O, recorded by FTIR, was also investigated.
The rotational temperature of the jet-cooled molecules was determined to be a few K by measuring the intensity of lines in spectra recorded by FTIR spectroscopy.
Vibrational energy transfer occuring in the expansion between N_2O molecules and different collision partners was investigated on the nu_2+nu_3-nu_2 band of N_2O, again using FTIR spectroscopy. The trend of these transfers was found to be related to the energy difference between the v_2=1 level of N_2O and the closest vibrational state in the collision partner, with the largest population.
The sensitivity of the set-up was enhanced by a factor of 5 by increasing the absorption path length, using a multipass system. A procedure to remove the residual gas contribution from the IR spectra was developped, based on the mass spectrometer. Thanks to this sensitivity increase, broadband absorption features of clusters were observed for a C_2H_2-Ar mixture in circular and slit expansions.
The optical sensitivity of FANTASIO was again increased by the implementation of the CW-CRDS system. The enhancement over FTIR was calculated to be over a factor 750. Thanks to this drastic improvement, spectral signatures of various clusters were recorded, such as C_2H_2-Ar, C_2H_2 multimers, C_2H_2-N_2O and C_2H_2-CO_2, at high resolution.
The role of clustering in generating unusual line shapes of acetylene in an axisymmetric expansion was investigated. We demonstrated that C_2H_2 aggregates produced in the expansion are responsible for central dips observed in the monomer absorption. These acetylene clusters thus appear to be formed in the centre of the expansion, while, unexpectedly, acetylene-Ar complexes are formed at the edge of the conical expansion.
Various research prospects were explored during this thesis thanks to the FANTASIO device, opening new research directions. FANTASIO is today operational and defines a useful tool to achieve the study of small clusters by infrared spectroscopy./
Le rôle des agrégats dans les atmosphères planétaires et dans le milieu interstellaire est potentiellement important. Cependant, les études sur ce sujet souffrent du manque de données expérimentales. Le but de cette thèse était de développer un dispositif expérimental efficace pour produire au laboratoire des agrégats en quantité suffisante pour permettre l'enregistrement de leur spectre infrarouge à haute résolution et donc l'étude de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques.
Durant ce travail, nous avons construit et testé un nouveau dispositif expérimental appelé FANTASIO, basé sur un jet supersonique couplé à un spectromètre de masse, un spectromètre à transformée de Fourier et un système CRDS. Grâce à cet appareillage, différentes expériences sur des molécules à basse température ont été menées.
L'expansion supersonique a été cartographiée en utilisant le spectromètre de masse comme une sonde de pression mobile. Cette cartographie nous a permis d'établir les propriétés géométriques des jets supersoniques produits par les orifices circulaire et de type fente, et de déterminer la position de l'orifice virtuel. L'effet de la géométrie de l'expansion sphérique sur le profil de la raie R(0) de la bande nu_3 de N_2O, enregistré par FTIR, a aussi été étudié.
Une température rotationnelle de quelques K a été déterminée pour les molécules refroidies en jet supersonique par mesure de la distribution d'intensité de raies dans les spectres enregistrés par FTIR.
Le transfert d'énergie vibrationnelle entre des molécules de N_2O et différents partenaires collisionnels a été étudié en analysant l'intensité de la bande nu_2+nu_3-nu_2 de N_2O, enregistré également par spectroscopie FTIR. Il a été trouvé que la tendance de ces transferts est liée à la différence d'énergie entre le niveau v_2=1 de N_2O et l'état vibrationnel le plus proche et le plus peuplé du partenaire collisionnel.
La sensibilité du dispositif a été augmentée d'un facteur 5 dû à l'allongement du chemin d'absorption, grâce à l'utilisation d'un système multipassage. Une procédure basée sur l'utilisation du spectromètre de masse et visant à enlever la contribution du gaz chaud résiduel dans les spectres infrarouges a été mise au point. Grâce à cette augmentation de sensibilité, des structures d'absorption non résolues d'agrégats ont été observées dans des expansions en trou et en fente d'un mélange de C_2H_2-Ar.
La sensibilité optique de FANTASIO a encore été augmentée par l'ajout au dispositif d'un système CW-CRDS. L'amélioration par rapport au spectromètre à transformée de Fourier a été calculée comme étant supérieure à un facteur 750. Grâce à cette importante amélioration, les signatures spectrales de divers agrégats, tels que C_2H_2-Ar, des multimères de C_2H_2, C_2H_2-N_2O et C_2H_2-CO_2, ont été enregistrées à haute résolution.
Le rôle de l'agrégation dans la génération de profils de raie inhabituels dans une expansion en trou de l'acétylène a été étudié. Nous avons démontré que les agrégats de C_2H_2 produits dans le jet supersonique sont responsables des creux observés dans le profil d'absorption du monomère. Ces agrégats apparaissent donc comme étant formés au centre de l'expansion, tandis que, de manière inattendue, les agrégats de C_2H_2-Ar sont formés aux bords de l'expansion conique.
Plusieurs idées de recherche ont été explorées durant cette thèse grâce au dispositif FANTASIO, ouvrant de nouvelles directions de recherche. FANTASIO est aujourd'hui opérationnel et se présente comme un outil utile dans l'étude des petits agrégats par spectroscopie infrarouge.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Qazi, Imtnan-Ul-Haque. "Luminance-Chrominance linear prediction models for color textures: An application to satellite image segmentation." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00574090.
Full textLacombe, Karine. "Réalisation de grands plans de détection pixélisés pour l'astronomie gamma : contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation du module XRDPIX pour l'instrument ECLAIRs sur la mission spatiale SVOM." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30326.
Full textECLAIRs, the hard X-ray imager of the Chinese-French SVOM mission, is dedicated to the detection and localization in near real-time of cosmic transient sources in the energy range from 4 to 150 keV. This instrument is a wide field camera, equipped with a detection plane paved with 6400 CdTe Schottky detectors, which allows to create hard X-ray images of the sky thanks to a localization system called "coded mask". The work presented in this manuscript details the design, the realization and the measurement of the performances of hybrid modules of 32 detectors read by an ASIC (called XRDPIX modules), which constitute the basic bricks of the detection plan, and which make it possible to reach unequalled performances for this type of instrument with a threshold in energy equal to 4 keV. After having posed the problem of detection of transient cosmic sources in X-rays, based on the astrophysical context of the SVOM mission, and then detailed its main instrument, I present, in this thesis, my work on the realization of large pixelated detection plans for gamma-ray astronomy, with in particular my contribution to the study and the realization of the XRDPIX module. The development of the XRDPIX modules, calls for both a low noise design and the use of innovative technologies. The CdTe detectors are biased down to -450V and regulated at low temperature (nominally 20°C) in order to minimize the leakage current and to limit the polarization effects. The low energy threshold required for the space mission is reached thanks to a thorough characterization of the elements constituting the 200 flight XRDPIX, which form the ECLAIRs camera. I present in detail the physical and technological characteristics of these modules, the various stages of their development, justifying the solutions and technical compromises that have marked their manufacture. Then, based on an abundant statistical sample, obtained during the numerous tests and qualifications carried out on several hundreds of modules and sub-modules, I present the results of measurements which demonstrate the excellent performances of the XRDPIX module, in terms of spectral resolution, low energy threshold, gain and counting. Additional studies are also shown, in order to complete the validation of the XRDPIX by analyzing the influence of various physical parameters on the performances, such as temperature. In conclusion, thanks to these abundant data analyses, and to models of the total equivalent noise, I propose optimal settings for two key configuration parameters: the bias value for the high voltage and the peaking time, which allow to obtain the 4 keV energy threshold required by the SVOM mission, with a good uniformity on the whole detection plane. Finally, I present this feedback, coupled with the study of the key parameters that determine the sensitivity of a wide field imager in the hard X-ray domain (detection area, energy range, field of view, ...), which leads me to propose avenues for the realization of ambitious instruments with significant gains in sensitivity in the future
González, Emmanuel. "Étude de systèmes de bandes d'absorption de complexes du nickel (II) : considérations théoriques sur l'influence des interactions entre états électroniques et du couplage entre modes normaux." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17984.
Full textPerevalov, Boris. "Le spectre d'absorption du dioxyde de carbone dans le proche infrarouge (1.4-1.7 µm) : Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, modélisation globale et bases de données." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600074.
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