Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie d’Impédance Électrochimique'
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Larfaillou, Séverin. "Application de la spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique à la caractérisation et au diagnostic de microbatteries tout solide." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112030/document.
Full textThe goal of this work is to develop characterization and non-destructive diagnosis of all-solid-state lithium microbatteries, essentially by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This work is based on commercial microbatteries EnFilmTM EFL700A39, built with the lithium metal architecture Li/LiPON/LiCoO2. Firstly, the elemental characterization of active layers allowed us to identify the main properties of the ionic motion in the solid electrolyte layer. Secondly, characterization of the positive electrode (LiCoO2) revealed the existence of more or less conductive areas inside the layer. Theses areas can cause ionics or electronics limitations during battery operation. The study of the entire microsystems by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was then performed according to lithiation rate (SOC), number of cycles, and battery aging. The results obtained allowed the building of an electrical equivalent circuit for modeling the behaviour of the different active layers of a microbattery in use. This model also allows targeting the origins of any failures after manufacturing or upon microbattery aging. Additional works on lithium free systems (LiCoO2/LiPON/Cu) reveals a strong electrochemical interaction between in situ deposited lithium and copper current collector (partially oxidized) and highlight the critical importance of the very first cycles of the cell for subsequent performance
Le, Minh Hai. "Electrodéposition de film de SnO2 nanostructurés pour la détection électrochimique sans marquage d'ADN." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI091/document.
Full textFor environmental in situ diagnostic, as well as for medical point of care diagnostic, quick andaffordable sensing devices are of importance. Label-free biosensors based on electrical orelectrochemical detection methods can provide such features. In previous studies, we havedemonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using semiconductive SnO2 2D dense films fornon-faradic electrochemical impedance DNA detection. The aim of the present study is (i) toimprove the sensing performances by using SnO2 nanostructures in order to benefit from highspecific surface, and (ii) to study the influence of the morphology and microstructure on theimpedimetric DNA detection signal.We performed the cathodic electrodeposition of SnO2 nanostructures. By changing relevantprocessing parameters, two kinds of nanostructures were deposited: 3D nanoporous films and 1Dnanowires. Both nanostructures have been characterized in terms of morphology, microstructureand electrochemical properties.Our results emphasize the importance of both the microstructural and morphological organizationson the impedimetric signal upon DNA hybridization. Opposite tendencies are found. DNAhybridization induces a decrease of the impedance in the case of 3D-nanoporous films, whereasan increase of impedance is obtained in the case of 1D NWs. Indeed, following the dimensionalityof the nanostructures, either external cause - ion transport - or internal cause - field effectphenomenon - can contribute to the impedance variation.The performances of the sensors have also been analyzed, namely: sensitivity, selectivity andreusability. Compared to the 2D dense and 3D nanoporous films, the 1D SnO2 nanowires are morefavorable in term of sensitivity, showing a detection limit of 2 nM
Medina, Elise. "Synthèse de revêtements anticorrosion par voie sol-gel pour la protection de l’alliage 2024 T3. Caractérisation par spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique et ellipsométrie in situ." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS673.
Full textAluminum alloy 2024 T3 is widely used in the aeronautical field due to its high weight-to-strength ratio. However, such material is particularly sensitive to corrosion because of its heterogeneous structure. To protect these alloys, the current strategy is to use a three layer stack doped with CrVI based corrosion inhibitors. Nevertheless, those substances are highly toxic. Therefore, their replacement has become a critical issue for the aircraft industry. In this context, synthesis and characterization of new protective coatings are particularly important. The objective of this work is thus to study materials evolution and corrosion phenomena using in situ ellipsometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Coupling those tow techniques provides new insights to understand the relationship between coating synthesis, microstructure, durability and anticorrosion properties. On one hand, a study has been done on hybrid hydrophobic layers to enhance barrier properties. On the other hand, mesostructured layers, potential matrix for anticorrosion inhibitors have been studied. The final goal is to couple those two materials in a multi-layer system in order to optimize anticorrosion properties
Haddache, Fatima. "Conception de biocapteurs à ADN photoélectrochimiques et impédancemétriques à base de polymères électrogénérés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI106/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the conception and optimization of impedancemetric and photoelectrochemical DNA biosensors based on the modification of electrodes with electrogenerated polymers. Different types of interactions involving DNA were studied: DNA/DNA repair protein, hybridization and aptamer/target molecule.In the first part, a poly-(pyrrole-NTA)-modified electrode was used to immobilize a protein involved in DNA repair: the Fpg (Formamidopyrimidine DNA Glycosylase) from D. radiodurans. This protein was previously tagged with histidine to be immobilized via a (NTA)Cu-histidine interaction. This protein detects and removes 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxo-G), a DNA damage caused by irradiation in double stranded DNA. We studied the behavior of this Fpg with DNA duplexes with and without 8-oxo-G nucleotide by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and SPR.In the second part, we report the design of novel photoelectrochemical biosensor based on a multifunctional complex, (Ru(bpy-pyrrole)2(dppn)]2+) (bpy-pyrrole=4-methyl-4'-butylpyrrole-2,2'-bipyridine, dppn= benzo[i]dipyrido-[3,2-a:2'.3'-c]phenazine) exhibiting photo-sensitive, DNA-intercalating and electro-polymerizable properties. This modified electrode achieves photoelectrochemical detection on planar electrode by intercalating HIV-DNA duplexes or aptamer–cocaine complexes. The photocurrent generated through visible irradiation was correlated to the oligonucleotides concentration. Low detection limits of 10-15 mol L-1 and sensitivity of 0.01 unit per decade were measured, demonstrating excellent adequacy of these modified electrodes towards duplex HIV DNA detection. For the cocaine detection, the photelectrochemical aptasensor was based on the immobilization of a 10-7 mol L-1 double-fragment anti-cocaine aptamer and finally exhibited a linear range between 10-6 and 5x10-4 mol L-1 and a detection limit of 10-6 mol L-1
Shirsath, Anantrao Vijay. "Mise au point expérimentale de la spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique par modulation de pression pour la caractérisation des phénomènes de transport dans une pile à combustible à membrane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0148.
Full textProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have mainly drawn the attention of the transport sector towards them as they promise a much cleaner fuel option than fossil fuels. For the automobile industry, PEMFC operation at high current density is of particular interest as it allows to obtain high power density. Although a PEMFC can sustain the high current density operation, it heavily relies on the fuel and oxidant's uninterrupted supply to respective electrodes transported through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) to the catalytic site to perform optimally. At high current density, the performance of PEMFCs is governed by various coupled transport processes, and it can decline because of poor transport phenomena. These limitations in the transport phenomena increase with the aging of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and pose problems such as increased diffusion control of oxygen due to the risk of flooding and uneven distribution of the gases. EIS is a frequency response analysis (FRA) technique that uses transfer functions between electrical variables to study the system's dynamics typically in the range 10 kHz to 100 mHz. EIS can be used to decouple certain performance losses such as ohmic losses, charge transfer, and kinetic losses at high and moderate frequencies to identify the source of degradation, and to some extent, mass transport limitations in the lower-frequency region. However, the mass transport processes (such as gas transport and liquid water transport) have time constants with a comparable order of magnitude (over one second), and using electrical variables to analyze them can lead to observation of coupled or combined processes. Therefore, spectral analysis of an EIS response can lead to poor decoupling and interpretation of transport processes causing misleading conclusions about performance limitations because of poor transport phenomena.These ambiguities have set the wheels in motion to search for novel diagnostic techniques based on the transfer function between a non-electrical and an electrical variable to decouple and interpret transport processes. This work is dedicated to experimental development and validation of such a diagnostic technique called electrochemical pressure impedance spectroscopy (EPIS), which uses gas pressure as the non-electric variable. In this work, the transfer function between the cathode back-pressure and the cell voltage was analyzed at a constant current density to characterize the transport processes in the fuel cell. EPIS was performed by applying fluctuations of the gas pressure at the fuel cell cathode outlet in the frequency range 1 mHz – 1 Hz to gaze into transport processes. An experimental bench was designed and set up for reliable EPIS measurements on a single UBzM FC. Conditions and constraints of pressure modulation in the test bench were thoroughly examined, leading to a standard operation protocol. EPIS was tested in various operating conditions specifically designed to decouple the two principal transport processes in a fuel cell i.e., (1) gas transport and (2) liquid water transport and its control over gas transport. EPIS has shown significant sensitivity towards gas transport in dry conditions, both in terms of impedance modulus and phase shift, especially over 100 mhz. In addition, in flooding conditions, variations in the impedance modulus were observed in the lower frequency region, below 100 mhz. The phase shift behavior in flooding conditions is slightly unclear and would need more investigation. Besides, these obtained results with dry and flooding conditions tend to evidence the control of transport phenomena in the fuel cell by EPIS. The work explored the potential of EPIS as a complementary tool to EIS in the low-frequency region as it can evidence the transport phenomena and can decouple them from each other
Benlarbi, Mouhssine. "Étude de composites conducteurs et semi-conducteurs : transducteurs électrochimiques pour biocapteurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10074/document.
Full textThe first part of this study report the development of semiconducting composites consisting ofsemiconducting nano-objects (N doped, P doped silicon or metals oxides, ZnO, SnO2, NiO) held together inan insulating polymeric matrix and exhibiting typical semiconductor impedance signals according to thecharge used and with clear differentiation between the two fundamental type of semiconductor, n-type and ptype.This new composites have been used as screen-printing ink. Electrodes on various substrates (PVC,glass) have been successfully prepared following this cost-effective method. Surface functionalization ofthese electrodes by chemicals compounds and biomolecules was studied using impedance spectroscopy andchemiluminescent detection in order to assess their integration as electrochemical transducers in sensorsand biosensors microdevices.The second part of this work consisted in photopatternable conductive composite elaboration using a simpleand straightforward route based on SU-8 epoxy-based negative photoresist matrix mixed with carbon filler.The electrodes, obtained by the classical photolithography method, and after an electrochemical pretreatment,exhibited very good electrochemical behaviors, opening the path to various electrochemicaldetections and grafting possibilities. Finally, the direct electrografting of biomolecules was demonstratedusing aniline modified oligonucleotide probes. The grafted probes were shown to be available for targethybridization and the material compatible with a chemiluminescent detection of the interactions between theimmobilized single stranded DNA and its complementary sequence in a 100 pM to 200 nM range
Fouquet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de l’état de fonctionnement d’une pile à combustible PEM par spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique : application a la surveillance en temps réel du contenu en eau de l’assemblage membrane électrode." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECLI0004.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop a method allowing for non intrusive real time state-of-health monitoring of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. To do so, a model based approach is coupled with voltage and current dynamic measurements. The model used in this study is inspired by the Randles equivalent electrical circuit. It was found that monitoring the evolution of the three resistances of this modified Randles model was an efficient and robust way of monitoring the state-of-health of the fuel cell stack, as far as flooding and drying out is concerned. Three perturbations which could potentially cause false alarm are then investigated : fuel cell aging, cathode poisoning by nitrogen and sulfur dioxyde and hydrogen dilution by nitrogen. The aim is then to show that this method is still operational in an on-board environment, in which pure sinusoidal excitation of the fuel cell is unavailable and real time performance mandatory. The impedance spectrum is thus derived from time resolved EIS measurements on a square signal. Parameters estimation is done in the frequency domain, using a Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
Wakem, Fankem Walter. "Outils diagnostiques pour l’étude du LiFePO[indice inférieur 4] dans les batteries au lithium." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10501.
Full textGallardo, Gonzalez Juan. "Développement d'un laboratoire sur puce pour la détection des amphétamines dans les égouts." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1191/document.
Full textThe work in this thesis is devoted to the development of an autarkic device for real-time monitoring of amphetamines in sewage. It has been developed within the EU project Micromole to help Law Enforcement Agents (LEA) to solve forensic scenarios related to the production of amphetamines and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). It is composed of three main sections. The first section is devoted to the development of two generation of potentiometric sensors for the detection of amphetamines using first, the commercial ionophore dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether, then the synthesized ion-pair complex [amphetamine-H]+[3,3’-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]- as active sites for amphetamine recognition. The second section is dedicated to the fabrication of a passive microfluidic system integrated into a Lab-on-a-Chip to protect the sensor from the harsh environment through the control of the sample amount reaching the sensor. For this purpose, the microfluidic system formed a combination of passive micromixers, microfilters and microchannels. The final section was devoted to the development of an autarkic sample storage unit to help LEA to store spontaneous samples during forensic investigations related to the clandestine production of amphetamines in illegal laboratories
Sapountzi, Eleni. "Développement de nouveaux supports basés sur des nanofibres de matériaux hybrides électrofilées pour le développement de biocapteurs électrochimiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10122/document.
Full textThe work detailed within this manuscript describes the development of three novel efficient electroactive platforms based on electrospun nanofibrous hybrid materials for further application to electrochemical biosensors elaboration. The performance of biosensors is enhanced by their coupling with nanoscale materials, due to the unique properties that the latter exhibit. Although electroctrospun fibers find applications in various fields, their exploitation for biosensing is still in an early but promising stage. Herein, different polymeric nanofibers incorporating carbon nanotubes, decorated with gold nanoparticles or coated with conducting polypyrrole/poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) films were used as platforms for the development of biosensors. Glucose oxidase was used as a model enzyme to validate the performance of the developed biosensors. The enzyme was either incorporated into the nanofibers or covalently immobilized onto their surface. These innovative biosensors, characterized by different microscopic and electrochemical techniques, enabled successful detection of glucose by employing cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, whilst demonstrating enhanced performances over conventional biosensors in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility and stability
Lahalle, Hugo. "Conditionnement de l'aluminium métallique dans les ciments phospho-magnésiens." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS048/document.
Full textThis work deals with the stabilization / solidification of radioactive waste using cement.More particularly, it aims at assessing the chemical compatibility between metallic aluminum and mortars based on magnesium phosphate cement. The physical and chemical processes leading to setting and hardening of the cement are first investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P and11B MAS-NMR) arefirst used to characterize the solid phases formed during hydration, while inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis (ICP-AES), electrical conductimetry and pH measurementsprovide information on the pore solution composition. Then,the corrosion of metallic aluminum in magnesium phosphate mortars is studied by monitoring the equilibrium potential and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Magnesium phosphate cement is prepared from a mix of magnesium oxide (MgO) and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KH2PO4). In the presence of water, hydration occurs according to a dissolution – precipitation process. The main hydrate is K-struvite (MgKPO4.6H2O). Its precipitation is preceded by that of two transient phases: phosphorrösslerite (MgHPO4.7H2O) and Mg2KH(PO4)2.15H2O. Boric acid retards cement hydration by delaying theformation of cement hydrates. Two processes may be involved in this retardation: the initial precipitation of amorphous or poorly crystallized minerals containing boron and phosphorus atoms, and/or the stabilization of cations (Mg2+, K+) in solution.As compared with a Portland cement-based matrix, corrosion of aluminum is strongly limited in magnesium phosphate mortar. The pore solution pH is close to neutrality and falls within the passivation domain of aluminum. Corrosion depends on several parameters: it is promoted by a water-to-cement ratio (w/c) significantly higher than the chemical water demand of cement (w/c = 0.51), and by the addition of boric acid. On the contrary, lithium nitrate, dissolved in the mixing solution, acts as a corrosion inhibitor.A 4-step mechanism makes it possible to model the impedance diagrams. The evolution of the corrosion rate and of the amount of dihydrogen released with ongoing hydration is then calculated The results are in good agreement with the experimental determination of the H2 production by aluminum sheets embedded in magnesium phosphate mortar
Chauveau, Florent. "Synthèse et caractérisations électrochimiques de nouveaux matériaux pour anodes d'électrolyseurs à haute température." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13944/document.
Full textHigh temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) is a way to produce hydrogen with a high purity, with noteworthy efficiency and without CO2 emission. Nowadays, a blocking point concerning this technology is the high overvoltage related to the oxidation of the O2- ions occurring at the oxygen electrode (anode). The aim of this work was to design new anode materials with mixed conducting properties (i.e. electronic and ionic), in order to obtain larger reaction areas and to lessen this overvoltage. In this aim, eight compounds (ferrites and rare earth nickelates) were investigated. After synthesis and shaping, these compounds were characterized using physical, chemical and electrochemical analyses in symmetrical half cells, under single atmosphere, in order to determine which ones have the best properties under zero current and under anodic polarization. Four compounds of structure derived from K2NiF4-type were then selected to be more accurately characterized in complete electrolyte supported cells, under HTSE conditions (750 - 850°C). It was then possible to obtain, for a 1.3 V cell voltage, a current density of 0.9 A/cm² at 850°C, which is nearly two times larger than the one obtained with a same cell including a commercial composite material based on strontium substituted LaMnO3 as anode
Radvanyi, Etienne. "Compréhension des mécanismes de (dé)lithiation et de dégradation d'électrodes de silicium pour accumulateur Li-ion et étude de facteurs influents." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI005/document.
Full textThe work presented here focuses on electrodes made of silicon, a promising material to replace graphite as an anode active material for Li-ion Batteries (LIBs). The first part of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of silicon (de)lithiation mechanisms by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). By using this technique of surface characterization, which allows investigating individual particles in their electrode environment, our results show that the first silicon lithiation occurs through a two-phase region mechanism cr-Si / a-Li3,1Si, whereas the following (de)lithiation steps are solid solution type process. Upon (de)alloying with lithium, silicon particles undergo huge volume variations leading to a quick capacity fading. By combining several techniques of characterization, the failure mechanisms of a silicon electrode are studied during aging. In particular, by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and mercury porosimetry analyses, an impressive dynamic upon cycling of the electrode porosity is shown. A model, which mainly attributes the capacity fading to the Solid Electrolyte Interphase instability at the silicon particles surface, is proposed. To try to stabilize this passivation layer and thus improve silicon electrodes electrochemical performances, the influence of two parameters is studied: the electrolyte and the “lithiation domain” of silicon; the latter is associated with the evolution of the active material composition upon cycling. Finally, by using these last results, promising performances are obtained for silicon electrode containing LIBs
Walus, Sylwia. "Accumulateur lithium/soufre : développement et compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI020/document.
Full textIn this work two main aspects has been conducted in parallel. The first one was focused on betterunderstanding the very complex working mechanism of Li/S cell. Structural changes evolution ofactive material upon real time battery operation was explored, giving a clear answer on thesolid/liquid reaction evolution, which govern the electrochemistry of Li/S technology. Formationof another allotropic form of sulfur (monoclinic beta-S8) during recharging the battery have beenreported for the first time ever in Li/S community. Impedance technique applied to such systemprovided additional information concerning the kinetics of these reactions. Apart from that,another aspect targeted rather on improvements of already existing solutions (making better sulfurelectrodes, with significantly improved specific capacities) as well as development the alternativesolutions, i.e. fabrication and test of new Li2S-based positive electrodes, which could be apromising transition from classical Li/S cells into safer Li-ion/S batteries
Efligenir, Anthony. "Estimation des propriétés électriques/diélectriques et des performances de séparation d'ions métalliques de membranes d'ultrafiltration et/ou de nanofiltration." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2039/document.
Full textThe characterization of electrical and dielectric properties of UF and NF membranes is an essential step to understand their filtration performance. A new approach has been developed to determine the dielectric properties of a NF membrane by impedance spectroscopy. This is based on the isolation of the membrane active layer and the use of mercury as conductive material, which allowed us to prove that the dielectric constant of the solution inside nanopores is lower than that of the external solution. Two cell configurations (fibers immersed in the solution or fibers embedded in an insulating gel) were investigated for the implementation of tangential electrokinetic measurements with hollow fibers and the solution around the fibers was found to influence both streaming current and cell electrical conductance. Moreover, the important contribution of the fiber porous body to the streaming current does not allow the conversion of the latter to luminal zeta potential. The advantageous properties of these membranes were finally used to decontaminate solutions containing metal ions. Decontamination performances in terms of both pollutant retention and ecotoxicological impact were studied on synthetic solutions and a discharge water from surface treatment industry. Although retention performances were remarkable, the toxicity of the real effluent could not be totally annihilated. A thorough study of the retention of non-metallic contaminants is thus required
Tigane, Rafik. "Caractérisation des phénomènes de stiction d’un couple disque/garniture de friction." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789653.
Full textThe phenomenon of stiction occurs at the pad-brake disc interface by the adhesion of the pad to the disc when the parking brake is applied long enough. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon are, to date, largely unexplained. However, from observations made on surfaces of disc-pad pairs having undergone a stiction, the hypothesis according to which the corrosion products of the disc, by becoming encrusted in the pores of the friction material, would be at the origin of this phenomenon, was privileged. The work of this thesis focused on understanding the phenomenon of stiction by focusing on three components which are: (a) the characterization of the electrochemical behavior of various disc-pad couples using measurements to monitor the corrosion potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry, (b) the mechanistic study of corrosion phenomena at the disc-pad interface and (c) the study of the pressure effect on corrosion phenomena of the disc-pad couple. The study without a clamping force allowed us, to demonstrate an exacerbated reactivity of the disc in the presence of the pad and to establish a selection criterion for the disc-pad torque. Monitoring the movement of the pad during electrochemical measurements with a clamping force revealed that corrosion products, accumulating at the disc-pad interface, exerted a force on the pad, confirming the hypothesis put forward during this thesis to explain the phenomenon of stiction
Sharma, Rakesh. "Conception innovante de cathodes à base de nickelates de terres rares pour piles à combustible à oxyde électrolyte solide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI091/document.
Full textLayered Ruddlesden-Popper type (RP) oxides are promising cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperature (~500 - 700 °C).This thesis is focused on the synthesis of mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials such as pure La2-xPrxNiO4+δ, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, higher order Lan+1NinO3n+1 (n= 1, 2 and 3) RP phases and composites adding Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO) component. An innovative microstructure and architecture of these electrodes were successfully prepared using electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and screen-printing (SP) processes. These materials were evaluated through structural, compositional, oxygen non-stoichiometry and microstructural characterizations using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties and chemical stability of these oxygen electrodes are discussed according to the architectural design and composition using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Finally, a single SOFC based on LaPrNiO4+δ cathode has been tested.Keywords: Solid Oxide Fuel cell(SOFC), Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conductor (MIEC), Cathode, Nickelates, Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ (CGO), Coral-type microstructure, architectural design, interfaces, chemical stability, Electrostatic Spray Deposition (ESD), Screen-Printing (SP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
Marinha, Daniel. "Nouvelles électrodes à architecture contrôlée pour piles à combustible à oxydes solides fonctionnant à température intermédiaire." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0110.
Full textThe goal of this thesis regards the preparation, microstructural and electrochemical characterization of tailored cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells in planar configuration. The objective is to decrease the cathode overpotential by facilitating the access of oxygen to larger surface areas, thus increasing the active cathode volume. In this sence, the microstructural optimization of a La0. 6Sr0. 4Co0. 2Fe0. 8O3-8 (LSCF) cathode, deposited onto gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO) electrolytes has been investigated. For film deposition, we have chosen to work with electrostatic spray deposition technique (ESD) which allows the preparation of original microstructures with potential interest for SOFC technologies. The performance of the LSCF films was characterized in detail by means of impedance spectroscopy measurements, as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure
Desplanche, Sarah. "De l'étude fondamentale d’hydrates d’acide fort par spectroscopie de vibration et de relaxation à l'application de leur super-conductivité protonique pour le développement d'une micropile à combustible." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0171/document.
Full textFuel cells (FC) using hydrogen possess very good energy performance and produce no greenhouse gases. It presents itself today as a clean and efficient solution. This alternative could then become a possible substitute for fossil fuels and palliate for the intermittency ofcertain renewable energies.There are various types of FC, mainly distinguished by the nature of the electrolyte that composes their proton exchange membrane. Using strong acid clathrate hydrates as solid electrolyte represents an alternative for which very little is known nowadays. These systems are nanoporous crystalline solids consisting of a water host network forming nanometric cavities encapsulating guest molecules. In the case of strong acid clathrate hydrates, the confinement of acidic species within the aqueous cages generates proton excess that isdelocalized along their aqueous network. At room temperature, these clathrate hydrates have then excellent proton conductivity, which is higher than that of the FCs membranes currently used. The objective of this PhD was to develop an electrolyte based on hexafluorophosphoricacid clathrate hydrate (one of the best-known conductors of this class of system) on the basisof a fundamental physico-chemical approach, and to develop a miniaturized FC assemblyincorporating this new electrolyte.At a fundamental level, it was necessary to understand the driving factors responsible for the super-protonic conductivity of these systems and in particular, the relationship between the conductivity and the hydration number (i.e. water to acid molar ratio in the clathrate). The microscopic mechanisms have been studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging, supplemented by nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. A set of results concerning the structure (clathrate type, phase transition and thermodynamic stability), the dynamics (vibrational modes, proton diffusion and kinetics) and the chemistry (inclusion of fluorinated impurities) has thus been obtained. As a selective and microscopic probe, the Raman scattering technique provided unique information. It allowed to probe the acid-cages interactions, to propose an experimental protocol monitoring the hydration number and also,to reveal, for the first time, a microstructuration of the clathrate hydrate only observed abovea hydration threshold. These physico-chemical properties have been correlated with the conductivity measurements, making it possible to understand the impact of the hydration number and of the chemical impurities onto the electrochemical performances of the solid electrolyte. All these results led to an original technological development. A new micro-fuel cell using hexafluorophosphoric acid hydrates as the electrolyte has been designed. This development offers a FC with performances comparable to the FCs currently available and operating from room temperature to negative temperatures
Tarhouchi, Ilyas. "Etude des phases Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) comme électrolyte pour batteries tout-solide massives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0220/document.
Full textBy replacing the liquid electrolyte by a solid one, solid state batteries are oftenconsidered as a solution to safety issues in current Li-ion batteries. The recentdiscovery of Li10GeP2S12 with so-called LGPS structure, which exhibits an ionicconductivity equivalent to that of liquid electrolytes, has boosted related researchactivities.In this perspective, we studied the Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) materials with LGPSstructure, using various methods to characterize the structure (XRD, 31P NMR,Mössbauer spectroscopy …), the ionic mobility/conductivity (7Li NMR, Impedancespectroscopy), and the electrochemical properties (cycling voltammetry,galvanostatic cycling) of the material.Commercially available Li10SnP2S12 batches contain impurities and there remains anambiguity in the actual composition of the LGPS type phase. Modelling of the 31PNMR shifts reveals the effect of lithium in neighboring octahedral sites. Impedencemeasurements suggest reactivity with Li metal, and cyclic voltammetry confirms thatthe material is highly unstable at low potential, which excludes its use as a simpleelectrolyte in solid state batteries. We propose that it might be used both as anelectrolyte and as a negative electrode.The preliminary study on silicon based materials highlights difficulties in obtaining apure LGPS-type compound and questions the real nature of the so-calledthio-LiSICON structural model. Besides, it also shows the instability of thesematerials versus lithium metal
Hilario, Fanny. "Synthèse et caractérisations de nanotubes de TiO2 pour applications biomédicales : propriétés électrochimiques et bioactivité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI121/document.
Full textTitanium (Ti) is a biocompatible material widely used in the biomedical field, especially for orthopedic implants (for instance hip or knee replacement). It is particularly corrosion resistant and shows remarkable osseointegration properties. However, plane Ti surfaces are not bioactive enough to be implanted; they need to be improved by surface treatments. Surface modification of Ti by anodization enables to synthesize self-organized and vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes (NTs). This cheap, fast and easily implementable technique also permits a fine tuning of NTs morphology (diameter, length, wall look, etc.). Moreover, since as-anodized NTs are amorphous, crystalline structure may be adjusted by heat treatment, producing anatase structure (450°C) or a mixed structure of anatase and rutile (550°C).Therefore, surfaces of different morphologies and crystalline structures have been synthesized in order to evaluate the influence of these characteristics on corrosion resistance in physiological medium and on bioactivity (hydroxyapatite formation and cell response).We demonstrated that crystallized NTs are more corrosion resistant and more bioactive than amorphous ones or even than flat Ti surfaces. More precisely, considering electrochemical, thermal, mechanical, chemical and bioactive aspects, it seems that mixed NTs of about 720 nm in length and 90 nm in diameter constitute an optimal surface for the present applications.Additionally, in the frame of electrochemical investigations, we focused on modeling experimental results from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The impedance response of TiO2 NTs in physiological conditions can correspond to porous electrode model as developed by De Levie. However, for non-ideal electrodes, this theory can be generalized and modeled by transmission lines. Thus, the transmission line model developed in this study fits very well with experimental measurements. It suggests that TiO2 NTs are almost non-reactive, justifying their applications in biomedical fields
Vibhu, Vaibhav. "Stabilité et vieillissement des études de nickelates base praséodyme comme cathodes pour oxyde solide piles à combustible." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0017/document.
Full textThis PhD work is dedicated to stability and ageing studies of Praseodymium based nickelates ascathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). With this respect Ln2NiO4+δ (Ln=La, Pr or Nd)compounds with the K2NiF4 type structure act as alternative cathode materials for IT-SOFC due totheir mixed ionic and electronic conductivity (i.e. MIEC properties). Pr2NiO4+δ shows excellentelectrochemical properties at intermediate temperature (i.e. low polarization resistance Rp value, Rp= 0.03 Ω.cm² at 700 °C), while La2NiO4+δ exhibits higher chemical stability. So, the properties ofLa2-xPrxNiO4+δ nickelates were investigated with the aim to find best compromise between chemicalstability and electrochemical performances. After synthesis, the physical and chemical properties aswell as their transport and electrochemical properties have been determined. Measurements of thepolarization resistance of symmetrical half-cells have been carried out by impedance spectroscopy.Then, the chemical stability and the electrochemical performance of the materials have been studiedfor duration up to one month. As an interesting point, even after complete dissociation of Pr2NiO4+δinto PrNiO3-δ,Pr4Ni3O10+δ and Pr6O11, the polarization resistance does not show significant change.So finally, two new materials PrNiO3-δ and Pr4Ni3O10+δ were investigated as SOFCs cathodeshowing very promising results for Pr4Ni3O10+δ in symmetrical cell (Rp (Pr4Ni3O10+δ) = Rp(Pr2NiO4+δ) = 0.15 Ω.cm² à 600 ° C) and complete cell (1.6 W.cm-2 at 800 °C)
Eddahech, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l’état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14992/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the reliability of lithium batteries used for automotive applications. For this purpose, electric and thermal characterization methodologies as well as aging tests under several modes (calendar, power cycling, calendar/power cycling) are carried out.In a first part of the work, battery modeling and battery state estimation (state-of-charge and state-of-health) are considered.Then, based on periodic characterization from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, calendar aging is investigated. Next, we proposed an original process for precise battery state-of-health determination that exploits a full recharge and mainly constant-voltage charge step which allows easily its integration within a battery management system. Our experimental results, up to two years real-life data, confirm effectiveness of our technique.Finally, we study the capacity recovery phenomenon occurring due to combined battery aging (calendar/power cycling). This final part is almost dedicated to introduce strategies for battery use presenting at the same time a thermal behavior study