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Academic literature on the topic 'Spectroscopie par transformée de Fourier – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spectroscopie par transformée de Fourier – Modèles mathématiques"
Mandar, Julie. "Développement du modèle de performances de SITELLE, spectromètre imageur à transformée de Fourier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28679/28679.pdf.
Full textSITELLE is a new imaging Fourier transform spectrometer to be installed at the Canada-France- Hawaii Telescope. The development of its dedicated performance model drives the design of the instrument and the flow down of the science cases requirements into system requirements. First, the selected configuration with off-axis flat mirrors makes the achievement of a high efficiency in the near ultra violet easier. Secondly, servomechanism’s desirable performances were defined in order to design a photon noise limited instrument, based on a relevant scene. These performances should be maintained during a 4 hours data-cube acquisition, under operational vibrations and external effects such as wind gust hitting the telescope. Ultimately, this instrument performance model is the core of the signal to noise ratio simulator that will help observers to evaluate the potential benefits of SITELLE for their target.
Kretschmer, Erik. "Modelling of the instrument spectral response of conventionnal and imaging fourier transform spectrometers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30230/30230.pdf.
Full textSpectroscopy and the measurement of light spectrum have become essential tools in a large number of fields, from analytic laboratories to remote sensing field measurements. In these applications, the use of Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) is widespread and, more recently, imaging Fourier transform spectrometers (iFTS) are becoming ever more popular. The iFTS instruments enable spatially resolved highresolution spectral analysis within a single measurement, thus allowing the study of fine spectral variations in observed scenes. Such measurements inherently include systematic errors which can be in large part described by the instrument spectral response function, often referred to as SRF. In the case of iFTS, each pixel of the instrument will sport a different spectral response, which opens a whole new dimension not only in the measurement itself, but also for error analysis and instrument design. Because of their unique imaging capacity, iFTS instruments are a prime choice for remote sensing applications from airborne or spaceborne platforms for the measurement of the Earth atmosphere, as well as the atmosphere of other celestial bodies. The requirements on the spectral accuracy demanded by such missions are very high. To achieve these requirements, an excellent knowledge of the instrument spectral response is essential. Modelling of the spectral response of iFTS instruments is a possible approach to achieve the desired knowledge of instrument performances. This thesis offers a review of the factors affecting the spectral performances of FTS instruments from which a numerical model of the spectral response specifically designed with imaging instrument in mind is proposed. This model integrates optical effects which were up to now only studied separately – if at all – and not integrated in a global performance model of the instrument. The necessity to consider these effects, such as those caused by the optical transfer function of the detector imaging optic or the architecture of the imaging focal plane array (FPA), is demonstrated. Using dedicated measurement of the airborne iFTS GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance of the Atmosphere), the application of the model for performance analysis and review is demonstrated.
Pietri, Nathalie. "Photochimie en matrices de gaz rares : caractérisation et réactivité du complexe C3O2:HCl et de ses précurseurs. Etude par spectroscopie IR-TF et modélisation théorique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11054.
Full textDelicat, Yathis Giovanni. "Etude de la réactivité de l’iode transporté dans un mélange H2/H2O en conditions de combustion dans des flammes basse pression pré-mélangées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10049.
Full textTo assess kinetics aspects of iodine chemistry in an environment of a severe accident in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), at the laboratory scale, an experimental reactor named “flat flame burner” has been implemented. Low pressure flames of H2/O2/Ar premixed gas seeded with known amounts of iodhydric acid and steam were studied. The quantification of chemical species (HI, H2O, OH) in such environment was obtained by specific analytical techniques (Fourier Transform InfraRed absorption spectrometry, FTIR and Laser Induced Fluorescence, LIF), the evolution of the temperature was determined by LIF and by thermocouple measurements. Further assays were performed in a flow reactor in which gaseous molecular iodine was injected and transported in a stream or hydrogen flow and a strong temperature gradient, representative of the primary circuit in the case of a severe accident. The resulting gaseous species (I2 and HI) were quantified by ICP-MS and UV-Visible spectrometry. This experimental database has been used as a support to develop a detailed kinetic mechanism for the {I, O, H} system. It is composed of 37 reversible reactions involving 5 iodinated species. The thermokinetic parameter database has been actualized by using theoretical chemistry tools and also completed with data found in the literature. Modelling was performed by using the PREMIX code for flame assays, and with the in IRSN’s severe accident simulation code ASTEC/SOPHAREOS code for flow reactor assays. The comparison between experiment and modelling shows that this detailed mechanism is able to reproduce the iodine chemistry in conditions representative of a PWR severe accident
Boufflers, Damien. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la formation des suies et de leurs précurseurs en flamme de prémélange à différentes richesses : cas du n-butane." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10138/document.
Full textChemical structure of a laminar premixed sooting n-butane flame (nC4H10/O2/N2) operating at two equivalence ratio (Φ=2,16 and 2,32) has been investigated at atmospheric pressure. Acquisition of mole fraction profiles of stable species is accomplished by gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The temperature profiles are obtained by Laser induced Fluorescence of nitric oxide. In this work, the developed mechanism contains 279 species involved in 1422 reversible reactions. The comparison between modelled and experimental profiles was used to validate the model and a good agreement was observed. The effect of equivalence ratio is well captured by the mechanism. The kinetic model was also tested on a wide range of operating conditions found in the literature (global and detailed data) and has been compared to other mechanism from the literature. Formations and consumptions kinetic schemes were established to highlight the reaction path of the first aromatic ring. Soot volume fractions are measured by Laser Induced Incandescence for the both equivalence ratio
Guenet-Attia, Frédérique. "Obtention rapide de modèles thermo-cinétiques de réactions en chimie fine par le couplage de la calorimétrie réactionnelle et du suivi analytique par spectroscopie infra-rouge." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT013G.
Full textFaucher, Florian. "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge in situ et operando des relations entre les propriétés des sites d'adsorption de solides hybrides organiques-inorganiques (MOFs) et leurs propriétés catalytiques pour des réactions modèles." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2039.
Full textThis work reports the characterization by infrared spectroscopy of an iso-structural family of MOF (Metal Organic Framework) named MIL-100 (X) (MIL : Matériau de l’Institut Lavoisier) with X = Al3+, Fe3+, and Cr3+. We demonstrated the decisive influence of the synthesis conditions on the reductibility of the Fe3+ sites and on the final acid and catalytic properties of the material. In particular, the F-free MIL-100(Fe) material exhibits not only Lewis acid sites, but also a high amount of additional catalytic active species acting as Brønsted acid sites. The third part, devoted to the study of MIL-100(Cr), shows the existence of a high amount of acid-base pairs having a strong basic character in accordance with a high selectivity for allylic alcohols. The last part demonstrates the high activity of the MIL-100(Al) material, due to the high Lewis acidity of the Al3+CUS sites. This work demonstrates the important influence of impurities in the acid and catalytic properties of these materials, which show that only MOFs with a high purity can be considered as model compounds. This work also opens the possibility to obtain MOFs with an additional high Brønsted acidity without altering the framework
Ben, Bouallegue Fayçal. "Contributions en reconstruction TEP 3D par inversion directe." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20078.
Full textWe present two innovative contributions in 3D positron emission tomography (PET) direct reconstruction. First, we develop an extended three-dimensional exact rebinning formula in the Fourier space that leads to an iterative reprojection algorithm (iterative FOREPROJ), which enables the estimation of unmeasured oblique projection data on the basis of the whole set of measured data. In first approximation, this analytical formula also leads to an extended Fourier rebinning equation that is the basis for an approximate reprojection algorithm (extended FORE). These algorithms are evaluated on numerically simulated 3D PET data for the solution of the truncation problem. By taking advantage of all the 3D data statistics, the iterative FOREPROJ reprojection provides a quick and reliable alternative to the classical FOREPROJ and geometric re-projection methods. It significantly improves the quality of the external reconstructed slices without loss of spatial resolution. Then we investigate how the choice of fixed planes for the representation of the projection data of a cylindrical PET scanner simplifies the frequency interpolation required by the 3D Fourier slice theorem (3D-FST). A new gridding algorithm based on a two-plane geometry and requiring only 1D interpolations in the Fourier domain is compared with the direct implementation of the 3D-FST. We show that the use of two orthogonal planes leads to signal to noise ratios similar to those achieved with the 3D-FST algorithm from projection data acquired with up to two times more count rates, while the resolution remains similar
Rousseau, Valérie. "Modélisation de la propagation des ondes sismiques par la méthode des moments spectraux." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20010.
Full textBlanchet, Lionel. "Méthodes de résolution dédiées à l'étude spectroscopique de processus photoinduits : adaptation aux spécificités des spectres résolus en temps." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10099/document.
Full textPertinent analysis of the information embedded in modern instrumental measurements requires the development of efficient mathematical and statistical tools. ln spectroscopy, various tools have been proposed in such purpose. The aim of this thesis is to participate to these developments in order to characterize the spectra and concentration profiles of the compounds involved in photoinduced reactions monitored by time-resolved spectroscopy. A first part of this work is related to the rank analysis of difference data. A systematic rank deficiency has been demonstrated in this case. An approach based on a hybrid algorithm is proposed as a solution to this problem. lndeed the introduction of a kinetic model compensates this rank deficiency. A second part of the work deals with the characterisation of the noise influence (firstly on measurement and then on multivariate resolution). An analysis of the correlations structure of the noise permit to explain the overfitting phenomenon observed with soft modelling methods. A second algorithm solves this problem through a weighting scheme involving an estimation of the measurement error.These points are illustrated by two applications: first, a contribution to the analysis of the reaction centre of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by FTIR spectroscopy; then the study of the benzophenone photorelaxation by transient absorption spectroscopy