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Journal articles on the topic 'Speech anxiety Behavior therapy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Nnamani, Amuche, Josephine Akabogu, Mkpoikanke Sunday Otu, Evelyn Ukoha, Annah C. Uloh-Bethels, Jacinta Chinwe Omile, Maureen Nnenna Obiezu, Anastasia E. Dike, Chioma Vivian Ike, and Olayinka M. Iyekekpolor. "Cognitive behaviour language therapy for speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 7 (June 3, 2019): 3109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519853387.

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Objective To determine the effectiveness of a cognitive behaviour language therapy (CBLT) programme to reduce speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents. Methods This was a group randomized clinical trial that enrolled stuttering school adolescents who had severe speech anxiety. The participants were randomized to either the treatment group or the control group. The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (SATI) score was recorded before and after a 12-week CBLT programme was delivered in 24 group sessions to the treatment group. The control group did not receive any therapy. Results A total of 92 stuttering school adolescents who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to the treatment group ( n = 46; 22 males, 24 females; mean ± SD age, 16.36 ± 2.20 years) or the control group ( n = 46; 28 males, 18 females; mean ± SD age, 15.45 ± 2.10 years). Results showed that the CBLT intervention significantly reduced speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents compared with the control group (post-test SATI assessment, mean ± SD 26.52 ± 1.67 versus 89.92 ± 3.17, respectively). Conclusion These findings suggest that speech educators and therapists in educational institutions and hospitals should follow the principles of CBLT when treating speech anxiety.

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Helgadottir, Fjola Dogg, Ross G. Menzies, Mark Onslow, Ann Packman, and Sue O'Brian. "Safety Behaviors and Speech Treatment for Adults Who Stutter." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 4 (August 2014): 1308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0041.

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Purpose Those with anxiety use safety behaviors when attempting to prevent negative outcomes. There is evidence that these behaviors contribute to the persistence of anxiety disorders. Safety behaviors have been prominent in the cognitive behavior therapy literature during the last decade, particularly with social phobia management. However, nothing is known of safety behavior use by those who stutter. This is surprising given the high prevalence of social phobia in the stuttering population who seek clinical help. Method Clinical psychologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) created a list of safety behaviors that might be used by adults during treatment for stuttering. Participants were 160 SLPs who were asked whether they advised adults who stutter to use any of these safety behaviors. Results SLPs commonly recommend safety behaviors during stuttering management. Factor structures were found for the following 5 safety behavior categories: (a) general safety behaviors, (b) practice and rehearsal, (c) general avoidance, (d) choosing safe and easy people, and (e) control-related safety behaviors. Conclusions There is a need to determine the frequency with which adults who receive stuttering treatment follow these clinician recommendations. In addition, there is a need to experimentally determine whether following such recommendations prevents fear extinction at long-term follow-up.

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Tutino, Jessica S., and Allison J. Ouimet. "Can you believe it? Examining the influence of safety behavior beliefs on speech task outcomes." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 204380872110121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438087211012161.

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Beliefs and expectations about treatment have been shown to significantly impact treatment outcomes in medical settings. However, researchers have seldom examined the role of beliefs within the context of cognitive behavioral therapy. Beliefs may be particularly salient for safety behavior (SB) use in exposure therapy, as clinicians often hold opinions about whether judicious SB use facilitates or inhibits treatment. These beliefs may consequently be relayed during psychoeducation, influencing client expectations of SB helpfulness and exposure efficacy. We investigated experimentally the influence of SB beliefs on working memory, speech predictions, speech duration, anxiety, performance, and speech acceptability. Speech anxious undergraduate participants ( N = 144) received psychoeducation on exposure and were told (using random assignment) either that SBs: increase anxiety (unhelpful), decrease anxiety (helpful), or were provided with no information on SBs (control). People in the helpful condition only believed the exposure would be more successful. Crucially, exposure expectancy mediated the relationship between the helpful (but not unhelpful) condition and willingness to engage in future exposures. There were no effects of condition on most cognitive, emotional, or behavioral outcomes, suggesting that SBs (and SB beliefs) may have less impact on exposure outcomes than is currently believed.

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Siroky, Allison K., John S. Carlson, and Aimee Kotrba. "Investigation of Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism: A Replicated Single-Case Study Design." International Journal of Psychological Studies 9, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v9n2p82.

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Selective Mutism (SM) is a rare but potentially debilitating disorder characterized by a lack of speech in certain settings where speaking is expected. This study examined the effectiveness of a shortened version (12 sessions over 18 weeks) of Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism (IBTSM; Bergman, 2013) in increasing speech and relieving anxiety for two four-year-old males with SM via a replicated single-case design. Treatment effectiveness, integrity, and acceptability were measured at baseline, throughout treatment, and at a three-month follow-up. Treatment integrity was excellent for both cases. SM severity ratings decreased from baseline to end-of-treatment, and again at follow-up, for each case. Verbal communication increased at end-of-treatment and follow-up, and significant decreases in social anxiety were seen across both cases by the three-month follow-up. Parents rated the shortened IBTSM as highly acceptable, effective, and efficient. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of varying lengths of IBTSM.

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Blomgren, Michael, Nelson Roy, Thomas Callister, and Ray M. Merrill. "Intensive Stuttering Modification Therapy." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48, no. 3 (June 2005): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/035).

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Nineteen adults who stutter participated in a 3-week intensive stuttering modification treatment program (the Successful Stuttering Management Program [SSMP]). A series of 14 fluency and affective-based measures were assessed before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. Measures included stuttering frequency; the Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults, Third Edition (SSI-3); a self-rating of stuttering severity; the Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory (PSI); the Locus of Control of Behavior Scale; the Beck Depression Inventory; the Multicomponent Anxiety Inventory IV (MCAI-IV); and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Statistically significant improvements were observed on 4 of the total 14 measures immediately following treatment and on 4 measures at 6 months posttreatment. Statistically significant improvements observed immediately posttreatment included scores on the SSI and the Struggle, Avoidance, and Expectancy subscales of the PSI. Sustained statistically significant improvements at 6 months posttreatment were observed only on client-reported perceptions of stuttering (the Avoidance and Expectancy subscales of the PSI) and 2 specific affective functioning measures (the Psychic and Somatic Anxiety subscales of the MCAI-IV). The SSMP generated some anxiolytic effects but was ineffective in producing durable reductions of core stuttering behaviors, such as stuttering frequency and severity. The discussion focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and durability of the SSMP treatment approach.

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Beukes, Eldré W., Peter M. Allen, David M. Baguley, Vinaya Manchaiah, and Gerhard Andersson. "Long-Term Efficacy of Audiologist-Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Tinnitus." American Journal of Audiology 27, no. 3S (November 19, 2018): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_aja-imia3-18-0004.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term outcomes 1 year after undertaking an audiologist-guided Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) intervention for tinnitus. Secondary aims were to identify any predictors of outcome and whether there were any unwanted events related to undertaking iCBT for tinnitus. Method Participants who had previously undertaken a randomized iCBT efficacy trial for tinnitus were invited to participate. Of the 146 who were initially randomized for the efficacy trial, 104 participants completed the 1-year postintervention assessment measures. The primary outcome was a change in tinnitus distress as assessed by the Tinnitus Functional Index. Secondary assessment measures were included for insomnia, anxiety, depression, hearing handicap, hyperacusis, cognitive failures, and satisfaction with life. An intention-to-treat analysis using repeated-measures analysis of variance and hierarchical multiple regression was used for statistical analysis. Unwanted effects were categorized according to the unwanted events checklist. Results Undertaking iCBT for tinnitus led to significant improvements 1 year postintervention for tinnitus and related difficulties, for example, insomnia, anxiety, depression, hearing handicap, hyperacusis, and life satisfaction. The best predictors of improving tinnitus severity at 1-year postintervention were greater baseline tinnitus severity scores, reading more of the modules, and higher satisfaction with the intervention. Unwanted events were reported by 11% of the participants and were more likely to be reported by women than men. These events were related to worsening of symptoms, the emergence of new symptoms, negative well-being, and prolongation of treatment. Conclusions The clinical benefits of audiologist-guided iCBT for tinnitus and tinnitus-related difficulties were sustained 1 year postintervention. Predictors of outcome indicated that the intervention is applicable to a wide range of participants regardless of their demographic backgrounds. Attempts should be made to minimize unwanted events in subsequent trials.

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Tutino, Jessica S., Allison J. Ouimet, and Ryan J. Ferguson. "Exploring the impact of safety behaviour use on cognitive, psychophysiological, emotional and behavioural responses during a speech task." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 5 (April 17, 2020): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246582000017x.

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AbstractBackground:There is a debate among researchers and clinicians regarding whether the judicious use of safety behaviours (SBs) during exposure therapy is helpful or detrimental. Central to this debate is the premise that SBs may interfere with one’s ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence.Aims:No study to date has assessed how SB use may impact cognitive mechanisms implicated during an exposure-like task. We investigated multiple cognitive, emotional, psychophysiological and behavioural underpinnings of exposure with and without SBs.Method:Speech anxious participants (n = 111) were randomly assigned to deliver an evaluated speech with or without SBs. Self-reported anxiety ratings and psychophysiological arousal measures were recorded at baseline, in anticipation of the speech, and following the speech. Measures of working memory, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, speech duration, objective and subjective speech performance, and speech task acceptability were administered.Results:There were no differences between conditions on working memory, self-reported anxiety, psychophysiological arousal, ability to gather disconfirmatory evidence, speech duration, or objective and subjective speech performance. All participants were able to gather disconfirmatory evidence. However, condition did influence willingness to deliver future speeches. Our sample was largely female undergraduate students, and we offered only a small number of specific safety behaviours.Conclusions:Judicious SB use may not necessarily be detrimental, but clients may believe them to be more helpful than they actually are.

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Khan, Maria, and Kimberly Renk. "Be Your Own Superhero: A Case of a Young Boy With Selective Mutism and Complex Comorbidities." Clinical Case Studies 17, no. 5 (August 6, 2018): 348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650118791038.

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This case study outlines the treatment of a 5-year-old Caucasian male who presented with symptoms of selective mutism (SM) along with significant impairment related to comorbid anxiety and speech difficulties. To address these symptoms, Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism (IBTSM) was utilized for the treatment of this young boy’s SM and comorbid anxiety. An attachment focus was incorporated as a framework for conceptualizing his SM symptoms. As the treatment of this young boy’s symptoms proceeded, it became clear that his underlying speech difficulties needed to be addressed as well, as these difficulties were preventing expected progress to occur. Thus, this young boy’s treatment was individualized to fit his unique difficulties. In shifting the treatment focus to “being brave like a superhero,” significant decreases were achieved in this young boy’s overall internalizing and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM)-related anxiety symptoms, facilitating a successful transition to speech and language therapy. This case study is distinctive in its description of the complexities that may come along with treating symptoms that appear consistent with SM along with other comorbid conditions and nuanced circumstances.

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Lowe, Robyn, Fjola Helgadottir, Ross Menzies, Rob Heard, Sue O'Brian, Ann Packman, and Mark Onslow. "Safety Behaviors and Stuttering." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 5 (May 24, 2017): 1246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0055.

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Purpose Those who are socially anxious may use safety behaviors during feared social interactions to prevent negative outcomes. Safety behaviors are associated with anxiety maintenance and poorer treatment outcomes because they prevent fear extinction. Social anxiety disorder is often comorbid with stuttering. Speech pathologists reported in a recent publication (Helgadottir, Menzies, Onslow, Packman, & O'Brian, 2014a) that they often recommended procedures for clients that could be safety behaviors. This study investigated the self-reported use of safety behaviors by adults who stutter. Method Participants were 133 adults who stutter enrolled in an online cognitive-behavior therapy program. Participants completed a questionnaire about their use of potential safety behaviors when anxious during social encounters. Correlations were computed between safety behaviors and pretreatment scores on measures of fear of negative evaluation and negative cognitions. Results Of 133 participants, 132 reported that they used safety behaviors. Many of the safety behaviors correlated with higher scores for fear of negative evaluation and negative cognitions. Conclusions Adults who stutter report using safety behaviors, and their use is associated with pretreatment fear of negative evaluation and unhelpful thoughts about stuttering. These results suggest that the negative effects of safety behaviors may extend to those who stutter, and further research is needed.

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Menzies, Ross G., Ann Packman, Mark Onslow, Sue O'Brian, Mark Jones, and Fjóla Dögg Helgadóttir. "In-Clinic and Standalone Internet Cognitive Behavior Therapy Treatment for Social Anxiety in Stuttering: A Randomized Trial of iGlebe." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 1614–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-18-0340.

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Soo, Cheryl, Robyn L. Tate, and Amanda Lane-Brown. "A Systematic Review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Managing Anxiety: Applicability for People With Acquired Brain Injury?" Brain Impairment 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.12.1.54.

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AbstractAcceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is increasingly used in clinical practice to manage anxiety conditions. This psychotherapeutic approach focuses on the following: (1) acceptance of an individual's experience of the spectrum of psychological and emotional states, (2) choosing valued direction for the individual's life, and (3) commitment to action that leads the individual in the direction of those values. This article presents an empirical review of ACT for treatment of anxiety in two parts. In the first part we systematically review the literature for studies examining ACT for anxiety management in the general population with anxiety problems. In the second part, we discuss applicability of acceptance-based approaches for a health population in which these techniques may have applicability, that is, for people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Electronic searches for the review were conducted on PsycINFO and Medline. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) used an ACT intervention study, (2) the target of the intervention was an anxiety disorder or anxiety symptomatology, (3) the intervention used a randomised controlled trial (RCT) or single case experimental design (SCED) methodology, and (4) the paper was available in English. Studies were rated for methodological quality using standardised assessment procedures. Four RCTs provided support for ACT for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), maths anxiety, trichotillomania (TTM), and mixed anxiety and depression. Three SCED trials scoring in the high range on the scale of methodological quality revealed some support for ACT for managing TTM, skin picking, and OCD. Although no studies were identified that investigated ACT for managing anxiety in people with ABI, the review highlights issues for consideration when applying ACT in this population.

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Hodgson, Janet, Skye McDonald, Robyn Tate, and Paul Gertler. "A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy Program for Managing Social Anxiety After Acquired Brain Injury." Brain Impairment 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.2005.6.3.169.

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AbstractDespite the prevalence of psychiatric illness in people with acquired brain injury (ABI), there are very few empirically validated studies examining the efficacy of treatments targeting commonly occurring disorders such as depression and anxiety. Using a randomised controlled trial, this study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive behavioural intervention specifically designed for managing social anxiety following ABI. Twelve brain-injured participants were screened, randomly allocated to either treatment group (TG) or a wait list group (WLG), and proceeded through to the final stages of therapy. The TG received between 9 and 14 hourly, individual sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy. Repeated measures analyses revealed significant improvements in general anxiety, depression and a transient mood measure, tension-anxiety, for the TG when compared to the WLG at posttreatment. These treatment gains were maintained at one-month follow-up. Although in the predicted direction, postintervention improvements in social anxiety and self-esteem for the TG were not significant in comparison with the WLG. This study lends support to the small body of literature highlighting the potential of cognitive behavioural interventions for managing the psychological problems that serve as a barrier to rehabilitation following ABI.

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Bajaj, Gagan, Aiswarya Liz Varghese, Jayashree S. Bhat, and Joylin Deepthi. "Assessment of Quality of Life of People who Stutter: A Cross-sectional Study." Rehabilitation Process and Outcome 3 (January 2014): RPO.S19058. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/rpo.s19058.

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Stuttering is a complex communication disorder that impedes the normal flow and pattern of speech, which is characterized by involuntary audible or inaudible pause, repetitions, prolongations, blocks, etc. Other than the core behaviors, people who stutter experience various other problems such as fear, anxiety, depression, shame, etc., which can in turn affect the quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study is to develop a questionnaire in order to assess the QOL of people who stutter. A total of 30 participants aged between 18 and 30 years were enrolled for the study. Out of the stutterers included, 15 were employed and 15 were non-employed/students. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved the development of a questionnaire based on literature search and available tests. The second phase involved administering the validated questionnaire on the participants. The questionnaire consisted of six domains targeting (1) speech-related fear and anxiety, (2) interpersonal and social relationships, (3) behavioral reaction to stuttering, (4) educational status, (5) employment and job opportunity, and (6) effect of speech therapy. For each item, response scales were organized (2—almost always, 1—sometime, 0—not at all). Developed questionnaire showed good content validity for all the domains and questions. The result of Cronbach's alpha for each domain indicates moderate internal consistency and excellent internal consistency for the overall questionnaire. Multiple domains were observed to be affected among adults who stutter, and the differences were not found to be significantly different as compared to the available QOL data from other cultural settings.

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Vitomska, M. V. "Modern Approaches to Occupational Therapy of Children with Authistic Spectric Disorders." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.02.007.

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The purpose of the study is to determine the current provisions on occupational therapy interventions for children with ASD, features of their practical implementation and effectiveness based on the analysis of research data. Materials and methods. This work is the result of the analysis of scientific and methodological developments on the practical implementation of occupational therapy interventions in terms of timing and scope, complexity and role of the family; comparison of research results, which are devoted to the study of the effectiveness of behavioral therapy and SI, as the main interventions of occupational therapists. Results. Early rehabilitation of a child with ASD contributes to the formation of the necessary skills in everyday life and communication. To date, the largest evidence base has been accumulated by intervention programs, which are based on the principles of improving parent-child relations and are aimed at developing social and communication skills. Occupational therapy in ASD is aimed at overcoming motor anxiety, disorders of large and fine motor skills, coordination of movements and ability to learn, speech. SI-based occupational therapy is used to improve the processing of sensory information, improve the efficiency of "registration" and modulation of the senses, as well as help in the formation of simple adaptive responses. The effectiveness of sensory and motor interventions is manifested in positive changes in the social interaction of children, purposeful play and normalization of sensitivity. Sensory interventions of occupational therapists can reduce maladaptive behavior, hyperactivity, as well as inhibit self-stimulation, stereotyped movements and improve attention. Researchers recommend that occupational therapists combine sensory interventions with functional tasks that help the child's practice in achieving the goal of the activity. Conclusions. There is a large number of approaches and techniques used in occupational therapy for children with ASD. Given the lack of evidence to determine the most effective of them, it should be noted that additional research is needed to address this issue

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Rathore, Helen E. "Trust and Attunement-Focused EMDR With a Child." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 12, no. 4 (November 2018): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.12.4.255.

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This qualitative case study explores using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy informed by attachment and neuroscience research about the importance of safety (trust) and relationship (attunement). This was chosen to enable a young child to create vital positive neural networks and process early trauma while remaining within the window of receptivity, despite issues of avoidance and control. A single case study design was used with a 5-year-old child who experienced early traumas. Observable symptoms included separation anxiety, avoidance, compromised motor skills, and compromised speech. Data were obtained from carer, child, and teacher report, notes, observations, case file, ratings of emotions, and behaviors. The data were explored for outcome data points, validity, and protocol adherence. Key findings were that EMDR used with attunement and trust-building strategies appeared to support developmental progress while facilitating pervasive posttraumatic growth. EMDR appears to offer appropriate opportunities for incorporating neuroscience and attachment research in order to facilitate trauma processing. Future research into EMDR storytelling procedures and possible causative relationships between trust-building and attunement with neurodevelopmental markers would be a possible next step.

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Robinson, Paula L., Ailsa Russell, and Leon Dysch. "Third-Wave Therapies for Long-Term Neurological Conditions: A Systematic Review to Evaluate the Status and Quality of Evidence." Brain Impairment 20, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 58–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2019.2.

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Background: Adults with long-term neurological conditions can face complex challenges including anxiety and depression. Emerging research suggests the utility of third-wave approaches (the third development of psychotherapies) in working transdiagnostically with these difficulties.Aims: This systematic review sought to summarise and appraise the quality of published empirical studies using third-wave therapies such as Compassion Focused Therapy; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.Method: Review procedures followed PRISMA guidelines, with 437 abstracts screened, 24 full-text articles retrieved and 19 studies found to meet inclusion criteria. Six out of seven randomised studies had unclear or high risk of bias, whilst the majority of non-randomised studies were considered moderate quality.Results: Overall, studies reported a statistically significant reduction in emotional distress. Of the 13 studies that used model-specific process measures, 10 found statistically significant improvements in transdiagnostic factors.Discussion: The findings indicate that third-wave therapies show promise in addressing transdiagnostic difficulties within neurological conditions. A number of methodological and conceptual issues for the included studies were highlighted during the quality appraisal process. Clinical implications include consideration of intervention length and use of outcome measures. Research implications are discussed by considering the progressive stages of development for behavioural treatments.

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Ku, Brian, Cephas Mujuruki, Abha Patel, and Gregory Carter. "855 Sexsomnia: A Case Series Looking at a Rare Parasomnia." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A332—A333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.852.

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Abstract Introduction Sexsomnia is a male predominant, rare subset of NREM parasomnia involving sleep-related sexual activity. Symptoms can range from individual sexual acts, such as masturbation, to acts involving bed partners, often without recollection. Sexsomnia results in profound personal, social, and legal ramifications. Though typically treated with benzodiazepines, here we present three patients that were managed nontraditionally. Report of case(s) Case 1 A 34-year-old man with a history of optimized obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), alcohol abuse, and bipolar disorder reported eight-years of parasomnia characterized by fondling, sexual intercourse, and aggressive sexual acts, despite treatment with benzodiazepines. His fiancé noted that his advances when sleeping were atypical for their normal intimate interactions. He was observed to have frequent arousals from N3 sleep during PSG. The patient denied current substance use, but did report bilateral foot discomfort leading to sleep disturbance. His ferritin was 38 ng/mL, and he was started on oral iron and vitamin C. Case 2 A 41-year-old woman with a history of anxiety, psoriatic arthritis, insomnia and childhood somnambulism presented with parasomnia ranging from fondling to sexual intercourse. Her husband noted that during the episodes, her mannerisms and speech pattern were vastly different from normal. She endorsed difficulty initiating sleep, with a sleep latency of one hour and frequent arousals despite using trazodone nightly. She consumed two to five glasses of whiskey in the evenings several nights a week. Parasomnia events were more prevalent on nights that she partook in alcohol and improved with alcohol cessation. Case 3 A 44-year-old man with a history of optimized mild OSA presented with parasomnias characterized by somnambulism with goal-directed behavior and sexual activity, with a family history of violent parasomnias. Given the atypical nature of his events, he was referred to the epilepsy monitoring unit, which was ultimately nondiagnostic. Benzodiazepine therapy was ineffective. He chose to defer further medical management, leading the patient to pursue cognitive behavioral therapy, with moderate benefit. He reports infrequent parasomnias off medications. Conclusion Sexsomnia remains a rare, and likely under reported phenomenon. In each of the highlighted cases, the patients responded to treatment without the use of standard benzodiazepine therapy. Support (if any):

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Ownsworth, Tamara, Anna L. Hawkes, Suzanne Chambers, David G. Walker, and David Shum. "Applying a Biopsychosocial Perspective to Investigate Factors Related to Emotional Adjustment and Quality of Life for Individuals With Brain Tumour." Brain Impairment 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2010): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.11.3.270.

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AbstractObjective:This exploratory study applied a biopsychosocial perspective to investigate cognitive and psychosocial factors related to emotional adjustment and QoL after brain tumour.Methods:Participants included 30 adults with a brain tumour (60% benign and 40% malignant) who were aged 28 to 71 years (M= 51.5,SD= 12.3) and on average 5.4 years post-diagnosis (SD= 5.6 years). Participants completed a brief battery of cognitive tests and self-report measures of emotional status (Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale), subjective impairment (Patient Competency Rating Scale), coping (COPE), social support (Brief Social Support Questionnaire), and QoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy — Brain Tumour [FACT-Br]).Results:QoL was significantly associated with global cognitive ability (r= .49,p< .01), subjective impairment (r= .66,p< .01), and satisfaction with support (r= .50,p< .05). Level of depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with premorbid IQ (r= -.49,p< .01), use of planning to cope (r= -.48,p< .01), and satisfaction with support (r= -.47,p< .01).Conclusions:Overall, these exploratory findings indicate that emotional adjustment and QoL after brain tumour is related to a slightly different pattern of neuropsychological, psychological (self-perceptions and coping) and social factors. The clinical implications for interventions with individuals with brain tumour are discussed.

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Vasenina, E. E., and O. S. Levin. "Speech disorders and anxiety: interaction mechanisms and therapy potential." Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 120, no. 4 (2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2020120041136.

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Öst, Lam-Göran. "Cognitive behavior therapy in anxiety disorders." European Psychiatry 17, S2 (May 2002): 274s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)85025-8.

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Thyer, Bruce A., and Karen M. Sowers-Hoag. "Behavior Therapy for Separation Anxiety Disorder." Behavior Modification 12, no. 2 (April 1988): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455880122003.

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Sturmey, Peter. "Anxiety management training: A behavior therapy." Research in Developmental Disabilities 12, no. 4 (January 1991): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(91)90040-y.

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Ost, L.-G. "Cognitive behavior therapy in anxiety disorders." European Psychiatry 22 (March 2007): S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1211.

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Rapee, Ronald M. "Anxiety management training: A behavior therapy." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 6, no. 1 (January 1992): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(92)90031-2.

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Harvey, Allison G., and Ronald M. Rapee. "Cognitive-behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 18, no. 4 (December 1995): 859–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30027-3.

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Roblek, Tami, and John Piacentini. "Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Childhood Anxiety Disorders." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 14, no. 4 (October 2005): 863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2005.06.001.

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Jablonka, Olga, Alix Sarubbi, Amy M. Rapp, and Anne Marie Albano. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy for the Anxiety Triad." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 21, no. 3 (July 2012): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2012.05.011.

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Martinez, Chenia Caldeira, and Mauriceia Cassol. "Measurement of Voice Quality, Anxiety and Depression Symptoms After Speech Therapy." Journal of Voice 29, no. 4 (July 2015): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.004.

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Criado-Álvarez, Juan Jose, Jaime González González, Carmen Romo Barrientos, Isabel Ubeda-Bañon, Daniel Saiz-Sanchez, Alicia Flores-Cuadrado, Juan Carlos Albertos-Marco, Alino Martinez-Marcos, and Alicia Mohedano-Moriano. "Learning from human cadaveric prosections: Examining anxiety in speech therapy students." Anatomical Sciences Education 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2017): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ase.1699.

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Iverach, Lisa, Sue O’Brian, Mark Jones, Susan Block, Michelle Lincoln, Elisabeth Harrison, Sally Hewat, Ross G. Menzies, Ann Packman, and Mark Onslow. "Prevalence of anxiety disorders among adults seeking speech therapy for stuttering." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23, no. 7 (October 2009): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.06.003.

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Rachman, S. "Psychological Treatment of Anxiety: The Evolution of Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5, no. 1 (April 2009): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153635.

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Hewitt, Lynne. "Social Anxiety and Pragmatics in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Its Relation to Speech-Language Pathology." Perspectives on Language Learning and Education 21, no. 1 (January 2014): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/lle21.1.5.

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In this review of basic principles of cognitive behavioral therapy, application to treatment of anxiety in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is outlined and evidence for effectiveness presented. The links between social anxiety disorder and social communication impairment are explored, and the issues raised by applying principles drawn from psychology to clinical practice in speech-language pathology are discussed. Suggestions for clinical practice are offered, along with reflections on the potential for increased collaboration between cognitive behavioral therapists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to better serve individuals with ASD. Outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be impacted by many factors, including co-morbid psychiatric factors. In working on clinical pragmatics with individuals on the autism spectrum, it is not uncommon to come across clients who have a clinical diagnosis of anxiety disorder. Often, the symptoms of that disorder are present primarily in social situations. The social piece creates a direct interface between speech-language pathologists (SLPs), as experts on pragmatic language and social communication, and psychologists, with expertise in psychological functioning and treatments for its disorders. Awareness of current literature and best practice in handling anxiety is relevant to our practice as SLPs, because social anxiety and communicative competence are logically connected, in that both deal with managing social situations. Effective treatments for anxiety exist within the psychiatric and psychological professions. In this review of recent cognitive behavioral therapeutic approaches for treatment of social anxiety in ASD, the strength of the evidence for effectiveness will be described and implications for clinical practice in speech-language pathology discussed.

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Butler, Gillian, Melanie Fennell, Philip Robson, and Michael Gelder. "Comparison of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59, no. 1 (1991): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.167.

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Stanley, Melinda A., and Diane M. Novy. "Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety in Late Life." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 14, no. 2 (March 2000): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00048-1.

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Haun, Jeffrey J., and Paula Truax. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Atypical Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)." Clinical Case Studies 6, no. 3 (June 2007): 195–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650105280330.

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Heiervang, Einar R., Marianne A. Villabø, and Gro Janne Wergeland. "Cognitive behavior therapy for child and adolescent anxiety disorders." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 31, no. 6 (November 2018): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000457.

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Wallach, Helene S., Marilyn P. Safir, and Margalit Bar-Zvi. "Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety." Behavior Modification 33, no. 3 (March 11, 2009): 314–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445509331926.

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Safir, Marilyn P., Helene S. Wallach, and Margalit Bar-Zvi. "Virtual Reality Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety." Behavior Modification 36, no. 2 (December 15, 2011): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445511429999.

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Charlesworth, Georgina, Susan Sadek, Astrid Schepers, and Aimee Spector. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Anxiety in People With Dementia." Behavior Modification 39, no. 3 (December 16, 2014): 390–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445514561317.

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Trajano, Flávia Maiele Pedroza, Larissa Nadjara Alves Almeida, Sauana Alves Leite de Alencar, João Euclides Fernandes Braga, and Anna Alice Almeida. "Group Voice Therapy Reduces Anxiety in Patients With Dysphonia." Journal of Voice 34, no. 5 (September 2020): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.03.003.

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Pollard, Ryan. "A Preliminary Report on Outcomes of the American Institute for Stuttering Intensive Therapy Program." Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders 22, no. 1 (May 2012): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ffd22.1.5.

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In this study, we documented the effects of a 3-week, intensive stuttering treatment program on overt and covert symptoms of stuttering and participants’ levels of social anxiety. This study was a preliminary report in which we used a single-group pretest-posttest design to analyze outcomes data with reference to each participant individually and described general group trends. Researchers gave 5 adult participants who stuttered a battery of self-report instruments and collected speech samples before and after treatment. We found that disfluencies lessened considerably for all participants, although most continued to stutter at levels above those of normally fluent speakers. All participants except for 1 were far less negatively affected by stuttering after treatment and greatly reduced their reported levels of social anxiety. Several participants in this sample displayed pathological levels of social anxiety pretreatment. Preliminary data indicate that this intensive program generally achieved its stated goals of facilitating improved stuttering/speech management and psychological/attitudinal management. We need further investigations to document the durability of the gains reported herein, as well as the clinical implications of social anxiety as a comorbid condition in some persons who stutter.

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Weeks, Justin W., and Peggy M. Zoccola. "Fears of Positive versus Negative Evaluation: Distinct and Conjoint Neuroendocrine, Emotional, and Cardiovascular Responses to Social Threat." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 7, no. 4 (September 25, 2016): 632–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5127/jep.056016.

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Fear of evaluation in general is important in social anxiety, including fear of positive evaluation (FPE) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE). The present study examined various FPE- and FNE-associated state responses (i.e., affective, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine) to an impromptu speech task which integrated simultaneous and systematic delivery of positive and negative social threat cues (n = 100 [unselected]). Both FPE and FNE related positively to state anxiety and heart rate changes from anticipation of the speech to during the speech itself, and these effects were partly conjoint and partly unique. Furthermore, high FPE alone was associated with dampened cortisol in response to the speech task in contrast to a more normative, robust response to social threat. Last, consistent with hypothesis and prior findings, state anxiety during the speech mediated the relationship between trait FPE and state disqualification of positive social outcomes (a mental safety behavior for FPE-related state anxiety). These results further inform upon the commonalities and distinctions between these two socio-evaluative fears. Implications for the theoretical conceptualization and treatment of social anxiety are discussed.

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Ilić-Savić, Ivana, and Mirjana Petrović-Lazić. "Assessment of interpersonal anxiety in stutters." Psiholoska istrazivanja 24, no. 1 (2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/psistra24-30565.

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Stuttering is defined as a speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of speech elements, i.e. voices, syllables or words. The evaluation of interpersonal anxiety in stuttering pathology should indicate and encourage a new perspective and provide a conceptual approach that has the potential to enable better understanding of the affective field of a stuttering person, thus completing a guide to stuttering rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to compare the degree of interpersonal anxiety of stuttering subjects and the typical population and the potential effect of age differences and different forms of stuttering on the degree of interpersonal anxiety. The sample included 48 subjects, 24 stuttering subjects and 24 non-stuttering subjects. Interpersonal anxiety was evaluated using the Willoughby questionnaire which assesses the degree of interpersonal anxiety. The obtained results show that the subjects who stutter are more anxious than the subjects of the typical population [F(1, 44) = 13.66, p <.01]. Stuttering subjects from the older age groups have exhibited a higher degree of interpersonal anxiety compared to younger subjects [F(1, 22) = 8.544, p <.01]. There are differences in the degree of interpersonal anxiety in people who stutter with respect to the form of stuttering [F(2, 21) = 80.83, p <.01] - the people who have a severe form of stuttering are more anxious than the people who have a mild and moderate form of stuttering. Studying of the relationships between these disorders is essential for strengthening and supplementing the existing prevention measures, but also for encouraging the development of new prevention programmes aimed at forestalling occurrence of anxiety by gaining the ability to successfully overcome emotional discomfort associated with speech. The obtained findings underscore the importance of stuttering assessment and therapy in adults and suggest that the integration of interventions by speech therapists and clinical psychologists could be beneficial for this population.

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Sonoda, Yuma, Nao Yoshida, Kazunori Kawami, Akihiro Kitamura, Nobuhiro Ogawa, Isamu Yamakawa, Hyoh Kim, Mitsuru Sanada, Shinji Imai, and Makoto Urushitani. "Short-Term Effect of Intensive Speech Therapy on Dysarthria in Patients With Sporadic Spinocerebellar Degeneration." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00259.

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Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate a structured approach for effective speech therapy (ST) for dysarthria and speech-related quality of life in patients with sporadic spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), including cerebellar-type multiple-system atrophy and cerebellar cortical atrophy. Method Twenty-two patients with SCD (cerebellar-type multiple system atrophy, 15 patients; cerebellar cortical atrophy, seven patients) who underwent intensive ST were examined. Dysarthria was evaluated using the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia Speech Dysfunction, Assessment of Motor Speech for Dysarthria Articulation, oral diadochokinesis (OD), and Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10). Respiratory muscle strength (inspiratory and expiratory pressure) and respiratory–phonatory coordination (maximum phonation time) were measured. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montréal Cognitive Assessment and the word fluency test. Mood was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The relationships between dysarthria scales (particularly, VHI-10) and clinical data were analyzed using stepwise regression. The differences in outcomes after intensive ST were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The alpha level ( p ) for statistical significance was set at .0125 by Bonferroni correction. Results For both pre- and post-ST, the patient's OD ( p = .002) and maximum phonation time ( p = .002) significantly improved, except for Speech Dysfunction scores of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia ( p = .705) and the VHI-10 ( p = .018). The Assessment of Motor Speech for Dysarthria Articulation, OD, and inspiratory pressure were identified as independent variables of VHI-10 (adjusted R 2 = .820) for speech-related quality of life; no correlations among the Montréal Cognitive Assessment, word fluency test, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores were observed. Conclusion OD and VHI-10 showed improvements due to changes in speech function and respiratory–phonatory coordination, justifying intensive ST treatment for dysarthria in patients with SCD.

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Glisenti, Kevin, and Esben Strodl. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Treating Obese Emotional Eaters." Clinical Case Studies 11, no. 2 (April 2012): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650112441701.

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This study describes the treatment of obese individuals who rated high on emotional eating using four case studies that involved 22 sessions of either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). Outcomes measures relating to weight, body mass index, emotional eating, depression, anxiety, and stress were all assessed with each participant prior to each baseline (three weekly sessions), during treatment and posttherapy. At the 8-week follow-up, the two cases that had received DBT had lost 10.1% and 7.6% of their initial body weight, whereas the two cases that had received CBT had lost 0.7% and 0.6% of their initial body weight. The two DBT cases also exhibited reductions in emotional distress, frequency of emotional eating or quantity of food eating in response to emotions, whereas the two CBT cases showed no overall reductions in these areas. Important processes from all four cases are described as are the implications to clinicians for developing more effective interventions for obese clients who engage in emotional eating.

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Gschwendner, Tobias, Wilhelm Hofmann, and Manfred Schmitt. "Convergent and Predictive Validity of Implicit and Explicit Anxiety Measures as a Function of Specificity Similarity and Content Similarity." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 24, no. 4 (January 2008): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.24.4.254.

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In the present study we applied a validation strategy for implicit measures like the IAT, which complements multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analyses. As the measurement method (implicit vs. explicit) and underlying representation format (associative vs. propositional) are often confounded, the validation of implicit measures has to go beyond MTMM analysis and requires substantive theoretical models. In the present study (N = 133), we employed such a model ( Hofmann, Gschwendner, Nosek, & Schmitt, 2005 ) and investigated two moderator constructs in the realm of anxiety: specificity similarity and content similarity. In the first session, different general and specific anxiety measures were administered, among them an Implicit Association Test (IAT) general anxiety, an IAT-spider anxiety, and an IAT that assesses speech anxiety. In the second session, participants had to deliver a speech and behavioral indicators of speech anxiety were measured. Results showed that (a) implicit and explicit anxiety measures correlated significantly only on the same specification level and if they measured the same content, and (b) specific anxiety measures best predicted concrete anxious behavior. These results are discussed regarding the validation of implicit measures.

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Baghmalek, Ayatollah Karimi, and Foroogh Mahigir. "The effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Reducing Mathematics Anxiety." International Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry 7, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-6233.2019.00009.9.

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Huppert, Jonathan D., Deborah Roth Ledley, and Edna B. Foa. "The use of homework in behavior therapy for anxiety disorders." Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 16, no. 2 (2006): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1053-0479.16.2.128.

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Chorpita, Bruce F., Alissa A. Taylor, Sarah E. Francis, Catherine Moffitt, and Ayda A. Austin. "Efficacy of modular cognitive behavior therapy for childhood anxiety disorders." Behavior Therapy 35, no. 2 (2004): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80039-x.

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Brewin, Chris R. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY FOR ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION." Annual Review of Psychology 47, no. 1 (February 1996): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.33.

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