Journal articles: 'Speech attenuation'

1

Eastmond, Bruce C. "Speech operated noise attenuation device." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 1 (July 1993): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406942.

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Kurz, Anja, Mark Flynn, Marco Caversaccio, and Martin Kompis. "Speech Understanding with a New Implant Technology: A Comparative Study with a New Nonskin Penetrating Baha System." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/416205.

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Objective.To compare hearing and speech understanding between a new, nonskin penetrating Baha system (Baha Attract) to the current Baha system using a skin-penetrating abutment.Methods.Hearing and speech understanding were measured in 16 experienced Baha users. The transmission path via the abutment was compared to a simulated Baha Attract transmission path by attaching the implantable magnet to the abutment and then by adding a sample of artificial skin and the external parts of the Baha Attract system. Four different measurements were performed: bone conduction thresholds directly through the sound processor (BC Direct), aided sound field thresholds, aided speech understanding in quiet, and aided speech understanding in noise.Results.The simulated Baha Attract transmission path introduced an attenuation starting from approximately 5 dB at 1000 Hz, increasing to 20–25 dB above 6000 Hz. However, aided sound field threshold shows smaller differences and aided speech understanding in quiet and in noise does not differ significantly between the two transmission paths.Conclusion.The Baha Attract system transmission path introduces predominately high frequency attenuation. This attenuation can be partially compensated by adequate fitting of the speech processor. No significant decrease in speech understanding in either quiet or in noise was found.

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Ito, Takayuki, Hiroki Ohashi, and Vincent L. Gracco. "Changes of orofacial somatosensory attenuation during speech production." Neuroscience Letters 730 (June 2020): 135045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135045.

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Wright, Diana C., and Tom Frank. "Attenuation Values for a Supra-Aural." Ear and Hearing 13, no. 6 (December 1992): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199212000-00011.

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Casall, John Gordon. "Technology Advancements in Hearing Protection: Active Noise Reduction, Frequency/Amplitude-Sensitivity, and Uniform Attenuation." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 3 (October 1992): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118192786751880.

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Conventional hearing protection devices have often been implicated in compromised auditory perception, degraded signal detection, and reduced speech communication abilities. Recent technological developments have been used to augment hearing protectors in an attempt to alleviate these problems for the user, while at the same time providing adequate attenuation. Operational characteristics, design features, performance data, and applications for active noise reduction, sound transmission, frequency-selective, adjustable attenuation, amplitude-sensitive, and uniform attenuation devices are discussed.

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HyeJin Cho. "Attenuation Strategies of Directive Speech Acts in Historias del Kronen." Korean Journal of Hispanic Studies 10, no. 2 (November 2017): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18217/kjhs.10.2.201711.145.

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Letowski, Tomasz, Donna M. Magistro, and Amy C. Ritter. "Most Comfortable Listening Level and Speech Attenuation by Hearing Protectors." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 1, no. 2 (January 1995): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.1995.11076312.

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Liu, Hanjun, Yi Xu, and Charles R. Larson. "Attenuation of vocal responses to pitch perturbations during Mandarin speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3081523.

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Hongisto, Valtteri, and Jukka Keränen. "Comfort Distance—A Single-Number Quantity Describing Spatial Attenuation in Open-Plan Offices." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 4596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104596.

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ISO 3382-3 is globally used to determine the room acoustic conditions of open-plan offices using in situ measurements. The key outcomes of the standard are three single-number quantities: distraction distance, rD, A-weighted sound pressure level of speech, Lp,A,S,4m, and spatial decay rate of speech, D2,S. Quantities Lp,A,S,4m and D2,S describe the attenuation properties of the office due to room and furniture absorption and geometry. Our purpose is to introduce a new single-number quantity, comfort distance rC, which integrates the quantities Lp,A,S,4m and D2,S. It describes the distance from an omnidirectional loudspeaker where the A-weighted sound pressure level of normal speech falls below 45 dB. The study explains why the comfort criterion level is set to 45 dB, explores the comfort distances in 185 offices reported in previous studies. Based on published data, the rC values lie typically within 3 m (strong attenuation) and 30 m (weak attenuation). Based on this data, a classification scheme was proposed. The new quantity could benefit the revised version of ISO 3382-3.

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Pirzanski, Chester, Marshall Chasin, Mary Klenk, Vince Maye, and Julie Purdy. "Attenuation variables in earmolds for hearing protection devices." Hearing Journal 53, no. 6 (June 2000): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00025572-200006000-00006.

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Sklare, Daniel A., and Larry J. Denenberg. "Interaural Attenuation for Tubephone® Insert Earphones." Ear and Hearing 8, no. 5 (October 1987): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-198710000-00008.

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Jung, Oliver. "Assessment of Conversational Speech Quality Inside Vehicles, Concerning Influences of Room Acoustics and Driving Noises." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918530.

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This study considers the influences of room acoustics and driving noises in vehicle interiors on the subjectively perceived acoustical quality of conversations between passengers. A listening test with 25 participants was performed inside a laboratory to assess the impact of different vehicle interior transfer functions on the speech quality assessment in four predetermined dimensions. Idealized driving noises at three different vehicle speeds were presented simultaneously with speech samples to quantify the interferences of these noise conditions with varied signal-to-noise ratios. To minimize the influence of different human speakers, four talkers (two male and two female) were selected from commercially available audio books. The respective speech samples were adjusted in level and long-term average speech spectrum to the common values of conversational speech. The automatic reflex of raising one's voice in noisy environments, called “Lombard Effect” [1], was taken into account for an additional adjustment of speech levels while driving noises were present. A strong relationship between the speech-to-noise ratio and the test participants' evaluations was found. Thus, one can assume that the speech signals' attenuation or amplification caused by the different room acoustics of the tested vehicles play a more important role for a sufficient speech quality than the varied speech timbre or other parameters. Only at very high speech-to-noise ratios ( ≥ 20 dB with A-weighting), room-acoustical parameters such as IACC or the reverberation time are more determining for the speech quality appreciation than the speech's sound pressure level.

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AKAI, SADAYASU. "Bilateral inter-auricular attenuation amount of earphones in speech articulation examinations." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 32, no. 5 (1989): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.32.433.

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Frank, Tom, and Diana C. Wright. "Attenuation Provided by Four Different Audiometric Earphone Systems." Ear and Hearing 11, no. 1 (February 1990): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199002000-00014.

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Urquhart, Ryan L., and John G. Casali. "Communications in Severe Low-Frequency Noise: An Investigation of Microphone Type and Speech Level on Intelligibility and Attenuation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 19 (September 2005): 1771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901904.

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Severe (114 dBA) low-frequency-biased noise, characteristic of military tracked vehicles, was used to examine the speech intelligibility and cognitive effects of at-ear noise reductions provided by contrasting microphone technologies. Using two communications microphones (hereafter, “CommMicl and CommMic2”) intended for U.S. Army tank crew members, participants underwent Modified Rhyme intelligibility tests and Complex Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB) tests simultaneously in the noise environment while immersed in loading tasks. Results indicated that CommMic2 reduced the noise level at the ear by about 2 dB more than CommMicl. However, CommMicl yielded significantly better speech intelligibility at a 96 dB speech level. CCAB performance showed an increasing trend with higher speech levels for both communication microphones, but only significantly so for CommMicl. Speech level and communication microphone type did not have an effect on perceived mental workload.

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Casall, John G., and Daniel W. Gower. "Communications Headset Augmentation via Active Noise Cancellation: Attenuation and Speech Intelligibility Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 9 (October 1993): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700908.

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Active noise cancellation (ANC) techniques utilize electronic circuitry to provide a phase-inverted sound wave, or “anti-noise,” to physically cancel the energy in an offending noise. This technique, originally used for abatement of noise in sound fields, has recently been refined and adapted to headset communications systems to 1) improve the speech/noise (S/N) ratio at the ear, and 2) reduce the noise exposure threat to hearing. ANC poses several important human factors issues encompassing speech intelligibility performance, attenuation performance, reliability and maintainability, and appropriateness of application to specific noise problems, all of which are addressed briefly in this paper. Also discussed is an experiment using a Bose Aviation Headset in its ANC mode, a Bose Aviation Headset in its non-active mode, and a conventional (non-ANC) David Clark H10-76 Headset. The Bose ANC unit required a significantly higher S/N ratio in tank and pink noise environments than the two passive headset systems to maintain equal intelligibility at a 70% level, in part due to its stronger noise reduction and a higher required speech level. In regard to hearing protection performance, the ANC device exhibited a distinct advantage, resulting in lower projected OSHA daily noise doses than either passive headset, with the largest increment in protection occurring in the low frequency-biased tank noise.

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Merry, Carol J., Curt W. Sizemore, and John R. Franks. "The Effect of Fitting Procedure on Hearing Protector Attenuation." Ear and Hearing 13, no. 1 (February 1992): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199202000-00005.

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Henry, Paula, and Ashley Foots. "Comparison of User Volume Control Settings for Portable Music Players with Three Earphone Configurations in Quiet and Noisy Environments." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, no. 03 (March 2012): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.3.5.

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Background: Listening to music is one of the most common forms of recreational noise exposure. Previous investigators have demonstrated that maximum output levels from headphones can exceed safe levels. Although preferred listening levels (PLL) in quiet environments may be at acceptable levels, the addition of background noise will add to the overall noise exposure of a listener. Use of listening devices that block out some of the background noise would potentially allow listeners to select lower PLLs for their music. Although one solution is in-the-ear earphones, an alternative solution is the use of earmuffs in conjunction with earbuds. Purpose: There were two objectives to this experiment. The first was to determine if an alternative to in-the-ear earphones for noise attenuation (the addition of earmuffs to earbuds) would allow for lower PLLs through a portable media player (PMP) than earbuds. The second was to determine if a surrounding background noise would yield different PLLs than a directional noise source. Research Design: This was an experimental study. Study Sample: Twenty-four adults with normal hearing. Data Collection and Analysis: PLLs were measured for three earphone configurations in three listening conditions. The earphone configurations included earbuds, canal earphones, and earbuds in combination with hearing protection devices (HPDs). The listening conditions included quiet, noise from one loudspeaker, and noise from four surrounding loudspeakers. Participants listened in each noise and earphone combination for as long as they needed to determine their PLL for that condition. Once the participant determined their PLL, investigators made a 5 sec recording of the music through a probe tube microphone. The average PLLs in each noise and earphone combination were used as the dependent variable. Ear canal level PLLs were converted to free-field equivalents to compare to noise exposure standards and previously published data. Results: The average PLL as measured in the ear canal was 74 dBA in the quiet conditions and 84 dBA in the noise conditions. Paired comparisons of the PLL in the presence of background noise for each pair of earphone configurations indicated significant differences for each comparison. An inverse relationship was observed between attenuation and PLL whereby the greater the attenuation, the lower the PLL. A comparison of the single noise source condition versus the surrounding noise condition did not result in a significant effect. Conclusion: The present work suggests that earphones that take advantage of noise attenuation can reduce the level at which listeners set music in the presence of background noise. An alternative to in-the-ear earphones for noise attenuation is the addition of earmuffs to earbuds.

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Kopun, Judy G., Patricia G. Stelmachowicz, Edward Carney, and Laura Schulte. "Coupling of FM Systems to Individuals With Unilateral Hearing Loss." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 1 (February 1992): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3501.201.

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This study examined the attenuation characteristics of five FM system sound delivery options for a group of 10 adults and 15 children (5–13 years). Sound delivery options included a tube-fitting, lightweight headphones, a CROS earmold with tubing, a CROS earmold with a snap-ring, and a standard snap-ring earmold with a vent. Attenuation was defined as the difference between probe-tube microphone measures of the ear canal resonance and the SPL in the ear canal with each sound delivery option in place. A statistically significant but clinically inconsequential difference in attenuation for the CROS earmold with tubing was noted between adults and children. No significant differences in attenuation for any of the other sound delivery options were noted between adults and children. An investigation of the relationship between magnitude of attenuation and percentage of the ear canal occluded suggests that degree of occlusion is a major factor in determining degree of attenuation provided by a particular sound delivery option. Results also indicate that significant attenuation of high-frequency signals can occur with earmolds commonly considered nonoccluding. Caution should be used in fitting hearing aids or FM systems to individuals with normal high-frequency hearing sensitivity to prevent attenuation of unamplified high-frequency speech information.

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Rahne, Torsten, Laura Fröhlich, Stefan Plontke, and Luise Wagner. "Influence of surgical and N95 face masks on speech perception and listening effort in noise." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): e0253874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253874.

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Daily-life conversation relies on speech perception in quiet and noise. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have become mandatory in many situations. Acoustic attenuation of sound pressure by the mask tissue reduces speech perception ability, especially in noisy situations. Masks also can impede the process of speech comprehension by concealing the movements of the mouth, interfering with lip reading. In this prospective observational, cross-sectional study including 17 participants with normal hearing, we measured the influence of acoustic attenuation caused by medical face masks (mouth and nose protection) according to EN 14683 and of N95 masks according to EN 1149 (EN 14683) on the speech recognition threshold and listening effort in various types of background noise. Averaged over all noise signals, a surgical mask significantly reduced the speech perception threshold in noise was by 1.6 dB (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0, 2.1) and an N95 mask reduced it significantly by 2.7 dB (95% CI, 2.2, 3.2). Use of a surgical mask did not significantly increase the 50% listening effort signal-to-noise ratio (increase of 0.58 dB; 95% CI, 0.4, 1.5), but use of an N95 mask did so significantly, by 2.2 dB (95% CI, 1.2, 3.1). In acoustic measures, mask tissue reduced amplitudes by up to 8 dB at frequencies above 1 kHz, whereas no reduction was observed below 1 kHz. We conclude that face masks reduce speech perception and increase listening effort in different noise signals. Together with additional interference because of impeded lip reading, the compound effect of face masks could have a relevant impact on daily life communication even in those with normal hearing.

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Claes, Annes, Rajae Bouzegta, Vincent Van Rompaey, Olivier Vanderveken, Paul Van de Heyning, and Griet Mertens. "Bone Conduction Trial Device to Eliminate the Effect of Transcranial Attenuation: A Prospective Observational Study in Single-Sided Deaf Subjects." Audiology and Neurotology 25, no. 5 (2020): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503844.

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Objectives: The contact miniTM (CM) is a nonimplantable, digital bone conduction device (BCD) consisting of 2 isolated units: an electronic housing, including the microphone, and a vibrator housing. The study investigated whether the CM can be used as an alternative test device for a BCD trial in single-sided deaf (SSD) adults with the microphone placed at the SSD ear and the vibrator at the normal-hearing (NH) ear (i.e., cross position). Methods: Twenty SSD adults (mean age: 50 [±13.2] years) participated in a 2-week BCD trial with the CM on the headband in cross position. Prior to the trial, the subjects performed adaptive speech-in-noise tests in an unaided condition. After the trial, speech-in-noise tests were performed with the CM in cross position (CMcross) and ipsilateral position, i.e., both units at the SSD ear (CMipsi). Five different speech-in-noise configurations were used (S0N0; S0NNH; S0NSSD; S0°NNH+SSD; and SSSDNNH). Speech reception thresholds (SRT) were analyzed comparing the unaided, the CMcross condition, and the CMipsi condition. Results: Friedman’s test revealed no significant differences in SRTs between the CMcross, CMipsi, and the unaided condition for the S0N0, S0NNH, S0NSSD, and S0°NNH+SSD configuration. However, in the SSSDNNH configuration, a significant effect was found (p < 0.001). Wilcoxon pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction indicated that SRTs in the CMcross condition were significantly lower (i.e., better speech understanding) than those in the unaided (p < 0.001) and the CMipsi condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The CM may be a good alternative for patients with SSD, resulting in significantly better speech recognition when noise is presented to the NH ear and speech to the SSD ear. As the speech recognition results are better in the cross than the ipsilateral position, the CMcross might help to overcome the negative effect of transcranial attenuation during BCD trials.

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Sayler, Stephanie K., Peter M. Rabinowitz, Deron Galusha, Kan Sun, and Richard L. Neitzel. "Hearing Protector Attenuation and Noise Exposure Among Metal Manufacturing Workers." Ear and Hearing 40, no. 3 (2019): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000650.

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Franks, John R., Daniel P. Engel, and Christa L. Themann. "Real Ear Attenuation at Threshold for Three Audiometric Headphone Devices." Ear and Hearing 13, no. 1 (February 1992): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199202000-00004.

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Snapp, Hillary A., Kari E. Morgenstein, Fred F. Telischi, and Simon Angeli. "Transcranial Attenuation in Patients with Single-Sided Deafness." Audiology and Neurotology 21, no. 4 (2016): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447044.

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Transcranial attenuation (TA) of bone-conducted sound has a high degree of variability by frequency and subject, which may play a role in the objective benefit of individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD) treated with a bone-anchored implant (BAI). This study sought to determine whether TA is predictive of benefit in individuals with SSD who receive a BAI. Adult, English-speaking patients with unilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss who underwent a BAI evaluation were included for study. Absolute TA values were consistent with previously published reports. Regression analysis indicated no correlation between TA values and aided speech-in-noise performance for any combined or individual frequencies. Measures of TA do not provide predictive value in determining behavioral outcomes in the SSD population. Specifically, low TA does not suggest improved outcomes with a BAI.

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Margolis, Robert H., and Brandon Madsen. "The Acoustic Test Environment for Hearing Testing." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 09 (October 2015): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14072.

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Background: Audiology clinics traditionally employ expensive, prefabricated sound rooms to create an environment that is sufficiently quiet for accurate hearing tests. There is seldom any analysis of the need for or benefit from such enclosures. There may be less expensive methods that would decrease the cost of and increase access to hearing testing. Purpose: This report provides information concerning the need for and effectiveness of sound rooms and an analysis of the audiometric test ranges for various earphone/room combinations. Research Design: Acoustic measurements made in four rooms were analyzed with the attenuation provided by various earphone designs to determine the maximum permissible ambient noise levels and the corresponding audiometric test ranges. Study Sample: The measurements and calculations were performed with four test rooms and five earphone designs. Data Collection and Analysis: Ambient noise levels and earphone attenuation characteristics were used to calculate the noise levels that reach the ear. Those were compared to the maximum permissible ambient noise levels that are provided in ANSI S3.1-1999 or calculated from measured attenuation levels. These measurements were used to calculate testable ranges for each room/earphone combination. Results: The various room/earphone combinations resulted in minimum test levels that ranged from −10 to 20 dB HL at various test frequencies. Conclusions: When the actual benefits of expensive prefabricated sound rooms are assessed based on the range of hearing levels that can be tested, the effectiveness of that approach becomes highly questionable. Less expensive methods based on planning the clinic space, use of inexpensive sound treatments, and selecting an appropriate earphone can be effective in almost any space that would be used for hearing testing.

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Letowski, Tomasz, Norman Burstein, Jeff Clark, Lynn Romanowski, and Ann Sevec. "Most Comfortable Loudness Shift as a Measure of Speech Attenuation by Hearing Protectors." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 56, no. 4 (April 1995): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428119591016971.

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Hashimoto, Masahiro, Masaharu Kumashiro, and Shinji Miyake. "Speech perception in noise when wearing hearing protectors with little low-frequency attenuation." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 18, no. 2-3 (September 1996): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(95)00074-7.

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Munro, Kevin J., and Alia Contractor. "Inter-aural attenuation with insert earphones." International Journal of Audiology 49, no. 10 (August 25, 2010): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2010.497940.

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Hertrich, Ingo, Klaus Mathiak, Werner Lutzenberger, and Hermann Ackermann. "Time Course of Early Audiovisual Interactions during Speech and Nonspeech Central Auditory Processing: A Magnetoencephalography Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 2 (February 2009): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21019.

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Cross-modal fusion phenomena suggest specific interactions of auditory and visual sensory information both within the speech and nonspeech domains. Using whole-head magnetoencephalography, this study recorded M50 and M100 fields evoked by ambiguous acoustic stimuli that were visually disambiguated to perceived /ta/ or /pa/ syllables. As in natural speech, visual motion onset preceded the acoustic signal by 150 msec. Control conditions included visual and acoustic nonspeech signals as well as visual-only and acoustic-only stimuli. (a) Both speech and nonspeech motion yielded a consistent attenuation of the auditory M50 field, suggesting a visually induced “preparatory baseline shift” at the level of the auditory cortex. (b) Within the temporal domain of the auditory M100 field, visual speech and nonspeech motion gave rise to different response patterns (nonspeech: M100 attenuation; visual /pa/: left-hemisphere M100 enhancement; /ta/: no effect). (c) These interactions could be further decomposed using a six-dipole model. One of these three pairs of dipoles (V270) was fitted to motion-induced activity at a latency of 270 msec after motion onset, that is, the time domain of the auditory M100 field, and could be attributed to the posterior insula. This dipole source responded to nonspeech motion and visual /pa/, but was found suppressed in the case of visual /ta/. Such a nonlinear interaction might reflect the operation of a binary distinction between the marked phonological feature “labial” versus its underspecified competitor “coronal.” Thus, visual processing seems to be shaped by linguistic data structures even prior to its fusion with auditory information channel.

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Korhonen, Petri, Francis Kuk, Eric Seper, Martin Mørkebjerg, and Majken Roikjer. "Evaluation of a Wind Noise Attenuation Algorithm on Subjective Annoyance and Speech-in-Wind Performance." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 28, no. 01 (January 2017): 046–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.15135.

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AbstractWind noise is a common problem reported by hearing aid wearers. The MarkeTrak VIII reported that 42% of hearing aid wearers are not satisfied with the performance of their hearing aids in situations where wind is present.The current study investigated the effect of a new wind noise attenuation (WNA) algorithm on subjective annoyance and speech recognition in the presence of wind.A single-blinded, repeated measures design was used.Fifteen experienced hearing aid wearers with bilaterally symmetrical (≤10 dB) mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated in the study.Subjective rating for wind noise annoyance was measured for wind presented alone from 0° and 290° at wind speeds of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 m/sec. Phoneme identification performance was measured using Widex Office of Clinical Amplification Nonsense Syllable Test presented at 60, 65, 70, and 75 dB SPL from 270° in the presence of wind originating from 0° at a speed of 5 m/sec.The subjective annoyance from wind noise was reduced for wind originating from 0° at wind speeds from 4 to 7 m/sec. The largest improvement in phoneme identification with the WNA algorithm was 48.2% when speech was presented from 270° at 65 dB SPL and the wind originated from 0° azimuth at 5 m/sec.The WNA algorithm used in this study reduced subjective annoyance for wind speeds ranging from 4 to 7 m/sec. The algorithm was effective in improving speech identification in the presence of wind originating from 0° at 5 m/sec. These results suggest that the WNA algorithm used in the current study could expand the range of real-life situations where a hearing-impaired person can use the hearing aid optimally.

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Rossi, Mario N. "Speech Intelligibility and Confidentiality in Open Premises." Building Acoustics 1, no. 3 (September 1994): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9400100303.

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This article presents the results of an acoustic study in open premises in banks, where the main problem is to guarantee the confidentiality of the conversations between the customers and the bank advisor. The open architectural concept considered here is a generalisation the “Garden office”: although it does give concrete expression to the desire for openness and availability to the public, it poses new difficulties on an acoustic level. How can we in fact avoid the conversations being heard in an area that has neither doors nor complete partitions and for which the main characteristic is precisely to have as few partitions as possible? Based on measurements carried out in premises of this type, we have been able to establish the quantities that best characterise the situation. We observed that the intelligibility still remained good despite the attenuation brought about by the addition of screens, which obviously meant that the confidentiality could not be guaranteed. Once this was established, a certain amount of acoustic layouts were defined – which should already be defined during the pilot phase - that were able to reconcile the need for openness to the public with the confidentiality of the conversations.

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Schumaker, Noah, and Andrew Barnard. "Experimental determination of the acoustical effects of face masks on speech effort." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3510.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global trend in mask wearing. This study investigates how wearing face masks influence the output levels of the human vocal range. Masks were equipped onto a test fixture to evaluate acoustic insertion loss over whole-octave bands important for vocal transmission. With the exception of face shield, tested masks showed less than 2 dB of insertion loss at frequencies less than 2 kHz and up to 5 dB of attenuation at frequencies above 2 kHz. The face shield showed insertion loss of more than 10 dB in the 4 and 8 kHz octave bands.

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Pfiffner, Flurin, Martin Kompis, Mark Flynn, Kristian Åsnes, Andreas Arnold, and Christof Stieger. "Benefits of Low-Frequency Attenuation of Baha® in Single-Sided Sensorineural Deafness." Ear and Hearing 32, no. 1 (February 2011): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0b013e3181ecd002.

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Murphy, WilliamJ, MarkR Stephenson, DavidC Byrne, Brad Witt, and Jesse Duran. "Effects of training on hearing protector attenuation." Noise and Health 13, no. 51 (2011): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.77215.

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Oppenheim, Gary M. "The case for subphonemic attenuation in inner speech: Comment on Corley, Brocklehurst, and Moat (2011)." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 38, no. 2 (2012): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025257.

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Van Campen, Luann E., Carol A. Sammeth, and Barbara F. Peek. "Interaural Attenuation Using Etymotic ER-3A Insert Earphones in Auditory Brain Stem Response Testing." Ear and Hearing 11, no. 1 (February 1990): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-199002000-00013.

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Snik, Ad F. M., Andy J. Beynon, Catharina T. M. van der Pouw, Emmanuel A. M. Mylanus, and Cor W. R. J. Cremers. "Binaural Application of the Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 3 (March 1998): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700301.

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Most, but not all, hearing-impaired patients with air conduction hearing aids prefer binaural amplification instead of monaural amplification. The binaural application of the bone conduction hearing aid is more disputable, because the attenuation (in decibels) of sound waves across the skull is so small (10 dB) that even one bone conduction hearing aid will stimulate both cochleas approximately to the same extent. Binaural fitting of the bone-anchored hearing aid was studied in three experienced bone-anchored hearing aid users. The experiments showed that sound localization, and speech recognition in quiet and also under certain noisy conditions improved significantly with binaural listening compared to the monaural listening condition. On the average, the percentage of correct identifications (within 45°) in the sound localization experiment improved by 53% with binaural listening; the speech reception threshold in quiet improved by 4.4 dB. The binaural advantage in the speech-in-noise test was comparable to that of a control group of subjects with normal hearing listening monaurally versus binaurally. The improvements in the scores were ascribed to diotic summation (improved speech recognition in quiet) and the ability to separate sounds in the binaural listening condition (improved sound localization and improved speech recognition in noise whenever the speech and noise signals came from different directions). All three patients preferred the binaural bone-anchored hearing aids and used them all day.

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Mani, Kumar Vyonkesh, Neeru Kapoor, Devasharma Nayak, and Bhuvnesh Kumar. "Performance Evaluation of Aviation Headset in Indian Army." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 3 (June 25, 2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.12911.

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<p>Passive hearing protective devices, referred also as ear defenders, work by obstructing noise propagation through the ear canal of the receiver. These gadgets are a popular choice as they offer high attenuation over a broad frequency range, though at times inadequately, especially in the low frequency region, as per International Standards of occupational exposure to noise. Upward masking of speech signal by low frequency noise also degrades the intelligibility of speech in noise that may lead to decrement in performance and hamper the safety of individuals<br />working in noisy occupational environments. Active noise reducing hearing protective devices lend the possibility of avoiding these problems particularly where the major acoustic energy is centered at low frequencies, rendering these active contraptions a powerful tool in preventing noise induced hearing loss without hampering speech/oral<br />communication. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to investigate the potential of Telex Stratus 30 Headset in providing protection against noise induced hearing loss and to evaluate its efficacy in improving the speech intelligibility of our Armed forces personnel working in different noise spectral environments</p>

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Jastreboff, Pawel J., Shengtai Zhou, Margaret M. Jastreboff, Urszula Kwapisz, and Urszula Gryczynska. "Attenuation of Salicylate-lnduced Tinnitus by Ginkgo biloba Extract in Rats." Audiology and Neurotology 2, no. 4 (1997): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000259244.

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Seraku, Tohru, and Takako Akiha. "Poi in Japanese Wakamono Kotoba ‘youth language’: A view from attenuation at the speech-act dimension." Lingua 224 (June 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2019.03.009.

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Oestreich, Lena K. L., Nathan G. Mifsud, Judith M. Ford, Brian J. Roach, Daniel H. Mathalon, and Thomas J. Whitford. "Subnormal sensory attenuation to self-generated speech in schizotypy: Electrophysiological evidence for a ‘continuum of psychosis’." International Journal of Psychophysiology 97, no. 2 (August 2015): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.05.014.

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Nanri, Satoshi, Taishi Shinobu, Sho Otsuka, and Seiji Nakagawa. "Intelligibility of bone-conducted speech detected on the scalp." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2689.

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Bone-conduction microphones (BCMs) can detect speakers' voices with high signal-to-noise ratio even under extremely noisy environments like a machine factory or an engine room of a watercraft. BCMs are ordinarily attached to the front of the neck (larynx), therefore, it is sometimes accompanied by discomfort and esthetic problems. In order to solve such problems, we have been developing a novel BCM system built in a helmet, however, characteristics of bone-conducted speech detected on the scalp need to be clarified. In this study, mono-syllable articulations of bone-conducted speech detected at several locations on the head and neck were measured. Also, the speech transmission index (STI), objective measure of signal transmission quality, was calculated. The results indicated that the forehead and the vertex showed better articulation and STI than the mastoid process of the temporal bone, the mandibular condyle, and the occiput. In terms of the gender difference, the forehead and the vertex showed higher scores for the male voice, whereas the cheek showed the highest for the female voice. Additionally, the larynx showed lower scores than others. These results indicated that the attenuation of high-frequency components are smaller at the forehead and the vertex.

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Wolfe, Jace, Erin Schafer, Emily Mills, Andrew John, Mary Hudson, and Solange Anderson. "Evaluation of the Benefits of Binaural Hearing on the Telephone for Children with Hearing Loss." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 01 (January 2015): 093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.1.10.

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Background: There is a paucity of published studies examining how children with hearing loss understand speech over the telephone. Previous studies on adults with hearing aids have suggested that adults with bilateral hearing aids experience significant difficulty recognizing speech on the telephone when listening with one ear, but the provision of telephone input to both ears substantially improved speech understanding. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to measure speech recognition in quiet and in noise for a group of older children with hearing loss over the telephone and to evaluate the effects of binaural hearing (e.g., DuoPhone) on speech recognition over the telephone. Research Design: A cross-sectional, repeated-measures design was used in this study. Study Sample: A total of 14 children, ages 6–14 yr, participated in the study. Participants were obtained using convenience sampling from a nonprofit clinic population. Intervention: Speech recognition in quiet and in noise with binaural versus monaural telephone input was compared in pediatric participants. Data Collection and Analysis: Monosyllabic word recognition was assessed in quiet and classroom noise set at 50 dBA in conditions with monaural and binaural (DuoPhone) telephone input. Results: The children’s speech recognition in quiet and in noise was significantly better with binaural telephone input relative to monaural telephone input. Conclusions: To obtain optimal performance on the telephone, the following considerations may apply: (1) use of amplification with binaural streaming capabilities (e.g., DuoPhone), (2) counseling of family and children on how to best use the telephone, (3) provision of telecoil with microphone attenuation for improved signal-to-noise ratio, and (4) use of probe tube measures to verify the appropriateness of the telephone programs.

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Rämö, Jussi, and Vesa Välimäki. "Digital Augmented Reality Audio Headset." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/457374.

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Augmented reality audio (ARA) combines virtual sound sources with the real sonic environment of the user. An ARA system can be realized with a headset containing binaural microphones. Ideally, the ARA headset should be acoustically transparent, that is, it should not cause audible modification to the surrounding sound. A practical implementation of an ARA mixer requires a low-latency headphone reproduction system with additional equalization to compensate for the attenuation and the modified ear canal resonances caused by the headphones. This paper proposes digital IIR filters to realize the required equalization and evaluates a real-time prototype ARA system. Measurements show that the throughput latency of the digital prototype ARA system can be less than 1.4 ms, which is sufficiently small in practice. When the direct and processed sounds are combined in the ear, a comb filtering effect is brought about and appears as notches in the frequency response. The comb filter effect in speech and music signals was studied in a listening test and it was found to be inaudible when the attenuation is 20 dB. Insert ARA headphones have a sufficient attenuation at frequencies above about 1 kHz. The proposed digital ARA system enables several immersive audio applications, such as a virtual audio tourist guide and audio teleconferencing.

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Fray, Sarah M., and Linda M. Thibodeau. "The Acoustic Transparency of Waterproof Smartphone Cases." Seminars in Hearing 41, no. 04 (November 2020): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718716.

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AbstractPhone use is a critical communication event in many people's lives. Audiologists have aimed to assist individuals with hearing loss and phone usage through the use of technology and counseling. To counsel effectively, all contributions to hearing difficulty on the phone must be considered, including the effects of smartphone cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on dB output caused by waterproof smartphone cases that cover the ear-level speaker. One waterproof case was tested with three smartphones, two iPhones, and one Android. A second waterproof case was tested with the two iPhones. Results revealed there was significant attenuation of the audio-signal by both waterproof smartphone cases that was great enough in one case/phone combination to potentially result in a complete lack of intelligibility of the signal.

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Tapia, Maria C., Leo G. Cohen, and Arnold Starr. "Attenuation of Auditory-Evoked Potentials during Voluntary Movement in Man." International Journal of Audiology 26, no. 6 (January 1987): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00206098709081565.

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Plomp, Reinier. "A Signal-to-Noise Ratio Model for the Speech-Reception Threshold of the Hearing Impaired." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 29, no. 2 (June 1986): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2902.146.

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This paper reviews the results of a series of investigations inspired by a model of the speech-reception threshold (SRT) of hearing-impaired listeners. The model contains two parameters accounting for the SRT of normal-hearing listeners (SRT in quiet and signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the threshold at high noise levels), two parameters describing the hearing loss (attenuation and threshold elevation in terms of signal-to-noise ratio), and three parameters describing the hearing aid (acoustic gain, threshold elevation expressed in signal-to-noise ratio, and equivalent internal noise level). Experimental data are reported for three different types of hearing impairment: presbycusis, hearing losses with a pathological origin, and noise-induced losses. The model gives an excellent description of the data. It demonstrates that for many hearing-impaired persons speech intelligibility at noise levels beyond 50 to 60 dB(A) is their main problem, whereas hearing aids are most effective below that noise level.

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Lampert, Martina. "Attention to Quotation(s): From Activation to Inhibition." Cognitive Semantics 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2017): 182–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00302003.

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In the spirit of Talmy’s recent remark on desirable extensions of cognitive semantics into discourse analysis and multimodality, this paper outlines an agenda for framing quotation as an attention- and modality-sensitive phenomenon. A quotation’s distinct discourse function by itself – naturally – calls for an attention-driven analysis, and the representational subsystems of language yield modality-specific manifestations: Conventionalized figural delimiters prompt quotations’ metalinguistic and verbatim status in writing, while in (casual) speech they tend to stand out through vocal dynamics and visible bodily actions. With recourse to Talmy’s attention-based trigger-and-target construct, I will scrutinize a cross-section of videotaped samples of quoting by experienced us speakers from different speech genres in public settings, to demonstrate orally performed quotations’ responsiveness to attentional gradience: Exhibiting patterns of activation, attenuation, inhibition, and sustainment in indexing ‘the other voice,’ the case studies illustrate multiple effects of fore- and backgrounding ensuing from the different modalities’ complex interactions.

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Megerian, Cliff A., Robert F. Burkard, and Michael E. Ravicz. "A Method for Determining Interaural Attenuation in Animal Models of Asymmetric Hearing Loss." Audiology and Neurotology 1, no. 4 (1996): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000259203.

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Schädler, Marc René. "Thoughts on the potential to compensate a hearing loss in noise." F1000Research 10 (April 22, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51784.1.

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Background: The effect of hearing impairment on speech perception was described by Plomp (1978) as a sum of a loss of class A, due to signal attenuation, and a loss of class D, due to signal distortion. While a loss of class A can be compensated by linear amplification, a loss of class D, which severely limits the benefit of hearing aids in noisy listening conditions, cannot. The hearing loss of class D is assumed to be the main reason why not few users of hearing aids keep complaining about the limited benefit of their devices in noisy environments. Working compensation strategies against it are unknown. Methods: Recently, in an approach to model human speech recognition by means of a re-purposed automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, the loss of class D was explained by introducing a level uncertainty which reduces the individual accuracy of spectro-temporal signal levels. Based on this finding, an implementation of a patented dynamic range manipulation scheme (PLATT) is proposed which aims to mitigate the effect of increased level uncertainty on speech recognition in noise by expanding spectral modulation patterns in the range of 2 to 4 ERB. This compensation approach is objectively evaluated regarding the benefit in speech recognition thresholds in noise using the ASR-based speech recognition model. Recommendations for an evaluation with human listeners are derived. Results: The objective evaluation suggests that approximately half of the class D loss due to an increased level uncertainty might be compensable. To measure the effect with human listeners, an experiment needs to be carefully designed to prevent the confusion class A and D loss compensations. Conclusions: A working compensation strategy for the class D loss could provide previously unexploited potential for relief. Evidence has to be provided in experiments with human listeners.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Speech attenuation'

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