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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Speech and Hearing Science'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 December 2023

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1

Johnson, Earl E. "Listening with Normal Hearing, Hearing Impairment, and Hearing Aids: An Audiologic Perspective." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1712.

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2

Johnson, Earl E. "Fitting a Hearing Aid to Conductive Hearing Loss and Realistic Expectations When Fitting a Hearing Aid to Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1740.

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3

Johnson, Earl E. "The Efficient Frontier of Normal Hearing Versus the Restoration of Sensorineural Hearing Impairment via Advanced Hearing Aids." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1744.

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4

Murnane, Owen D. "Sensory Impairments: Hearing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1949.

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5

Johnson, Earl E. "The Clear Clinical Relevance of Prescriptions for Hearing Aids and Various Hearing Losses." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1734.

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6

Williams, A. Lynn, Brenda Louw, Ken Bleile, Marcia Keske-Soares, Inge Trindade, and Nancy J. Scherer. "US-Brazil cross-linguistic Consortium in Speech and Hearing Sciences." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2066.

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7

Johnson, Earl E. "The Efficient Frontier of Normal Hearing Versus the Restoration of Impaired Hearing by Amplification." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1737.

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8

Johnson, Earl E. "Better Hearing in Its Many Forms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1720.

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The course will present on better hearing with regards to both amplification products (i.e., hearing aids and personal sound amplification products) as well as differences among the levels of service provision commonly found in various forms of hearing healthcare delivery. The multifaceted roles of the audiologist in treating the whole person as well as the effects of hearing loss in terms of both a loss of audibility and suprathreshold cochlear distortion are discussed. Ways to ensure better forms of hearing healthcare delivery remain prevalent both now and in the future are also discussed.

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9

Murnane, Owen D., J. K. Kelly, and B. Prieve. "Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Normal Hearing and Hearing Impaired Subjects." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2001. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1919.

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10

Murnane, Owen D. "Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Normal Hearing and Hearing Impaired Ears." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1950.

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11

Bell, D., Earl E. Johnson, J. Robinson, et al. "Hearing Aid Evaluation Clinic Systems Redesign." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1729.

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12

Bell, D., Earl E. Johnson, J. Robinson, et al. "Hearing Aid Evaluation Clinic Systems Redesign." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1753.

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13

Johnson, Earl E. "Better Hearing Leads to Learning and Knowledge." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1724.

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14

Fagelson, Marc A. "The Effect of Aging on Hearing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1686.

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15

Johnson, Earl E. "Considerations for Programming Hearing Aids for Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1745.

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16

Johnson, Earl E. "Better Hearing Devices and Many Forms of Delivery." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1723.

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17

Johnson, Earl E. "Evidences Surrounding Hearing Aid Selection, Fitting, and Evaluation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1749.

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This sessions covers a wide range of topics related to the selection and fitting of hearing aids. Areas addressed extend also to the technical operation of hearing aid amplification parameters and components. In general, the session proceeds through five steps pertaining to the hearing aid fitting process covering identification of the candidate, measurements prior to selection, selection, verification and validation. The session addresses a number of specific points within each of the steps regarding specific patient assessments, patient characteristics, hearing aid amplification parameters, hearing aid measurements and outcome measurements. The depth of coverage will offer a session of novel information, but the breadth of coverage will allow for the discussion of many topic areas of interest to audiologists fitting hearing aids in a variety of clinical settings.

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18

Keller, E., Earl E. Johnson, and C. Noe. "A Comparison of Hearing Aid Drying Device Technologies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1751.

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19

Williams, A. Lynn, S. M. Camarata, Nancy J. Scherer, and B. Bain. "The Science and Practice of Phonological Intervention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2109.

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20

Johnson, Earl E. "A Comparison of Generic Hearing Aid Prescriptive Methods from Pediatric Hearing Aid Fittings: Estimates of Loudness and Speech Intelligibility." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2248.

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21

Johnson, Earl E., and Dan Bell. "The Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Listeners with Hearing Impairment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1714.

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22

Ricketts, Todd, Earl E. Johnson, and Jeremy Federman. "Individual Differences Within and Across Feedback Suppression Hearing Aids." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1694.

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BACKGROUND: New and improved methods of feedback suppression are routinely introduced in hearing aids; however, comparisons of additional gain before feedback (AGBF) values across instruments are complicated by potential variability across subjects and measurement methods. PURPOSE: To examine the variability in AGBF values across individual listeners and an acoustic manikin. RESEARCH DESIGN: A descriptive study of the reliability and variability of the AGBF measured within six commercially available feedback suppression (FS) algorithms using probe microphone techniques. STUDY SAMPLE: Sixteen participants and an acoustic manikin. RESULTS: The range of AGBF across the six FS algorithms was 0 to 15 dB, consistent with other recent studies. However, measures made in the participants ears and on the acoustic manikin within the same instrument suggest that across instrument comparisons of AGBF measured using acoustic manikin techniques may be misleading, especially when differences between hearing aids are small (i.e., less than 6 dB). Individual subject results also revealed considerable variability within the same FS algorithms. The range of AGBF values was as small as 7 dB and as large as 16 dB depending on the specific FS algorithm, suggesting that some models are much more robust than others. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest caution when selecting FS algorithms clinically since different models can demonstrate similar AGBF when averaging across ears, but result in quite different AGBF values in a single individual ear.

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23

Ritchie, Pamela S. "Intelligibility of spondees via bone conduction at elevated presentation levels." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4150.

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Speech reception threshold testing by bone conduction is very useful in diagnostic audiometry. However, there are little data regarding the CID W-1 spondee word lists used with the Radioear B-71 and B-72 and Pracitronic KH 70 bone conduction vibrators at higher presentation levels for testing hearing impaired clients. Data are needed in order that results of speech reception thresholds using the CID W-1 word lists via these three bone conduction vibrators at higher intensity levels can be used confidently in the clinic. More data are available for speech reception thresholds using the CID W-1 word lists via earphones. This study compared speech intelligibility presented via bone conduction at higher intensity levels to that presented via earphone at higher intensity levels. Twelve normal hearing adults, with thresholds artificially elevated by binaural speech noise masking to simulate a hearing impairment, were used as subjects. Recorded CID W-1 spondee word lists were presented via four transducers: Radioear B-71, Radioear B-72, and Pracitronic KR 70 bone vibrators, and a TDH-39 earphone. Investigation of each bone conduction vibrator was accomplished by using forehead placement and using binaural speech noise masking via earphones. Investigation of the earphone was accomplished by simultaneously presenting binaural speech stimuli and speech noise masking. Spondees from the CID W-1 word lists were presented to the subject via a transducer. A bracketing technique was used to estimate the speech reception threshold. Using the intensity level of the predetermined SRT as 0 dB, each list was presented at one of the following levels: +4, +2, O, -2, -4, and -6. Performance-intensity functions, the percentage of correctly identified spondees as a function of presentation level, were obtained for each transducer. The percentage of spondees correctly identified increased with the stimulus level for all transducers. Using linear regression, the line of best fit was calculated for each subject's data under each transducer condition. A one way analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference in the slopes of the performance-intensity functions of the transducers. A follow-up test for the one way analysis of variance indicated that there was a signficant difference between the TDH-39 earphone and each of the bone conduction vibrators. There were no significant differences among the bone conduction vibrators. Results of the study suggested that CID W-1 word lists and the 50 percent criterion may be inappropriate for use with these bone conduction vibrators at higher intensity levels. Given that there was a preponderance of data points below 50 percent for the bone vibrators, a criterion of less than 50 percent might be more appropriate. Because presentation levels might be elevated for sensorineural hearing impaired listeners, their SRT performances could be affected. Consequently, the results of speech reception threshold testing via bone conduction at higher intensity levels should be interpreted with caution in clinics.

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24

Farquharson, Kelly, A. Lynn Williams, Ann Tyler, and Elise Baker. "Incorporating Science into Practice for Treatment of Speech Sound Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2044.

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This session is developed by, and presenters invited by Speech Sound Disorders in Children. Using an evidence-based practice framework, this short course will examine clinical decisions suited to children with speech sound disorder. Evidence-based recommendations and case-based assessment data will guide analysis, target selection, goal writing, intervention, and service delivery options. Strategies for translating evidence into practice will be considered. Audience participation is encouraged.

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25

Ricks, Madison, and Earl E. Johnson. "Comparing Hearing Loss Desensitization Factors and Their Effects on SII." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1760.

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Several hearing loss desensitization factors (HLD) and their impact on the calculated Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) were reviewed and compared. Humes (2002)/Sherbecoe & Studebaker (2003) and National Acoustics Laboratory (NAL) factors were nearly identical to one another in calculated SII. An HLD factor impacts prescribed audibility and its accuracy is important, especially if prescriptions implement one. The similarity between these two factors and their expected accuracy, based on inductive logic, might reassure clinicians that using a desensitization factor is appropriate.

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26

Johnson, Earl E. "Stepping Through the Evidence of Hearing Aid Selection and Fitting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1742.

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27

Fabijańska, Anna, Jacek Smurzynski, Krzysztof Kochanek, Grazyna Bartnik, Danuta Raj-Koziak, and Henryk Skarzynski. "The Influence of High Frequency Hearing Loss on the Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Tinnitus Subjects with Normal Hearing Thresold (0,25-8kHz)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1993.

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Aim of the study: To evaluate the influence of high frequency hearing loss (>8000 Hz) on distortion product otoacoustic emissions registered in the frequency range from 0,5 to 8 kHz. Material and methods: 280 ears with tinnitus and normal hearing (0.25–8 kHz) divided into 3 groups depending on the degree of high frequency hearing loss: group A – hearing threshold up to 20 dB for 10, 12.5, 14 and 16 kHz (68 ears); group B – hearing threshold 25–40 dB HLfor at least one of four EHfs (93 ears); group C – hearing threshold above 40 dB HL for at least one of four EHFs (119 ears). For each group mean audiogram and DP-gram were obtained and statistical analysis was used for comparison across these groups. Results: Mean DPOAE values in group C were significantly lower in comparison with group A for the frequency range 2–8 kHz, and in comparison with group B were significantly lower for the frequency range 4–8 kHz. Conclusions: High frequency hearing loss (above 8 kHz) has a relevant influence on distortion product otoacoustic emissions registered at frequencies below 8 kHz in tinnitus patients. The greater is hearing loss above 8 kHz, the lower is DPOAE value below 8 kHz.

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28

Ricketts, T. A., H. G. Mueller, J. Galster, and Earl E. Johnson. "Fitting Frequency Lowering Technology in Hearing Aids - a Hands-on Workshop." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1717.

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29

Johnson, Earl E. "The Efficient Frontier and Beyond: Possibilities and Limitations of Hearing Aids." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1748.

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This session will discuss the performance of hearing aids with respect to the restoration of sensorineural hearing impairment. Performance is based on two primary characteristics, amplified sound levels of recommended gain and output by prescriptions of the technical parameters operating within the hearing aid and the ability of digital signal processing as well as directional microphone capabilities to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a listening environment. The restoration of hearing abilities in the domains of speech intelligibility and audible frequency bandwidth (i.e., returns) are traded against loudness (i.e., a risk). The particular amount of restoration is compared to that achieved by an individual with normal hearing sensitivity, coined the efficient frontier. The session concludes with a demonstration of how realistic expectations for speech recognition performance for the typical individual with hearing aids can be made known with relatively few characteristics about the patient's hearing loss and the hearing aid.

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30

Morris, Sherry G. "Speech reception via bone conduction." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3908.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the performance-intensity function for spondees delivered via bone conduction (using the Radioear E-72 and Pracitronic KH-70) differed from the performance-intensity function for air conduction (using TDH-39 earphones). A secondary consideration addressed in this study was the comparison of the discrimination scores using the three transducers. Performance-intensity functions for spondee thresholds were calculated on 12 normal hearing subjects using two bone conduction vibrators, the Radioear B-72 and Pracitronic KH-70, and TDH-39 earphones. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the performance-intensity function of speech via bone conduction as compared to speech via air conduction. Also, there was no difference between the Radioear b-72 and Pracitronic KH-70 bone conduction vibrators. Discrimination scores also gave similar results between transducers. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the use of speech tests, such as the speech reception threshold and discrimination tests, which were originally designed for use via air conduction can safely be used for bone conduction.

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31

Gordon, Jane S. "Use of synthetic speech in tests of speech discrimination." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3443.

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The purpose of this study was to develop two tape-recorded synthetic speech discrimination test tapes and assess their intelligibility in order to determine whether or not synthetic speech was intelligible and if it would prove useful in speech discrimination testing. Four scramblings of the second MU-6 monosyllable word list were generated by the ECHO l C speech synthesizer using two methods of generating synthetic speech called TEXTALKER and SPEAKEASY. These stimuli were presented in one ear to forty normal-hearing adult subjects, 36 females and 4 males, at 60 dB HL under headphone&. Each subject listened to two different scramblings of the 50 monosyllable word list, one scrambling generated by TEXTALKER and the other scrambling generated by SPEAKEASY. The order in which the TEXTALKER and SPEAKEASY mode of presentation occurred as well as which ear to test per subject was randomly determined.

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32

Johnson, Earl E. "NAL-NL2: The New Hearing Aid Prescriptive Technique from Down Under." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1727.

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33

Johnson, Earl E. "Perspectives from Abroad on Hearing Aid Fitting and Dispensing Practices: Part 1." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1746.

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34

Johnson, Earl E. "Perspectives from Abroad on Hearing Aid Fitting and Dispensing Practices: Part 2." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1747.

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35

Overton, Katherine. "Perceptual Differences in Natural Speech and Personalized Synthetic Speech." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6921.

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The purpose of this study was to determine what perceptual differences existed between a natural recorded human voice and a synthetic voice that was created to sound like the same voice. This process was meant to mimic the differences between a voice that would be used for Message Banking and a voice that would be created by the ModelTalker system. Forty speech pathology graduate students (mean age = 23 years) rated voices on clarity, naturalness, pleasantness, and overall similarity. Analysis of data showed that the natural human voice was consistently rated as more natural, clear, and pleasant. In addition, participants generally rated the two voices as very different. This demonstrates that, at least in terms of perception, using the method of Message Banking results in a voice that is overall perceived more positively than the voice created using ModelTalker.

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36

Merry, Kathryn Jean. "The use of auditory brainstem responses in determining the maximum outputs of hearing aids." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3906.

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Uncomfortable listening level (UCL) is a behavioral measure which is currently used to set the maximum outputs of hearing aids. This study explored the feasibility of prescribing the maximum outputs of hearing aids by using results obtained from auditory brainstern response (ABR) testing. More specifically, this study compared ABR wave latencies with behaviorally-measured UCLs for a single cycle 3 kHz stimulus in normal-hearing adults.

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37

Reddick, Karen. "Tongue Twisters Quantified: Ultrasound Analysis of Speech Stability and Speech Errors." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6365.

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This thesis investigates errors on speech sounds (or phonemes) produced in laboratory speech stimuli designed to generate phonological onset errors. The present study adds to the literature on phonological speech errors with an instrumental analysis of tongue posture during speech error production and an investigation of the nature of speech errors as unintended variation in articulation. This study utilized ultrasound instrumentation to visualize speech errors made on velar and alveolar stop consonants at the point of stop closure. Two types of errors were of interest, categorical errors and gradient errors. Categorical errors are those that are heard by the listener and instrumentally appear to be a correct production of an incorrect target. Gradient errors are those that are usually heard to be the correct target, but on instrumental examination display characteristics of an incorrect production. Six participants repeated eight tongue twisters in both a baseline and an experimental condition. This study was interested in errors produced on the onset stop consonant pairs /t, d/ and /k, g/. Recordings were transcribed to determine the perceptual identity of each target. Ultrasound videos were then analyzed and an individual frame representing the articulatory posture for each closure was extracted. These frames were fit with a smoothing spline curve using Edgetrak software. A curve-to-curve analysis based on the methods of Zharkova (2009) was conducted as a means of further investigating variation in individual speakers as well as providing a quantitative measure of errors. Results from the six speakers showed that all produced both categorical and gradient errors. The speakers showed individual variation in the stability of their productions and overall rate of errors. There was an observable trend for speakers who were more stable in their baseline productions to produce fewer errors, both gradient and categorical, in the experimental portion. Conversely, those speakers who exhibited more variation in their baseline productions had a higher rate of error under the experimental condition.

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38

Allard, Bradley James. "The Use of the California Consonant Test and the Northwestern University Auditory Test no. 6 in Hearing Aid Evaluations for Individuals with Precipitous Losses Above 1 kHz." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3953.

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These two joint-studies used recorded versions of the Northwestern University Auditory Test Number 6 (NU-6) and the California Consonant Test (CCT) in the hearing aid evaluations (HAEs) of 12 male and one female subjects, aged 41 to 87 years. They exhibited precipitous high frequency losses beyond 1 kHz in at least one ear. All subjects were evaluated without amplification and while monaurally aided with two conventional high pass hearing aids. Ten of the subjects were evaluated in multi-talker noise and 11 were tested in quiet. Since the CCT was more heavily weighted than the NU-6 with target phonemes sensitive to high frequency losses, it was hypothesized that the CCT might be more sensitive than the NU-6 to significant differences between aided and/or unaided performances of these particularly high frequency impaired subjects. The data collected in noise and in quiet was analyzed separately with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. No significant differences were found in noise or quiet between the aided performances on either the CCT or the NU-6. The NU-6 in noise, however, revealed significant degrees of aided improvement at the .01 level of confidence that the CCT did not. The addition of noise seemed to make the CCT too difficult for these subjects. In quiet, both tests seemed to be as equally sensitive in revealing significant aided improvement at the .01 level of confidence. The lower mean CCT scores in quiet, however, seemed to indicate that if unaided NU-6 performances are too high to allow for significant aided improvement or significant differences between aids, the more time consuming CCT might be appropriate.

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39

Silberer, Amanda Beth. "Importance of high frequency audibility on speech recognition with and without visual cues in listeners with normal hearing." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4755.

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Purpose: To study the impact of visual cues, speech materials and age on the frequency bandwidth necessary for optimizing speech recognition performance in listeners with normal hearing. Method: Speech recognition abilities of adults and children with normal hearing were assessed using three speech perception tests that were low-pass (LP) filtered and presented in quiet and noise. The speech materials included the Multimodal Lexical Sentence Test (MLST) that was presented in auditory-only and auditory-visual modalities for the purpose of determining the listener's visual benefit. In addition, The University of Western Ontario Plurals Test (UWO) assessed listeners' ability to detect high frequency acoustic information (e.g., /s/ and /z/) in isolated words and The Maryland CNC test that assessed speech recognition performance using isolated single words. Speech recognition performance was calculated as percent correct and was compared across groups (children and adults), tests (MLST, UWO, and CNC) and conditions (quiet and noise). Results: Statistical analyses revealed a number of significant findings. The effect of visual cues was significant in adults and children. The type of speech material had significant impact on the frequency bandwidth required for adults and children to optimize speech recognition performance. The children required significantly more bandwidth to optimize performance than adults across speech perception tests and conditions of quiet and noise. Adults and children required significantly more bandwidth in noise than in quiet across speech perception tests. Conclusion: The results suggest that children and adults require significantly less bandwidth for optimizing speech recognition performance when assessed using sentence materials which provide visual cues. Children, however, showed less benefit from visual cues in the noise condition than adults. The amount of bandwidth required by both groups decreased as a function of the speech material. In other words, the more ecologically valid the speech material (e.g., sentences with visual cues versus single isolated words), the less bandwidth was required for optimizing performance. In all, the optimal bandwidth (except for the noise condition of the UWO test) is achievable with current amplification schemes.

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40

Johnson, Earl E. "The Adjustment of Hearing Aid Amplification Parameters for Children to Promote Good Outcomes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1743.

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41

Johnson, Earl E. "Characteristics of Speech (Part 1) and Language (Part 2) for Hearing Devices (Aids)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1721.

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42

Caissie, Rachel. "Communicative features in early conversation building hearing-impaired and normally hearing children and their caregivers." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39232.

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This study investigated the conditions under which communicative interactions were facilitated in hearing-impaired children and their caregivers as compared to normally hearing children and their caregivers. Participants were six normally hearing children and five hearing-impaired children, and their caregivers. Each interactant's communicative behaviors were coded for the intentions conveyed, discourse turn types, and verbal or nonverbal modalities of expression. Patterns emerged regarding caregiver communicative behaviors that facilitated children's participation in ongoing conversations. Caregiver behaviors most likely to be followed by on-topic responses from normally hearing and hearing-impaired children included caregiver requests, messages expressed through simultaneous verbal and nonverbal means, and turns that extended topics of conversations. Hearing-impaired children tended to produce more partially inadequate on-topic responses to their caregivers' turns than did the normally hearing children. Results are discussed with regard to clinical implications for the improvement or intervention with hearing-impaired children.

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43

Johnson, Earl E. "The Application of Speech Intelligibility, Loudness, and Frequency Bandwidth Modeling to the Comparative Study of Hearing Aid Prescriptions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1718.

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44

Johnson, Earl E., T. Ching, S. Hou, et al. "A Comparison of NAL and DSL Prescriptive Methods for Pediatric Hearing Aid Fittings: Estimates of Speech Intelligibility, Loudness, and Safety." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1754.

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45

Johnson, Earl E., and H. Dillon. "A Comparison of Gain for Adults From Generic Hearing Aid Prescriptive Methods (I.E., Nal-nl1, Nal-nl2, Dsl M[I/O], and Cameq2-hf): Impacts on Predicted Speech Intelligibility and Loudness." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1715.

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46

Johnson, Earl E. "Prescriptions and Training: Good for People, Pets, and Programmable Hearing Aids - Part I (ABA Tier One Session)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1730.

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47

Johnson, Earl E. "The Application of Speech Intelligibility and Loudness Modeling to the Development of Hearing Aid Prescriptions and the Comparative Study of Prescriptions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1732.

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48

Johnson, Earl E. "Hearing Aid Fitting and Dispensing Practices: The Evidence We Believe, with Little Proof and Information, Really Affects Our Practicing Choices - Part 2." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1739.

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49

Johnson, Earl E. "Hearing Aid Fitting and Dispensing Practices: The Evidence We Believe, with Little Proof and Information, Really Affects Our Practicing Choices - Part 1." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1738.

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50

Johnson, Earl E., T. Ricketts, B. W. Y. Hornsby, and J. Federman. "Digital Feedback Suppression Systems in Commercial Hearing Aids: Assessments of Gain Margin and Sound Quality." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1750.

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