Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution'
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Quinton, Loïc. "Caractérisation de toxines peptidiques par spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002201.
Full textSalque-Moreton, Guillaume. "Etude d'aérosol atmosphérique par spectrométrie de masse à très haute résolution." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU013/document.
Full textAtmospheric aerosol has an important impact on the radiative balance of Earth. Organics compounds represent the major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles; a large part is still not well characterized. A detailed understanding of the sources, transformations processes and fates of organics aerosols is needed. This work investigates the ability of the ESI-Orbitrap to characterize organics molecules of aerosol. Firstly, experimental and analytical methods were developed to unveil mechanistic ambiguities that were previously shown. Methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) (the two main gas phase atmospheric oxidation products of isoprene) were known to form oligomers and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) upon aqueous phase OHoxidation and subsequent water evaporation. For the two precursors, ESI-MS analysis of the reacting solutions brought clear evidence for the formation of oligomer systems having a mass range of up to 1400 Da.. Taking advantage of the regularities observed in the oligomer systems, the ESI-HRMS data were used to propose stoichiometries for more than 75% of the observed signal. Moreover, we show here that MACR oligomers aging give rise to HULIS production. In addition, global estimates of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation flux show that current descriptions miss a large fraction of the sources. This gaping underestimation has been linked to a poor understanding of aerosol functionalization in the atmosphere and lead to the formation of a new conceptual framework for the description of the aerosol, based on volatility versus polarity plots. This new framework is almost exclusively based on High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer(HR-Tof-AMS) data, as this instrument gives access to average H:C, N:C and O:C ratios for the bulk aerosol. The AMS estimates for O:C and H:C ratios are thus based on heavy fragmentation of organics followed by stoichiometry attribution on those fragments. Given the resolution of the HR-ToF-AMS, such an attribution is not feasible above a certain mass, making fragmentation a necessary aspect of the measurement. Conversely, Orbitrap-HRMS provide a resolution of 100,000 at m/z 400, with a mass range 50 – 2000 amu, enabling stoichiometry retrieval up to higher masses than the AMS. Coupled to a “soft” electrospray ionization method, Orbitrap-HRMS gives O:C and H:C ratios on entire molecules in the analysed mixture. We used samples from three contrasted field campaigns: the two first at an urban kerbside site in summer and in winter, the third one in the roadway vicinity (Grenoble, France). Accelerated Solvent Extraction provides a clear overview of the chemical composition of organic extracts from aerosol particles collected at different season at an urban site. The elemental composition was obtained within 2-5 ppm, on the range 150-300 m/z. However, this study shows that both ionization polarity were needed to get a complete picture of the chemical composition of the samples. We showed that Esi-Orbitrap-HRMS allows to compute a statistical distribution of the elementary ratios that is different from a simple average value. Keywords: HRMS, SOA
Maubert, Marie-Anne. "Analyse de peptides cellulaires par spectrométrie de masse à très haute résolution : application à l'inflammation intestinale." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066634.
Full textGarcia, Leny. "Développement d’une méthodologie couplant la photodissociation laser et la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution pour l’identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1287/document.
Full textMass spectrometry is a powerful tool to detect putative proteins biomarkers in biological samples. Several methods are accessible, including Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) which allows the fragmentation of all detectable peptides in high resolution mass spectrometer. However, DIA methods are not able to exhaustively identify compounds due to the excessive complexity of fragmentation spectra of multiple precursor ions. Thus, we developed an alternative technique that adds specificity during fragmentation step to detect only a subset of peptides. We replaced the classical gas-collision fragmentation by a highly specific laser-induced photodissociation (LID) at 473 nm, for which peptides do not naturally absorb, in a Q-exactive. The specific absorption and photofragmentation is induced by grafting an adequate quenching chromophore to the thiol group of cysteine-containing peptides (a rare amino acid with a frequency of 2 % but present in 89 % of all human proteins) through a chemically controlled route. First, to develop the DIA-LID method, a spectral library including LID spectra of 354 cysteine-containing peptides was built. Then, this methodology was used to identify and quantify putative human protein kinases biomarkers in human cancerous mammalian cells. Simultaneously the fragmentation behavior of 401 derivatized cysteine-containing peptides was studied to rationalize the choice of peptides to provide the maximum of information to identify them in LID for discovery approaches. In closing, a new methodology named C-trap-LID, was introduced and applied to spot and extract quickly m/z related to all detectable derivatized cysteine-containing compounds in complex medium
Roux, Aurélie. "Analyse du métabolome urinaire humain par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066575.
Full textBoutegrabet, Lemia. "Approche métabolomique dans l'analyse de l'évolution oxydative des vins en spectrométrie de masse à très haute résolution." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS025.
Full textDuring winemaking processes, many oxidation reactions may occur especially during the aging period. Recently, white wines are characterized by a problem of premature oxidation for which few studies have provided chemical explanation. To date, the involved mechanisms in this phenomenon remain poorly understood.The aim of this thesis project is to provide, through an untargeted molecular analysis using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) coupled to chemometric analysis, original clue to understand the premature oxidation of white wines. Based on the study of a series of premature oxidized white wines, we were able to elucidate the high complexity and the chemical diversity of wine, and got out typical masses characterizing the oxidation state. In order to better understand the origin of this phenomenon, we considered two alternative possibilities of oxidation: the first one induced by oxygen, and the second through a natural evolution of wines in bottles. The latter included the monitoring of the chemical evolution of white and red wines as a function of time. A very interesting result was obtained on the vertical series of white wines from 1979 to 2006, where two groups were separated at the 1990 vintage to provide a group of old wines (1979-1990) and a group of new wines (1991-2006). Typical discriminant masses were found for each group.A comparison between the chemical spaces discriminating each of the three types of oxidation (premature oxidation, oxidation with oxygen and natural evolution of wine in bottle) revealed very few common masses that may indicate that the phenomenon of premature oxidation is indeed influenced by multiple factors.Finally, a structural elucidation of the typical masses of the groups of oxidized and aged wines were established using FT-ICR-MS/MS. Possible fragmentations schemes of some of these masses were proposed
Robine, Ophélie. "Développement de nouvelles méthodologies par spectrométrie de masse à très haute résolution pour l’analyse structurale de complexes protéiques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/index.php?halsid=utgisp3o23e1vmcr3q46abm537&view_this_doc=pastel-00750754&version=1.
Full textThe association of hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry (HDX/MS) has been emerged as a powerful analytical tool for probing structural and dynamic features of proteins. In classical bottom-up approach, the deuterated protein is digested by pepsin and the proteolytic digest is analyzed by mass spectrometry. Unfortunately, this approach suffers from two main drawbacks: (1) the resolution, which is limited by the size of the peptides after digestion and (2) the back-exchange that can take place in solution before the analysis by mass spectrometry. Classical tandem mass spectrometry cannot be used to improve resolution since Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) experiments on deuterated peptides have been shown for intramolecular deuterium migration before backbone cleavage ("scrambling"). Therefore, there is a great interest in the development of alternative HDX/MS approaches in order to improve back-exchange, scrambling and resolution problems. In this work, a complete optimized workflow for robust top-down HDX/MS has been set up. New system has been developed for introduction of the deuterated samples in the mass spectrometer, named "cryosource" and electron-based activation techniques, Electron Capture/Transfer Dissociation, were used. ECD and ETD have been shown recently to fragment, in proper experimental conditions, entire deuterated proteins with minimized scrambling and single residue resolution. The cryosource leads to negligible back-exchange during long periods of time and allows low flow rates. Optimization of all parameters was done using model peptides and protein. Our final goal was to use this methodology for the structural analysis of the complex aIF2
Laboureur, Laurent. "Profilage et élucidation structurale de produits naturels par chromatographie en phase supercritique et spectrométrie de masse tandem haute résolution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS429/document.
Full textThis PhD work aims to demonstrate the relevance of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and its hyphenation to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) in the field of natural product analysis. Three different research projects were carried out.A new strategy for structural analysis of Annonaceous acetogenins was developed by SFC and targeted HRMS/MS including post-column lithium cationisation to give access to the relevant structural information. Investigations were conducted to observe the influence of cations onto the gas-phase conformation and fragmentation pathways.A separation of polar and ionisable compounds was also developed using modified nucleosides from RNA as models. The SFC-HRMS method led to the separation and analysis of several tens of modifications and demonstrated to be a new performant analytical tool for biologists.Finally, a global lipidomic approach was optimized. Preliminary results look compatible with the development of untargeted approaches using automatic annotation tools.For each project, the relevance of our work was evaluated analyzing complex samples to obtain a realistic point of view of the capabilities for SFC-HRMS/MS systems for natural product studies
Robine, Ophélie. "DÉVELOPPEMENT DE NOUVELLES MÉTHODOLOGIES PAR SPECTROMÉTRIE DE MASSE A TRÈS HAUTE RÉSOLUTION POUR L'ANALYSE STRUCTURALE DE COMPLEXES PROTÉIQUES." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00750754.
Full textHuynh, Tinh Nghi Nina. "Caractérisation des eaux résiduaires urbaines par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution : influence de la stratégie analytique, limitations et perspectives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 12, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA120026.
Full textMany emerging micropollutants (such as personal care products, antibiotics, endocrine disruptors, etc.) are present in urban waters, but little is known about their behaviour and transformation products in wastewater treatment plants and in the environment. Conventional targeted analytical methods used for the analysis of these substances allow them to be detected and quantified at trace levels in different environmental matrices. However, these techniques rely on the use of reference standards that are not available for all compounds, let alone for transformation products that are often poorly characterized or simply unknown. With the emergence of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), new analysis strategies (called suspect or non-targeted approaches) have been developed in recent years. They allow the detection of a large number of signals and thus contribute to the analysis of known or unknown compounds. However, these new analytical methods are time consuming and complex and many studies focus on a limited number of prioritized signals. The objective of this work was to characterize the analytical methods available for this type of analysis, from sample preparation to data analysis through chromatographic separation, with global approaches, in order to "track" organic pollutants in urban waters by HRMS..Therefore, the first part of our work focused on the comparison of data processing methods in non-targeted analysis. Different softwares have been used and compared in order to get the maximum information from the data acquired by HRMS. Firstly, their capacity to precisely identify compounds was evaluated. As this data exploitation strategy is time consuming, more global characterization methods were then implemented in order to obtain faster results from data acquired by HRMS, without reducing the accuracy of the information obtained. This work has allowed the implementation of a workflow to process data containing ion mobility information that are not yet supported by the majority of existing algorithms.The second part of this work consisted in evaluating the influence of methods, both of sample preparation and analysis, of organic micropollutants in urban waters. Different protocols were applied to the same sample in order to compare the type of compounds retained and detected by the methods used. These methods were compared in terms of richness of information and range of physico-chemical properties covered. Numerous differences were highlighted depending on the strategy applied, showing that it is impossible to characterize a sample as a whole using a single protocol. Our wish was to characterize as well as possible the methods used in order to bring information on the type of compounds which are potentially analyzable by each one of them and thus that the users do it in knowledge of the facts.These approaches were then tested through the evaluation of the performance of advanced treatment processes for the removal of organic micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants. Different oxidation processes (ozonation, UV photolysis, chlorination, use of peracids) were studied in order to evaluate their influence on the removal mechanisms of organic micropollutants, especially in terms of transformation products generated. The added value of suspect and non-targeted analysis strategies was highlighted. In particular, the monitoring of the overall evolution of the samples (in relation to the number of signals observed) during the treatment process showed that different conclusions could be reached than those obtained during the targeted analysis of known or regulated compounds
Tonleu, Temgoua Ranil Clément. "Simulation des dégradations environnementales de quelques pesticides électroactifs par couplage électrochimie : spectrométrie de masse haute résolution - calculs théoriques DFT." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4079.
Full textThe simulation/prediction of the environmental degradations of xenobiotics is an important field of research which allows to better understand the potential risks that represent organic contaminants in environmental systems. The main objective of this work is the implementation of hybrid couplings, associating an electrochemical device (EC) with analytical tools that are liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry MS [(EC-LC-MS and EC-MS couplings)] for simulation of the environmental degradation of selected electroactive pesticides. The oxidative degradation of this fungicide was studied using an electrochemical flow-through cell directly coupled to a mass spectrometer for rapid identification of their degradation products. Firstly, the elucidation of the electrochemical behavior of diuron (phenylurea herbicide) was possible through the identification of its oxidation products using EC-LCMS and EC-MS couplings. Secondly, the mimicry by electrochemistry of the environmental degradation of seven other herbicides (fenuron, monuron, isoproturon, chlortoluron, metoxuron, monolinuron, linuron) was implemented. The third part focused on the study of the electrochemical behavior/degradation of a fungicide of the carbamate family (carbendazim). In addition to the known transformation products for these studied pesticides, two new very unstable degradation products have been identified in this work for the first time, mainly quinones imine and nitrenium ions. All the results obtained during this study were supported by quantum mechanics calculations (DFT)
Hautbergue, Thaïs. "Caractérisation chimique des métabolomes secondaires de Penicillium et Fusarium par marquage isotopique couplé à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0110/document.
Full textCharacterization of fungal secondary metabolomes became a great challenge in the last decades due to both the emergence of fungal threats, and the industrial interest of many natural products; In view of this, we recently developed an analytical strategy for fungal secondary metabolome characterization (Cano P. et al. Anal. Chem. (2013) 85:8412) based on untargeted MS metabolomics applied to labeled samples. This strategy has been here validated by application to the analysis of the complex secondary metabolomes of Penicillium verrucosum and Penicillium nordicum. HRMS acquisitions performed on specific isotopically labelled samples, MS/MS experiments and in-silico emerging tools such as molecular networks, allowed to characterize 181 metabolites, including 80% of new compounds, and the structural determination of seven potential new mycotoxins. Penicillium verrucosum (NRRL 5571) and Penicillium nordicum (NRRL 6062) were grown on wheat grains (Triticum aestivum) presenting different isotopic enrichments: (i) naturally enriched grains, (ii) 97% 13C, and (iii) 53% 13C / 97% 15N. Extracts of each culture were analyzed by HPLC coupled to a LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization, operating in the positive or the negative mode. Metabolites were then specifically detected according to the specific isotopic pattern of their respective isotopic enrichments. Known secondary metabolites were annotated using the Antibase database, then identified by comparison with standard compounds when available. Unknown secondary metabolites were annotated using molecular networks of MS/MS similarities (Watrous J. et al.; PNAS (2012) 109 E1743). Wheat grains representing the only source of carbon and nitrogen for fungal growth, the produced fungal secondary metabolites were either unlabeled (naturally enriched cultures), singly labeled (13C cultures) or doubly labeled (13C/15N cultures). This feature allowed discrimination of fungal metabolites against non-fungal compounds which remained unlabeled in the three substrates. Fungal origin was further confirmed by analysis of a control 12C wheat extract (without fungus). Furthermore, the comparison of m/z ratios of a same metabolite detected in the three different cultures, led to the unambiguous determination of the number of carbon and nitrogen atoms and therefore to the unambiguous characterization of its chemical formula. This approach previously developed and validated on a well characterized fungus, has been here successfully applied to the characterization of the complex and unknown secondary metabolomes of P. verrucosum and P. nordicum. Analyses of the two studied fungal strains allowed the detection of 181 secondary metabolites. Interestingly, only 20% of them are suspected to match known metabolites according to databases, meaning that 80% of this metabolome is unknown. To enhance unknown identification efficiency, a molecular network of MS/MS similarities has been generated from our data. A group of 24 metabolites with highly similar MS/MS spectra was highlighted on P. nordicum and P. verrucosum. Fifteen of them were identified as cyclic tetrapeptides from the fungisporin family. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments were performed to characterize the structure of these secondary metabolites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these molecules are pointed out on these Penicillium species. More interestingly, seven of the other metabolites display some similarities with fungisporins, but have never been detected on fungal metabolomes. Furthermore, although the two studied strains are genetically close, these new metabolites seem to be strain specific
Kiss, Agneta Kristina. "Mise en place d'outils analytiques et chimiométriques pour les études métabonomiques de matrices biologiques complexes par Spectrométrie de Masse Haute-Résolution." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10125.
Full textMy research work highlights the development of a metabonomic strategy through two topical issues: the doping in sport (Part A) and the Exposome (Part B). The first part includes two studies and aims to assess the contribution of metabonomics to the development of new screening tools. During these studies, I focused on the non-targeted analysis of clean and doped urine samples provided by the French Anti-Doping Agency and by volunteers. The originality of this approach lies in its non-targeted nature and, particularly, in its ability to highlight metabolic disruptions by (i) high-resolution (ToF) and very high-resolution (FT ICR) mass spectrometry and (ii) the analysis of multivariate data. The implemented strategy revealed several potential biomarkers for the use of tetrahydrocannabinol, budesonide and salbutamol. The second part of this thesis aims to evaluate the impact of vinclozolin on the hormonal system of rats and thus meets the requirements of the new regulations. For this study, I focused on testes extracts coming from rats treated with vinclozolin. Due to its comprehensive nature, the metabonomic study provided additional information to the previous targeted approach. All these results highlight the contributions and the limitations of metabonomics with regard to: (1) the choice and the preparation of biological samples, (2) the advantages and disadvantages of different analytical techniques, (3) the opportunities in terms of data processing, (4) the statistical requirements and (5) the biological value of the results
Liuu, Sophie. "Analyse protéomique ciblée à haute résolution : un outil puissant pour le diagnostic clinique à partir de prélèvements de tissus amyloïdes bruts." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066373/document.
Full textAmyloidosis is rare disease that appears as an insoluble deposition of specific extracellular proteins. Thirty classes of amyloidosis have been reported and their diagnosis relies on the identification of the associated proteins by immunohistochemistry analysis of the affected tissues. However, its interpretation is highly dependent on the pathologist and can be ambiguous. Laser capture micro-dissection (LCM) and mass spectrometry are a promising alternative. We have developed a targeted proteomics approach from raw tissues treated with ultrasound. We showed that the biopsies taken from patients presenting different classes of amyloidosis can be proteolysed by ultrasonic treatment. This technique increases the efficiency and reduces the time of digestion (90s instead of 15h), while minimizing the amount of material needed. After a first unbiased proteomics study for clinical diagnosis of patients with amyloidosis in various organs/tissues (kidney, lung, salivary glands, testicle, vitreous humor and spleen), we have optimized a dedicated screening method for a technological transfer to the French clinical departments. For this, two methods show very promising results: SRM (selected reaction monitoring) on a low-resolution mass spectrometer, available in some clinical laboratories, and PRM (parallel reaction monitoring) available on the latest generation of high-resolution instruments which provide fast results. In conclusion, we propose here a specific protocol for a robust diagnosis and rapid classification of amyloidoses
Zendong, Suzie Zita. "Développement de méthodes de spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (SMHR) pour le criblage des phycotoxines dans les échantillons biologiques et environnementaux." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=33e1584e-4889-4271-9a27-9274ed1707d8.
Full textPhycotoxins are algal metabolites that can accumulate in seafood and, following consumption, cause human intoxication. The purpose of this work was to develop high resolution mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of phycotoxins in several environmental samples. Firstly, passive sampling was developed and enabled the detection of toxins from pelagic (living in the water column) and benthic (living on substrate) microalgae in France. Low resolution (LRMS) and high resolution (HRMS) mass spectrometry methods were then developed. The comparative targeted analysis of mussels and passive samplers allowed for highlighting the presence of matrix effects, irrespective of the instrument used. These matrix effects were however less pronounced with passive samplers than with mussels. Hence, passive sampling in combination with HRMS appears to be a useful tool in untargeted analysis of the marine environment. The advantage of HRMS over LRMS is the possibility of doing both targeted and untargeted analyses. Indeed, while one can only detect known/regulated toxins that were looked for in targeted analysis, in the untargeted approach all ionisable compounds present in a sample can be detected. This latter approach was implemented using extracts from passive samplers that had been deployed in French and Nigerian coastal areas. Thanks to the use of statistical tools, spatial and temporal differentiation of chemical profiles was achieved in these marine environments
Crepier, Julien. "La chromatographie en phase supercritique couplée avec une détection UV et spectrométrie de masse haute résolution pour l’analyse d’échantillons complexes : application aux bio-huiles." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1050/document.
Full textThis thesis focused on the analysis of bio-oils by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in coupling with a UV detector and a high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Still unknown, this technique is currently not widespread in comparison with gas chromatography. First, an optimization based on the maximization of peak capacity during the analysis of the bio-oil has been put in place. Pressure, temperature, stationary phases and mobile phases were selected to separate a maximum of peaks (more than a hundred peaks) on the widest possible retention window. Once separation optimized, an experimental work of coupling with the mass spectrometry was carried out first on a single quadrupole detector then on a time detector of flight with a linear trap (IT-ToF/MS). MS/MS fragmentation experiments were then carried out to propose an identification of the detected species. The reprocessing of the large number of data generated also necessitated the development of a reprocessing tool adapted to carry out the identification of molecular formulae and to propose developed structures using fragmentation and open-source comparison tools. The last part of this work was devoted to the comparison of the results obtained on a bio-oil by SFC-UV/HMRS, GCxGC-FI/MS and FT-ICR/MS. All of this methodological work has improved our knowledge of this type of SFC-UV / HRM coupling through application examples related to the characterization of ex-biomass complex matrices
Svilar, Ljubica. "Elucidation de la structure des métabolites secondaires d'Hypoxylon fragiforme par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution et réactions ions-molécules en phase gazeuse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836214.
Full textLegrand, Anaïs. "Analyses métabolomiques d'urines de souris marquées au carbone-13 par chromatographie en phase liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution : vers l'identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF050.
Full textMetabolites are usually described as the group of molecules closest to an individual's phenotype. Therefore, they are often targeted to study dysfunctions (e.g., caused by a disease). However, their identification remains a major challenge in metabolomics. It is estimated that over 80% of the human metabolome remains unknown. One strategy to tackle this issue is to combine liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), a versatile and sensitive analytical technique, with stable isotope labeling. In this context, the in vivo ¹³C-labeling of an entire mammalian metabolome was conducted for the first time. During this PhD project, the in vivo ¹³C-labeled murine urinary metabolome was studied by LC-HRMS. First, the potential of this unique biological material was assessed by identifying known compounds and studying their ¹³C-enrichment. New annotation tools based on the LC-HRMS/MS isotopic properties were developed. Secondly, a dual ¹²C/¹³C -spectral library was created, enabling the characterization of unknown endogenous signals. Finally, the structural elucidation of a new endogenous metabolite in human matrices - the dipeptide Stach-Pro - was achieved using these new developments
Bardin, Noémie. "Composition isotopique des éléments légers dans les micrométéorites ultracarbonées par spectrométrie de masse à émission ionique secondaire à haute résolution en masse, contribution à la connaissance des surfaces cométaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS189/document.
Full textThis thesis covers the isotopic analysis of carbon-rich interplanetary dust (ultracarbonaceous micrometeorites), in order to better understand the isotopic fractionation process of light elements (hydrogen and nitrogen) observed in the organic phases of primitive extraterrestrial matter. It is possible, within a collection of micrometeorites coming from the central regions of the Antarctic continent, to identify ultra-carbonaceous micrometeorites (UCAMMs – for Ultra-Carbonaceous Antarctic MicroMeteorites) which contain about ten times more carbon than the primitive meteorites. These particles are extremely rare and open the possibility to study in laboratory cometary particles of large sizes (100-200 microns). This thesis focuses on the isotopic analyses of UCAMMs, in order to understand the isotopic fractionation processes of light elements (hydrogen and nitrogen) observed in the organic matter of the primitive solar system. Mineralogical, chemical and structural analyses on two fragments of ultra-carbonaceous micrometeorites were performed in the framework of collaborations using techniques of scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, infrared microspectroscopy (SOLEIL synchrotron). The main work of this thesis concerns the isotopic analysis of two UCAMMs by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) using the NanoSIMS ion microprobe. The instrumental developments performed in collaboration between the CSNSM and the Curie Institute teams allow to resolve molecular interferences with a mass resolving power higher than 20 000 retaining a sensibility compatible with the measurements considered here. So, it has been possible to measure for the first time the hydrogen isotopic composition with the polyatomic ions 12C2D- and 12C2H- and to compare its spatial distribution with that of the nitrogen (12C15N-/12C14N-) obtained on the same surface with the same magnetic field. A protocol for producing a series of standard samples was developed from polymers isotopically enriched in deuterium in order to determine the instrumental fractionation of the NanoSIMS showing the possibility to perform precise measurements of the hydrogen isotopic composition in the organic matter with polyatomic ions (CD-/CH- and C2D-/C2H- ratios). The isotopic maps at high spatial resolution (200 nm) in C2D/C2H and C15N/C14N show a very heterogeneous distribution in deuterium with extreme values going up to 20 times the terrestrial ocean value, whereas the 15N/14N ratios remain globally close (within 20%) to the terrestrial atmosphere value. Measurements of N/C ratios in ion imaging performed at the NanoSIMS confirm the values measured by electron microprobe and show that the organic matter of UCAMMs is rich in nitrogen. Comparisons between isotopic images with each other and with the images obtained by the other techniques show that the organic matter of ultracarbonaceous micrometeorites is constituted of different components. The main component doesn’t exhibit a correlation between the D and 15N excesses. A minor component of the analyzed surface exhibits correlated excesses in D and in 15N, without neither the elemental or structural composition of this component significantly differs from the rest of the grain. Finally, a minor component showing moderate enrichments in D and 15N/14N ratios lower than the terrestrial atmosphere value could have been identified.All the data can be explained assuming that the ultracarbonaceous micrometeorites come from the surface of transneptunian icy objects. The elemental and isotopic characteristics observed in the organic matter of UCAMMs might result from the mixing of different strata of the parent body having undergone irradiation by the galactic cosmic radiation at large heliocentric distances
Rousseau, Kathleen. "Développement de nouveaux outils pour l’analyse métabolomique par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution : de l’acquisition de spectres MS/MS pour l’identification large-spectre de métabolites au marquage isotopique pour la quantification." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF006.
Full textMetabolomics is a relatively new science that studies molecules with a molecular weight below 1.5 kDa, present in a given biological matrix. It is the last link in the "omics" sciences and represents the ultimate response of an organism to factors that disrupt its functioning. Today, many developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC/HRMS) aim at improving the detection, identification and quantification of metabolites but also at increasing the robustness of the analyses. This PhD thesis took place in that context. One of its main objectives was to develop methods allowing the simultaneous acquisition of MS and MS/MS spectra via analyses in "Data Dependent Acquisition" and "Data Independent Acquisition" modes. These methods allowed the production of data with the same sensitivity as the traditional "Full Scan" analysis while providing more precise and relevant information for further metabolite identification. These methodological developments were applied to an inter-laboratory study as part of a European project. The other major objective of this PhD was to set-up strategies for the large-scale quantification of metabolites in biological samples. To do so, the production and characterization of isotopically labeled internal standards were investigated. Thus, chemical synthesis methods relying on H/D exchange was evaluated and enabled the production of a large panel of labeled compounds. Their isotopic pattern exploitation allowed the development of an innovative quantitative approach by multi-point internal calibration. This method was compared to the conventional isotope dilution approach. At last, isotope profiling was applied to the preliminary analysis of mouse urine samples obtained from mice that were in vivo labeled with carbone-13. The aims were to study the C-13 incorporation kinetics in targeted metabolites, but also to annotate and identify new metabolites. Overall, the set of developments carried out during this thesis have allowed to reach a better level of identification of metabolites and to improve their quantification
Gaiffe, Gabriel. "Caractérisation globale d'explosifs et de substances connexes (polymères, liants et plastifiants) à l'état de traces sur des prélèvements solides reposant sur la spectrométrie de masse à haute-résolution." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS493.
Full textThe manufacture and the illicit traffic of explosives result in the increasing use of explosive devices during attacks. The identification of explosives is a major issue for the fight against terrorism. However, the wide variety of energetic formulations make their characterization complex by a single technique. This thesis focused on mass spectrometry by seeking to improve the detection of explosive molecules embedded in energetic formulations and by investigating the processes involved in the technique of anion attachment used to improve the sensitivity of detection. It appears that chloride and nitrate attachment is the most appropriate technique to produce an intense signal. A hypothesis has been advanced based on CID and IRMPD experiments. The work also focused on characterizing the matrix surrounding the explosives to create a database. These analyzes are performed using ASAP and DART sources, to limit material losses, with the prospect of working on samples in trace amounts. These methods have shown their ability to produce mass spectra for fluorinated polymers that are difficult to analyze. In order to obtain a spectral fingerprint for the polymers and to be able to compare the spectra of these polymers, a Kendrick mass defect analysis method was developed and allowed to identify the polymers in a mixture. An analysis was made on real samples of explosives to compare the chemical species present pre and post explosion
Wang, Shuanglong. "Développement de méthodes analytiques basées sur la spectrométrie de masse de haute résolution pour l’étude de molécules contenant des métaux chez les organismes vivants." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3007/document.
Full textMetal (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Co, Mo…) ions play a vital role in a large number of biological processes. Both their deficiency and excess will lead to severe growth impairment or death. In order to survive and to grow, bacteria developed strategies to acquire metals from the environment based on the synthesis of metal complexing ligands. Plants store metals and transport them between tissues in particular chemical forms and a rising role for small metal complexes seems to be revealed. Therefore their speciation governs the bioavailability of the metals to consumers in the case of edible plants. This thesis aims at the development of analytical methods for the identification and quantification of metal chemical forms in bacteria and in plants.Chromatographic separation techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) using ionization in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP MS) or electrospray for elemental and molecular detection, respectively. The developed analytical methodology based on HILIC with dual ICP MS and electrospray MS detection turned out to be crucial for the discovery and characterization of two novels metallophores, staphylopine in Staphylococcus aureus and pseudopaline in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These metallophores are synthesized and exported by the bacteria and serve for the uptake of divalent transition metal in metal scarce conditions by means of chelation. Dedicated samples preparation techniques, including fractionation of water soluble extracts, were developed for iron analyses in maize. The developed instrumental approaches following the iron fractionation methods allowed the identification by mass spectrometry of citrate, mugineate and phytate complexes with iron in maize kernels. There was also a significant difference in some polyamine concentrations observed between some kernels with low and high bioavailable iron. The higher abundance of the iron-mugineate complex in the gastrointestinal extract in high bioavailable maize variety possibly indicates that iron-mugineate would have an important role in iron biodisponibility. Finally, lower molar ratios between extracted phytate and iron associated to it would seem to be also a key aspect for higher iron bioavailability
Bray, Fabrice. "La spectrométrie de masse haute résolution : application à la FT-ICR bidimensionnelle et à la protéomique dans les domaines de l’archéologie et la paléontologie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10189.
Full textMass spectrometry is a method of analysis which works on a wide range of sample types. It is used in many research fields such as analytical chemistry, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics...Firstly, my work was dedicated to the development of an independent data analysis methodology based on two-dimensional Fourier transform mass spectrometry. For increasing the resolution on the first dimension a 2D FT-ICR analysis with non-uniform sampling was developed. The resolution increase in the first dimension leading to high resolution for the precursor ions. The 2D FT-ICR has been successfully applied for the analysis of triacylglycerol contained on plasma and also for archaeological samples. This methodology led to 2D maps allowing a rapid classification of plants or animals samples.Secondly, a joint bottom-up and top-down proteomics strategy was applied for the analysis of archaeological and paleontological samples from bones or ceramics. The development of a bottom-up methodology, allowed the identification of proteins and their chemical modifications from archeological bones. These bones have been attributed to Homo sapiens. The development of a top-down methodology was applied to the analysis of archaeological ceramic. For the first time, a protein (milk casein) was identified in an archaeological sample of an amphora from Claudius emperor era (1st century A.D) via the detection of large fragments of casein. This first application of the top down proteomics showed that new information can be provided such as the in situ molecular degradation
Bray, Fabrice. "La spectrométrie de masse haute résolution : application à la FT-ICR bidimensionnelle et à la protéomique dans les domaines de l’archéologie et la paléontologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10189.
Full textMass spectrometry is a method of analysis which works on a wide range of sample types. It is used in many research fields such as analytical chemistry, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics...Firstly, my work was dedicated to the development of an independent data analysis methodology based on two-dimensional Fourier transform mass spectrometry. For increasing the resolution on the first dimension a 2D FT-ICR analysis with non-uniform sampling was developed. The resolution increase in the first dimension leading to high resolution for the precursor ions. The 2D FT-ICR has been successfully applied for the analysis of triacylglycerol contained on plasma and also for archaeological samples. This methodology led to 2D maps allowing a rapid classification of plants or animals samples.Secondly, a joint bottom-up and top-down proteomics strategy was applied for the analysis of archaeological and paleontological samples from bones or ceramics. The development of a bottom-up methodology, allowed the identification of proteins and their chemical modifications from archeological bones. These bones have been attributed to Homo sapiens. The development of a top-down methodology was applied to the analysis of archaeological ceramic. For the first time, a protein (milk casein) was identified in an archaeological sample of an amphora from Claudius emperor era (1st century A.D) via the detection of large fragments of casein. This first application of the top down proteomics showed that new information can be provided such as the in situ molecular degradation
Dufour, Alizée. "Caractérisation des tensioactifs polydisperses industriels par spectrométrie de masse et chromatographie en phase liquide." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS019.
Full textIIn the petroleum industry, surfactant formulation is becoming more and more complex, especially in thecase of Enhanced Oil Recovery. Analytical challenges therefore appear when monitoring these surfactants.After a detailed characterisation using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), a preliminary studyallowed a better understanding of the chomatographic behaviours of surfactants on different stationnaryphases. A screening of nine different columns showed that LC-1D separation did not result in a completeseparation due to the range of polarities and the polydispersity of the compounds. However, thedevelopment of a multi-dimensional approach solved the co-eluting observed in LC-1D. Following this proofof concept, the determination of the response factor, using charged aerosol detection, underlined the lackof a uniform response within a distribution. This has a strong impact on the mass balance. Finally, theinfluence of the presence of oil was demonstrated by studying a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactantsin oil matrix. The separation was maintained but the presence of organic solvent and crude oil has a crucialimpact on the signal
Nguyen, Thi Kieu Oanh. "Analyse métabolomique de Isatis tinctoria L. Et de Datura innoxia Mill. : utilisation des réseaux de corrélation pour l'étude de la biosynthèse de molécules à usage pharmaceutique." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0107.
Full textDatura innoxia Mill. And Isatis tinctoria L. Are two medicinal plants of current interest. Our metabolomic study of D. Innoxia Mill. , focused on the untransformed and Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed roots of whole plants. 50 known and two new alkaloids were quantified and structurally identified using a combination of GC-MS and UPLC-MS. Correlation networks of the metabolites strongly suggested certain architectural aspects of the hyoscyamine-scopolamine biosynthesis pathways and identified rate limiting steps. Biosynthetic steps that were specifically up-regulated in the A. Rhizogenes transformed individuals were clearly revealed. The polar leaf metabolome of I. Tinctoria L. , was profiled using high resolution LC-MS. In parallel, pharmaceutically interesting compounds that appear as artefacts during drying of the leaves were quantified. To clarify what are the biological precursors of these pharmaceutically interesting compounds, we attempted to identify a high number of polar fresh leaf compounds using a new method called CSPP (candidate substrate product pair network). This approach is based on the detection of peak pairs having i) different retention times, ii) certain differences in exact mass corresponding to an expected biochemical conversion and iii) correlation of the abundances. The CSPP approach has enabled: i) identification of previously known molecules, ii) identification of molecules never described previously and, iii) the establishment of intermolecular links in terms biosynthesis. The metabolomics approach using correlation analysis allowed the "high-throughput" identification of natural compounds and demonstrated its interest in the treatment of both fundamental and applied questions
Preud'homme, Hugues. "Analyse par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution et dilution isotopique des polyhalogéno-dibenzo-p-dioxines et -furannes : Approche théorique par calculs ab inition et semi-empiriques." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3012.
Full textThe work presented in this memory is centered on the study of a family of 210 molecules most known as "Dioxins" name (PCDD/Fs). These persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have an activity as endocrine disturbers and carcinogenic substances for Human being and Wild life. Bioaccumulating in our environment of these pollutants makes necessary their monitoring. The analysis by mass spectrometry high resolution by isotopic dilution, the comprehension of the mechanisms of formation and toxicity of these contaminants were carried out during this study. The existence of 4725 new mixed compounds (PBCDD/Fs) having a structure similar and obeying very the rules as PCDD/Fs in physicochemical term of behavior could be highlighted. Nothing can at the present time explain the current discrimination made according to the nature of the atom of halogen. A first interlaboratory test on an international scale is scheduled in 2004
Boudah, Samia. "Développement et application de méthodes de chromatographie liquide couplées à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution pour les analyses métabolomiques et lipidomiques de larges cohortes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066281/document.
Full textGlobal metabolomic profiling of biological media in large sample sets is a major challenge. In this context, our work aims to develop LC-HRMS approaches and data mining tools for metabolomics and lipidomics analysis of large cohorts. We have first developed and evaluated the reliability of four LC-HRMS methods in the annotation of human serum metabolome and lipidome. Thus, spectral database was implemented using MS spectra, MS/MS and retention times of reference compounds to further ensure datasets annotation. The combination of RP, PFPP and HILIC-HRMS methods allowed identification of 266 metabolites and 706 lipid species in human serum over 20 to 24 chemical classes respectively including 27% of isomeric species. These analytical tools were then applied for the stratification of 78 diabetic patients. Unsurprisingly, we highlighted a metabolic syndrome (energy metabolism disruption), moreover our analyses have shown the deleterious impact of confounding physiological factors on diabetes biomarker discovery –age and BMI-. We finally evaluated their influence on a cohort of 227 CEA employees. Lipidomic fingerprints are robust, however BMI impact is marked for neutral lipids. Gender effect shows significant male catabolism and age altered enzyme activities. These studies combine an overall metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of the same human samples. They aim to build up a relational database including spectral and biological data for biomarker characterization in clinical studies
Baumgarten, Sigrid. "Applications de la très haute résolution en spectrométrie de masse à l'attribution de l'origine d'explosifs et à l'identification et la détection d'agents chimiques dans des mélanges complexes." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066130.
Full textCotton, Jérôme. "Application de l'analyse métabolomique à la détection ciblée et globale de contaminants organiques dans des matrices agroalimentaires et environnementales par spectrométrie de masse à ultra-haute résolution." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066094/document.
Full textPollution of agrifood and environmental water by pesticides and drugs is a real public health concern. There are many quantitative methods developed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for their detection, but drug residues and abiotic or biological degradation of pollutants are generally not considered and are limited to a predetermined and restricted list of molecules.In this context, we have developed an analytical method based on metabolomic analyses by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Two matrices (honey and groundwater) were investigated as proof of concept studies. We showed that LC-HRMS associated to data mining tools enables (i) targeted analyses of pollutants, (ii) detection of untargeted and unknown xenobiotics, and (iii) detection of metabolites useful for the characterization of matrices. Then, a large targeted and semi-quantitative approach has been developed and validated for the detection of pesticides, drugs and metabolites in water samples by using on line SPE and UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. This method allowed the detection of 539 organic contaminants at the MLR of 0.1 µg/L in 36 minutes with only 5 milliliter of water. A study of 26 tap water samples from the Paris region showed the presence of 37 pollutants including 6 drugs
Cotton, Jérôme. "Application de l'analyse métabolomique à la détection ciblée et globale de contaminants organiques dans des matrices agroalimentaires et environnementales par spectrométrie de masse à ultra-haute résolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066094.
Full textPollution of agrifood and environmental water by pesticides and drugs is a real public health concern. There are many quantitative methods developed on triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for their detection, but drug residues and abiotic or biological degradation of pollutants are generally not considered and are limited to a predetermined and restricted list of molecules.In this context, we have developed an analytical method based on metabolomic analyses by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Two matrices (honey and groundwater) were investigated as proof of concept studies. We showed that LC-HRMS associated to data mining tools enables (i) targeted analyses of pollutants, (ii) detection of untargeted and unknown xenobiotics, and (iii) detection of metabolites useful for the characterization of matrices. Then, a large targeted and semi-quantitative approach has been developed and validated for the detection of pesticides, drugs and metabolites in water samples by using on line SPE and UHPLC-ESI-HRMS. This method allowed the detection of 539 organic contaminants at the MLR of 0.1 µg/L in 36 minutes with only 5 milliliter of water. A study of 26 tap water samples from the Paris region showed the presence of 37 pollutants including 6 drugs
Yazidjian, Chabouh. "Conception d'un système de détection pour ISOLTRAP et test de l'équation de masse aux multiplets isobariques." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2082.
Full textInstalled at the on-line isotope separator ISOLDE at CERN, the tandem Penning-trap spectrometer ISOLTRAP is designed to perform high-accuracy mass measurements on short-lived radionuclides. Based on the determination of the ion cyclotron frequency in a strong magnetic field, the typical relative mass uncertainty is 10-8 with a resolving power of up to R=107. Accurate and precise mass values for specific unstable nuclides are important since they serve e. G. As a stringent test of nuclear models. The main part of this work is the design, installation and characterization of a new Channeltron-detector setup in order to increase the detection efficiency of ISOLTRAP by about a factor of 3. Since a detection efficiency close to 100 percent is reached, true single-ion experiments can be performed for the first time and exotic nuclides further away from the valley of stability and with very short half-lives are now accessible. Concerning mass measurements on short-lived nuclides, the masses of potassium isotopes from 35K (178ms) up to 6K (105s) have been measured with a relative precision of better than 1. 6 10-8. The accurate value of the 35K mass contributes to a stringent test of the isobaric multiplet mass equation for the A=35, T=3/2 isospin quartet
Marie, Vincent. "Développement de nouveaux protocoles d'analyse métabolomique par spectrométrie de masse pour des profils métaboliques plus robustes et informatifs : application au phénotypage de cohortes médicales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF023.
Full textConfident annotation of metabolic features still represents a major challenge for both non-targeted metabolomic or lipidomic approaches. These two approaches make it possible to study the phenotype of an individual, to highlight homeostasis disturbances at a given time and thus to identify potential biomarkers of diseases or get deeper insight into the biochemical mechanisms governing their development. In this context, the main objectives of my PhD thesis were to develop new acquisition methods for non-targeted metabolomic and lipidomic analyses by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) as implemented on an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. These developments were conduced on human plasma samples in order to obtain more informative MS/MS spectra for plasma lipidome/metabolome. And this in a fully automated and without any a priori but robust manner enabling confident annotation of as many as possible metabolic features. Two approaches were used: Data Dependent Acquisition (DDA) and Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) analyses. In the first case, the ions detected in MS mode are selected according to a predefined intensity threshold, while in DIA mode all the ions are fragmented by partitioning the whole mass range. The comparative evaluation of these two acquisition methods highlighted the advantages and limitations of both approaches for non-targeted lipidomic and metabolomic analyses. Method parameters and data production conditions as well as bioinformatics parameters of the MS-DIAL software have been thoroughly optimized. Some of the developed methods are already being used in projects conducted within the laboratory
Habchi, Baninia. "Mise en évidence des perturbations métaboliques liées à l’exposition aux toxiques présents dans l’environnement ou l’aliment par spectrométrie de masse à ultra haute résolution FTMS combinée avec des outils chimiométriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA032.
Full textPublic health monitoring involves evaluation of population exposure to environmental toxicants which can have an impact on their health. To do this, robust and high-throughput approaches are required to perform large scale analyses. Global approaches such as metabolomics which aim to reveal metabolic changes due to environmental stress or diseases seem to be the most appropriate approach. This multidisciplinary approach requires powerful analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS) associated with statistical and chemometric data processing. It allows to detect general metabolic disruptions induced by a given physiological or pathological conditions. The studied samples can be injected either directly by the DIMS technique (direct introduction mass spectrometry) or following a chromatographic separation using GC/MS or LC/MS (gas or liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry). The DIMS approach leads to a significant reduction in analysis time, down to only a few minutes (usually less than 3 min). Additionally, in combination with Fourier transform mass spectrometers (DIFTMS), it provides very high mass resolving power and accurate mass measurements, as well as a wide dynamic range resulting in improved efficiency. Nevertheless, the DI-FTMS approach generates complex data containing several thousands of peaks. Processing such large data sets requires the development of dedicated chemometric and statistical tools to detect exposure biomarkers. Therefore, the objective of my work was to develop a rapid, highthroughput workflow, including the development of chemometric tools, in order to highlight metabolomic perturbations induced by exposure to toxicants. The first part of this work concerns the study of farmers professionally exposed to two pesticides. The DIMS approach was performed on an Orbitrap instrument and a new chemometric tool called Independent Component - Discriminant Analysis (IC-DA) was developed for supervised analysis of the DIMS data. The developed methodology was then applied to a larger number of samples corresponding to five types of exposure. In this later study, two analytical approaches DIMS and LC/MS were examined in order to validate the DIMS approach as well as the developed chemometric data analysis tool. In a second part of this work, the DIMS approach was applied to an instrument of higher performances, the FT-ICR (Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance) equipped with a dynamically harmonized cell in order to improve the quality of the DIMS data. A first study explored the effects of exposure of rats to different concentrations of pesticides. In a second step, the procedure was applied to a large number of samples (of approximately 500 individuals) to test the robustness of the approach. All this work demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of our high-throughput metabolomic approach combining the direct introduction (DIMS), the very high resolution detection and the chemometric tools. This approach could be very promising to perform large scale metabolic phenotyping such as in epidemiological studies
Aros, Sandrine. "Analyse métabolomique de S. aureus par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution : Développements analytiques et applications à l’étude de la résistance à la méticilline." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS013.
Full textThe mortality rate associated with Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the highest among the staphylococcal infections. A better understanding of antibiotic resistance phenomena would lead to better detect these bacteria and design new antibiotics. In this context, this PhD work aimed to study the MRSA phenotype by using a metabolomics approach. The first part of this work has been dedicated to developing a global metabolomic analysis of S. aureus: i.e., the setting up of a reliable sample preparation protocol, the development of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry methods, and the implementation of a dedicated spectral database. Under these conditions, 210 metabolites have been extracted and identified in bacterial cell extracts, which is the widest metabolic coverage of S. aureus obtained to date.Secondly, we have performed a metabolomic study of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. Aureus (MSSA) strains. The analysis of 24 clinical strains has allowed us to highlight a metabolic signature of MRSA phenotype of which metabolites involved in bacterial wall and capsule biosynthesis pathways were part. The complete genome sequencing of these 24 strains combined with the complementary study of 16 MRSA strains of different genetic backgrounds have reinforced the relevance of this metabolic signature. Finally, the study of isogenic strains in the presence of an antibiotic has confirmed the involvement of metabolites of the wall and capsule biosynthesis pathways in the distinction of MRSA/MSSA phenotypes
Hubert, Cecile. "Étude de la détection et de l'identification d'explosifs par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution " Orbitrap ", après prélèvement d'échantillons sur substrats solides : développement et évaluation comparative de méthodologies analytiques dédiées à l'expertise judiciaire dans le domaine nucléaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066025.
Full textSwabbing and analysis protocols for trace explosives detection have to be both reliable and sensitive, either for prevention measures against bomb attacks or for post-blast scene investigations. The coupling of mass spectrometry (MS) with liquid chromatography (HPLC) offers the required features but important sample preparation steps are often needed and chromatographic separations can require long run times. The evaluation of an LC-MS coupling for the analysis of fabric swabs and the development of a direct and nearly instantaneous method for sample surface analysis are the subjects of this dissertation. DESI and DART ion sources coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were used for this second method. Part of this work was devoted to the study of CID mechanisms of explosives, in which HRMS appears to present a great interest. Even though the use of DESI source for hydrophilic and absorbent fabric samples analysis is tricky, DART source was successfully applied to qualitative analysis of simulated as well as real samples. Very promising results strengthen the relevance of this direct approach both sensitive, rapid and easily implementable, and encourage pursuing the studies toward quantitative analysis. Keywords: Forensic, explosives, fabrics, extraction, high resolution mass spectrometry, ESI, ambient ionization/desorption (DESI, DART), CID mechanisms, negative ions
Méjean, Marie. "Développement d’un couplage de chromatographie en phase supercritique et spectrométrie de masse pour l’analyse de substances naturelles." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114829/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD project was to couple supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a high resolution mass spectrometer for apolar natural compounds analysis. Because mobile phase is principally constituted of CO2, SFC is called “green technic” contrary to normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC), which uses lot of organic solvents toxic for environment. The CO2 presents a low viscosity, in this way high diffusivity and flow rate, and lower analysis times are obtained. Our work was focused on apolar molecules: the lipids. The aim was to quantify molecules in alimentary and biological matrices and to a lipidomic approach to study Parkinson disease. The first part was to develop the system SFC with a UV detection on a system on loan by Agilent Technologies. This first study was carried out on 6 vitamin A compounds. An optimization of chromatographic parameters has been realized in order to obtain a good separation of the compounds. Then, linearity, repeatability, detection and quantification limits have been determined in order to have a reliable and robust method. A second part concerned the coupling of SFC and a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF), in order to improve specificity and sensitivity of analysis. Different ionization sources have been tested: ESI, APCI and APPI. Each ion source presents different ionization mode, which permits to analyze a wide range of polarities of compounds. We have chosen 8 vitamin E derivatives, which are apolar compounds for which SFC seems to be well suited. Separation compounds have been optimized in order to have a good chromatographic resolution and a short analysis time. This compounds ionization is realized with the 3 sources, varying ionization parameters and make-up solvent, to have an optimal sensitivity. The APPI source has been chosen after a performance evaluation method. This source presents a good repeatability, linearity and detection limit in the same order of magnitude than those found in the literature by HPLC-MS. Then we have quantified these compounds in alimentary and biological matrices: a soya oil and plasma rat. A third study has been started on lipid profiling with various polarities by SFC-MS. This technic is well suited because of the low polarity of this molecules and their lack of absorbance in the UV range. The integrity of lipids can be altered with damages caused by free radicals, and are potentially involved in neurodegenerative diseases. It is essential to develop analytical systems with a high sensitivity and resolution and the possibility to access to structural information. The ESI source permits to detect 12 lipids on the 20 sub-classes analyzed in positive ion mode and 8 lipids in negative mode. An application has been realized on human plasma. In the future, it will be interesting to analyze these lipids with the APPI source, which is good choice for structural analysis of lipids, with good sensitivity and repeatability. Studies with this SFC-MS system, presenting good sensitivity and repeatability, will be extended to lipid analysis in biological matrices and could be applied to new biomarkers study and for fast screening of a large number of samples
Essaid, Donia. "Photosensibilisateurs pour la thérapie photodynamique (PDT) des cancers : impact des modifications structurales sur leur interaction avec des membranes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS042/document.
Full textPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is atreatment modality in which a photosensitizer(PSr) is injected to a patient. Then the tumor isilluminated with a laser. The excited PSrinduces the production of cytoxic singletoxygen. Our collaborators at the Institut Curiehave synthesized glycoconjugated tetraphenylporphyrins(TPP) for the treatment ofretinoblastoma by PDT. These compoundswere characterized in vitro and studies showedthat the most promising porphyrin crossed thecell membrane by passive transport. It is in thiscontext that this research was developed: theobjective was to study the interaction of aseries of porphyrins with membrane lipids.Firstly, porphyrin interaction with lipids wasstudied by a chromatographic approach onC18/C8, PolarTec, HILIC and IAM columns.Results showed a variation in the interactionaccording to porphyrin structures.Then, we demonstrated the effect of two TPPson phospholipid bilayers organization by DSC,and determined the localization of thisinteraction (polar heads or lipid aliphaticchains) by FTIR-ATR. The effect of TPPs onlipids and proteins was studied at the cellularlevel by IR microspectroscopy coupled withsynchrotron radiation. A discrimination ofporphyrins could be made by chemometrictools for Y79 cells but not for WERI-Rb1 norARPE-19 ones. In order to develop an artificialmembrane model, we performed lipidomicanalysis by mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) ofplasma and mitochondrial lipid membranes ofY79 and ARPE-19 cells. We determined theviscoelastic properties of lipid extracts andproposed an artificial lipid model partiallymimicking these viscoelastic properties. Thismodel could allow TPP screening in vitro
Gosset-Erard, Clarisse. "Développement méthodologique en CE-FTICR-MS pour l'étude de biomolécules à visée thérapeutique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0219.
Full textMass spectrometry (MS) has emerged in recent years as benchmark method for the characterization of biomolecules. The development of new analyzers with ultra-high resolution and high mass accuracy, such as Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FTICR), has improved the selectivity of the method. To ease the characterization of complex samples, MS can be coupled with separative methods such as capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE is the most powerful electrophoretic method in terms of resolution, efficiency and peak capacity, and is very fast. The CE-MS coupling has been developed for a large number of analytes and allows to obtain an optimal sensitivity of MS thanks to the use of a sheathless interface allowing the use of nanoflow rates. However, in order to combine the separation performances of CE, the high selectivity and sensitivity of the sheathless interface with the ultra-high resolution and the high mass accuracy of FTICR-MS, it is necessary to address the technical challenges related to the intrinsic properties of CE and FTICR such as the speed of separation, high peak efficiency and MS acquisition time. The work presented in this manuscript presents the implementation of the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation and its application for the study of biomolecules, and in particular the characterization of post-transcriptional modifications of ribonucleic acids (RNA). A study of the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation was first performed using standards, then a first method transfer was performed on biological samples already described in the literature. Various method developments are then presented such as the optimization of the sample preparation, and the development of new bioinformatics tools allowing to go further in the characterization of these modifications and in the complexity of the samples. Finally, the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation as well as the latest method developments were applied on more complex samples, and whose post-transcriptional modifications are not described in the literature. The use of the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation for the characterization of RNA enabled the identification of an unknown post-transcriptional modification in one of these complex samples that has not been previously studied in the literature
Chaker, Jade. "Développements analytiques pour la caractérisation non-ciblée et par profilage de suspects de l’exposome chimique dans le plasma et le sérum humain par LC-ESI-HRMS : optimisation et implémentation d’un workflow haut débit pour l’identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs d’exposition dans le plasma et le sérum sanguins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, École des hautes études en santé publique, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESP0002.
Full textChronic exposure to complex mixtures of chemical contaminants (xenobiotics) is suspected to contribute to the onset of chronic diseases. The technological advances high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), as well as the concept of exposome, have set the stage for the development of new non-targeted methods to characterize human exposure to xenobiotics without a priori. These innovative approaches may therefore allow changing scale to identify chemical risk factors in epidemiological studies. However, non-targeted approaches are still subject to a number of barriers, partly linked to the presence of these xenobiotics at trace levels in biological matrices. An optimization of every analytical (i.e. sample preparation) and bioinformatical (i.e. data processing, annotation) step of the workflow is thus required. The main objective of this work is to implement an HRMS-based non-targeted workflow applicable to epidemiological studies, to provide an operational solution to characterize the internal chemical exposome at a large scale. The undertaken developments allowed proposing a simple sample preparation workflow based on two complementary methods to expand the visible chemical space (up to 80% of features specific to one method). The optimization of various data processing tools, performed for the first time in an exposomics context, allowed demonstrating the necessity to adjust key parameters to accurately detect xenobiotics. Moreover, the development of a software to automatize suspect screening approaches using MS1 predictors, and of algorithms to compute confidence indices, allowed efficiently prioritizing features for manual curation. A large-scale application of this optimized workflow on 125 serum samples from the Pélagie cohort allowed demonstrating the robustness and sensitivity of this new workflow, and enriching the documented chemical exposome with the uncovering of new biomarkers of exposure
Ghislain, Thierry. "Nature, origine et réactivité de la matière organique fossile dans les sols et sédiments : développements et applications de la photoionisation - spectrométrie de masse haute résolution (APPI-QTOF) et couplage avec la chromatograhie d'exclusion stérique (SEC)." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10070/document.
Full textThe development of analytical tools for organic geochemistry analysis has increased these past years. This development has allowed answering many questions about organic matter composition. However, many issues remain to be clarified including the characterization of high molecular weight fractions and monitoring the reactivity of organic matter. This thesis has focused on both (i) existing method improvements for fossil organic geochemistry analysis but also on (ii) developing a new type of coupling between the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the APPI-QTOF mass spectrometry for high molecular weight weakly polar fractions. Adjustments on APPI-QTOF mass spectrometry have allowed a better understanding of polyaromatic organic contaminant reactivity in presence of mineral matrices. The success of this coupling has allowed a better understanding of the structure of asphaltenes. However despite the "simplification" obtained by the SEC, the large amount of information remains difficult to interpret and time-consuming. A mathematical model has been developed based on numerical and statistical analysis of mass spectra, allowing direct comparison of mass spectra and being able to identify several types of information such as origins of samples, monitoring of physico-chemical processes and also the efficiency of soil recovery treatments as well as the identification of analytical protocols
Lacroix, Marlène. "Optimisation d'une méthode de dosage de neurotransmetteurs par le couplage LC/Fluo/MS : études théoriques du marquage au NDA par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution, modélisation moléculaire et étude quantitative de relations structure-temps de rétention (3D-QSRR)." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/47/.
Full textSome amino acids and peptides are neurotransmitters involved in neurological diseases. As they are very low concentration in biological samples, HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector and a mass spectrometer is performed for the identification and the quantification of these molecules. As amino acids are not fluorescent natively, they are labelled with a fluorogenic dye: the naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and a nucleophile (CN-). The labelling for the peptides (enkephalins) is slightly modified in order to facilitate the ionisation in positive mode in mass spectrometry: the nucleophile CN- is substituted by an aminothiol easily ionisable, the N,N-dimethylaminoethanethiol (MeAT). Some theoretical studies are investigated in molecular modelling, high resolution mass spectrometry and H/D exchange studies in order to explain the results obtained on each labelling
Selliez-Vandernotte, Laura. "Optimisation de l'analyse de la matière organique à l'aide d'un nouveau spectromètre de masse basé sur le CosmOrbitrap dans un contexte de future mission spatiale." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2018/document.
Full textMass spectrometry is a key tool in space exploration, for the analysis of organic matter of many Solar System bodies. In this dissertation, we mainly focus on Titan. This amazing object in the Solar System shows a very rich organic chemistry from the ionosphere to the surface. Mass spectrometers aboard the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft have allowed the detection of many organic compounds. However, instrumental limits in terms of analytical performances lead scientists to develop new high resolution mass spectrometry techniques (HRMS).My PhD is rooted to the development of a new high resolution mass analyzer based on the Orbitrap technology, for a space application. This project is named CosmOrbitrap. The efficiency of a simple and compact instrumental version of CosmOrbitrap coupled with a laser ablation ionization process (LAb-CosmOrbitrap) is demonstrated on organic matter analyses in the framework of a future space mission. Univocal identification of pure organics compounds and complex organic mixtures, analytical performances such as mass resolving power, mass accuracy and isotopic abundances determination as well as the impact of the pressure on the mass resolution of organics are part of this dissertation. The study of laboratory analogs of Titan aerosols (named tholins) shows capabilities of the LAb-CosmOrbitrap to provide a deep chemical analysis of exobiological environment
Almoric, Jean. "Développement d'un nouvel instrument couplant FIB/SEM UHV et OTOF-SIMS à haute résolution spatiale pour la microélectronique et ses applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0368.
Full textSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is probably the most widely used chemical analysis technique in semiconductor science and metallurgy because of its ultimate sensitivity to all elements, especially the lighter ones. With systems downsizing, high-resolution 3D chemical imaging is becoming a prerequisite for the development of new materials. In this thesis, we report the development and optimization of an innovative SIMS implemented in a scanning electron microscope. The equipment makes it possible to obtain elementary chemical mapping at very high resolution (~25nm). The capacity of the technique is demonstrated with the characterization at the nanometric scale on the one hand of metallic superalloys necessary for the manufacture of aircraft engine parts and on the other hand of chalcogenide alloys used in the latest generation phase change memories developed in microelectronics
Javelle, Thomas. "Caractérisation de molécules organiques au sein d’analogues d’objets du système solaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0490.
Full textOrganic matter is at least composed of one carbon-hydrogen bond. It is highly linked to biological activity on earth. However, we know from two centuries old studies that this matter is not exclusively produced from living systems. Three main production and alteration processes can be identified: biological (photosynthesis…), geological (petroleum…) and abiotic (secondary aerosols…). Titan's clouds, Europa's and Enceladus' oceans, meteoritic rocks or even cometary ices… All over the solar system a surprisingly complex abiotic organic chemistry has been found. Among all of these wonderful places, comets are the ones that remained unchanged for almost 4.5 billion years. Studying their composition provides a better understanding of both the solar system formation and the origin of organic matter on Earth. During this PhD thesis, the expected comet composition as space missions would study them is studied. Thus, an original experimental protocol allowing the recovery and identification of organic matter from synthetic comets is developed. The keystone of this study is that organic matter of a comet is divided into two main phases: solid or gaseous. The main objective is to identify the existing correlations between both of them. This manuscript is organized into four chapters. First, the current knowledge linking organic matter and comets as well as the first results in this field is detailed. Second, the developed protocols for cometary analogs solid phase analysis as well as developed tools is described. Third, the gas phase recovery experimental protocol is presented. Lastly, the first results and the first highlighted correlations are shown
Boireau-Adamezyk, Elise. "Spectroscopies vibrationnelles (MCR et ATR-FTIR) et Chromatographie Liquide couplée à la Spectrométrie de Masse Haute Résolution (LC-HR-MS) : Outils d’investigation in vivo de l’impact du vieillissement cutané sur le Stratum Corneum aux niveaux tissulaire, supra-moléculaire et moléculaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112070/document.
Full textSkin is the external surface defining the human body in space. Its outer-most layer is a thin biological membrane, called Stratum Corneum(SC), that protects the internal organs from desiccation as well as chemical or mechanical external aggressions. The present thesis aimsin a first step, to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic aging on SCphysiology,based on available literature. The experimental part addresses the gaps in our understanding of the effects of chronological aging and photoaging on the SC barrier function and hydration, using traditional methods (such as trans epidermal water loss and skin conductance) as well as more advanced ones (vibrational spectroscopies, liquid chromatography in normal phase tandem mass spectrometry high resolution with an APCI source and an Orbitrap detector. As these methods are non-invasive, all studies have been carried out in vivo. The evolution of the barrier function has been studied at the tissular, molecular and supramolecular levels using confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Then the link between the intrinsic aging and the ceramides of the intercorneocytary lipid matrix has been studied by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The discriminant molecules between young and old population have been identified by a chemometric analysis. The evolution of cutaneous hydration at the tissular, molecular and supramolecular level has also been investigated. The variations in the NMF composition and the SC water content have been studied by Raman spectral descriptors. Moreover, the structural variations of water molecules impacting the supramolecular organization of the lipid structures have been evaluated. Chronological aging and chronic exposure to environmental factors mildly affect SC barrier function and hydration levels. However, the processes controlling these properties are affected by aging in a site-dependent fashion
Gardia-Parège, Caroline. "Développement et applications de l'analyse dirigée par l'effet pour la recherche et l'identification de contaminants à risque pour les écosystèmes aquatiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0063/document.
Full textTo date, environmental risk assessment is based on targeted chemical analyses. These analyses allow the detection of known active compounds and this preselected set does not often explain the observed toxic effects in complex environmental samples (e.g. unknown compounds, transformation product, cocktail effect...). For an integrative contamination assessment, a multidisciplinary approach, Effect-Directed Analysis (EDA) was developed. This approach combining biological tools and chemical analyses allows determining active compounds and identitying them in such environmental complex mixtures. EDA aims at the establishment of cause-effect relationships by sequential reduction of the complexity of environmental mixtures, eventually to individual toxicants. The aims of this thesis were (1) to develop and to validate the EDA-based strategy on various environmental complex samples; (2) to set up an identification strategy for identifying non targeted or unknown molecules using high resolution mass spectrometry; (3) to prove the usefulness of EDA approach for the identification of active compounds in environnemental complex samples. This thesis work provides to a complet bio-analytical approach from the preparation step of samples to the identification of molecules. The potential of this tool was fully confirmed on various environmental studies. These investigations allowed establishing a list of non-target compounds which can represent a risk for the environment
Maillard, Julien. "Composition chimique du brouillard de Titan par mobilité ionique couplée à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution Comparison of soluble and insoluble organic matter in analogues of Titan's aerosols Optimization of ion trajectories in a dynamically harmonized Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance cell using a Design of Experiments strategy Structural Study of Analogues of Titan's Haze by Trapped Ion Mobility Coupled with a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometer. High resolution mass spectrometry for future space missions: comparative analysis of complex organic matter with LAb-CosmOrbitrap and LDI-FTICR. Structural elucidation of soluble organic matter: Application to Titan's haze. Dark-ageing of analogues of aerosols in the atmosphere of the early Earth." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV023.
Full textAlthough the prebiotic challenge is important, the study of aerosols in the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's largest moon, remains a challenge for the scientific community. Indeed, the data collected by the Voyager and Cassini-Huygens probes made it possible to retrieve the first information but not to unlock the secrets of this particle fog. The purpose of this thesis is to study the chemical composition of these aerosols through their reproduction on Earth. The first approach presented is molecular characterization using high resolution mass spectrometry. In this section, the comparison between the soluble and insoluble fraction of these samples and their ageing will be presented. Then, the investigation of the growth of these aerosols is presented through the use of tandem mass spectrometry. The last part of this thesis presents the study of the three-dimensional structure. For this purpose, ion mobility coupled with mass spectrometry has been used and will be reported in two parts, one in TWIMS-Synapt and the other in TIMS-FTICR. Finally, a study in Atomic Force Microscopy will be presented and will make it possible to show real structures of molecules present in aerosols thanks to the magnification provided by this type of microscope
Pourchet, Mariane. "Development of non-targeted approaches to evidence emerging chemical hazard : Identification of new biomarkers of internal human exposure, in order to support human biomonitoring and the study of the link between chemical exposure and human health." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR141F.
Full textHuman exposure to chemical contaminants may impact his health. Biomonitoring programs are conducted in many countries to assess both this exposure, its consequence on human health, and the efficiency of regulatory and risk management provisions. The European Union launched the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) project in 2017 to consolidate a pan-European network in this field, and better document the reality of chemical exposure of European citizens and establish the possible link with human health. The historical approaches used to characterise the exposure, known as targeted methods, are efficient to monitor and quantify already known substances. However, they do not allow to reflect the complexity of human exposure and in particular do notcapture new contaminants of emerging concern. To overcome this lack of completeness, new approaches such as suspect and non-targeted screening are today developed. The present thesis work, part of the HBM4EU project, aimed to develop such non-targeted analytical strategies from sample preparation, LC- and GC-HRMS profiling, to data processing. Several human matrices were considered with special emphasis on perinatal exposure. This work led to a first proof-of-concept demonstrating the interest of these approaches for identifying emerging chemicals without a priori. These researches have also highlighted main challenges to be faced in the development of these approaches for all laboratories wishing to join this dynamic
Messedi, Mounir. "Automatisation d'un spectromètre de masse : application à l'analyse des gaz résiduels d'une capsule contenant une puce AsGa." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES049.
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