Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spectroscopie par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE)'
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Al, Zeine Abdel Razzak. "Etude par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) du piégeage des radicaux azotés NO et NO2 par de nouveaux pièges diéniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4703.
Full textNO radical requires to be trapped before its EPR detection in solution. The work described therein deals with the study of the potentialities of the compounds PG3 and DSB in this field: both molecules show a conjugated diene moiety that could allow a [4+1] cycloaddition with NO, thereby yielding EPR detectable nitroxide adducts. In the presence of oxygen, PG3 trapped efficiently NO and NO2 radicals in tert-butylbenzene, leading to stable cyclic nitroxide and oxynitroxide, respectively, with characteristic EPR spectra. In more polar solvents and in aqueous media, PG3 was found to trap NO2, formed after NO oxidation, rather than NO itself. In the presence of oxygen, DSB trapped efficiently NO in various solvents, yielding a stable cyclic nitroxide easily identified on the basis of its EPR spectrum, though no EPR signal was ever detected after reaction between DSB and NO2. PG3 and DSB both showed a high thermal stability and no in situ generation is necessary. All these results re-boost interest in using conjugated dienes as NO traps, though more hydrophilic compounds should now be elaborated for biological applications
Gabison, Laure. "Etude du mécanisme de l'urate oxydase par diffraction des rayons X et spectroscopie RPE." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P610.
Full textUrate oxidase is a key enzyme of the purine degradation pathway. This protein work without cofactor (metallic nor organic) and catalyse in presence of molecular oxygen, the degradation of urate (uric acid mono-anion) into 5-hydroxyisourate with release of hydrogen peroxide. 5-hydroxyisourate finally decomposes spontaneously or via two specific proteins to allantoïne. Urate oxidase mechanism is studied since the beginning of the century and it still remains nottotally understood. X-Ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy allow bringing new lighting on urate oxidas mechanism. EPR spectroscopy shows the radical character of the mechanism and brings to propose the electronic state of some intermediate. Tridimensional studies by x-ray diffraction of high resolution inhibitor-enzyme complexes suggest urate déprotonation for the first step of the mechanism to give di-deprotonated intermediate on N3 and N7 atoms of uric acid. Several approach to block the natural substrate in the active site confirm deprotonated state and also permit to propose dehydrourate as stable relational intermediate. Finally different fruitless attempts to detect the hypothetic 5-hydroperoxyisourate intermediate from literature drove to formulate hypothesis of a direct passage to dehydrourate or generation of 4-hydroperoxyisourate. Dehydrourate is the hydroxyled and un-complexe from the active site. From all the result two news alternative mechanism were suggested
Actis, Michel. "Niveaux électroniques intrinsèques et extrinsèques dans les pérovskites - théorie de la fonctionnelle densité appliquée a BaTiO#3 et PbTiO#3 : La ; Cu. - détermination par spectroscopie RPE et mesures de conductivité des localisations électroniques dans BaTiO#3 et PbTiO#3: La ; Cu." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS055.
Full textLorenzi, Magali. "Etude des transitions structurales dans les protéines flexibles par marquage de spin suivi par spectroscopie de Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique (RPE)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10139/document.
Full textThe study of structural transitions in proteins is of crucial interest because these transformations are involved in many biological processes. Such structural phenomena can be the source of remarkable properties in flexible or disordered proteins, properties hardly accessible by conventional structural techniques. Site-directed spin labeling combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is a technique well suited for the study of these structural transitions. The insertion of a nitroxide reagent on a cysteine, natural or introduced by site-directed mutagenesis, located in a key position of a protein provides local information on possible structural changes induced by the addition of a partner. This technique was applied on two biological systems with a different degree of flexibility. The flexibility of NarJ, a chaperon protein involved in the biogenesis of the complex nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli was studied in the presence of its peptide partner. These studies enabled us to determine the interaction site and to show that the association of the two partners induced a locked conformation of NarJ. The second system is the CP12 protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, involved in the regulation of a supramolecular complex of the Calvin cycle. CP12 shares some similarities with the intrinsically disordered protein but having natural and functional cysteines. The conventional labeling allowed us to highlight a new role of its partner and to demonstrate that CP12 remains disordered in the complex. Moreover, this protein was used as a model system to develop a new labeling strategy on tyrosine and to demonstrate its feasibility
Burlat, Bénédicte. "Etude fonctionnelle des hydrogénases à centre [Ni-Fe] : approche par spectroscopie RPE et photochimie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11009.
Full textLe, Breton Nolwenn. "Nouvelles approches pour le marquage de spin suivi par spectroscopie de résonance paramagnétique électronique : application à l'étude de la dynamique des protéines." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4744/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of new approaches for site-directed spin labeling followed by EPR spectroscopy. This technique is well suited to monitor the structural dynamics of proteins. The insertion of a nitroxide radical, in one (or several) selected site(s) of a protein, allows probing the structure of the protein using different EPR spectroscopy approaches (continuous wave and pulsed).In a first part, this technique has been applied to characterize the structural dynamics of the yeast IF1, an inhibitory peptide of the ATP-synthase. Using EPR and circular dichroïsm spectroscopies we showed that yeast IF1 dimerizes by its central part and that the C-terminal part remains disordered.The second part is more methodological and the aim is to study and characterize a newly synthesized spin label in order to expand the potential of site-directed spin labeling. In particular, the technique is limited by the poor spectral diversity offered by the available labels (three lines). The new label gives a six lines EPR spectrum thanks to the presence of a magnetic nucleus in the environment of the radical. Grafted on a model protein, we demonstrated that this new label is as able as classical ones to report on structural variations. The superposition of the spectral signatures (three lines + six lines) showed that it is possible to differentiate the two spectral signatures and to probe two sites of a protein and its partner simultaneously
Chevalier, Alain. "Contribution à l'étude par spectroscopie RPE et Mössbauer et de la stabilité de l'hémoglobine." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD119.
Full textThe haemoglobin stability has been led through the action of agents capable of modifying it, that is to say either by denaturing agents (RX), and then we have studied the nature and the kinetics of the radiolysis products apparition, or by glutaraldehyde action which can work positively on the molecule by the polymerisation it realizes : we'll study with these cases the way polymerized haemoglobins properties and structure are modified. The intraglobular reduced Hb radiolysis leads to the formation of a ferric compound Hb02 which shows that apart from this last compound (denaturation ultimate state) deoxyhaemoglobin, methemoqlobin, hemi and haemachromes take form. Hb02 radio dissociation had never been observed since, until now, irradiation had been realized in aqueous solutions. Polymerisation stabilizes the globine and avoids haemachrome formation in limiting the globine movement. The polymerized haemoglobin forms Mössbauer spectra are explained by a charge transfer between iron and oxygen, and potential barrier diminution opposed to 02 rotation. The RPE spectra show that polymerisation introduces a diminution of the total distance (F8His)N-fe-NO with probably the iron leaving the heme plane. These structures modifications are correlated with those of haemoglobin function properties. They are compatible with the heme pocket opening as it is shown by the regeneration by polymerisation of methemoglobin denatured in hemichrome
Jacques, Julien. "Réactivité de la nitrate réductase périplasmique étudiée par spectroscopie RPE et électrochimie directe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4710/document.
Full textRhodobacter sphaeroides periplasmic nitrate reductase catalyses the reduction of nitrate into nitrite. It is a metalloenzyme containing a molybdenum cofactor, an iron - sulfur cluster, and two haems.The reactivity of the molybdenum cofactor remains elusive for many reasons. Among others : the heterogeneity of the EPR signatures of Mo(V), the semi-reduced state of the active site, and the existence of inactive states of the enzyme, depending on conditions.In order to understand the reactivity and the catalytic relevance of the major Mo(V) species, we have undertaken a characterisation of the activation and inactivation processes by protein-film-electrochemistry, and a study of their structure by EPR and HYSCORE spectroscopies.Our kinetic observations suggest that the irreversible activation of the enzyme involves a rearrangement of one of the pterins of the Mo cofactor.This is evidenced by the modification of intercentre magnetic couplings due to the activation, and by structural modifications beyond the first coordination sphere of Mo.Finally, the study of enzyme reversible inactivation by electrochemistry shows the involvement of the different redox states of the active site in the inhibition mechanism, and yields the necessary conditions to trapping active Mo(V) forms
Pichon, Céline. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés magnétiques et catalytiques de polyoxométallates fonctionnalisés à haute nucléarité : détermination de l'anisotropie de complexes mononucléaires de Mn" par spectroscopie RPE multifréquence." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0028.
Full textThe study of the combination of polyoxometalates (POMs) with FeIII and organic ligands has been explored, leading to the isolation of unprecedented hybrid molecular species including the first POM « butterfly » compound. The exchange interactions between the magnetic centers have been quantified. These insoluble species, synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis, revealed to be active in heterogeneous catalysis in the oxidation of isobutane. The reaction of metallic ions MII with exogeneous ligands and a trilacunary polyanion (M = Cu, Ni) or the cyclic POM {P8W48} (M = Cu) has led to high nuclearity POM clusters (up to 20 3d centers). Their magnetic properties as well as their electrocatalytic activities for the reduction of dioxygen have been studied. Finally, the anisotropy induced by a polyanionic framework in mononuclear MnII complexes has been studied by multifrequency EPR spectroscopy and magnetism. These results show that POM systems are able to induce unprecedentedly high magnetic anisotropies considering MnII mononuclear complexes studied until now. DFT calculations were carried out in order to rationalise the different contributions implied
Zeamari, Kamal. "Investigation par spectroscopie RPE des bases moléculaires de la réactivité d'une enzyme à molybdène : la nitrate réductase périplasmique de Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0546/document.
Full textThe periplasmic nitrate reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides contains, in addition to the Mo-cofactor, a [4Fe-4S] center and two c-type hemes defining an intramolecular electron transfer chain. This work focuses on two molecular aspects of the catalysis: the reactivity of the Mo-cofactor, and the intramolecular electron transfer step. These issues are dealt by combining approaches as site-directed mutagenesis, enzymatic activities, continuous-waves (CW) and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and redox titration of metal cofactors of the enzyme. A first part of this work is devoted to the spectroscopic and physicochemical characterization (thermodynamic and kinetic properties) of Mo (V) intermediates of the active site in order to determine their structure and their catalytic relevance. We have undertaken a detailed characterization of two Mo(V) intermediates generated in presence of nitrate, which display some structural differences beyond the first coordination sphere of the Mo(V) ion. In a second part, we highlight the role of a highly conserved amino acid (Lys) in intramolecular electron transfer. This positively-charged amino acid is located in the second coordination sphere of the [4Fe-4S] center and plays a major role in the redox properties tuning of the [4Fe-4S] center thus strongly affecting the catalytic properties of the enzyme. All together, these data provide some structural insights on the enzyme reactivity beyond the first coordination sphere of the Mo-cofactor
Fournier, Eugénie. "Structure et dynamique fonctionnelle de l'ACC oxydase étudiées par marquage de spin suivi par la spectroscopie RPE." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0583.
Full textACC Oxidase is a nonheme iron(II) containing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene in plants. ACCO reaction mechanism and the role of the various cofactors are not well understood and structural and dynamic data are still required. A crystallographic structure has been reported showing the C-terminal part (C-term) away from the active site. This is not the active conformation as it has been shown that the C-term is essential. Later, a structural model has been proposed in which the C-term is folded towards the active site. Different conformations can be hypothesized. A technique well suited to monitor protein dynamics is site-directed spin labeling followed by EPR spectroscopy. It relies on the insertion of a nitroxide derivative on cysteines. Using this approach, it is possible to analyze the mobility of the label in order to obtain information on its local environment. Moreover using advanced EPR techniques, it is possible to acquire interspin distances between two incorporated probes. Mutants bearing one or two cysteines at desirable positions were designed. The dynamics of labeled mutants were studied in vitro using continuous wave EPR. By pulsed EPR, distances were recorded for ACCO in presence of different combinations of cofactors. The experimental distances were compared to the predicted ones obtained from the crystallographic and model structures, and also to the calculated ones obtained by molecular dynamic simulations. A successful introduction of an unnatural amino acid onto the sequence of ACCO was performed, allowing to obtain earliest results. The achievement of preliminary structural data by in cell EPR are also presented
Rendon, Julia. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de la nitrate réductase A par spectroscopie RPE à haute résolution." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4753.
Full textThe aim of my work is to elucidate at the molecular level the structure and the function of enzymes involved in energy conversion processes in living organisms. In particular, it is focused on the understanding of two important steps found in many of these systems, namely (i) their interaction with membrane quinones acting as electron/proton shuttles and (ii) the catalytic mechanism at the molybdenum active site. The nitrate reductase A (NarGHI) from the bacterium Escherichia coli is used as a model for these studies. This membrane-bound complex reduces nitrate into nitrite during anaerobic respiration and plays therefore an important role in the global nitrogen cycle. The goal of my research is mainly devoted to the identification of the molecular factors tuning the reactivity of this system at the two active sites. For this purpose, I mainly relied on the structural characterization of key paramagnetic intermediates e.g. semiquinone radicals or Mo(V) ion using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with rédox potentiometry. High resolution pulse EPR methods, especially Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy, were used to probe their local environment through the detection of hyperfine (and eventually quadrupole interactions) to nearby magnetic nuclei that are otherwise too weak to be measurable in conventional continuous wave EPR spectroscopy
Oppilliart, Sophie. "Etude par échange isotopique du radical tyrosyle en solution et dans la catalase bovine." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361211.
Full textPar ailleurs, il a été montré au laboratoire que l'identification et la quantification des radicaux formés sur les acides aminés d'une protéine par l'attaque de radicaux hydroxyle sont possibles. Cette méthode est basée sur le marquage au tritium des résidus acides aminés. Notre approche est basée sur la génération de radicaux hydroxyle par radiolyse de l'eau. Les radicaux hydroxyle formés arrachent un hydrogène sur la chaîne latérale des acides aminés et génèrent ainsi un radical carboné. Il est ensuite “réparé” in situ par un composé, le sel sodique de l'acide phénylphosphinique tritié, qui permet d'introduire un atome de tritium à la place de l'hydrogène précédemment arraché. Cet atome de tritium sert de marqueur pour détecter les sites de formation des radicaux.
Nous avons donc utilisé les propriétés de réparation du vecteur tritié pour identifier quelle est la tyrosine impliquée dans les transferts d'électrons de la BLC. Même s'il a été montré par RPE que la disparition du radical porté par la tyrosine est effective en présence de l'agent de réparation, les études de marquage n'ont pas abouti à déterminer l'exacte localisation du radical. Une des raisons invoquées est le manque d'efficacité de l'agent de réparation pour transférer son atome d'hydrogène. C'est pourquoi d'autres composés capables eux aussi de fournir un atome d'hydrogène par voie radicalaire ont été synthétisés puis testés sur ce système enzymatique par une étude de spectroscopie RPE.
En parallèle, nous avons voulu comprendre les mécanismes d'action des ces mêmes composés sur un système modèle en générant des radicaux sur la tyrosine en solution par radiolyse de l'eau. La méthode consiste à produire dans une solution aqueuse de tyrosine des radicaux hydroxyle, qui vont former les radicaux tyrosyle. Les radicaux ainsi générés peuvent être ensuite réparés par un atome de deutérium fourni par un donneur. L'incorporation en deutérium et la régiosélectivité de l'attaque sont ensuite analysées par spectrométrie de masse et RMN 2H. L'irradiation de solution de tyrosine en présence des différents composés choisis s'est révélée difficile à analyser, en raison notamment de la difficulté à déterminer la proportion de radicaux hydroxyle réagissant avec l'agent réparateur au lieu de la tyrosine, mais surtout en raison de l'incorporation inattendue de deutérium dans la tyrosine en l'absence de tout agent de transfert. Ce phénomène jusqu'alors inconnu a, dès lors, retenu toute notre attention. Nous avons alors focalisé nos travaux sur la compréhension des processus intervenant dans l'autoréparation de la tyrosine et ainsi proposé un mécanisme pour expliquer nos observations.
Lombaert, Karine. "Composition et évolution des espèces particulaires émises à l'échappement d'un moteur diesel en fonction des paramètres moteur et de la nature du carburant." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066431.
Full textDeletraz, Anaïs. "Développement d'antioxydants de type nitrone comme agents neuroprotecteurs Reactivities of MeO-substituted PBN-type nitrones." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0272.
Full textOxidative stress is associated with many human pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Nitrones are antioxidants able to protect the cells against oxidative stress-induced damage in in vitro and in vivo models. They are also able to react with free radicals to form a persistent nitroxide spin adduct, detectable by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. They have thus been widely used as analytical probes to study the radical processes occurring in biochemical environments. In this thesis work, we focused on the α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), a linear nitrone with good spin-trapping properties as well as protective activity in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work was to study the impact of the nature, the position and the number of substituents on both sides of the nitronyl function (phenyl ring and N-tert-butyl part) on the properties of the nitrone and to improve its activity. Different series of PBN-type nitrones were thus synthesized and their spin-trapping ability towards hydroxymethyl radical (CH2OH), as well as their electrochemical and neuroprotective properties were evaluated. It emerges from this study that the introduction of an electron-withdrawing group in the para position of the phenyl ring or in the N-tert-butyl part improves the trapping capacities of the nucleophilic radical •CH2OH. In contrast, the functionalization of PBN with an electron-donating substituent tends to decrease its spin-trapping ability. When substituents are introduced both in the para position of the phenyl ring and in the N-tert-butyl function, the effects go in the same direction without completely adding up. In contrast, the influence of substituents on the neuroprotection of nitrones could not be identified. Finally, nitrones with promising trapping and/or neuroprotective activities were identified
Hervé, Marie-Laure. "Dosimétrie d'accident en champ mixte (neutrons, photons) utilisant la spectrométrie par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE)." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T019.
Full textLegein, Christophe. "Etude par RPE de l'ordre local dans les verres fluorés des éléments de transition." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA1007.
Full textEl-Hassan, Inas. "Synthèse de N-aryl-C, C-dialkoxycarbonylnitrones et étude par RPE de leur conversion en nitroxydes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11033.
Full textCamensuli, Philippe. "Simulation numérique de spectres RPE résultant des interactions entre deux centres paramagnétiques : application à l'étude structurale des métalloprotéines." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11039.
Full textMartinho, Marlène. "Complexes de fer mononucléaires non hémiques : modèles de catalyseurs d'oxydation biologiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112151.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis and characterization of model complexes of mono- and dioxygenases. The complexes used are Fe(II) complexes with aminopyridin ligands. The reactivity of these complexes upon addition of oxidants (H2O2, mCPBA) has been studied in order to observe reactional intermediates. Chapter I reviews the natural systems and model compounds known in literature. A new Fe(IV)=O complex has been obtained (chapter II). It has been characterized by UV-Vis absorption, FT-IR in solution and by SQUID and mossbauer spectroscopy on the powder sample. The exchange of the oxygen atom with water has been highlighted by ESI-MS and FT-IR measurements. A complementary of the well complex [(L52)Fe(III)(OOH)]2+ has been done (chapter III). The EPR spectra in solution display the signals of two low spin Fe(III) species. The g values of these species are very close. We propose that the solution contains two Fe(III)-OOH species with different orientation of the hydroperoxo group. The intermediate has also been obtained as a powder. The characterization of this powder is still under study in the laboratory. New Fe(II) complexes hav been synthesized with a new ligand which bears a pivaloylamine arm (chapter IV). This function offers a rich coordination chemistry. The reactivity of these complexes with H2O2 has been studied (chapter V). A new Fe(III)-OOH complex has been obtained and characterized by UV-vis absorption, EPR and resonance raman spectroscopy. This study shows that the ligand is coordinated to the iron centre by 4 nitrogen atoms and the oxygen atom from the pivaloylamio arm. A spontaneous equilibrium between the Fe(III)-OOH and the Fe(III)-(eta2-OO) species has also been observed. Finally, the reaction of the Fe(II) complex with dioxygen, in presence of reductants and protons in acetonitrile, leads to the Fe(III)-OOH complex. This intermediate evolves into a green Fe(III) species, which appears to be Fe(III) peroxo species based on resonance raman spectroscopy
Niang, Awa. "RPE et relaxation de composites moléculaires bidimensionnels." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30153.
Full textTrompier, François. "Développement de méthodes de dosimétrie des rayonnements ionisants pour le tri de population : application de la spectroscopie par résonance paramagnétique électronique à la mesure sur les ongles." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066128.
Full textGosset, Gaëlle. "Nouvelles sondes phosphorées adaptées à la mesure du pH et du stress oxydant par RMN du 31-P et par RPE en milieu cellulaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11039.pdf.
Full textA series of molecular probes, either diamagnetic (aminophosphonates, b-phosphorylated cyclic nitrones), or paramagnetic (b-phosphorylated nitroxides) has been synthesized for the spectroscopic measurement of either pH (by 31-P NMR or ESR) or free radical formation (Spin Trapping) in biological milieu and their efficacy has been evaluated in vitro and, for the better ones, in ex vivo models. The best probes for determining acidic pH values (1
Dutoit, Charles-Emmanuel. "Etude par résonance paramagnétique électronique des composés organiques (TMTTF)₂X (X=AsF₆,PF₆ et SbF₆)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4334.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) of the quasi-one-dimensional charge transfer salts (TMTTF)₂X (X=AsF₆, PF₆, SbF₆), model materials of quantum spin chains. First, we have examined in continuous wave and on a wide range of temperature and frequency, the charge-ordered phase already observed in these materials below the temperature TCO. We have identified two new phenomena at T≺TCO: the rotation of the principal axes of the g factor and a structural change related to a doubling of the unit cell parameter. A quantum chemical calculation was carried out using DFT confirming our experimental results. In the second part of the thesis, we have presented the results obtained by EPR in continuous wave and pulsed wave on the correlated defects study in spin chain systems. In continuous wave, we have detected for the first time a narrow EPR line at low temperature, suggesting the presence of correlated defects having the characteristics of solitons. The pulsed EPR measurements allowed us to observe the first Rabi oscillations of trapped solitons and to determine their robust character. These latter results offer an alternative approach for spin qubits in quantum information processing
Marque, Sylvain. "Production et études par RPE de radicaux phosphoranyle persilyles : applications en polarisation dynamique nucléaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30103.
Full textTkatchenko, Nicolas. "Développement de la spectroscopie de résonance paramagnétique électronique pour la dosimétrie d'accident radiologique sur les ongles des victimes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS231.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to assist in the management of emergency situations following accidental exposition to ionizing radiations. The earlier absorbed doses are quantified following exposure, the more efficient the medical team will be able to handle and treat the victims. In most of radiological accidents, irradiation is localized and especially to the hands. Up to now, no techniques exist to estimate these doses with sufficient accuracy. IRSN is implementing a dosimetry technique based on the quantification of radiation induced free radicals using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in fragments human nails. However, the analysis of irradiated nails by EPR spectroscopy remains extremely complicated. A first step was to characterize the nature of radicals at the origin of the endogenous and radio-induced signals and to study their physicochemical properties. We also study the variability of these signals, and we identified a stable UV-induced signal that definitely contributes to the endogenous signal. Two approaches to measure low doses have been proposed: one is based on the behavior of radiation-induced signals with the microwave radiation power; the other is based on the selective regrowth of the radio-induced signal after its total elimination by means of chemical treatment. We have also raised the issue of spectral analyses that is operator-dependent. To avoid manual adjustments, we proposed a uniform EPR data processing approach. Traditional EPR procedures have been vastly improved through simple, repeatable and automatic functional processing of EPR spectra
Erramli, Abdellah. "Etude du chrome et du nickel dans GAP par spectroscopie d'absorption détectée thermiquement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21221.
Full textTEBBAL, NACEUR-EDDINE. "Etude du vanadium dans gaas et gap et du titane dans gaas par spectroscopie d'absorption detectee thermiquement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF21336.
Full textBanaszak, Karol. "Synthèse et application à la technique du spin trapping de nouvelles nitrones : études par RPE [Résonance paramagnétique électronique] des interactions nitroxyde/cucurbituril." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11022.pdf.
Full textOur first objective of this work was to synthesize a new molecule trap, ECMIQO. The EPR study of this molecule has shown limited performance for the detection of oxygen-centered radicals, particularly superoxide anion radical (O2-•) responsible of several pathologies linked to oxidative stress. The study of influence of the guest molecules was performed. The ECMIQO form inclusion complexes with DM-β-CD with a binding constant of 150 M-1, and with the γ-CD - 22 M-1. The experiments of the spin trapping in the presence of different cyclodextrins (CDs) gave better results with the γ-CD with an improved half-life of the superoxide adduct (factor 3). The second series of molecules are the nitrones derived 5-(diéthoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO) with a guanidinium group linked: Agm-DIPPMPOc and Gnd-DIPPMPO. The superoxide adduct of these two molecules obtained by addition of KO2 in the presence of crown ether has the coupling constant similar to those obtained with the Mito-DEPMPO. It seems to show an effect of the removal of the charge on the stability of adduct. Finally, we studied the complexation of the stable nitroxides (TEMPO, 4-oxo-TEMPO, 4-MeO-TEMPO. . . ) by cucurbituril (CB[7] and CB[8]). It was possible to observe the formation of aggregates by cucurbituril in water. EPR spectroscopy provides unique information on the orientation of the guest molecule inside the cavity. It shows also the interactions possible with cations complexed by cucurbituril. The encapsulation of nitroxides by CB [n] could limit the problem of bioreduction, thus extending their use in vivo applications
Latef, Ahmed. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs Mo/SiO2 et Pt-Mo/SiO2 par R. P. E. Et S. P. X." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10014.
Full textStenger, Jean-François. "Étude par résonance paramagnétique électronique des ions fe#3#+, cr#3#+ et des défauts dans les cristaux de ktiopo#4 et isotypes." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10373.
Full textHugonnard-Bruyère, Elsa. "Etude du comportement électrique des films minces de carbure de silicium reportés par le procédé IMPROVE sur isolant (SiCOI)." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0105.
Full textThis thesis describes the electrical behaviour of silicon carbide thin films transferred on insulator by the IMPROVE (Implanted PROton Void Engineering) process. First, we present the SiC and the SiCOI structure properties. SiC is a promising semiconductor material in electronic devices for high power, high frequency and high temperature applications that are not suitable for Si and GaAs. Now, the high cost of SiC substrates (from 3 000 to 6 000 $$ depending on its nature) and their small dimension (2 inches) slow down the technology of this material. Consequently, the IMPROVE process applied to SiC is of prime importance because it is a solution to form low cost and high dimension pseudo substrates of silicon carbide. However, after transfer, SiC films are highly resistive preventing the fabrication of electronic devices directly on the transferred SiC film. In the second chapter, we describe the technique of characterisation we have used and we give a state of the art of the observed defects in the literature. In the third part, we show that the electrical compensation is due to the generation of defects during the hydrogen implantation required to induce thin film exfoliation. We analyse the nature of these defects by photoluminescence, capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy (DL TS) and electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and follow their evolution with the post-implantation annealing temperature. Then, in the last chapter, we determine the compensation introduced by a known process by Hall effects and RPE measurements. We quantify the influence of several parameters on the electrical activity of the films. With the improvement of the process, the compensating defect level has been reduced to a few 10 exp16cm-3. So the film can be used. Directly in electronic devices. This compensation is produced by the presence of a very stable defect lying at Ec- 0. 65eV
Lilly, Thankamony Aany Sofia. "Synergie RMN ET RPE : développement de la DNP-RMN pour la caractérisation des matériaux inorganiques et hybrides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10002/document.
Full textMy PhD work focused on two topics: (i) the extension of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) to inorganic and hybrid materials and (ii) the development of advanced NMR methods to probe the atomic-level structure of solids. In the field of DNP NMR, we aim at demonstrating how the DNP sensitivity enhancement can provide new insights into the structure of inorganic and hybrid materials. We have introduced a solvent-free DNP alternative to post-synthesis impregnation which permits fast polarization build-up. We have also shown that DNP is feasible for nanoparticles dispersed in a frozen solution containing exogenous radicals. The complementarity of DNP cross-polarization (CP) and direct polarization (DP) has been demonstrated. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the DNP sensitivity enhancement allows probing 27Al-27Al proximities near the surface of mesoporous alumina and 27Al-13C proximities in the microporous metal organic framework MIL-100(Al). It was also shown that in the case of functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with surfactants, the DNP CP-MAS can be used to enhance NMR signals of 13C and 29Si nuclei located at several hundred nanometers from the polarizing agent. In addition, we have analyzed the different contributions to the sensitivity enhancement in 13C and 29Si CP-MAS experiments of functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. My PhD has also led to the development of conventional NMR methods, including (i) tunable homonuclear dipolar decoupling for 1H high-resolution NMR and (ii) novel cross polarization (CP) pulse sequence to probe proximities between half-integer quadrupolar isotopes
Voinchet, Pierre. "Datation par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE) de quartz blanchis extraits de sédiments fluviatiles pléistocènes : contribution méthodologique et application aux systèmes de la Creuse, du Loir et de l'Yonne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0015.
Full textFluvial terraces were often used as sites for human settlements throughout the Quaternary period, and Early and Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites have been discovered in fluvial contexts. Fluvial deposits are some typical traits of climatic changes since the end of the Pliocene. The dating of fluvial deposits therefore represents a great interest both for geologists and archaeologists. The development of the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) method applied to bleached sedimentary quartz offers the opportunity to directly date such geological formations. This work studies the fluvial terrace systems of the Creuse and Loir valleys and allowed the elaboration of a chronostratigraphical frame. The ESR dating of the alluvial sheets illustrates the importance of the quaternary tectonics in the geomorphology of alluvial deposits and suggests a new strategy for the sampling. In some cases, archaeological or palaeontological sites are interbedded in fluvial sediments and can provide suitable materials for other geochronological methods. One example of such association can be found in the area of Soucy "les Grandes-Pièces", where several Lower Palaeolithic sites have been discovered in the same Middle Pleistocene fluvial terrace of the Yonne river. The geochronological studies of the Soucy's area therefore allows the comparison of ESR results derived from the dating of quartz with the results obtained by ESR/U-series combined methods on tooth enamel and hence to validate the ESR chronology established on quartz. The ESR results obtained on sediments, together with those obtained on tooth enamel, attribute the formation of the Soucy fluvial terrace and the human occupations to around 350ka. The obtained ESR results are also in coherent with geological and paleoenvironmental data which reinforce the reliability of the proposed method on quartz and the ESR ages obtained for the other fluvial systems studied in this work
Gratens, Xavier. "Etude des SCSM IV-VI à base de terres rares par modélisation des mesures d'aimantation à 20 mK et de RPE : matériaux massifs et hétérostructures élaborées par EJM." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20100.
Full textRuck, Régine. "Étude par résonance paramagnétique électronique du couplage des éléments en trace dans les cassitérites naturelles et des cristaux synthétiques de SnO : :(2) dope." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10245.
Full textFlogeac, Karine. "Etude de la capacité de rétention de produits phytosanitaires par deux solides modèles des sols : influence de la présence des cations métalliques : thèse pour le doctorat en sciences spécialité Chimie." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000041.pdf.
Full textMany studies showed that the contamination of surface and underground waters resulted, partly, of a massive use of the pesticides. In order to limit and to cure this contamination, it seems essential to understand the processes which control the transfer of these products towards the aquifers. Isoproturon, dimetomorph and amitrole are three pesticides widely used in agriculture and vine growing, especially in the Champagne-Ardenne region. These pesticides are often found with significant concentrations in water and represent a risk for the environment. The composition of the soils (mineral, organic matter, and metal cations) plays an essential role in the retention and the mobility of the pesticides. This is why it is interesting to study the retention of the pesticides by the soils or their components, as well as the influence of the metal cations. This study was carried out on two solid samples: a lignocellulosic substrate (LS) which was chosen as "model" compound of soil organic matter, and a soil sample, obtained after various treatments and mainly composed of inorganic matter. The metallic cations studied are the Mn(II), the Fe(III) and the Cu(II), ubiquitous metals in soils, and the Cr(III), a metal of anthropic origin
Sartégou, Amandine. "Évolution morphogénique des Pyrénées orientales : apports des datations de systèmes karstiques étagés par les nucléides cosmogéniques et la RPE." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0044/document.
Full textThe rates and chronologies of valley incision are closely modulated by the tectonic uplift of active mountain ranges and were controlled by repeated climate changes during the Quaternary. The continental collision between the Iberian and Eurasian plates induced a double vergence orogen, the Pyrenees, which has been considered as a mature mountain range in spite of significant seismicity and evidence of neotectonics. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that the range may have never reached a steady state. One option for resolving this controversy is to quantify the incision rates since the Miocene by reconstructing the vertical movement of geometric markers such as fluvial terraces. However, the few available ages from the Pyrenean terrace systems do not exceed the middle Pleistocene. Thus, to enlarge the time span of this dataset, we studied alluvium-filled horizontal epiphreatic passages in limestone karstic networks. Such landforms are used as substitutes of fluvial terraces because they represent former valley floors. They record the transient position of former local base levels during the process of valley deepening. In addition to morphological observations, the burial durations of detrital sediments in 61 cavities of the Têt, Ariège, Aude and Agly valleys were determined using cosmogenic 26Al/10Be and 10Be/21Ne ratios. The results obtained allow us to document incision processes since the early Miocene (~ 16-13 Ma) and to study influences of external forcing and eustatism. In comparison with other studies, it appears that incision rates are probably higher in the central Pyrenees, suggesting an increased role for glaciers in the incision process. Moreover, a gradient would also be observable from north to south, the Spanish slope probably having been incised faster. However, the density of sub-horizontal levels on an elevation range, the geodynamical and paleo-climatic contexts, the reorganization of the drainage networks may lead to networks filling stories more complex than expected. The obtained results applying various suitable geochronological methods (26Al/10Be, 10Be/21Ne, ESR and OSL on quartz) sometimes evidence that these radiometric approaches may be limited when source and/or emplaced deposits are reworked. The validity of dosimetric methods in a mountainous context, and the possibility that not all of the quartz grains are bleached at the time of deposition will also be discussed
Mehidi, Nadir. "Datation de sites moustériens de Ligurie par les méthodes U/Th et RPE : Abri Mochi et Arma delle Manie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0039.
Full textThe Mochi shelter and the cave d’Arma delle Manie is two sites of Italian Ligurie. They were dated in this work by using two methods of dating: l’U/Th and the ESR. We used three supports of dating : Bones, teeth and deposit carbonates. For Mochi shelter , the layer mousterian is deposited during the isotopic stage 3 in the neighbourhoods of 48,8 ka, then we have the deposit of the layer H and G in the neighbourhood from 42,5 to 41,5 ka, then that of the layer F and E starting from the isotopic stage 2. For the cave d’Arma delle Manie, we propose the following chronology: Beginning of the filling of the cave at the end of the isotopic stage Deposit of layer VII during the isotopic stage 4 between 60 and 46 ka Deposit of layer VII and V in the medium of the isotopic stage Deposit of layer IV with the surroundings of 40 ka Deposit of layer III starting from 36 ka with 37 ka for finish towards 32 ka Deposit of layer II at the end of the isotopic stage 3,1 with approximately of 30ka. We have also to try to replace our sites dated in higher the Moustérien/Upper Paléolithic transition. In Mochi shelter , the transition was made in the neighbourhoods from 42,1 to 40 ka in the medium of the isotopic stage 3 could be done, for the cave d’Arma delle Manie, this transition had probably produced more tardily towards the isotopic stage 3,1 to roughly 30 to 32 ka
Lafage, Christian. "Technique d'échantillonnage par faisceau moléculaire couplée à un réacteur à écoulement rapide et à un spectromètre de masse : réalisation et application à l'étude cinétique de la réaction H + IC4H10->produits." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10043.
Full textLaulan-Boudy, Caroline. "Contribution à la modélisation des propriétés photoréfractives des phases Bi₁₂MO₂₀ (M = Ge, Ti) : cristallogénèse, dopage et étude des niveaux profonds par spectroscopie optique." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10598.
Full textSimon, Clémence. "Élucidation des processus de lignification par la stratégie du rapporteur chimique alliée à la microscopie confocale en fluorescence et à la résonance paramagnétique électronique." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1S106.
Full textLignin is a phenolic polymer of plant cell wall which forms with cellulose the lignocellulosic biomass, involved in a variety of industrial applications (biofuel, paper making, etc.). A better understanding of its formation within plant cell walls is needed to improve the valorization of this biomass. Lignin is mainly composed of three monomers called monolignols (H, G and S) that are assembled by a radicalar polymerization process initiated by laccases and/or peroxydases during lignification. The recent emergence of the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy appears as a powerful tool to study lignification processes. In this strategy, an analogue of the biomolecule of interest modified with a biocompatible chemical tag is metabolically incorporated into the target biomacromolecule. It is then detected by fluorophore tagging initiated by a bioorthogonal chemistry reaction. The current work presents the development of chemical tools based on the chemical reporter strategy for the study of lignification process. A novel triple labeling strategy has been developed to study lignification dynamics in plant cell wall by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Analogs bearing methylcyclopropenyl-, azido-, and alkynyl tags were synthesized for each monolignol (S, H and G respectively) and incorporated into the de novo lignin. These analogs were then selectively linked to a fluorophore by a specific bioorthogonal ligation reaction during a sequential triple labeling (DAinv, SPAAC, and CuAAC respectively). Fluorescence confocal microscopy allowed visualization of their differential incorporation into lignin. It gave informations about lignification dynamics in different plant systems (stem and root cross sections, whole stems, etc.) and to various plant species (flax, Arabidopsis thaliana, poplar, etc.). In addition, this triple labeling could be done with two types of biomolecules to simultaneously monitor the biosynthesis of lignin and non-cellulosic polysaccharides. A second innovative research axis was initiated to validate the metabolic incorporation of a monolignol analog in plant tissues with its detection using a radical probe by electronic paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This new methodology could ultimately provide informations about the structure, concentration and environment of the incorporated probe specifically by detection of de novo lignin
Buy-Arnould, Clotilde. "Etude par résonance paramagnétique électronique en modes continu et pulsé des sites métalliques des ATPAses CF1 de chloroplastes d'épinard, Spinacia Oleracea, et TF1 de la bactérie thermophile Bacillus PS3." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0497.
Full textSaverot-Dauvergne, Agnès. "Modifications des lipoprotèines de haute densité (HDL) d'origine humaine et de leurs sous-classes (HDL2, HDL3) par des liposomes de phosphatidylcholines et de sphingomyélines : analyse biochimique et étude structurale par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE)." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P619.
Full textKerbiriou, Xavier. "Propriétés des défauts ponctuels natifs et induits par irradiation dans les polytypes 3C et 6H du carbure de silicium déterminées par annihilation de positons et RPE." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110421.
Full textColin, Julie. "Mise en évidence, par spectroscopies de résonance paramagnétique électronique et d'absorption électronique UV-visible, de la formation de radicaux tryptophanyles et tyrosyles par transfert d'électron intramoléculaire vers l'hème dans les catalases monofonctionnelles et peroxydases bifonctionnelles." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326339.
Full textMicoud, Pierre. "Etude par RPE de l'influence du talc sur le vieillissement UV du polypropylène industriel." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30267.
Full textThe influence of talc on the industrial polypropylene UV ageing has been studied by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), at different irradiation and observation temperatures. The bibliographic synthesis on the structures-properties correlations in these materials and on the studies of the polypropylene photo-oxidation by ESR gives an insight on the different organization levels and on the nature of main oxidation radicals. The experimental work is focused on the composites oxidation behaviour evolution with irradiation time and post irradiation duration. Results obtained are showing that the nature of the talc and the reinforcement ratio have an influence on the oxidation of the PP-talc composites, notably on the radicals proportion trapped inside composites. Modifications of oxidation and recombination reactions obtained by the devolatilisation of compounds have been interpreted by an oxygen diffusion restriction probably due to a bigger macromolecules compaction. Moreover, the evolutions with time of radicals after the irradiation stop have shown that the atmospheric oxygen plays a key role on the composite oxidation during the darkness periods. Finally, the study of ESR spectra at different temperatures has been used to modify the kinetic of oxidation-recombination reactions and demonstrate that oxidation ratio became equivalent around the polypropylene glass transition temperature
Lombard, Pierre. "Étude de l'environnement et des propriétés optiques des ions Ti3+ formés sous irradiation ionisante dans les verres d'oxyde." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488033.
Full textMarquis, Séverine. "Stabilisation d'état de charges séparées par adsorption de polyaromatiques dans des zéolithes ZSM-5." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10062.
Full textSkrzypczak-Bonduelle, Audrey. "Les premières traces de vie sur Terre : une approche spectroscopique et mimétique du problème." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001717.
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