Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie infrarouge'
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Mattoussi, Manel. "Spectroscopie infrarouge de la molécule CF4." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS015.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript is devoted to the study of very high resolution FTIR spectroscopy of the molecule of tetrafluoromethane CF4 for atmospheric applications. Therefore, a very good modeling of its absorption spectrum is essential for atmospheric concentration measurements. This thesis was carried out in the Molecular and Atmospheric Spectroscopy Group GSMA of the university of Reims Champagne-Ardenne and within the Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics LSDM of the University of Tunis.This manuscript is structured into five main parts. The first part of this thesis concerns the generality and the spectroscopic properties of the CF4. The second part describes the experimental conditions of the different spectra recorded either in Reims or at the AILES line of the SOLEIL synchrotron. The third part presents the theoretical aspect of spectroscopy which deals with the tensorial formalism, effective Hamiltonian and dipole moment that we used to calculate and process our spectra. The fourth part provides a description of the software used during analyzes: MIRS and SpectrAssign. Finally, in the fifth part, we present the results of the analysis and we interpret them by giving comparisons between the observed and calculated spectra
Macaleese, Luke. "Spectroscopie Infrarouge d'Intermédiaires Réactionnels Organométalliques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180742.
Full textNous avons développé cette technique avec deux spectromètres de masse (un piège ICR et un piège quadripolaire de Paul) couplés au laser à électrons libres d'Orsay. Cette source infrarouge a l'intensité requise pour induire l'absorption résonante de multiples photons, et son accordabilité dans l'infrarouge (700-2200cm-1) a été exploitée pour caractériser une grande variété d'ions sélectionnés en masse, en particulier des systèmes organométalliques.
Une partie de cette thèse a été dédiée à la mise au point des deux montages expérimentaux, ainsi qu'à la modélisation des spectres IRMPD. Nous montrons que ceux-ci sont très semblables aux spectres infrarouges d'absorption calculés à l'aide de la fonctionnelle de la densité B3LYP. Nous montrons que l'IRMPD permet de caractériser le spin du métal et le mode de coordination d'un ligand polydentate dans des espèces organométalliques réactives très difficiles à caractériser en phase condensée.
La réaction d'allylation des amines par un alcool allylique, catalysée par un complexe du palladium, a été étudiée. Plusieurs cycles catalytiques sont proposés, et le spectre IRMPD des intermédiaires réactionnels observés permet, en caractérisant leur structure, de valider un cycle catalytique.
Mac, Aleese Luke. "Spectroscopie infrarouge d’intermédiaires réactionnels organométalliques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112348.
Full textThis work is about a new methodology to structurally characterize organometallic reactive intermediates, and more generally molecular ions in the gas phase. Modern ion sources in mass spectrometry enable the transfer of chemical species from solution to the gas phase, and an emerging spectroscopie technique, IRMPD (InfraRed Multiple Photon Dissociation), is used to characterize their structure. We developed this technique by coupling two mass spectrometers (an ICR ion trap and a Paul type quadrupole ion trap) to the free electron laser located at Orsay. This infrared source is powerful enough to induce a resonant multiple photon absorption and its tunability in the infared (700-2000 cm -1) was exploited to characterize a large variety of mass selected ions, in particular organometallic species. Part of this work was dedicated to the optimisation of the two experimental set-ups, as well as to the simulation of IRMPD spectra. We show that those latter are very similar to the infrared absorption spectra calculated with the hybrid density functional B3LYP. We show that IRMPD spectroscopy enables the characterization of the metal spin mate and coordination mode for a polydentate ligand in reactive organometallic species that are very difficult to characterize in the condensed phase. Amine allyation by allylic alcohols catalysed by palladium complexes, has been investigated. Several catalytic cycles were proposed, and the IRMPD spectra of the observed reactive intermediates allow for their structural characterization and a catalytic cycle is validated
Gardan, Guillaume. "Spectroscopie en infrarouge : réflexion totaleatténuée : applications." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P098.
Full textMathurin, Jérémie. "Nanospectroscopie infrarouge avancée : développements instrumentaux et applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS188/document.
Full textFor 10 years, near-field technologies applied to infrared spectroscopy have reached milestones and now are able to make analysis at nanoscale. In my PhD thesis, I will focus on one of these techniques: the so-called AFM-IR technique which combined an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a pulse laser tunable in the infrared spectral range.The main goal of my PhD thesis will be to present the last developments which appears for this technique such as resonance enhanced AFM-IR, tapping mode AFM-IR or the first measurements of AFM-IR with broadband sources. These developments are major in the field of the technique and have led to high increase of the numbers of users. However, AFM-IR remains a recent and complicated technique where user has to master in the same time atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy.The last technological developments allow measurements at the nanoscale. This has multiple consequences, especially it opens new applications fields. It also generates new problematic and new experimental challenges. As a consequence, it is necessary to understand new technological limitations created by these new developments in order to stay critical of the results obtained with an AFM-IR measurement and avoid analysis and interpretation errors which can have bad consequences on the different fields of study
BONVALET, ADELINE. "Spectroscopie infrarouge femtoseconde : etude, developpement et applications." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPXX0045.
Full textAlenda, Aurélie. "Analyses quantitatives en spectroscopie infrarouge : l’AG-IR (Analyses Gravimétriques et spectroscopie InfraRouge) nouvel outil d’analyse pour les espèces adsorbées." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2004.
Full textThe combination of qualitative and quantitative information in infrared spectra allowed understanding the grafting mechanism for octylphosphonic acid on aluminated silicas. In a second step, a new analytic tool, named AG-IR, was designed and tested, combining two complementary techniques: infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. With this unique setup, the weight of the sample is directly measured during the spectroscopic measurement. The experiment can be performed under reduced pressure as well as under operando conditions (inside a working catalytic reactor). Two separate studies were performed. The first one, under vacuum, dealt with the adsorption of acetonitrile derivatives on HMFI zeolite. The second one, under flux, was the determination of integral molar absorption coefficients (denoted as epsilons) of adsorbed water on an H-Y zeolite during thermodesorption and on the interaction of co-adsorbed species. Several interesting results were obtained: the substitution of hydrogen atoms for chlorine atoms in acetonitrile strongly influences epsilon values for the nCºN vibration band, with epsilon decreasing with the number of substituted atoms. Epsilon for the dH2O vibration band depends on the hydration level of the zeolite. The (n+d)H2O vibration band is much less influenced, and this band is therefore recommended for the determination of the water content in the zeolite. Adsorbed water strongly influences the spectral response of adsorbed ammoniac, and the chemical environment of ammonium ions is deeply modified by co-adsorbed water
Weidmann, Damien. "Radiométrie hétérodyne infrarouge par diode laser accordable." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMS005.
Full textBellina, Bruno. "Spectroscopie optique et infrarouge de biomolécules et systèmes molécule-métal." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10233.
Full textThe Different works presented in this thesis include studies of gas phase spectroscopy of biomolecules and metal-molecule complex. Coupling mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy in the UV/Visible and IR range allows for action spectroscopy of mass-selected and isolated ions in ion trap. Measures provide information on intrinsic characteristics of the system and informs on vibrational and electronic properties. The main part of this work focuses on the study of proteins and chemical processes involved in their subparts, amino acids. We were able to obtain optical absorption spectrum of entire proteins in the gas phase. The studies of radical systems incuding tryptophan radical properties have established spectroscopic signatures of these reactive states. Different sites of a metal cation, silver, in a model peptide sequence were used to illustrate the complementarity of infrared spectroscopy and UV/Visible with ion mobility to get information resolve preferential metal binding site. Others approaches have been done on the synthesis of model systems in the gas phase concerning the study of precursors observed during the synthesis of nanoparticles. In particular, we could synthesize collision in ion trap and isolate an Ag42+ stabilized cluster. The role of ligands on the optical properties of nanoparticles stabilized by thiol-type molecules has also been studied
Moumdji, Souad. "Lasers à cristaux photoniques pour la spectroscopie infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068165.
Full textAlkadrou, Abdulsamee. "Spectroscopie Infrarouge et Raman à très haute résolution de la molécule d’éthylène." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS044/document.
Full textThe spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique capable of providing Important Information physical quantities such as concentration, temperature, pressure, ... and other questions about gas.The work presented in this manuscript is devoted to analysis of high resolution infrared and Raman spectroscopy of the ethylene for atmospheric, astrophysical and planetological applications.The work described in this thesis was performed within the "Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique" (GSMA) in the university of Reims Champagne-Ardenne in Reims. In national collaboration with the team (SMPCA) In collaboration in the laboratory "Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne" (ICB) in Dijon, the team (CQP) in the service de "chimie quantique et photophysique" in Brussels. l’Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (CSIC) in Madrid and the members of the line AILES of the Synchrotron SOLEIL in Saint-Aubin.The thesis is structured into 4 main chapters. The first chapter deals with the generality of molecule studied. The second chapter represents the theoretical aspects of the spectroscopy. The third chapter dealing with the explanation of the theoretical model that we used for the analysis and processing of spectra. In the fourth chapter, we present the results of the analysis of the spectrum of the molecule of ethylene in different spectral regions.These results will feed the international databases such as HITRAN (L. Rothmann) and GEISA (Mr. Rotger and CNES), and it can also serve as a data for modeling the start-up AEROVIA initiated by G. Durry, the director of the laboratory. with these data, we can also feed the European database VAMDC
BOUMRICHE, AHMED. "Structure et dynamique de la perovskite inversee balif#3." Le Mans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LEMA1008.
Full textTriki, Karim. "Caractérisation par spectroscopie infrarouge des complexes phytochélatines-cuivre chez Scenedesmus quadricauda /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textGratien, Aline Orphal Johannes Picquet-Varrault Bénédicte. "Spectroscopie ultraviolet-visible et infrarouge de molécules clés atmosphériques." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0494573.pdf.
Full textGratien, Aline. "Spectroscopie ultraviolet-visible et infrarouge de molécules clés atmosphériques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846616.
Full textLaxalde, Jérémy. "Analyse des produits lourds du pétrole par spectroscopie infrarouge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10022/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop an alternative analysis for the characterisation of heavy oil products. Predictive chemometric models have been developed by mid-infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopies. This work has principally concerned the predictive model optimisation of saturate, aromatic, resin and asphalten contents (SARA). A simultaneous optimisation procedure of spectral data pre-processing methods and variable selection by genetic algorithms was evaluated. This approach has permitted to lead to the best NIR predictions and to show the interpretation potentialof selected variables. A comparative study of MIR and NIR spectroscopies for the development of heavy oil property predictive model was also performed. Results have shown that NIR spectroscopy was globally better for our application. It has been shown that spectroscopic data fusion can improve predictive power of models. The obtained results have shown that it seems however necessary that both spectroscopy, considered separately, have to lead to similar predictive power to expect an predictive power improvement when combining MIR and NIR. The interpretation potential of multiblock has been confirmed for the identification of MIR and NIR specific information. Finally, models developed for the prediction of density, contents of SARA, Conradson carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen were judged satisfactory for an application at laboratory
Petit, Guy. "Spectroscopie infrarouge des groupes carbonyles dans les systèmes biologiques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5291/1/000607709.pdf.
Full textDallier, Richard. "Spectroscopie astronomique infrarouge par fibres optiques et detecteurs bidimensionnels." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077014.
Full textDurand, Sylvère. "Une nouvelle spectroscopie infrarouge pour l'étude de systèmes biologiques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112258.
Full textThe aim of my Ph D is to develop an apparatus to do IR spectroscopy of peptide in gas phase between 1000 and 4000 cm-1. Experimentations are done via the combination of mass spectrometry and tunable infrared lasers. We want to improve resolution and sensitivity of the spectroscopy. To this purpose, my PhD was spread on to main axis: formation of a complex "ion-tag messenger" and the spectroscopy "two colors" of peptides fragments. The axis focused on the formation of the complex was an instrumental work and induced the insertion of a cold trap in a commercial mass spectrometer. My thesis creates a new instrumentation, and allowed for the first time the study of peptides highly linked in the IR domain 1000-4000 cm-1
Goullet, Antoine. "Dynamique de réseau de la berlinite : activité infrarouge et Raman." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20145.
Full textBesnard, Thierry Greneche Jean-Marc. "Etude des formations nuageuses troposphériques par spectrométrie infrarouge." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1022.pdf.
Full textChen, Weidong. "Techniques d'hétérodynage dans l'infrarouge lointain : quelques applications en spectroscopie de rotation." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10108.
Full textBERTIN, CHANTAL. "Caracterisation de la degradation microbienne de constituants parietaux par spectroscopie dans l'infrarouge proche et moyen." Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT2041.
Full textLene, Mirouze Frédéric De. "Analyse quantitative en spectrométrie moyen infrarouge par transformée de Fourier : perspectives d'application dans le domaine agro-alimentaire." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10015.
Full textDicko, Awa. "Caractérisation des membranes biologiques par différentes techniques de spectroscopie infrarouge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0021/NQ55808.pdf.
Full textDescales, Bernard. "Modélisation des propriétés de coupes d'hydrocarbures par spectroscopie proche-infrarouge." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30060.
Full textPetitprez, Denis. "Spectroscopie infrarouge par laser à diode d'espèces réactives d'intérêt astrophysique." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10083.
Full textBesnard, Thierry. "Etude des formations nuageuses troposphériques par spectrométrie infrarouge." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1022.pdf.
Full textFor improvement of meso and microscale weather forecast models, forecasters need more and more local data relative to clouds amount, texture and spatial distribution. Moreover climate changes produce more ad more hazardous meteorological phenomena induced by clouds. For these reasons, observation networks need instruments for day and night monitoring of the cloud cover. After a brief history of the meteorological sciences, we report a state of the art of the cloud observation. Before going onto technical and scientific issues of the topic, specifications needed for such instrument have been listed. Considering state of the art, motivations to use thermal infrared technology are described. A wide set of experimentations still running up to now have been performed in Europe and in the USA. To improvement instrument, different approaches of modelling and theoretical issues have been studied. The initial goal which was the design of an instrument potentially deployable on the field has been matched. As a conclusion, we present potential optimizations of the instruments and basic considerations for a simpler instrument based on the same IR technique
Levasseur-Garcia, Cécile. "Stratégie de classement des lots de maïs en fonction de leurs teneurs en fusariotoxines par spectroscopie infrarouge." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30311.
Full textThe European regulation CE 1126/2007 dictates the maximal mycotoxins contents allowed in cereals. Their direct measurement with the reference methods is long and tedious. Furthermore, it is destructive and cannot be used at silo. Alternative tools such as infrared spectroscopy are studied. The objective of the first part of the study is to apply near infrared spectroscopy to identify and discriminate Fusarium isolates, grown on solid culture medium, without preparation of the sample. This approach should allow discrimination of Fusarium species most abundant in the corn : Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium verticillioides. The infrared spectra of 58 strains belonging to these four species were collected on a spectrometer. A model based on artificial neural networks was developed for the species discrimination. With this model, the correct classifiaction on the external validation set was very good (98. 8%). The objective of the second part is to sort the corn samples regarding their deoxynivalenol and fumonisins contents. More than 2000 samples were used in this study. Their infrared spectra were collected on a near spectrometer, and they were referenced for their mycotoxins contents with chromatography methods. The performances of the infrared models developed to quantify the deoxynivalenol (DON) and the fumonisins (FUM) contents are not good enough to be used in the field, even if the support vector machines approach gives interesting results. Thus, qualitative models were developed to sort the samples in three classes : 'no risk for DON and FUM', 'risk for DON and/or FUM' and a middle class 'samples to be analysed by reference method'. The objective of the last part is to study the link between contents of ergosterol, fumonisins and fungal biomass (Colony Forming Units-CFU) in 117 corn sapmles. A fungal cell count was also done for 34 species. The near infared spectra of the corn samples were collected and used to predict the fungal biomass and the ergosterol contents
Datcu, Stefan. "Quantification des déperditions thermiques des bâtiments par thermographie infrarouge." Paris 12, 2002. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002118820204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis work is directed towards three principal axes of research: The modelling of coupled heat transfert on building walls, the characterization of the infra-red camera and the research and development of image tools adapted to the infra-red images. The work with thermographic images required the study of image processing tools. We studied various segmentation operators, in order to isolate the different areas present in an IR image. These areas correspond to thermal defects or surfaces with different radiative parameters. By image segmentation, we could fix the real values of the radiative parameters and select the areas corresponding to thermal defects. The camera, used with a 45ʿx34ʿ lens, presents aberrations which imply non-linear hehavior. In order to perform a convolutional analysis, the FOV was sampled on sub-areas where the behavior of the camera is regarded as linear that made possible the estimation ot a transfer function per area. To restore the noisy IR images, regularization techniques were employed. The experimental study was carried ont on a model wall presenting an insulation defect. In order to better include and understand the air flow near the walls surfaces, numerical simulation were performed using Fluent in order to model the air flow around the surface of the wall. The simulation results and measurements of flow and temperature made-it possible to develop a model of radiative exchanges to quantify the radiation emitted by the environment and reflected hy the wall surface, and to develop a nu merical model of natural convection based on the integral method of von Karman Pohlhausen. The values of the total heat lux calculated from IR measurements agree with the results calculated by Fluent
Datcu, Stefan Matteï Simone. "Quantification des déperditions thermiques des bâtiments par thermographie infrarouge." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2002. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0211882.pdf.
Full textLecoutre, Michaël. "Spectroscopie photoacoustique haute résolution de molécules stables dans le proche infrarouge." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-314.pdf.
Full textDans l'etude suivante, l'observation de nouvelles bandes d'absorption de hcn et de leurs bandes chaudes associees nous a permis de determiner la principale constante d'interaction de fermi couplant les modes d'elongations de la molecule. Pour ocs, une analyse detaillee des perturbations via les intensites des bandes vibrationnelles a valide le modele global d'hamiltonien utilise, base sur la theorie des modes normaux. Des moments dipolaires induits de l'ordre de 10 7 debye ont ete determines. Par ailleurs, deux molecules silicees ont ete etudiees. Dans le cas de sihf 3, une analyse rotationnelle ainsi qu'une etude des couplages des niveaux vibrationnels ont ete realisees. Les resultats sont compares aux predictions ab initio. Enfin, dans le cadre d'une etude globale des bandes harmoniques de la vibration si-h dans h 3sid, impliquant des spectres a transformee de fourier ainsi que des calculs ab initio, nous avons observe la 5 i e m e bande harmonique et analyse sa structure a l'aide de la theorie des modes locaux. Nous avons mis en evidence la degenerescence vibrationnelle des niveaux (600,a 1) et (600,e), et observe au niveau de la structure de rotation la perte de symetrie de la molecule
Drossart, Pierre. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge de l'atmosphère de Jupiter : de Voyager à Galileo." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112158.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the atmosphere of Jupiter by infrared spectroscopy. Spectra of the instrument IRIS on Voyager 1 are analyzed at 5 microns by comparison to synthetic spectra. The molecular abundances of PH₃, CH₃D, GeH₄and H₂O are derived. Variations in the abundances of several constituents are measured from the Voyager spectra for H₂O and from ground-based instruments for PH₃ and C₂H₂. The interpretation of these variations could be different for each molecule H₂O , which is condensable, could vary with the convective vertical motions of the atmosphere, PH₃ by chemical and convective variations, which equilibrate its production and its destruction and C₂H₂ by the variations of the UV insolation or by the precipitation of charged particules in the stratosphere. This work is also a preparation to the observations by the NIMS instrument of Galileo (in orbit around Jupiter in 1989), by a calculation of the spectra observable at 5 and 3 microns. In conclusion, several theories of the dynamics of Jupiter are presented, with a project of numerical simulation of the spherical convection, which could be adapted to Jupiter
Khalil, Mireille. "Interactions et stabilité des protéines étudiées par spectroscopies infrarouge et Raman." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF011/document.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the study of protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions as well as the study of proteins stability by means of Raman and infrared spectroscopies. In the first part, we focused on the interactions between different adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin reductase proteins in order to get a better understanding of the electron transfer mechanism. The second part of the thesis concerns the changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of PDZ domains in the presence and absence of peptides during complex formation. The last part is dedicated to a comparative study of hemocyanins originated from organisms living in vastly different conditions such as Limulus polyphemus and Eurypelma californicum. This part of the project concerns the effect of temperature (294-20 K) and pH on the secondary structure of proteins. Finally the influence of oxygen binding on the secondary structure and the active site of Limulus polyphemus, Eurypelma californicum and Astacus leptodactylus was investigated
Ouardi, Okkacha. "Intensités des bandes chaudes du méthane dans la région de 8 microns." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOS011.
Full textYolou, Séri. "Analyse vibrationnelle et structurale de diacides aliphatiques oxo et gem-dimethyle substitués et de leurs sels alcalins en solution aqueuse." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON13520.
Full textMubumbila, Ntumba. "Élaboration par pulvérisation ionique réactive et caractérisation de couches minces de carbonitrure amorphe a-CNx." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2026.
Full textDuvernay, Fabrice. "Photochimie des Carboxamides (formamide, urée) : étude par spectrométrie infrarouge et application au milieu interstellaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11016.
Full textNiro, Cristoforo Fabrizio. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale des profils collisionnels dans les centres et ailes des bandes infrarouges de CO2 : applications à la simulation et à l'inversion de spectres atmosphériques." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112242.
Full textThe inclusion of line-mixing effects in the I. R. CO2 spectrum is fundamental for the analysis of atmospheric spectra, specially in the vicinity of Q branch, as in the far wings regions of the most intense bands (the V2 and the V3 centred around 15[mu]m and 4[mu]m). The deviations with respect to the lorentzian line-shape are proportional to the optical depth and are significant for the sounding of the lower atmosphere (h<25km). This problem has been extensively studied for the Q branch regions, on the contrary for the far wings large discrepancies still remain, particularly for the V2 band, due to the lack of theoretical and experimental works. Nevertheless the importance of this spectral region is nowadays well-known, since is commonly chosen for the retrieval of pressure-temperature profiles in the atmosphere. The model presented here is an extension of the ECS approach, previously used for the modeling of CO2 Q branch. Now a global relaxation matrix is build in order to take into account the mixing of all the lines (P, Q and R) in each vibrational CO2 band, without any adjustable parameters, this allows to model the absorption coefficient over a wide spectral range around the center of the band. This model has been tested successfu1ly in the region of the V2 band using a series of laboratory absorption spectra of a mixture of CO2-N2 at high pressure (70-200 bar), and a large number of atmospheric spectre (emission and transmission). The applications to the retrieval of pressure-temperature profiles are discussed in details in the thesis, since the sounding in the line-wings, for which we have now a precise model, can be particularly advantageous, due to the square-pressure dependence of the absorption coefficient and the low sensitivity to systematic errors, as a bad knowledge of the instrumental line-shape
Ripoche, Anne. "Contribution au contrôle de la fabrication du jambon cuit supérieur." Massy, ENSIA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EIAA0101.
Full textGicquel, Adeline. "Spectroscopie infrarouge cométaire : analyse des observations de la comète 9P/Tempel 1 obtenues avec le télescope spatial Spitzer lors de l'évènement Deep Impact." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2011. https://hal.science/tel-02095126.
Full textComets contain the most primitive icy material from the epoch of Solar System formation. Their composition may potentially be unchanged since their accretion in the protoplanetary disk. Studying them informs us about the physical and chemical processes of planet formation. When comets approach the Sun, the nucleus surrounds itself with an atmosphere called coma consisting of dust and products of ice sublimations. NASA selected the comet 9P/Tempel 1 as the target for the Deep Impact event. It is the only spatial mission, to this day, to have examined material from the interior of a cometary nucleus resulting from a planned collision that occurred on the 4th of July 2005. During this thesis, I study the ejecta created by this event which allowed me to 1. Analyze the activity of comet 9P/Tempel 1 and the properties of its coma before and after the impact and 2. Determine the dust-to-ice ratio in the deep layers of the nucleus. To perform this research, I developed numerical models to interpret infrared spectroscopic data from the Spitzer Space Telescope before and after the impact. The Spitzer spectra, between 5. 2--13. 2 µm enable us to study the fluorescence emission of the v₂ vibrational band of water at 6. 4 µm and the thermal emission of the dust. The temporal evolution of the continuum was analyzed using a dust thermal model which considers two size distributions and two grain compositions : amorphous carbon and intimate silicate- carbon mistures. The temperature of grains was derived from the radiative equilibrium and the absorption coefficients was calculated by using Mie theory. The free parameters of the size distribution were constrained for the dust ejecta and for the ambient coma dust which allow us to deduce the mass of the ejecta in the field of view. The study of these data suggests that a significant number of small grains were released during the impact and that grains split up during their expansion in the coma. The total mass of the injecta range from (0. 5--2. 1) x 10⁶ kg for sizes 0. 1--100µm, which is in good agreement with other values published in the literature. The temporal evolution of the dust ejecta emission within the Spitzer field of view was interpreted by a time-dependent model which simulates the development of the dust cloud and takes into account the dynamics of the grains. The velocity law for each grain size was constrained by the model. The water emission was extracted from the Spitzer spectra and the water columns within the Spitzer extraction aperture were inferred using a fluorescence excitation model. The pre-impact spatial distribution of water molecules allowed to determine the water production rate for the ambient coma of the comet 9P/Tempel 1, equal to 4. 7 x 10²⁷ molecules s-1. The temporal evolution of the number of water molecules within the FOV, investigated utilizing a time-dependent water model, allowed to deduce the mass of water injected by the impact equal to (7. 4 +/- 1. 5) x 10⁶ kg. This temporal evolution brings to light that sustained production of water molecules occured after impact from sublimating icy grains. A model of sublimation of icy outflowing grains was developed to analyze the sustained production of water molecules after the impact. Two approaches, corresponding to a dense and rarefied medium, were used to account for the dynamics of water molecules escaping from grains (pure ice on including impurities) in the ambient flow. This analysis of data brings to light the presence of pure ice grain in the injecta. The mass of ice deducted by the model for pure ice grains for size 0. 1--1 µm is estimated to Mice > 4. 7 x 10⁶ kg. This study about water and dust in the injecta leads to a dust-to-ice ratio < 0. 03. This result, compared to the dust-to-ice ratio ~ 1 normally measured in the cometary atmspheres, suggests the presence of a large amount of ice under the surface of th enucleus for the comet 9P/Tempel 1
Halter, Eric. "Spéciation des ions phosphate et uranyle à l'interface corindon colloïdal/solution : étude expérimentale et analyses spectroscopiques in-situ." Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00544360.
Full textSeveral field studies suggested that the (co)sorption of phosphate and uranyl at the iron or aluminum (hydr)oxides surface controls the retention of uranium in soils, in conditions where uranyl phosphate precipitation is hindered (acidic pH and/or low U concentrations). This thesis deals with the sorption mechanisms of phosphate and uranyl on colloidal corundum, and the influence of parameters such as reaction time, pH and uranyl and phosphate concentrations. Up to day, it is the only study aiming to identify in situ the surface species formed by phosphate and uranyl at the corundum-solution interface, during the sorption process and corundum dissolution. For the study of the speciation at the interface several techniques has been used. These include zetametry, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR). The ATR FTIR spectroscopy allows to probe the surface of layers composed of colloids, deposited on ATR crystals, and put into contact of an aqueous solution. It has been showed the characterization of this layer by CPM microscopy allows to make reproducible IR analyses. The surface modification of the corundum in contact with solutions at different pH has been followed by ATR FTIR spectroscopy. At pH 3. 3, corundum surface hydration leads to a fast reorganization of the interfacial structure which seems to be a surface bayeritisation, or possibly boehmitisation. IR analyzes shows a fast boehmite formation at pH 4. 5, by dissolution/reprecipitation, and suggests the massive formation of a pseudo boehmite more or less amorphous at neutral pH. Phosphate and uranyl sorption has thus been mainly studied at a pH of 3. 3, where the corundum modification is limited to a surface hydration. Phosphate sorption on corundum is a chemisorption since it moves the isoelectric point values of corundum (8. 2) to lower pH. The different methods used show that phosphate are adsorbed at acidic pH (3. 3) by a combination of surface complexation and surface precipitation, with relative contribution depending on the phosphate surface coverage rate and on the contact time. At high coverage rate, aluminum phosphate surface precipitation is observed, characterized by an absorption band at 1137 cm-1, which can be attributed to the PO elongation vibrations, which absorbance increases with contact time and phosphate concentration. During this precipitation, absorption bands also appear at characteristic O-H deformation vibrations positions revealing a reorganization of the hydroxyl groups due to he diminution of the potential and the surface charges. The study thus shows that the corundum/phosphated solution interface change over long periods, the corundum dissolution leading to the formation of surface precipitates and to the reorganization of surface hydroxyl. The sorption mechanisms of uranyl (1 – 10 μM) in presence of phosphate have been studied for corundum suspensions at pH 3. 3. The zeta potential variations in function of the surface coverage rate in uranyl and phosphate indicates the formation of surface species composed of both phosphate and uranyl, implying several mechanisms. The apparition of strongly correlated IR bands at ~1107, ~1024 cm-1 and 971 cm-1, observable during the addition of uranyl at the corundum/phosphated solutions systems and attributable to the P-O elongation vibration, confirms the formation of phosphated uranyl surface species. IR spectroscopy shows also that the quantitative sorption of uranyl, observable at high phosphate coverage rate, happens during the transformation of the corundum surface into aluminum phosphate. This suggests the incorporation of U in the surface precipitate structure and/or the uranyl phosphate surface precipitation. Although this study has been mainly performed at acidic pH, it is of interest in the comprehension of the phosphate retention mechanisms (as pollutant) in soils. It permits to highlight for the first time, by in situ techniques, the formation of aluminum phosphate precipitate on aluminum oxide. It shows also clearly the formation of phosphated uranyl surface species at acidic pH. It suggests that the incorporation of U in the aluminum phosphate surface precipitate network and/or the formation of uranyl phosphate surface precipitates controls the long time retention of U at the state of traces in soils i. E. In conditions where the soils solutions are under saturated according to uranyl phosphate
Polack, Thomas. "Spectroscopie infrarouge impulsionnelle appliquée au transfert de ligands dans les hémoprotéines." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005255.
Full textLes différentes étapes du transfert de ligand du site de liaison, l'hème, à l'extérieur de la protéine, ont lieu sur des échelles de temps couvrant plusieurs ordres de grandeur. Notre étude concerne les premières étapes du transfert de ligand qui se déroulent à l'échelle femtoseconde. Il s'agit dans le cas de la myoglobine du passage du ligand de l'hème à un site voisin à l'intérieur de la poche de l'hème (dit docking-site). Nous accédons au transfert grâce à une sonde située dans le domaine infrarouge moyen (5 µm). Ainsi, nous sommes directement sensibles aux changements de la vibration du ligand CO au cours du transfert.
Le temps de déphasage vibrationnel du ligand CO (1 picoseconde) est long devant la dynamique du transfert. Ceci est à l'origine d'effets de cohérence et interdit, aux temps courts, une interprétation simple des expériences de transmission résolues spectralement. Afin de s'affranchir de ces effets, nous avons mis en place et utilisé deux méthodes complémentaires. Dans une première configuration expérimentale, la transmission de l'échantillon est intégrée spectralement, l'obtention du signal faible a nécessité une détection d'une grande sensibilité. Dans une deuxième configuration, nous accédons à la vibration du ligand au cours du transfert par la détection homodyne du champ émis par le ligand au cours du transfert. Cette approche originale de détection du champ émis a nécessité la stabilisation en phase d'une séquence d'impulsions infrarouge.
Nous avons développé une fonction de réponse non-stationnaire qui décrit la réponse de l'échantillon et permet la simulation de ces deux types d'expériences. Nous présentons également une représentation spectro-temporelle originale de la réponse non-stationnaire.
Nous avons mené des expériences sur la myoglobine, une hémoprotéine qui est un système de référence pour l'étude du transfert de ligand. Dans cette protéine, nos expériences de transmission différentielle intégrée spectralement ont permis d'observer une diminution progressive de la force d'oscillateur du ligand au cours du transfert. Cette interprétation est confirmée par des simulations basées sur un modèle phénoménologique. De façon surprenante, cette variation de force d'oscillateur ne suit pas le changement quasi-instantanée de la fréquence vibrationnelle. A notre connaissance, il s'agit de la première observation d'une diminution progressive de la force d'oscillateur vibrationnelle suite à la rupture d'une liaison chimique. Corrélée à la distance hème-ligand, cette force d'oscillateur est potentiellement une sonde du transfert de ligand.
Carcabal, Pierre. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge des complexes C2H2-HCl et C2H4-HCl." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009002.
Full textFossard, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie infrarouge de fils et boîtes quantiques d'InAs/InAlAs/InP(001)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002702.
Full textTriki, Karim. "Caractérisation par spectroscopie infrarouge des complexes phytochélatines-cuivre chez Scenedesmus quadricauda." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25815.pdf.
Full textBoulet-Audet, Maxime. "ÉTUDE DE LA SOIE PAR SPECTROSCOPIE INFRAROUGE À RÉFLEXION TOTALE ATTÉNUÉE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26976/26976.pdf.
Full textMaroun, Fouad. "Spectroscopie infrarouge a l'interface electrochimique : des semi-conducteurs vers les metaux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0045.
Full textFossard, Frédéric. "Spectroscopie infrarouge des fils et boîtes quantiques d'InAs/InAlAs/InP(001)." Paris 11, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002702.
Full textIntraband transitions are optical transitions between confined states of the conduction band or the valence band. Spectroscopy of intraband transitions gives an accurate measurement of the confinement energies as well as the spatial symmetry of the wave functions. The main applications are photodetection and unipolar lasers. In 1D and 0D nanostructures, the lateral confinement of the carriers allows intraband transitions polarised in the layer plane. Samples studied in this work have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Strains, due to the lattice mismatch between InAs and InAlAs, give rise to nanometric islands in the Stransky Krastanov growth mode. Structural characterization reveals that it is possible to obtain different types of nanostructures by adjusting growth parameters. The weak lattice mismatch (3%) allows a full coverage of the inAlAs surface by wires, elongated dots or isotropic dots. The samples have been characterized by photoluminescence, photo-induced absorption and photocurrent spectroscopies. These experiments reveal the presence of intense infrared absorptions (12-14[mu]m), polarized in the layer plane and attributed to optical transition between the ground state and the first excited state confined along [110]. This absorption reaches 26% in 10 planes of n-doped (10^12cm^(-2)) elongated dots. We also observe other transitions at shorter wavelength (9-12[mu]m) in the [110] and [1-10] polarisations attributed to transitions between excited states in the conduction band. The synthesis of the different spectroscopies allows the reconstruction of the energetic diagram. Results are in agreement with calculations based on a k. P model
Gourion-Arsiquaud, Samuel. "Etude structure fonction de sites métalliques protéiques par spectroscopie infrarouge différentielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22023.pdf.
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