Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de'
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Lene, Mirouze Frédéric De. "Analyse quantitative en spectrométrie moyen infrarouge par transformée de Fourier : perspectives d'application dans le domaine agro-alimentaire." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10015.
Full textPirali, Olivier. "Spectroscopie par transformée de Fourier dans l'infrarouge lointain." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112318.
Full textThis work deals with a prospective study of far-infrared molecular spectroscopy wich is so far rarely studied by means of Fourier transform spectroscopy. The optimisation of many experimental set-up leads to record the gas phase spectra of atmospherical and astrophysical relevant molecules. The high resolution absorption and emission spectra of light molecules (cis- trans-HONO, H2O, NH3) obtained by these experiments produce numbers of spectroscopic information. A part of the manuscript is devoted to the presentation of the spectra with the rotational analysis of the molecular species responsible of the observed structures. We recorded the far-infrared emission spectra of six small Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds as well as the room-temperature absorption spectrum of naphtalene. These spectra have an important interest for the future astrophysical observations. A part of my work is devoted to the experimental caracterisation of the infrared and far-infrared synchrotron radiation beamline (SIRLOIN-2, LURE) and the use of this new continuum source for recording the high resolution absorption spectra
El, Hachtouki Rachid. "Mesures par spectroscopie à transformée de Fourier infrarouge de paramètres spectraux absolus pour des molécules d'intérêt atmosphérique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241311.
Full textRibera, Laurence. "Application de la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR) à l'analyse microbiologique." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P096.
Full textGourion-Arsiquaud, Samuel. "Etude structure fonction de sites métalliques protéiques par spectroscopie infrarouge différentielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22023.pdf.
Full textDelahaye, Bruno. "Amélioration de la sensibilité en spectrométrie infrarouge par transformation de Fourier : perspectives de développement." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10152.
Full textNoel, Stéphanie. "Spectrophotométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier : validation d'une méthode d'identification par réflexion diffuse." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P033.
Full textOzanam, François. "Spectroscopie infrarouge de l'interface semi-conducteur-électrolyte associant modulation de potentiel et transformée de Fourier." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112158.
Full textInfrared spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the in-situ characterization of the electrochemical interface. We present here the first experimental realization combining the advantages of using both Fourier transform spectroscopy and an electromodulation technique in the electrochemical context. The application to the study of the semiconductor interface is presented. An experimental set-up based on a large aperture and slow operating speed interferometer (movable mirror speed: 6 micrometer per second) has been designed and is widely described. Its ultimate sensitivity corresponds to the recording of relative changes in light intensity of about w-6. A data processing method allowing to get rid of instrumental errors is presented. In electromodulated infrared spectroscopy, signais arise from the effects of the potential modulation upon either the population of interfacial absorbing species, or the vibrational characteristics of fixed species. A theoretical expression is given for the effect of a static electric field upon the vibrational frequency and intensity of a surface adsorbed molecule; the role of lateral interactions is discussed. The technique is eventually applied to the study of silicon 1 non aqueous electrolyte interfaces. The early stages of the silicon oxidation, promoted by residual water in the electrolyte (10 ppm), can be followed. Correlation between electronic surface states and SiOH groups is found. The oxide growth on the initially hydrogenated silicon surface is slow (0,5 nm for a few days), and takes place by island formation
Ami, Diletta. "Microspectroscopie infrarouge de systèmes biologiques complexes." Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMP201.
Full text@In this thesis the application of FT-IR microspectroscopy to the study of complex biological systems has been studied. In addition to the FT-IR studies of microorganisms of clinical interest such as Candida and E. Coli belonging to different strains, in this thesis emphasis has been laid on the power of FT-IR microspectroscopy in biotechnology. In particular, the aggregation of proteins in situ in E. Coli cells as inclusion bodies has been studied with the aim of monitoring the expression of heterologous proteins in intact cells in order to identify the most expressing strain. Furthermore, a preliminary absorption study on the nematode C. Elegans - an important model system in biotechnology - has been performed by FT-IR microspectroscopy. This study has allowed the discrimination of nematodes belonging to different taxa in agreement with classification method based on molecular biology - a result which is of growing interest in environmental, agriculture and clinical sciences
DUPONT, CATHERINE. "Etude de couches ultraminces sur substrats metalliques et semi-conducteurs par spectroscopie infrarouge a transformee de fourier." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112235.
Full textAZIZE, BRAHIM. "Etude par diffusion quasielastique de la lumiere et spectroscopie infrarouge par transformee de fourier de l'effet sur des vesicules larges unilamellaires de phospholipide de differentes molecules d'interet pharmaceutique." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077218.
Full textGrigoriev, Ivan, and Joël Boissoles. "Etude par spectroscopie infra-rouge a transformee de fourier de l'absorption des composes fluores perturbes par des gaz rares." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10056.
Full textBERTHOMIEU, CATHERINE. "Etude par spectroscopie vibrationnelle infrarouge a transformee de fourier du transfert d'electron dans le photosysteme ii des plantes." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066033.
Full textHanoune, Benjamin. "Spectroscopie par transformation de Fourier d'espèces silicées instables d'intérêt astrophysique créées dans un plasme d'azote et de silane : analyse de l'émission infrarouge de SIN ET DE HNSI." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112011.
Full textROY, AMIEL CAROLINE. "Potentialites de la spectroscopie infrarouge a transformee de fourier (irtf) pour l'identification et la caracterisation de bacteries d'implication laitiere." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2011.
Full textALLOUT, MOHAMED-YAZID. "Determination de parametres de raies d'absorption moleculaires dans l'infrarouge en spectroscopie par transformation de fourier : application a des gaz stables. etude detaillee des consequences de la variation des conditions experimentales pendant l'enregistrement des interferogrammes : application a la mesure des coefficients d'elargissement des raies de no par o#2." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066005.
Full textMartin, del Campo Barba Sandra. "Identification des paramètres d'authenticité du lait et produits laitiers." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0023.
Full textGrandmougin-Guibet, Florence. "Apport de la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF) pour la caractérisation de bactéries." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2072.
Full textThe contribution of FTIR spectroscopy to the characterization of food interest bacteria was estimated. Three flora were studied, coryneform bacteria, Enterococcus strains and, originally, L. Casei mutant strains. In the study of 4 coryneform bacterial genera, we compared the results of IR spectra analyses with those of biotype 100 and ribotypy. Genera defined by both approaches match to 95%. Classifications give the same clusters for more than 80% strains. Using FTIR spectroscopy, the discrimination of 4 Enterococcus related species gave results comparable to ribotypy. The intraspecies characterization was possible. This approach was followed by a feasibility study to discriminate E. Faecalis strains regarding their origin which showed the FTIR spectroscopy ability to separate strains from human and bovine origins. The study of mutant strains derived from L. Casei allowed the correlation of spectral differences with the importance of mutations at all growth stages. These results contribute to the actual taxonomic discussions, notably for the wild strain of this study. These studies confirm the ability of FTIR spectroscopy to discriminate bacteria at genus, species and strain levels, and also to differentiate isogenic strains except for one mutation. Besides the information provided, this technique is rapid, reliable and inexpensive
Gardan, Guillaume. "Spectroscopie en infrarouge : réflexion totaleatténuée : applications." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P098.
Full textRommeluère, Sylvain. "Intégration d'un micro-spectromètre statique par transformée de Fourier sur un plan focal infrarouge." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112056.
Full textToday, important progress in microtechnology allows to produce large format arrays of detectors called infrared focal plane (IRFP), which are integrated in imaging systems. One now studies the possibility of realising spectral imaging systems that would spectrally resolve a scene to extract information from a few bands typically (multispectral imaging). A means of meeting this need is to develop multispectral IRFP. Even if the feasibility of bispectral IRFP was already demontrated in France, it is difficult, even impossible, to consider multispectral IRFP based on bispectral technology. The object of this thesis is to explore a new architecture of IRFP which integrates in its structure a static Fourier transform spectrometer. From the theoretical point of view, this new type of microspectrometer is particularly interesting for high rates measurement of low level, broad band infrared spectra with a medium resolution, and angularly large sources. In practice, two prototypes were realised in partnership with the CEA-LETI, based on classic HgCdTe detectors. These prototypes were characterized to understand, to model and to fully exploit the phenomena of interference in the structure of detection. After having established a methodology of measurement, we obtained first spectra from known sources. Lastly, the physical and technological limitations as well as the prospects for evolution of this new concept of microspectrometer are discussed
Monnier, Maurice. "Photoisomérisations et photolyses en matrices cryogéniques : identification des entités moléculaires et suivi cinétique par spectrométrie IR-TF." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11368.
Full textDepecker, Christophe. "La réflexion diffuse associée à la spectrométrie IRTF : une nouvelle étape dans l'analyse "in situ" des composés solides." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10071.
Full textBrun, Jean-François. "Mesure et analyse de l'émittance spectrale d'oxydes diélectriques à haute température : une approche des phénomènes préfusionnels." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2043.
Full textGrondin, Pierre. "Applications de la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier à l'analyse de la qualité de l'air." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25600.pdf.
Full textSeperuelo, Duarte Eduardo. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge des effets d'irradiation de glaces d'intérêt astrophysique par des ions lourds." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2050.
Full textIn the Solar System, as well as inside the dense interstellar regions, ice mantles constituted by small molecules are exposed to ionizing radiation formed by photons, electrons and ions. As a result, chemical reactions, phase changes, desorption and other physical chemical processes occur in the ice. Among the ionizing projectiles, fast heavy ions play a particular role in the sense that they are relatively low abundant in space but have high ionizing power and are very efficient for inducing desorption. These cosmic events can be simulated in laboratory. The main goal of the current work is to identify and quantify the effects of the fast heavy ion interaction with ices. Experiments were performed at the medium energy facility at GANIL, where 46 and 537 MeV Ni ions irradiated four ices cooled down at about 13 K: H2O, CO, CO2 and the mixture H2O:NH3:CO. The molecular concentrations of these species and the formed ones were determined by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a function of the beam fluence. From the acquired data, destruction and formation cross sections of molecular species were measured as well as the sputtering yields. Results show that protons are more efficient for producing new molecular species, while heavy ions are responsible for the desorption process. This work is collaboration between the PUC-Rio and CIMAP-GANIL institutions
Mondragon, Sanchez Juan Antonio. "Etude par spectroscopie optique de structures d'ADN soit contenant des bases ou chaines modifiées, soit en interaction avec des ions divalents." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132004.
Full textAllegrini, Charles. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier de l'adsorption de gaz sur filtres à charbon actif." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30040.
Full textMarques, Joao Pedro. "Préparation des zéolithes HBEA par modification post-synthèse : caractérisation physicochimique et catalytique." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2253.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to contribute to the elucidation of the acid and catalytic properties of BEA zeolite. For this purpose, a series of HBEA samples was prepared by dealumination through three different methods: steaming, treatments with hydrochloric acid and ammonium hexafluorosilicate (HFS) solutions. The samples were characterized by elemental analysis, gas-phase adsorption, XRD and pyridine adsorption-desorption followed by IR spectroscopy and. Its catalytic properties were evaluated in the methylcyclohexane and n-heptane transformation. The three dealumination methods induce different effects on the characteristics shown by the prepared samples. A quantitative distribution of the various aluminic species (framework, extraframework and defect aluminic species) was established. The nature of the hydroxylated aluminic species responsible for the IR bands was specified. The acid and catalytic properties of these various species were investigated
Chotel, Franck. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques du cal osseux d'allongement des membres." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10259.
Full textRomero, Guzman Maria Eugenia. "Etude par spectroscopie optique d'associations d'acides nucléiques en fonction de leur hydratation, de leurs contre-ions ou en interaction avec la protéine régulatrice Hfq." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132001.
Full textHmida, Fadoua. "Spectroscopie FTIR à haute résolution de SO2F2." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS042.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript is devoted to the study of very high resolution FTIR spectroscopy of the molecule of sulfuryl fluoride, SO2F2, which recently appeared as an important atmospheric pollutant. However, a very good modeling of its absorption spectrum is essential for atmospheric concentration measurements.This manuscript has five parts. The first part deals with the properties of the molecule of sulfuryl fluoride. The second part describes the theoretical model (tensor formalism and effective Hamiltonian and dipole moment) that we used to perform the analyzes. The third part presents the experimental conditions of the different spectra that we recorded at the AILES line of the SOLEIL synchrotron at Saint-Aubin (Paris). The fourth part describes the software C2vTDS and finally in the fifth part we present the results of the different analyzes.This thesis was performed in the Molecular and Atmospheric Spectrometry Group (GSMA) of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne and the Laboratory of Molecular Dynamics and Photonic Materials (LDMMP - ENSIT) of the University of Tunis
Billebaud, Françoise. "Spectroscopie et imagerie infrarouges appliquées à l'étude de quelques aspects des atmosphères planétaires." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10196.
Full textDepiesse, Cédric. "Spectrométrie ultrasensible par transformée de Fourier couplée à un montage laser intracavité: application à l'étude des niveaux de vibration-rotation de l'acétylène." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211007.
Full textNous avons ensuite couplé le dispositif ICLAS avec un spectromètre à transformée de Fourier en synchronisant l’acquisition des données avec les impulsions. L’avantage de ce couplage réside dans l’obtention d’une technique à la fois très sensible grâce à l’ICLAS mais aussi possédant une haute résolution et une large couverture spectrale grâce au spectromètre. La réalisation de ce dispositif est décrite dans la première partie de ce travail.
Nous avons ensuite appliqué ce dispositif instrumental à l'étude des molécules C2HD et 13C12CH2. L’analyse des spectres enregistrés est détaillée dans la seconde partie de ce travail. Celle-ci inclut également une introduction à la description théorique des niveaux d’énergie de vibration-rotation adaptée au cas de la molécule d’acétylène. L’analyse est axée principalement sur la structure rotationnelle et l’identification vibrationnelle des nouvelles bandes observées grâce aux performances du nouveau spectromètre. Les premières étapes vers la construction d’un modèle rovibrationnel global pour les deux molécules étudiées sont également décrites.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Doumenq, Pierre. "Apport de l'infrarouge à transformée de Fourier et du couplage chromatographie gazeuse-infrarouge à transformée de Fourier à l'étude de systèmes chimiques complexes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30021.
Full textLewiner, France. "Application de la spectroscopie IRTF-ATR in situ au suivi en ligne de cristallisations discontinues." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10270.
Full textIdrissa, Almoustapha. "Etude d'agrégats de molécules de benzène en matrice de cyclohexane solide par spectroscopie infrarouge de Fourier." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2305.
Full textGarrault-Jolly, Florence. "Méthodes de détermination du taux d'oxygène dans des substrats de silicium présentant une face rugueuse par spectroscopie infrarouge a transformée de Fourier." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112292.
Full textThis thesis presents methods of oxygen concentration determination inside single side polished wafers of monocrystalline silicon. Origin and spectroscopic properties of oxygen into silicon are recalled. The technical analysis is Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; principle and apparatus are described. To improve spectrum resolution some methods of signal treatement are presented. To determine oxygen concentration inside double side polished wafers this technique questions the importance of the contribution of multipled reflections in the wafer. After study of interaction of an electromagnetic wave and a rough surface, mechanical and energetical surface characterization are reviewed. The averaged amplitude of roughness is found low with respect to the infrared wavelength, so some methods to characterize the absorption coefficient of oxygen of single side polished wafers are proposed. Two models are considered: one about the KIRCHHOFF law and one about an intermediate film. Results suppose a not negligible oxidation into air on single side polished wafers
Seydou, Mahamadou. "Structures en phase gazeuse et en phase liquide de systèmes moléculaires chargés d'intérêt biologique." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132006.
Full textThis work presents the study of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter and its agonists, nicotine and muscarine through infrared spectroscopy. This study has been conducted both in gas-phase and aqueous phase. The used method for the isolated molecules is infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) coupled to mass spectrometry with the radiation isued from the free electron laser CLIO. For molecules in acid aqueous phase, Fourier-transform spectroscopy has been employed. The experimental results have been interpreted first trough a systematic conformational search at different levels of quantum chemistry followed by optimization of geometries and determination of vibrational frequencies. The emphasis has been set upon the search of pharmacophores. The conforntation between theory and experments has allowed a quantitative evaluation of structural modifications as well as the switch from the inactive to the bioactive form of nicotine due to the progressive addition of explicit water molecules
Roland, Delphine. "Oxydation électrocatalytique du monoxyde de carbone et de molécules en C1 (CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH) : étude de l'empoisonnement par CO d'électrodes à base de platine." Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2265.
Full textDupuis, Jacqueline. "Contribution de la spectrométrie IRTF à l'étude de l'orientation moléculaire de films de polyéthylène en cours d'étirage et après relaxation." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10033.
Full textSekkal, Majda. "Utilisation conjointe de la spectrométrie IRTF et de la modélisation moléculaire à l'étude structurale des carraghénanes." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10118.
Full textLima, Alexandre. "Catalyseurs plurimétalliques pour l'électro-oxydation du méthanol dans une pile à combustible." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2314.
Full textLafaye, Gwendoline. "Préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques par réaction d'oxydoréduction de surface : application à l'hydrogénation du citral." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2278.
Full textLebon, Matthieu, and Christophe Falguères. "Caractérisation par spectrométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier des ossements chauffés en contexte archéologique : comparaison entre référentiel moderne et matériel fossile, implications diagénétiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0039.
Full textSeveral taphonomic processes can modify the color and the texture of burnt bones making their identification difficult in archaeological contextes. In the present study, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) was applied to characterize the modifications induced on bones by heating. Particularly, the analysis of a specific domain of the infrared spectrum (ν1ν3PO4 domain) of modern bones experimentally heated was used to define mineralogical proxies that ensure the evaluation of both crystallinity and crystal lattice perfection. The developed analytical protocol was then applied on archaeological material and has allowed the identification of bones heated from 250°C for archaeological samples carried out from Magdalenian layers (15 000 years old) and the establishment of new parameters for the evaluation of the alteration state of fossil bone mineral
Abbas, Ouissam. "Vieillissement simulé ou naturel de la matière organique. Apport du traitement chimiométrique des données spectroscopiques. Conséquences environnementales et aide à l'exploration pétrolière." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30006.
Full textThe characterization of the organic matter before and during a process of ageing is a very significant parameter for the professionals of various industrial sectors. The knowledge of its evolution processes is important to a better understand of its origins, mechanisms of its genesis and to determine its various environmental roles in natural or artificial ecosystems, in particular when the aim is to help the oil exploration or to improve the depollution processes of the aquatic environments. Thus, an effective analytical methodology is necessary. For this, a new approach of use of the spectroscopic techniques (infrared and fluorescence) is to treat spectral data by chemometric tools (ACP, SIMPLISMA and PLS) in order to establish a correlation structure ~ reactivity of the organic matter. The first objective was to authenticate the geographical origins of oils, their geological data, to evaluate their degree of maturity and biological biodegradation. In addition, this methodolgy made it possible to follow the photodegradation of phenol in aqueous solutions, to determine the concentration profiles of intermediary compounds. Thus, the effectiveness of the process has been estimated in terms of the elimination of the polluant and its photoproducts. The conclusions of this analytical procedure, which is innovating in the environmental field and petroleum industry, are in agreement with the the classical techniques. Reliable and relevant informations have been rapidly obtained with low cost
Doneux, Thomas. "Caractérisation par électrochimie et spectroscopie infrarouge in situ d'une électrode d'or (111) modifiée par du 2-mercaptobenzimidazole." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210969.
Full textL’étude des modifications de surfaces, et plus particulièrement des matériaux d’électrodes est un domaine en plein essor. Les modifications d’électrodes par voie organique ont des applications potentielles dans des domaines aussi variés que l’inhibition de la corrosion, l’électronique moléculaire, l’optoélectronique ou encore les biosenseurs.
Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’électrode d’Au (111) modifiée par du 2-mercaptobenzimidazole.
Dans un premier temps, l’adsorption du MBI sur électrode d’Au (111) sous contrôle du potentiel a été examinée par des mesures de capacité, de voltampérométrie cyclique, de chronocoulométrie et de spectroscopie SNIFTIR in situ.
Les mesures de capacité révèlent qu’en milieu neutre, la molécule de MBI s’adsorbe en un film compact à des potentiels supérieurs à -0,3 V (vs. ECS). En deçà de cette valeur, le film se dilue progressivement lorsque le potentiel est rendu plus négatif, jusqu’à une valeur de -0,9 V où les molécules de MBI sont totalement désorbées de la surface.
La morphologie des voltampérogrammes subit des variations significatives au cours du temps. Ces changements montrent que l’adsorption du MBI s’accompagne d’une levée de reconstruction de la surface, qui passe d’une structure initiale (√3 x 22) à une structure (1 x 1). Une estimation de la quantité de MBI adsorbée est obtenue par intégration des courbes de densité de courant.
La courbe de densité de charge interfaciale a été extraite des mesures de chronocoulométrie. Cette courbe de densité de charge fournit des informations quant à l’évolution de l’excès superficiel en fonction du potentiel.
La qualité des spectres infrarouges relevés in situ nous a permis d’effectuer des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives. Celles-ci montrent une bonne corrélation avec les résultats électrochimiques et apportent une signature moléculaire du film adsorbé et des espèces issues de sa désorption. Des calculs basés sur la Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité (DFT) ont permis une bonne interprétation des spectres infrarouges du MBI et de certains de ses dérivés. En outre, nous avons pu déterminer l’orientation des molécules à la surface, et montré que celle-ci varie peu avec le potentiel.
Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes focalisés sur les propriétés de la monocouche auto-assemblée de MBI sur électrode d’Au (111), déterminées par voltampérométrie cyclique et spectroscopie infrarouge in situ. La monocouche est stable lorsque le potentiel est maintenu dans un domaine d’environ 800 mV. La monocouche auto-assemblée de MBI subit un processus de désorption réductive, influencé par le temps d’immersion de l’électrode dans la solution de surfactant ainsi que par le pH du milieu. Deux mécanismes de désorption réductive sont proposés, l’un valable en milieu neutre et basique, l’autre en milieu acide. Les résultats des mesures de spectroscopie infrarouge in situ apportent une preuve moléculaire de la validité des mécanismes proposés sur base des résultats électrochimiques.
Un rapide examen des potentialités de cette monocouche a été réalisé à l’aide de réactions sondes.
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Abstract
Studies on surface modifications, and particularly of electrode material, are a growing field of interest. Organic modifications of electrode surfaces have potential applications in domains such as corrosion inhibition, molecular electronics, optoelectronics or biosensors.
In the present work, we focussed on the modification of Au(111) electrodes by 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI).
In the first part, the adsorption, under potential control, of the MBI molecule onto the Au(111) electrode was studied by means of capacitance measurements, cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry and in-situ SNIFTIR spectroscopy.
Capacitance measurements indicate that in neutral solution, the MBI molecule is adsorbed as a compact film at potentials higher than -0.3 V (vs. SCE). Below this value, the film becomes progressively less dense when the potential is made more negative, until a value of -0.9 V where MBI molecules are totally desorbed from the surface.
The shape of the voltammograms evolves significantly with time. These changes show that a lift of the surface reconstruction occurs concomitantly to the adsorption of MBI. The initial (√3 x 22) reconstructed structure is lifted to the (1 x 1) unreconstructed one. The amount of adsorbed MBI is estimated by integration of the current density curves.
The interfacial charge density curve was obtained by chronocoulometry measurements. This curve provides useful data regarding the evolution of the surface concentration with the potential.
The quality of the infrared spectra obtained in situ allowed us to perform quantitative as well as qualitative analyses of the results. These analyses show a good correlation with the electrochemical results and provide molecular information on the adsorbed layer and on the species formed during the desorption process. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were helpful in the interpretation of the infrared spectra of MBI and some of its derivatives. Additionally, we were able to determine the orientation of the molecules on the surface, and demonstrated that this orientation is slightly affected by the potential.
In the second part of the work, we investigated the properties of the self-assembled monolayer of MBI on Au(111) electrode by cyclic voltammetry and in situ infrared spectroscopy. The monolayer is stable within an 800 mV potential range. The self-assembled monolayer undergoes a reductive desorption process, which is affected by the pH of the medium and by the immersion time of the electrode into the surfactant solution. Two mechanisms were proposed for the reductive desorption, one being valid in neutral and basic media, the other in acidic conditions. The in situ infrared spectroscopic results provide molecular evidences supporting the mechanisms proposed on an electrochemical basis.
An exploratory examination of the potentialities of the monolayer is made by means of electrochemical probe reactions.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Maaroufi, Nourhene. "Détermination des paramètres spectroscopiques des bandes v1 et v3 de NH3 par spectroscopie infrarouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC099.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine the parameters of the absorption lines of the ammonia molecule for atmospheric applications. In this regard, we measured, at room temperature, the intensities, the broadening and the shift coefficients of the lines of the bands v1, v3, 2v4, and 4v2 in the spectral region 3050-3600 cm-1 of self-disturbed NH3. These measurements were carried out in a large number of branches of these bands with very high precision using a high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (0.008 cm-1).These spectroscopic parameters were determined using a multi-pressure fitting technique using two different profiles: a Voigt profile and a Rosenkranz profile.The manuscript consists of five parts. The first part concerns the spectroscopic properties of ammonia. The second part is dedicated to the apparatus, with the description of the Bruker IFS125HR IRTF spectrometer. In the third part, we expose the results of the line intensities and self-broadenings of isolated lines, which are extracted from the recorded spectra, bands v1, v3, 2v4 and 4v2 of NH3. The fourth part presents the results obtained on line shifts and the interference effects between the components of the doublets of the v1 and v3 bands of NH3.To interpret the results of the line width measurements of the self-disturbed NH3 collisional system, we will present in chapter 5 the formalism adopted for the calculation of these widths. A comparison between the calculated and measured widths makes it possible to test the validity of the formalism used
Bohic, Sylvain. "Apport de la spectroscopie et de la microspectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier à l'étude des phases minérales des tissus calcifiés et des biomatériaux." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT030D.
Full textUrbain, Aurélie. "Etude de la dynamique de la croissance racinaire par microspectroscopie infra rouge à transformée de Fourier chez arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112061.
Full textPrevious studies in our laboratory established that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the detection of primary cell wall modifications in different cell wall mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our project goal is to better define cell wall modifications that appear during cell elongation in growing organs such as the root. We acquire infrared spectra along the root elongation axis from the root tip to the first root hair. . We used a innovative statistical algorithm implementing a simultaneous multiple change-point method that allows us to identify homogenous zones in the root from infrared spectra. This method permits the identification of wavenumbers specific for different developmental stages in the root. Using this approach, the effect of herbicide treatments were studied. We were able to establish a relationship between the specific action of these compounds and changes in the position of zones in the root. Our method allowed the development of a new tool that sheds light on structural modifications of the cell wall occuring during growth of the root
Sandt, Christophe. "Identification de micro-organisme pathogènes impliqués dans les infections nosocomiales par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier et méthodes statistiques." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMP204.
Full textWe have used Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to identify pathogenic microorganisms isolated in a clinical set-up. We demonstrated the usefulness of the technique in the typing of Candida albicans. By using this method, four clinical applications have been achieved: the epidemiological follow-up of HIV patients and ICU patients, the demonstration of a nosocomial transmission of a C. Albicans strain among neonates in a maternity ward and the follow-up of strains from a patient with recurrent systemic candidiasis. We have built a database containing more than 245 strains of GRAM- and 270 strains of GRAM+ pathogenic bacteria belonging to 11 genera and 18 species. Validation of the database yielded 84. 2% correct identification for GRAM- and 94. 7% correct identification for GRAM+. We used FTIR microspectroscopy to evaluate the early identification of pathogenic bacteria and yeasts. A total of 100 GRAM- and 60 GRAM+ strains, belonging to 9 genera and 15 species were included