Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser (TRELIBS)'
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Morel, Stéphane. "Analyse des surfaces contaminées par spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser : application à la détection et à l'identification chimique et biologique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066265.
Full textLeone, Nicolas. "Développement d'une technique d'analyse hautement sensible et polyvalente par spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser : applications aux aérosols et aux matériaux biologiques." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004873.
Full textGravel, Jean-François. "Analyse chimique par ablation laser et caractérisation du plasma induit par laser par shadowgraphy." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26173/26173.pdf.
Full textMothe, Emilien. "Spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser appliquée à la détection de résidus d'explosifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22134.
Full textThe threat of terrorist attacks remains omnipresent in many high traffic sites. A technique capable of detecting explosives is needed to best address this threat. Initiated by the Ministère de la Défense and the Direction Générale de l’Armement, the project REI ExploLIBS aims to explore the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to detect explosive residue. Experimental and theoretical studies are carried out by Bertin Technologies in collaboration with the LP3 laboratory – UMR 6182. The ablation of polymers under different atmospheres permits to characterize the spatial and temporal evolution of the emission of the CN and the C2 molecules. The radius of emission, the temperature and the decrease of the intensity are related to the formation process of the molecules. The additional analysis by the calculation of the composition of the plasma in local thermodynamic equilibrium reveals the presence of molecules in high concentrations in the plasma that are difficult to visualise in optical spectroscopy. These studies led to the development of a portable sensor dedicated to the detection of explosives. The detection rate is estimated at over 90% and the false positive rate below 5%. The current sensitivity limit is estimated at 55 µg.cm-2
El, Haddad Josette. "Chimiométrie appliquée à la spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser (LIBS) et à la spectroscopie terahertz." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959288.
Full textIsmaël, Amina. "Une évaluation des performances analytiques de la spectroscopie sur plasma induit par laser (LIBS)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14357/document.
Full textLaser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an elemental analytical technique which combines laser ablation with atomic emission spectroscopy. LIBS spectroscopy has many advantages but is not recognized as a fully quantitative method. Indeed, the problem of samples' heterogeneity, matrix effects, self-absorption of emission lines and the lack of repeatability deteriorate the analytical performances of LIBS. In order to improve this technique, the work presented in this thesis includes an example of analytical performances evaluation with the use of quality notions of a laboratory LIBS system. The method is here specially applied to the analysis of certified steel samples. A first study deals with the optimization of the LIBS system for the quantitative analysis. As the effect of the different experimental parameters on LIBS signal is complex, a methodical protocol is necessary. Here, a parametric study is proposed to determine the experimental conditions suitable for quantitative analysis. Once optimized, the LIBS method is then characterized with basics of method validation. The trueness and the precision of the method are evaluated in conditions of repeatability and intermediate precision. This study shows promising results for LIBS technique. The application of a control chart reveals however an instability of the laboratory system and enables to introduce corrective actions to improve its analytical performances
Sirven, Jean-Baptiste. "Détection de métaux lourds dans les sols par spectroscopie d'émission sur plasma induit par laser (LIBS)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122546.
Full textDans cette thèse nous montrons d'abord que le régime femtoseconde ne présente pas d'avantages par rapport au régime nanoseconde standard pour notre problématique. Ensuite nous mettons en œuvre un traitement avancé des spectres LIBS par des méthodes chimiométriques dont les performances améliorent sensiblement les résultats des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives d'échantillons de sols.
Castello, Maryline. "Développement de l'analyse de l'or des minerais par spectroscopie d'émission de plasma induit par laser (LIBS)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33029.
Full textNumerous rock samples are taken daily from gold mines and sent to laboratories to measure their gold content. A 48-hour delay in the delivery of results may force mining operators making operational decisions prior to knowing the results. To address this issue, the emerging Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology provides in-situ real-time quantitative gold analysis. First, this technique was performed by Rifai K. (NRCBoucherville postdoctoral fellow), bringing the gold detection limit to about 0.7 ppm on all types of samples encountered in mining operations (powders, rocks to all comers, cores ...). This value corresponds to the detection limit of the device desired by the mining companies. In fact, the concentrations found in the gold deposits are generally greater than 0.7 ppm. However, some mines have a cut-off grade at this value, or in this order of magnitude. This master’s project was set up to calibrate and validate this technique. For this, petrographic and mineralogical studies of representative lithologies will be combined with quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. All of these results will provide a better understanding of the LIBS signal. Subsequently, these LIBS results will be validated by being compared with fire assay gold measurements provided by laboratories external to the project. This master’s thesis demonstrate that LIBS is a very promising method, with a percentage error (<100%) in line with that of laboratories for a faster and non-destructive method. In fact, by comparing the gold content results obtained by conventional chemical analysis from two different laboratories, the relative standard deviations on the samples that used the silica-rich calibration curve of LIBS, irrespective of the mine, are less than 100%, but becomes greater than 200% for samples using the calibration curve rich in iron and sulfur (Casa Berardi, Westwood and LaRonde mines). The gold contents obtained with LIBS, compared with the external laboratories show that the LIBS technique is very promising with relative standard deviation lower than 100%, regardless of the calibration curve used and the form of the material analyzed. The relative standard deviation between laboratories and LIBS is often lower than that found between the two laboratories. So, the LIBS technique is a very promising method. Similarly, it is possible to note an undervaluation of gold grades on rock samples and drill cores, due to the heterogeneous nature of the distribution of gold on these surfaces. However, the powder samples having a better homogeneity have a lower error percentage (<50%) and therefore a better accuracy on this type of material. In order to solve the problem of undervaluation on rocks and cores, it would be interesting to use the "k-nearest neighbors" method to take into account and statistically study censored data, i.e. those gold grades below the detection limit of the LIBS device. Currently, a generalization of these results is not yet possible due to the number of samples analyzed, but they remain very promising for the continuation of this project.
Faye, Cheikh Benoit. "Détection des polluants métalliques particulaires dans les liquides par la spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10099/document.
Full textWater pollution is a major concern, as noted by the European Community. This problem is accentuated with metallic particles and the emergence of nanostructured products such as Nano-Objects, their Aggregates and their Agglomerates (NOAA). These are the special types of pollutants owing their physicochemical properties. The monitoring and control of these pollutants in water require the development of measurement instruments which are capable to anwer this environmental problem. In this context, the technique of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been developed at INERIS. It not only allows the chemical identification of these particles pollutants present in liquids, but also the determination of their concentrations in situ and in real time. This thesis has optimized the analysis of suspensions by LIBS with two sampling modes. The first mode focused on coupling LIBS with a liquid jet in which the detection limits of titanium dioxide were estimated at 0.5 mg/L. In the second mode, the suspensions were aerosolized with a nebulizer and analyzed by LIBS. The results obtained by comparing these two sampling modes show that the liquid jet may be advantageous for the analysis of suspensions. However, the aerosol mode has a practical interest if it has an aerosolization efficiency of over 50%. Finally, this work demonstrates the applicability of LIBS as a potential tool for in situ particle analysis of suspensions such as monitoring and control of wastewater
Mercadier, Laurent. "Spectrocopie de plasma induit par laser pour l'analyse des composants face au plasma de tokamaks : étude paramétrique et mesures autocalibrées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22071/document.
Full textDuring the operation of a nuclear fusion device like the future reactor ITER, a fraction of tritium is trapped in the plasma facing components and has to be measured in order to fulfill nuclear safety requirements. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is proposed to achieve this measurement. The laser plasma produced on carbon fibre composite tiles from the Tore Supra reactor is analyzed via a parametric study : it has to have a temperature over 10000 K and an electron density over 10^17 cm^-3 to optimize the application. A calibration-free procedure that takes into account self-absorption is proposed to determine the relative concentration of hydrogen from the experimental spectra. The time- and space-resolved spectral emission of the plasma plume is investigated and reveals the presence of a temperature gradient from the core towards the periphery. This gradient is taken into account and the H/C concentration ratio is deduced. The accuracy of the results is evaluated and discussed. The study of the D/H isotopic ratio under low pressure argon reveals the presence of plume segregation that leads to an error of about 50%, error that can partially be reduced. Tungsten materials are investigated and difficulties related to spectroscopic databases are discussed. Finally, the feasibility of LIBS analysis with depth resolution is validated for multilayered metallic samples
Bernon, Céline. "La spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser ou LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) appliquée à l’analyse de surfaces contaminées par des toxiques liquides." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0917.
Full textLaser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is currently used in many fields of activity,thanks to its numerous uses. This technology allows fast measurement (10-6 s), with in situconfiguration, at ambient pressure and temperature, of different samples in gaseous, liquidor solid phase. These performances present a high interest for military applications to detectchemical agent traces on surfaces. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of thistechnology in the detection of specific chemical atoms of live agents such as phosphorus,fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur on the surface of contaminated samples representing thetheatre. In order to improve the analytical performances of classical technical LIBS of singlepulse, a double pulse method was developed and compared to single pulse method. Itsprinciple is based on the emission of two successive laser impulsions resolved in space andtime, generating in the focal point thermal plasma which relaxes in fine emitting specificradiation of the elementary composition. The analytical gains, as for detection thresholdsare evaluated for each type of samples. A comparison of the detection thresholds isestablished
Guezenoc, Julian. "AGROLIBS Spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser au service de la gestion durable des ressources agricoles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0207.
Full textIn a context of global climate change, optimizing the management of agricultural resources, and in particular the mineral elements in soils, has become a major challenge. Mineral elements are at the same time indispensable resources for plant growth and carbon storage, potential pollutants in certain environmental compartments, and potentially toxic contaminants that can be transferred from plants to humans. Current methods for the determination of these elements are very costly in terms of time and money, and from an operational point of view, it is difficult in these conditions to carry out a frequent diagnosis in the field of a deficiency or contamination situation, or to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of the characteristics of an agricultural land.The recent emergence of portable sensors and systems has made it possible to develop new methods for measuring soil and plant properties and to complement or replace conventional laboratory techniques. This is the case of LIBS, a method of atomic emission spectroscopy from a laser-generated plasma, which is fast and green as it does not rely on the use of hazardous chemical reagents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the LIBS method, and more precisely of a portable instrument, applied to the quantitative multi-elemental analysis of plant and agricultural soil samples. The evaluation of this method takes into account the sample preparation and processing steps of LIBS spectra. It was implemented according to three axes: i. The characterization of plant samples of various species under ideal conditions, ii. The characterization of soil samples representative of the major French agricultural crops (wheat, corn, sunflower) always under ideal conditions and iii. The study of the impact of factors degrading the measurement conditions in order to evaluate the possibility of implementing the LIBS technique outside the laboratory.Our study, based on the use of the SciAps Z300 LIBS, allowed the detection of the elements C, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si and P, concentrated in the g/kg range in soil and plant samples, both in laboratory conditions and in deliberately degraded conditions. On the other hand, neither nitrogen nor the elements Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn could be detected in these samples. For the analysis of plant samples, the elements Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and P were quantified using univariate regression models coupled with an adapted normalization strategy. Quantitative soil analysis required the use of PLS models to account for matrix effects. As regards the analyses in degraded conditions, we established, using an experimental design, that the moisture content, higher than 40% in plants and 20% in soils was one of the main obstacles to LIBS field analyses. We also showed that the drop in LIBS signal observed when the moisture content increases could be corrected by applying a normalization step.The results of our study are partially satisfactory in terms of the quantitative performance of the regression models, even under ideal laboratory conditions. The diversity of physico-chemical conditions encountered in the field means that direct LIBS analyses are clearly not realistic. The principle of a field laboratory, with simplified sample preparation, could however be envisaged, in order to place the LIBS technique at the heart of new sampling strategies in the context of precision agriculture
Detalle, Vincent. "Analyse de l'homogénéité du combustible nucléaire MOX par Spectrométrie d'Emission optique sur Plasma Induit par Laser (SEPIL)." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10267.
Full textDUDRAGNE, LAURENS. "Procede d'identification et d'analyse de polluants en milieu gazeux et sur cible, par spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066105.
Full textFarah, Sougueh Ali. "Spectroscopie optique d’émission et spectroscopie laser pour le diagnostic des plasmas induits par laser." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2066/document.
Full textLaser induced plasma (LIP) which was first reported in the beginning of sixties, has achieved a great interest as a source of spectroscopic data. It has also many applications like X-ray sources for lithography, plasma igniters, pulsed laser deposition or it has become a basis of a very popular analytical technique – LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy). The latter is mainly due to its applicability to different kinds of samples, no sample preparation or in-situ and remote sensing capability. However, LIBS measurements are laterally integrated and Abel inversion must be performed. Also the method assumes the plasma to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In order to validate LIBS measurements, Thomson scattering (TS) method which is spatially resolved and free from equilibrium assumption was applied. Thus, ablation and breakdown plasmas were characterized by both two methods. Comparison between plasma parameters (temperature and electron density) obtained by the two methods and McWhirter criterion as well as relaxation times and diffusion lengths of species in the plasma allowed to estimate LTE
Amodeo, Tanguy. "Caractérisation de l'interaction d' aérosols avec un plasma induit par laser : application à la métrologie de nanoparticules manufacturées." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0121.
Full textOver the last years, industries producing and using manufactured nanoparticles have extended. Such activities can generate potential accidental and toxicological risks, mainly related to nanoparticle worker exposure. In this context, it becomes necessary to design tools enabling detection of these emergent pollutants. Thus, a technique based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been proposed. Indeed, the LIBS technique allows to make real time and in situ measurements without any sample step. The main objective of this work was to study laser-induced plasma particle interaction and to assess the relevance of LIBS method for nanoparticle on-line detection. To begin with, emission spectroscopy experiments have been realised in order to evaluate effects of several parameters on LIBS signal (eg: size, concentration and chemical composition of particles, ambient gas, laser energy and wavelength). Based on time-resolved spectral imagery recordings, these experiments allowed a better understanding of the physical processes inherent to particle-plasma interaction such as vaporisation or matter distribution. Thus, for particle sizes ranging from 40 nm to 1 µm, results showed that LIBS signal is not influenced by potential size effects. These studies also permitted to discuss the mechanisms involved in the temporal evolution of atomic emission coming from vaporised matter. Particularly, the plasma shape, temperature and electronic densities have proved to be sensitive to particle concentration. Finally, based on worker exposure regulation, limits of detection have been assessed and discussed. Moreover, based on these studies, LIBS experiments have been performed within a Silicon Carbide nanoparticle pre-industrial process. Results showed that LIBS technique is able to make on line and real time monitoring of atomic ratio (Si/C) during production process. Thus, this work brings some arguments supporting the relevance of LIBS-based technique applied to nanoparticle production process safety both for ambient workplace surveillance and for produced nanoparticle control
Doucet, François. "Évaluation de la spectroscopie à plasma induit par laser pour l'analyse directe d'alliage d'aluminium solide par l'utilisation de modèles multivariables /." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ92739.
Full text"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en chimie" Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Ma, Qianli. "Structure et dynamique du plasma induit par laser en propagation dans un gaz ambiant d’argon." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10296.
Full textThe purpose this PhD work is to study the structure and the dynamics of the plasma induced by a nanosecond laser pulse with irradiance in the range of 10 GW cm-2, on the surface of a metallic target surrounded by an ambient gas of argon at the atmospheric pressure. As a spectroscopic emission source, such plasma is the basis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a rapidly developing analytical technique. The maturation of this technique requires today a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the expansion of the plasma. However the spectroscopic emission phase of the plasma, interesting for LIBS, occupies only a limited time interval in the lifetime of the plume, typically between a few hundred nanoseconds and several microseconds after the impact of the laser pulse on the target. At very short delay, especially in the presence of the laser pulse, the plasma expansion involves physical processes which are often shared by plasmas with much higher energies which can be either artificially produced by unconventional lasers, such as a megajoule laser, or present in hostile environments such as interstellar media. The study of the plasma at the laboratory scale may therefore provide a model system that could allow detailed and systematic studies of the plasma with a modest cost. Finally, the condensation phase of the plasma could lead to the formation of nanoparticles. The study of the structure and the dynamics of the gas phase can facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the condensation of the plasma. This PhD thesis work has been made possible with the use of the diagnostics techniques based on emission spectroscopy and fast spectroscopic imaging of the plasma. Such experimental approach is also one of the originalities of this work. Thanks to the use of such techniques, rather classical in a general way, coupled with a detection providing high temporal resolution and an experimental setup with advanced mechanical precision and stability, the structure of the plasma has been revealed with a level of detail rarely achieved so far. The dynamics of the plasma during its expansion in an ambient gas has been thus studied as a function of the regime of the laser-supported absorption wave. A control of the propagation regime was achieved by ablations with the fundamental and the third harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm and 355 nm respectively
Baudelet, Matthieu. "Propriétés physico-chimiques du plasma induit par laser en régimes nanoseconde et femtoseconde : applications analytiques aux bactéries et aux produits agroalimentaires." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10100.
Full textChide, Baptiste. "Le premier microphone sur Mars : contribution à la spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser et à la science atmosphérique." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESAE0041.
Full textIn February 2021 the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover will land in Jezero to search for traces of past life.Part of the Perseverance payload, the SuperCam instrument suite includes four spectroscopy techniques,a high resolution imager and a microphone. This microphone will be the first microphone to record audible acoustic waves on the surface on Mars between 100 Hz to 10 kHz. It will open a new field of investigation which is the subject of this thesis. The scientific objectives of this thesis are organized around the sounds that will be recorded by this microphone : atmospheric phenomena in the close vicinity of the rover and artificial noises generated by SuperCam itself. Among the latest, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique (LIBS) ablates Martian rocks and soils with a pulsed laser. It creates an acoustic signal due tothe expansion of this plasma. These two topics are experimentally explored thanks to the development of laboratory test benches that simulate the conditions likely to be encountered by the microphone on Mars.On the one hand a LIBS setup under Mars atmosphere is used to compare acoustic signal from several minerals. A metrological study of the sensitivity of the acoustic signal with respect to LIBS experimental parameters is conducted : the acoustic energy is proportional to the CO2 background pressure and to the irradiance deposited on the sample. These two relationships will help to normalize the acoustic signal from multiple LIBS targets on Mars. Moreover, it is noticed that the decrease of the acoustic energy along a LIBS burst is linearly linked to the ablated volume. The decrease rate is correlated to the rock hardness.It provides new information relative to the ablation process that is independent from the LIBS emission spectrum. It could be used to better characterize geologic targets and rock, in particular the ones with asurface coating or a weathering rind.On the other hand, a test campaign in a Martian wind tunnel is dedicated to link wind properties withwind-induced signal recorded by the microphone. It is demonstrated that the microphone can determinethe flow velocity by studying the low frequency range of the acoustic spectrum whereas the wind directioncan be retrieved by looking at the high frequency range. An in situ cross-calibration with the weather station on board Perseverance, MEDA, will be required to validate these results. It is also shown that the synchronization of the microphone with the LIBS laser can be used to measure the speed of sound and therefore to estimate the atmospheric temperature close to the surface of Mars.This work also describes some progresses in the microphone development including the performances' validation, the implementation of operating modes and the preparation of SuperCam operations at the surface of Mars
Boueri, Myriam. "Plasma induit par laser sur des matériaux organiques et applications pour discrimination et identification de plastiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00602340.
Full textSankhe, Mamadou. "Caractérisations spatio-temporelles de milieux plasmagènes à haute énergie par diffusion laser." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3028.
Full textThe transient plasmagenic media generated by tip-tip electric discharge and laser breakdown are used in fuel mixture ignition applications or for analytical purposes such as Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS). In addition to their important scientific and technological interests, these media are still difficult to grasp because of their transient nature and the important gradients that characterize them. In addition, the hypotheses of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE), often made as part of their study, are not always verified.In order to better understand these transient plasmagenic media, two complementary spectroscopic characterization techniques have been implemented: Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and Thomson Scattering (TS).The combined use of OES (based on complementary hypotheses validating LTE) and TS (assuming only a Maxwellian distribution of translational velocities of particles), should make it possible to validate the conditions of LTE in the plasmas studied and of provide realistic input data for modeling.In this manuscript, we studied a tip-tip electrical discharge, used in the ignition of metal powders, and laser-induced breakdown and ablation plasmas, used for LIBS applications
Ducreux, Murielle. "Etude de l'ablation laser comme système d'introduction d'un spectromètre d'émission plasma induit par haute fréquence pour l'analyse des verres." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10254.
Full textBai, Xueshi. "Laser-induced plasma as a function of the laser parameters and the ambient gas." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10333/document.
Full textLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been invented for more than 50 years, which analyzes the spectrum of the laser-induced plasma to determine the elemental composition of the ablated sample. Recently, LIBS technique has been well developed and applied in different domains, for example oceanic exploration, pollution monitoring in the environment. LIBS uses the ablation plasma as a light source that contains the elemental composition information of the sample. However, the laser-induced plasma exhibits a transient behavior. Although time-resolved and gated detection can greatly improve the performance of the LIBS technique especially that of calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) with a better determination of plasma temperature, the temporal evolution of the plasma is correlated to its morphology and its spatial inhomogeneity. The determination of the morphology as well as the internal structure of the plasma together with their evolution during plasma expansion into the ambient gas is therefore crucial for the optimization of the use of ablation plasma as a spectroscopic emission source. Evolutions of the morphology and the internal structure of the ablation plasma are considered as the consequence of its hydrodynamic expansion into the ambient gas. Following the thesis of Qianli Ma which has studied the effect of laser wavelength on the behavior of the plasma induced in an ambient gas of argon, the present thesis has used the same diagnostic techniques (time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy and fast spectroscopic images) together with 1064 nm ns laser pulse ablation of a target of aluminum to investigate the effects of other parameters, such as the fluence and the duration of laser pulse, the effect of different ambient gases (argon and air), on the morphology and internal structure of the plasma. Furthermore, in order to understand the effects of these parameters on the properties of the plasma, the microscopic mechanisms during post ablation and the propagation of the plasma are also studied. While the plasma cools down in air, molecules are formed, AlO for instance. So the thesis also studied the condition for the formation of the molecules in the plasma. Beyond the practical interest of this study for LIBS, it provides also insights to the kinetics of the AlO molecule formation in laserinduced plasma
Hemmerlin, Michel. "Etude et développement du couplage ablation laser - spectrométrie plasma (ICP) pour l'analyse élémentaire in situ des additifs dans les matières plastiques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10147.
Full textTrichard, Florian. "Étude de la spectrométrie de plasma induit par laser pour l’analyse en ligne de liquides." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10311/document.
Full textProcess control is a major challenge for chemical and petrochemical industries so as to ensure product quality, cost control, sustainable productivity and risk management. To do so, carrying out the analysis directly at the core of the process is the most efficient way. However, for most applications, elemental analyzes are mainly performed in the laboratory and rarely on-line, which requires the implementation of different technologies, usually complex and expensive. This work is part of a large innovative project that covers the field of on-line elemental analysis, a research area still understudied to this day. The analytical technique selected here is the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Indeed, its speed and its capability to analyze all states of matter without sample preparation, gives it a great potential for on-line analysis. This technique is investigated in order to achieve on-line analysis of elements contained in various liquid matrices: brines, silicone oils and petroleum products. The optimization of different measurement parameters is performed, including an experimental design based approach. Different liquid sampling configurations and several LIBS setups are designed in order to tackle the issues encountered. Finally, a transposition to the industrial world is presented through on-line monitoring of sulfur in petroleum products on an industrial pilot process. The results are promising, but improving the stability of measurements over time still requires further research
Gallou, Guillaume. "Etude et optimisation de la spectroscopie sur plasma induit par laser (LIBS) pour le suivi en continu des polluants émis par les sources fixes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10153.
Full textIn the context of the prevention of atmospheric pollution and air quality improvement, measurement of the stationary sources emission appears as a key component to evaluate the concentration of one or many pollutants and also to estimate the annual flows. Analytical techniques of atmospheric pollutants must on principle permit to control the safety concentration limits fixed by order. To that end, laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) appears to be a good technique. Indeed, this multielementary analysis technique requires no sample preparation, is quantitative, fast (< 1 min), and can be performed at remote distance. The objective of this work, supported by ADEME and run by CEA and INERIS, is to develop and optimise LIBS technique to measure in-situ and in real time metallic pollutants in particulate forms emitted by stationary sources. During this study, two experimental approaches were carried out simultaneously: the first one, realized in CEA, consists to collect micrometric metallic particles generated by ultrasonic nebulizer on filter and then to analyse those filters with adapted LIBS device. In parallel, the second device is realised in INERIS to analyse the same particles by focusing the laser directly (direct analysis) on the flowing aerosol inside an analysis cell. To evaluate correctly the analysis LIBS devices as well as the acquisition and data treatment protocols adapted to aerosols analysis, specific experimental setup of generating and characterising metallic aerosol is designed and implemented. Then, experimental results are optimized and compared. After those developments and tests in laboratory, in-situ measurements are realized in the "Centre Technique des Industries de la Fonderie (CTIF)" in Sèvres. Measurements were performed on melting process to analyse in-situ and in real time concentration of metallic particles emitted during copper melt
Lancelin, H. "Developpement d'une methode instrumentale d'analyse de composes chlorofluorocarbones sous forme vapeur dans l'air par spectroscopie resolue dans le temps de plasma induit par laser." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066133.
Full textRollin, Edouard. "Développement de l’analyse élémentaire directe pour le contrôle de procédés d'élaboration de matériaux nucléaires." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK085.
Full textIn order to optimize the quality control processes of uranium and plutonium metals from nuclear industry production lines, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) appears as an efficient technique: it enables multi-element, fast and remote chemical analysis that require no sample preparation. Thus, the purpose of our work is to develop this technique towards the quantification of metal impurities in nuclear materials, with an analytical development achieved from surrogate materials. It follows another PhD thesis where a particular spectral band, Vacuum UltraViolet, has been chosen for its performance regarding the detection of several light elements in such materials. However, after performing analysis of depleted uranium samples, our work shows that the UV-visible band is more suitable for the detection of metal impurities. Then, the possibility of transferring the calibration from one material to another has been studied. To achieve this, the analytical signal has been normalized using three parameters: the laser-ablated mass, the plasma temperature and its electronic density. A standardized method, based on the deposit of an electrolyte on the sample surface, has been developed in order to measure these parameters with as less biases as possible in several different materials. These measurements enabled us to implement the calibration transfer in several of them, with performances similar to a calibration obtained from a single material
Nguegang, Kamwa Blandine. "Stratégie d'échantillonnage des mesures LIBS in situ de la teneur en or dans des échantillons miniers : optimisation par analyse statistique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69119.
Full textIn Quebec, 19 gold mines produce more than C (dollar) 1.8 billion of gold annually. In these mines, hundreds of rock samples are collected daily and sent to the laboratory to determine their gold concentrations. Since laboratory results are only available after 24 to 48 hours, there is a direct negative impact on mining activities. Technological advances in recent years suggest that Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) may be a promising technology for real-time and in-situ measurement of the gold content of rock samples. Considering the size of each shot produced by the laser on a rock sample, namely 500 µm, many shots will be required in order to obtain a representative result of the sample analyzed. For example, for a 50 cm long core sample, and a surface analyzed between 70 and 80%, 10,000 laser shots were fired to ensure to obtain a result representative of the sample, with an acquisition time of half a day in the laboratory, which is a too long period of time for a practical application in mines. For this reason, the objective of this project is to minimize the number of LIBS shots required on a sample to be analyzed, while remaining representative of the latter, and thus obtain a reliable and accurate measurement of the gold content. For this, a descriptive statistical analysis combined with several elaborate patterns is applied to the 10,000 LIBS data obtained. By setting a compromise between the number of shots to be made on a sample and the analysis time, the Loop pattern minimizes the number of shots with an acceptable analysis time. From the latter, a sampling protocol has been developed, where to be representative of core samples, 1500 shots are needed whereas for rock samples, only 100 shots are needed. However, it would be important to be
Chartier, Frédéric. "Etude et caractérisation du couplage ablation laser-plasma H. F. (I. C. P. ) : application à l'analyse par spectrométrie d'émission atomique." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10102.
Full textSarah, Guillaume. "Caractérisation de la composition et de la structure des alliages argent-cuivre par ICP-MS avec prélèvement par ablation laser : application au monnayage carolingien /." Orléans, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb420028771.
Full textBruder, Romain. "Etude et développement de la spectroscopie d'émission optique sur plasma induit par laser pour l'analyse de terrain : un exemple d'application aux œuvres d'art." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066123.
Full textLeloup, Christophe. "Analyse des solides par couplage de l'ablation laser et de la spectrométrie de masse à source plasma (LA-ICPMS) en enceinte confinée." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS005.
Full textCondamine, Florian. "Spectroscopie X de plasmas chauds et denses générés par lasers UHI et XFEL." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS310.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the study of charge states distribution, population and frequency redistributions in a hot and dense plasma through the use of X-ray spectroscopic methods. These researchs are fundamentals in many fields. Studies about highly coupled plasmas, fusion sciences or astrophysics are examples of applications. This thesis presents an experimental work complemented by simulations with the aim to confront results. The two first studies are focused on the study of X-ray emission from Copper M-shell charge states in a hot and dense plasma. Experiments are made in 2 different laser regimes. The first takes place on a ns-kJ facility and the second with a UHI laser. The very high resolution results testify in details of the hot electrons impact on the X-ray target emission. Perspectives are opened due do the observation of underestimated phenomena on simulations. The end of this work shows the study of photo-absorption and frequency redistribution in a hot and dense plasma. For the first time, a heated target by an optical laser has been scanned by seeded XFEL in order to stress our models. The results indicate a misunderstanding of different phenomena and opens numerous perspec
Claverie, Fanny Donard Olivier. "Développement et applications d'un système laser femtoseconde infra-rouge basse énergie et haute cadence de tir pour l'analyse d'éléments trace dans les solides par couplage ablation laser / ICPMS." Pau : Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/40/14/50/PDF/These_Fanny_CLAVERIE.pdf.
Full textDussubieux, Laure. "L'apport de l'ablation laser couplée à l'ICP-MS à la caractérisation des verres : application à l'étude du verre archéologique de l'Océan Indien." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2068.
Full textDavid, Gaël. "Exploration des environnements passés de Mars avec l'instrument ChemCam : caractérisation des phases d'altération et de leur processus de formation dans les roches et les sols." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30281.
Full textPaleo-environmental conditions at the surface of Mars are accessible through the geological records of the planet, and more particularly through the alteration minerals they contain. These secondary phases can constitute geochemical markers of the conditions during the aqueous alteration. The ChemCam instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover (Curiosity) is the first laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument deployed on the surface of Mars. It provides a new way of characterizing the geochemistry of rocks and soils in the Gale Crater at a sub-millimeter scale. This thesis work focuses on the characterization of the alteration phases and the processes responsible for their formation. The approach used combines laboratory experiments with a ChemCam replica as well as the interpretation of the flight instrument data. These studies tested ChemCam's ability to identify clays in sedimentary rocks and to be a diagnostic tool for these phases. These studies also helped to better understand the parameters influencing the LIBS measurement in granular media and to show that amorphous magnesium sulfates could be major phases in martian soils and responsible for their hydration. Finally, we have also proposed a new quantification for iron that allowed us to study a particular geomorphological structure of Gale, associated with a strong spectral signature of hematite from orbit. The study of iron variability in this field enabled us to better understand its formation mechanism, by highlighting the mobility of this element during diagenesis, involving redox processes. These results indicate that the Gale sediments underwent a complex post-depositional geological history, involving multiple aqueous events with different fluids properties
Claverie, Fanny. "Développement et applications d’un système laser femtoseconde infra-rouge basse énergie et haute cadence de tir pour l’analyse d’éléments trace dans les solides par couplage ablation laser / ICPMS." Pau, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/40/14/50/PDF/These_Fanny_CLAVERIE.pdf.
Full textLaser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is more and more considered as a tool of choice for solid analysis. The use of femtosecond laser sources permit to improve analytical performances of the coupling thanks to the non-thermal ablation obtained in comparison with the more conventional nanosecond laser used. Through a collaboration between the LCABIE (Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement) of Pau and Novalase SA (a company specialized in optical and laser integration), the first integrated femtosecond laser ablation system was designed in 2003. Its unusual characteristics (high repetition rate and scanning beam device) allow to perform some new ablation strategies and open encouraging analytical perspectives in terms of sensitivity and quantification. The potential of this prototype was evaluated through fundamental analyses such as elemental fractionation and characterization of the aerosol produced by laser ablation and through the development of different applications such as analysis of soils and sediments by in-cell isotope dilution, detection of selenoproteins in gel electrophoresis, and determination of uranium isotopic composition of micrometric particles
Devismes, Damien. "Développement d’un système analytique pour la datation in situ des roches martiennes par la méthode K-Ar." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112254/document.
Full textCrater counting is the only method used on Mars to give relative geochronological information but it never had been fitted and corrected by absolute geochronology. This work is about the development of a new prototype demonstrating the ability of a protocol using in situ K-Ar dating. The goal is to propose a solution of an absolute geochronology for the next explorations rovers. A quadrupled Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm ablates a basaltic sample under high vacuum. The light collection by a spectrometer (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) gives the rate of potassium and the chemical or the mineralogy of the target. Thanks to the specificities of the ablation in highvacuum and with a UV laser, the ablated mass has a good reproducibility per mineralogy. Thus, theLIBS identification gives an estimation of the ablated mass. After the purification of the released gas,a quadrupole mass spectrometer determines the quantity of argon. All these measures give an age with a theoretical uncertainty of 13% in the best conditions.The calibration of the experiment had given new information about the effects on LIBS spectrarelated to the ablation under high vacuum. The rise of the pressure and the variation of geometry of the pit have opposite effects on the elements peaks. We also demonstrated that the instrument was capable of measuring the age of the groundmass of basalt and has some interesting perspectives on some mineral phases such as biotite
Hosseini, Sima, and Sima Hosseini. "Application of femtosecond filamentation in gaseous media." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35019.
Full textCette thèse décrit plusieurs résultats expérimentaux impliquant le phénomène de la filamentation laser qui se produit lorsque des impulsions laser ultrabrèves se progagent dans l'air avec une intensité de l'ordre de ~ 10¹³ W/cm2. Un laser titane-saphir est utilisé pour gé- nérer des impulsions femtosecondes dans l'infrarouge (800 nm). En raison de ses propriétés particulières, cette forme de propagation est étudiée pour de nombreuses applications. Nous nous concentrons dans cette thèse sur la télédétection et l'identification de polluants atmosph ériques. Notre objectif est d'améliorer les résultats et de résoudre certains problèmes dans la détection de polluants, en particulier de ceux qui ont le même spectre de fluorescence induit par filamentation. Tous les résultats présentés ici ont été obtenus en laboratoire. La télédétection de polluants dans l'atmosphère implique la propagation de filaments à haute altitude où la pression atmosphérique est basse. Il est donc important de bien comprendre le phénomène de la filamentation dans ces conditions. Nous avons expérimentalement et numériquement étudié l'effet d'une basse pression sur un filament unique dans l'air. Les expériences furent réalisées en variant la pression à l'intérieur d'une cellule entre 0,3 et 1 fois la pression atmosphérique normale (1 atm ~ 1:01 X 10⁵ Pa). Une approche pour détecter à distance la présence de polluants atmosphériques est de capter la fluorescence émise par les fragments moléculaires créés lors du passage de l'impulsion laser. Ce signal est toutefois lourdement atténué avant d'atteindre le détecteur en raison de la grande distance de propagation dans ces applications et il est important de trouver des moyens pour augmenter le signal de fluorescence. Nous avons donc étudié la possibilité d'utiliser le filament lui-même comme milieu de gain dans la direction de propagation pour amplifier les émissions des impuretés de l'air. Il avait déjà été démontré qu'un filament peut amplifier le signal rétrodiffusé dans l'air pur alors nous avons débuté nos expériences dans l'air pour ensuite étudier des mélanges air-hydrocarbones ( 2% de CH₄, C₂H₂ et C₂H₄ dans l'air). Nous avons détecté la fluorescence émise par l'azote neutre à ~ 337 nm dans l'air pur et par les fragments CH à ~ 431 nm dans des mélanges air-hydrocarbones. Dans les deux cas, le signal de fluorescence émis dans la direction opposée à celle du laser a augmenté de manière nonlin éaire en fonction de la longueur du filament, tandis que celui émis sur les côtés montrait une tendance linéaire. Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse traite d'une nouvelle approche pour identifier les molé- cules basée sur leur alignement. Nous montrons en effet que des polluants dans l'air peuvent être détectés et identifiés en mesurant les constantes de rotation de diférentes molécules. Il est important de noter que cette technique permet de distinguer des polluants dont les fragments émettent le même spectre de fluorescence (les mêmes raies atomiques et bandes moléculaires). Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse ont été obtenus par des études de type pompe-sonde utilisant le signal diffusé de l'impulsion de sonde, contrairement à d'autres expériences qui détectent la lumière transmise. Le fait d'observer le signal diffusé plutôt que celui transmis rend cette technique pertinente pour des applications de télédétection. Même si les molécules dans un gaz sont orientées de façon aléatoire, une impulsion ultrabrève et intense peut forcer les molécules à s'aligner non seulement pendant le passage de l'impulsion mais aussi après. Plus spécifiquement, un paquet d'onde rotationnel peut être créé par une impulsion femtoseconde, ce qui génère un alignement moléculaire en l'absence de champ après le passage de l'impulsion qui peut se reformer à intervalles réguliers. En plus de permettre la détermination des constantes de rotation et l'identication des molécules, cette technique donne également accès à des informations sur la dissipation dans le milieu en étudiant l'évolution du paquet d'onde sur une longue période (plusieurs retours périodiques de l'alignement moléculaire) après le passage de l'impulsion.
This thesis presents experimental results obtained during filamentation of ultrashort and intense laser pulses, with an intensity of ~ 10¹³ W/cm2 in air. A femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser was used to generate pulses in the infrared at 800 nm. Because of some unique features of the filaments, this particular form of propagation has been considered for many applications. In this work, we focus our attention on remote sensing and the detection and identification of atmospheric pollutants. The goal is to improve the results and resolve some problems in the detection of air pollutants, especially those with the same filament-induced fluorescence spectrum. The presented experiments were performed inside a laboratory. The remote sensing of pollutants in the atmosphere mainly relies on the propagation of filaments at high altitude where the pressure is low. For this application, it is therefore important to have a good understanding of filamentation in these real conditions. We experimentally and numerically studied the effect of lowering the pressure on a single filament in air. The experiment was done by varying air pressure inside a cell between 0.3 and 1 standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm ~ 1:01 X 10⁵ Pa). One way to remotely detect atmospheric pollutants is to record the returning fluorescence signal from the molecular fragments that are created during filamentation. Because the propagation distance is large in these spectroscopic experiments, the signal is heavily attenuated before reaching the detector and it is important to look for a solution to enhance the fluorescence signal. We therefore investigated the possibility of using the filament itself as a gain medium along the propagation direction to amplify the emission of some impurities in air. It is known that the femtosecond laser filament can amplify backward-directed signal in pure air, so we started our experiments in air, and then extended them to air-hydrocarbons mixtures (2% de CH₄, C₂H₂ et C₂H₄ dans l'air). The fluorescence emission from neutral nitrogen at ~ 337 nm in pure air and from CH fragments at ~ 431 nm in air-hydrocarbons mixtures was detected. In both cases, the fluorescence signal emitted in the direction opposed to the laser propagation increased nonlinearly with the filament length, unlike the emission directed on the sides which showed a linear trend. The last chapter of the thesis introduces a new way to identify molecules that relies on their alignment. Indeed by measuring the rotational constants of different molecules using iv eld-free molecular alignment, we show that pollutants can be detected and identied in air. It is important to mention that this approach can distinguish pollutants for which the excited fragments have the same fluorescence spectra (same atomic lines and molecular bands). The results reported in this thesis were obtained by a pump-probe experiment where the scattered signal of the probe pulse was detected, as opposed to other experiments which collected the transmitted light. Observing the scattered signal instead of the transmitted one makes this technique appropriate for remote sensing applications. Even though molecules are randomly oriented in the gas phase, it is shown that ultrafast intense laser pulses can force molecules to align both in the presence of the laser feld as well as after the passage of the pulse. More specifically, a rotational wavepacket can be created by an ultrashort laser pulse, leading to a feld-free alignment of the molecules after the laser pulse has passed which can revive at regular intervals. Therefore, in addition to finding rotational constants and identifying molecules, it is possible to extract information about the dissipative medium by studying the changes in the wavepacket a long time (several periodic revivals of molecular alignment) after the passage of the pulse.
This thesis presents experimental results obtained during filamentation of ultrashort and intense laser pulses, with an intensity of ~ 10¹³ W/cm2 in air. A femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser was used to generate pulses in the infrared at 800 nm. Because of some unique features of the filaments, this particular form of propagation has been considered for many applications. In this work, we focus our attention on remote sensing and the detection and identification of atmospheric pollutants. The goal is to improve the results and resolve some problems in the detection of air pollutants, especially those with the same filament-induced fluorescence spectrum. The presented experiments were performed inside a laboratory. The remote sensing of pollutants in the atmosphere mainly relies on the propagation of filaments at high altitude where the pressure is low. For this application, it is therefore important to have a good understanding of filamentation in these real conditions. We experimentally and numerically studied the effect of lowering the pressure on a single filament in air. The experiment was done by varying air pressure inside a cell between 0.3 and 1 standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm ~ 1:01 X 10⁵ Pa). One way to remotely detect atmospheric pollutants is to record the returning fluorescence signal from the molecular fragments that are created during filamentation. Because the propagation distance is large in these spectroscopic experiments, the signal is heavily attenuated before reaching the detector and it is important to look for a solution to enhance the fluorescence signal. We therefore investigated the possibility of using the filament itself as a gain medium along the propagation direction to amplify the emission of some impurities in air. It is known that the femtosecond laser filament can amplify backward-directed signal in pure air, so we started our experiments in air, and then extended them to air-hydrocarbons mixtures (2% de CH₄, C₂H₂ et C₂H₄ dans l'air). The fluorescence emission from neutral nitrogen at ~ 337 nm in pure air and from CH fragments at ~ 431 nm in air-hydrocarbons mixtures was detected. In both cases, the fluorescence signal emitted in the direction opposed to the laser propagation increased nonlinearly with the filament length, unlike the emission directed on the sides which showed a linear trend. The last chapter of the thesis introduces a new way to identify molecules that relies on their alignment. Indeed by measuring the rotational constants of different molecules using iv eld-free molecular alignment, we show that pollutants can be detected and identied in air. It is important to mention that this approach can distinguish pollutants for which the excited fragments have the same fluorescence spectra (same atomic lines and molecular bands). The results reported in this thesis were obtained by a pump-probe experiment where the scattered signal of the probe pulse was detected, as opposed to other experiments which collected the transmitted light. Observing the scattered signal instead of the transmitted one makes this technique appropriate for remote sensing applications. Even though molecules are randomly oriented in the gas phase, it is shown that ultrafast intense laser pulses can force molecules to align both in the presence of the laser feld as well as after the passage of the pulse. More specifically, a rotational wavepacket can be created by an ultrashort laser pulse, leading to a feld-free alignment of the molecules after the laser pulse has passed which can revive at regular intervals. Therefore, in addition to finding rotational constants and identifying molecules, it is possible to extract information about the dissipative medium by studying the changes in the wavepacket a long time (several periodic revivals of molecular alignment) after the passage of the pulse.
Filamentation laser
Filamentation laser
Agarwal, Tapish. "Development of diagnostics for the experimental studies of ignition in sprays." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969174.
Full textGagean, Mathias. "Développement et évaluation du couplage ablation laser-spectrométrie d'émission plasma (ICP) pour l'analyse des métaux et alliages." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10222.
Full textTelouk, Philippe. "Développement de la spectrométrie ICP-MS dans les domaines de l'archéologie et de la géologie : utilisation de l'ablation laser." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10310.
Full textBen, Amar Ismail, and Amar Ismail Ben. "Étude des techniques d'analyse du minerai de phosphate et proposition d'un système LIBS à base de FPGA pour la mesure de P2O5." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38217.
Full textCe travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet de recherche achevant le cycle de formation des étudiants de maîtrise en génie électrique avec mémoire à l’Université Laval. Ce projet a été effectué au sein de la Faculté des sciences et de génie et le Centre d’optique, photonique et laser (COPL) de l’université Laval. À cet effet, ce mémoire contient les axes majeurs nécessaires pour une étude comparative et expérimentale des techniques d’analyse du minerai de phosphate (MP). L’objectif est de déterminer la technique la plus efficace à adopter pour mettre en place une solution in situ. Une proposition d’un système LIBS à base de FPGA pour la mesure de P2O5 est également présentée ainsi que sa conception. Tout d’abord, ce mémoire présente le contexte du projet pour bien comprendre la problématique et la motivation, ainsi que les objectifs et l’importance de mettre en place une solution in situ pour l’analyse du minerai de phosphate. Ceci nous a permis d’identifier le besoin et de repérer les exigences attendues. Aussi, le présent travail couvre une revue de littérature détaillée sur les méthodes classiques d’analyse du minerai de phosphate au laboratoire, et les techniques multi élémentaires qui permettent d’analyser plusieurs composés avec un seul équipement. La faisabilité d’utiliser une de ces techniques pour répondre au besoin a été présentée dans ce travail. Pour ce faire nous avons vérifié les limitations des trois techniques recommandées pour l’analyse des minéraux. Il s’agit des techniques ICP, XRF et LIBS. Les résultats montrent que l’XRF est incapable de quantifier les éléments légers dont le nombre atomique est inférieur à 11, alors que la LIBS permet d’avoir des résultats rapides et précis pour la majorité des éléments présents dans le minerai du phosphate. À la fin de ce mémoire, nous présentons une proposition d’un système LIBS à base de FPGA pour la mesure de P2O5 (qui est l’élément le plus important dans le minerai du phosphate)
This work is part of the research project completing the training cycle of research master at Laval University. This project was carried out within the Faculty of Science and Engineering and the Center of Optics, Photonics, and Laser (COPL). To this end, this report contains the major axes necessary for a comparative and experimental study of phosphate ore techniques analysis. The objective is to determine the most efficient technique to adopt to implement an in-situ solution. At the end of this report, we will introduce a proposal for LIBS system based on FPGA board for P2O5 measurement. First, this report presents the context of the project to understand the problem and the motivation, as well as the objectives and importance of setting up an on-line solution for the analysis of phosphate ore. Allowed us to describe the need and identify the expected requirements. Secondly, the present work covers a detailed literature review about conventional methods of analyzing phosphate ore in the laboratory, and multi-elemental techniques used to analyze several compounds with a single equipment. This work presents also the feasibility of using one of these techniques to meet the need. To do this, we have checked the limitations of the most three recommended techniques for mineral analysis. These are ICP, XRF and LIBS techniques. The results show that the XRF is unable to quantify the light elements whose atomic number is less than 11, while the LIBS allows having fast and accurate results for the majority of the elements existing in the phosphate ore. At the end of this dissertation, we present a proposal of an FPGA-based LIBS system or the measurement of P2O5 (which is the most important element in phosphate ore).
This work is part of the research project completing the training cycle of research master at Laval University. This project was carried out within the Faculty of Science and Engineering and the Center of Optics, Photonics, and Laser (COPL). To this end, this report contains the major axes necessary for a comparative and experimental study of phosphate ore techniques analysis. The objective is to determine the most efficient technique to adopt to implement an in-situ solution. At the end of this report, we will introduce a proposal for LIBS system based on FPGA board for P2O5 measurement. First, this report presents the context of the project to understand the problem and the motivation, as well as the objectives and importance of setting up an on-line solution for the analysis of phosphate ore. Allowed us to describe the need and identify the expected requirements. Secondly, the present work covers a detailed literature review about conventional methods of analyzing phosphate ore in the laboratory, and multi-elemental techniques used to analyze several compounds with a single equipment. This work presents also the feasibility of using one of these techniques to meet the need. To do this, we have checked the limitations of the most three recommended techniques for mineral analysis. These are ICP, XRF and LIBS techniques. The results show that the XRF is unable to quantify the light elements whose atomic number is less than 11, while the LIBS allows having fast and accurate results for the majority of the elements existing in the phosphate ore. At the end of this dissertation, we present a proposal of an FPGA-based LIBS system or the measurement of P2O5 (which is the most important element in phosphate ore).
Ricard, Estelle. "Datation par ICP-MS des hydrocarbures accumulés dans un réservoir par la méthode uranium/thorium/plomb." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3009.
Full textTrace metal quantification in organic matrices represents a challenge for organic geochemistry to study oil-to-oil correlation, oil-to-source correlation, or to obtain information on oil migration. Estimation of crude oil expulsion timing from the rock source will have an important implication for petroleum systems modelling. A new analytical approach using a high repetition rate IR-femtosecond laser coupled to an ICP-MS detection was developed, for the direct determination of trace elements in crude oil with limited sample preparation. Limits of detection in the range of the level were typically obtained. The study of uranium, thorium and lead isotopes in petroleum matrices gives the following information: − Crude oils are very low concentrated in uranium and thorium (concentration < 1 ppb) compared to lead (10 ppb – 10 ppm) i. E. Very low U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios (< 0,05). So the determination of crude oil expulsion time is hardly realizable with classical U/Th/Pb isochrones, and needs to be confronted to lead isotopes ratios obtained from source rocks and crude oils. − Lead isotopes ratios in crude oils and source rocks measured by multi-detection ICP-MS, shows the potential of the uranium/thorium/lead system for dating hydrocarbon accumulation
Ribière, Maxime. "Spectroscopies d'émission et d'absorption appliquées à l'analyse de plasmas produits par impulsion laser." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443037.
Full textMartinez, Labrador Mauro Alberto. "Nouvelle utilisation de l’ablation laser dans l’analyse de pétrole et de ses dérivés." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3046/document.
Full textAnalysis of crude oil and its derivatives is of great importance for the crude oil industry and the environment, and that within its matrix contains a set of metals (V, Ni, Fe, etc.) and nonmetals (S, N, Cl, etc) which have great impact during the refining and combustion processes. Quantification of these elements has become common subject matter in many analytical laboratories. Currently, there are standard methods for the quantification of these elements using spectroscopic techniques such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP), electrothermal vaporization (ETV), neutron activation analysis (NAA), for metals and some non-metals, and potentiometric techniques non-metals such as halogens. These methods, although they are validated, show time-consuming procedures, it can not raise a good calibration strategies and in some cases requires the use of expensive organometallic standards. Because of these reasons was raised in this paper find new forms of quantification for elemental analysis in the oil and its derivatives using sensitive methodologies, quick and easy. The first idea that arises is the sample encapsulated within a crude solid xerogel matrix, this poses the advantage to prepare our own calibration standards using aqueous solutions of known concentration and encapsulating them in the same way. This way crude oil encapsulated in xerogel was validated using LA ICP MS and LIBS and detection limits were obtained from 0.7 ng g-1 for Ni, 0.8 ng g-1 for V and 1.5 ng g-1 S, with a reproducibility between 1 to 3%. Also raised speciation analysis of molecules associated with V, Ni and S by thin layer chromatography and monitored by LA ICP MS, thus was found a family of differentiation-associated molecules to these elements between different fractions of crude and the same sample matrix, as detection limits were found for Ni and V of 18 ng g-1 and 23 ng g-1 respectively. It was also observed that the use of these methods of analysis may take less time to reach some systematic analysis protocols and ultimately fail to generate very little waste to the environment
Diaz, Rosado José Carlos. "Étude et développement de la spectroscopie d'émission optique sur plasma induit par laser pour la réalisation d'analyses de terrain : application à l’analyse en ligne de métaux dans les liquides." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114805/document.
Full textMetal contamination of water is a major public health issue. Controls and treatments are more drastic and performed on them for human consumption. It is essential for this to possess reliable and sensitive analytical tools adapted to the existing regulations and flexible enough to use. The technique of "Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy" (LIBS), proven for the analysis of solids, including exo-terrestrial explorations, this very interesting advantages for liquids including, for example, are multi-character elementary and the possibility of in-situ measurements of water contamination by metals.A first part of this study thesis allowed to explore the potential (LIBS) for the analysis of dissolved metals or suspensions in water. Study has found an important effect related to the particle size in the analysis of suspensions. A second prong is to look at the effects of organic matrix represented by humic acid and those natural minerals represented by the bentonite and alumina particles. The matrix effect observed was corrected by normalization by internal standard
Irimiciuc, Stefan-Andrei. "Experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamics of transient plasma plumes generated by laser ablation in various temporal regimes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10193/document.
Full textLaser ablation methods exhibit a fast development in various application fields, as materials processing, medicine, nuclear fusion or analytical sciences. Despite important advances in the knowledge of the complex laser-matter interactions involved in this process, there is still need for better fundamental understanding and modeling. The aim of this work was to experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamics of transient plasmas generated by laser ablation in various regimes (ns, ps, fs), and to try to correlate the observed behavior with the physical properties of the ablated materials We implemented space- and time-resolved optical, spectroscopic and electrical methods for the study of single-component metallic targets and of complex chalcogenide targets. This led to a space-time mapping of the main plasma parameters. The study performed in actual Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) conditions revealed some peculiar effects like ionic oscillations or plume reflection at the substrate. A compact fractal hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate the laser-produced plasma dynamics. The theoretical model accurately describes the spatial and temporal evolution of the main plasma parameters (electronic temperature, expansion velocities, particle number density, Debye length, plasma potential). We report for the first time empirical relations connecting these plasma parameters with the physical properties (electrical/thermal conductivity, atomic mass, heat of vaporization) of the target. These relationships transcend all three ablation regimes (ns, ps, fs)