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Journal articles on the topic 'Speech Codes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Gill, Ann M. "Revising Campus Speech Codes." Free Speech Yearbook 31, no. 1 (January 1993): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997225.1993.10556157.

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2

Riley, Gresham. "The Cost of Speech Codes." Academe 79, no. 4 (1993): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40250507.

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3

Sedler, Robert A., and Jon B. Gould. "Speech Codes Are Still Dead." Academe 92, no. 3 (2006): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40252936.

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4

Grey, Thomas C. "Slogans, amens, and speech codes." Academic Questions 10, no. 3 (September 1997): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-997-1096-y.

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5

Yellin, Joel. "Letters: Speech Codes' Unstable Slope." Academe 78, no. 3 (1992): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40250323.

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6

MacDonald, R. I., J. R. Serson, and D. Johnson. "Speech compression with Huffman codes." Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 16, no. 1 (January 1991): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cjece.1991.6591240.

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7

Wilson, Fred. "In defence of speech codes." Interchange 27, no. 2 (June 1996): 125–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01807292.

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8

Sunstein, Cass R. "Liberalism, Speech Codes, and Related Problems." Academe 79, no. 4 (1993): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40250506.

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9

Williams, Philip F., and Clement W. Meighan. "Letters: Speech Codes and Alarmist Rhetoric." Academe 80, no. 4 (1994): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40250631.

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10

ER AYDEMİR, Nermin, and Bekir DİREKCİ. "ORHON SPEECHS AS A SOURCE OF NATIONAL LANGUAGE POLICY AND BASIC LANGUAGE SKILLS IN TURKISH." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 13, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/130204.

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Other than having the feature of being a literary genre, the speech forms the basis of language, culture and education policies since it has the nature of the declaration and advice of the state administrator. Speeches can be considered as constituent language teaching policy texts in terms of their purpose and content while functioning as the construction and preservation of the state tradition. As a matter of fact, the speeches can be viewed from the context of self-presentation to the community represented by the state administrator, and in one respect they contain suggestions for the interlocutor. In the speeches of Turkish cultural history, this interlocutor is not any community or citizen, but directly the Turkish nation. Speeches addressing the Turkish nation also contain codes of strategic importance for nation-based state structuring. Among the specified codes, the codes for Turkish education are also important. In the study, while the function of speech type in the context of language policy was determined in the context of linguistics and educational science, the importance and function of speeches for Turkish education in the history of Turkish education were tried to be determined by linguistic methods. Key Words: Turkish education, speech, linguistics, language policy.
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11

Swigert, Nancy, and Robert Fifer. "Crafting Reimbursement Codes." ASHA Leader 7, no. 18 (October 2002): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml.07182002.3.

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12

HOJO, Nobukatsu, Yusuke IJIMA, and Hideyuki MIZUNO. "DNN-Based Speech Synthesis Using Speaker Codes." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E101.D, no. 2 (2018): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2017edp7165.

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13

Sulistyani, Hapsari D., Taufik Suprihatini, and Turnomo Rahardjo. "The Ethnic Minority Speech Codes on Education." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 14017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187314017.

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This study focuses on examining educational processes in Sikep community (a minority ethnic group in Indonesia). Education is an influencial aspect in forming social harmony in the minority groups. However, formal education cannot be applied properly in particular group of ethnic minorities due to local specific perspectives on education. Therefore, it is important to comprehend local values that are related to education in order to established social harmony in the minority ethnic group. The purpose of this study is to describe the Sikep community’s construction of meaning on local and formal education discourses. The main theories in this research are the Speech Codes Theory and Ethnography Communication Theory. An ethnography communication research method was used in achieving the goal of this research. The research finding indicates that the low participation to formal education is due to the fact that Sikep community has a specific interpretation of the educational process that differs to the formal standard of national education. They perceive education as a part of everyday life. They focus on the educational processes that equip them the skills to survive, particularly in the context of agricultural skills. The knowledge of local philosophical values must also be considered in creating an applicable educational system for Sikep community.
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14

McCarty, Janet. "Crack the Codes Correctly." ASHA Leader 22, no. 1 (January 2017): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml.22012017.34.

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15

Ma, Alice K. "Campus Hate Speech Codes: Affirmative Action in the Allocation of Speech Rights." California Law Review 83, no. 2 (March 1995): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3480951.

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16

Iskhakova, Z. Z., L. K. Gyulbyakova, and M. V. Zhuravleva. "Emotive codes in Dostoevsky's "The Gambler"." Язык и текст 3, no. 3 (2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2016030303.

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This article is devoted to encoding and decoding the emotional image of F.M Dostoyevsky through the variant emotive deictic field with its emotive codes in the sphere. The object is the emotional speech of the characters in the works of F.M. Dostoyevsky. The subject of the study are the emotive signs in the emotional speech of the characters of F.M. Dostoyevsky. The aim of the article is to identify the most frequent emotive signs in Dostoevsky's "The Gambler", reflecting the emotional state of the characters, through which Russian writer expresses himself.
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17

Maderer, William F., and John F. Finnegan. "Uphold conduct codes while respecting free speech rights." Campus Security Report 11, no. 11 (February 13, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casr.30032.

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18

Mitchell, Stephen A. "CPT codes." Journal of Voice 3, no. 1 (March 1989): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(89)80128-6.

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19

Gennari, Giulia, Sébastien Marti, Marie Palu, Ana Fló, and Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz. "Orthogonal neural codes for speech in the infant brain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 31 (July 29, 2021): e2020410118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020410118.

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Creating invariant representations from an everchanging speech signal is a major challenge for the human brain. Such an ability is particularly crucial for preverbal infants who must discover the phonological, lexical, and syntactic regularities of an extremely inconsistent signal in order to acquire language. Within the visual domain, an efficient neural solution to overcome variability consists in factorizing the input into a reduced set of orthogonal components. Here, we asked whether a similar decomposition strategy is used in early speech perception. Using a 256-channel electroencephalographic system, we recorded the neural responses of 3-mo-old infants to 120 natural consonant–vowel syllables with varying acoustic and phonetic profiles. Using multivariate pattern analyses, we show that syllables are factorized into distinct and orthogonal neural codes for consonants and vowels. Concerning consonants, we further demonstrate the existence of two stages of processing. A first phase is characterized by orthogonal and context-invariant neural codes for the dimensions of manner and place of articulation. Within the second stage, manner and place codes are integrated to recover the identity of the phoneme. We conclude that, despite the paucity of articulatory motor plans and speech production skills, pre-babbling infants are already equipped with a structured combinatorial code for speech analysis, which might account for the rapid pace of language acquisition during the first year.
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20

Miller, M. Mark, and Julie Andsager. "Protecting 1st Amendment?: Newspaper Coverage of Hate Speech." Newspaper Research Journal 18, no. 3-4 (June 1997): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299701800301.

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21

Patil, Pramod B. "Linear Predictive Codes for Speech Recognition System at 121bps." International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijhit.2020.13.1.04.

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22

Reed, Charlotte M., Matthew H. Power, Nathaniel I. Durlach, Louis D. Braida, Kristin K. Foss, Jean A. Reid, and Susan R. Dubois. "Development and testing of artificial low-frequency speech codes." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 28, no. 3 (1991): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.1991.07.0067.

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23

Benbassat, Gerard V. "Speech encoding process combining written and spoken message codes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 2 (February 1992): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.402586.

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24

Atkin, G. E., and C. C. Tam. "Variable-bit-rate speech transmission using punctured convolutional codes." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 40, no. 2 (1992): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/78.124955.

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25

Reed, C. M., M. H. Power, K. K. Foss, N. I. Durlach, and L. D. Braids. "Development and testing of artificial low‐frequency speech codes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, S1 (May 1987): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2024288.

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26

Swanson, Neela. "New Procedure, Diagnosis Codes for Speech-Language-Hearing Services." ASHA Leader 23, no. 10 (October 2018): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml.23102018.32.

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27

Alvarez-Cáccamo, Celso. "Rethinking Conversational Code-Switching: Codes, Speech Varieties, and Contextualization." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 16, no. 1 (August 25, 1990): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v16i0.1716.

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28

Gagnon, Richard T. "Method and apparatus for speech generation from phonetic codes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 3 (1996): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.416057.

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29

Swanson, Neela. "The Right Time for Billing Codes." ASHA Leader 23, no. 3 (March 2018): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml.23032018.30.

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30

White, Steven C. "Audiologists May Bill Several Vestibular Codes." ASHA Leader 15, no. 10 (August 2010): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml2.15102010.4.

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31

Eliya, Ixsir. "Fungsi Pilihan Kode Tutur dalam Wacana Keagamaan: Studi Kasus pada Ceramah K.H. Anwar Zahid, Ustaz Abdul Somad, dan Ki Joko Goro-Goro (The Function of Speech Code Choice in Religious Discussion: A Case Study on the Speeches of K.H. Anwar Zahid, Ustaz Abdul Somad, and Ki Joko Goro-Goro)." JALABAHASA 14, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v14i1.145.

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ABSTRAKFungsi pilihan kode tutur dapat diartikan sebagai penggunaan pilihan kode dalam suatu tuturan. Adapun, tujuan penelitian ini ialah menganalisis fungsi pilihan kode tutur dalam ceramah K.H. Anwar Zahid, Ustaz Abdul Somad, dan Ki Joko Goro-Goro. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode padan, metode kontekstual, serta dilakukan dengan teknik baca markah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, kode yang ditemukan dalam ceramah K.H. Anwar Zahid, Ustaz Abdul Somad, dan Ki Joko Goro-Goro adalah kode yang berasal dari kode Jawa, Indonesia, Sunda, Inggris, Arab, dan Melayu. Pilihan kode tutur yang ditemukan dalam ceramah berbentuk alih kode, campur kode, dan tunggal kode. Fungsi pilihan kode tutur yang dominan muncul adalah representasi nilai pendidikan, ajang eksistensi dan sarana komunikasi, serta sarana kontrol terhadap masyarakat.ABSTRACTThe speech code choice function can be interpreted as the use of choice of code in a speech. Meanwhile, the objective of this study is to analyze the speech code choice function in the speeches of K.H. Anwar Zahid, Ustaz Abdul Somad, and Ki Joko Goro-Goro. The data were collected by simak method. The data analysis was conducted by using matched method, contextual method, and also by mark reading technique. Based on the results of data analysis, the code found in the K.H. Anwar Zahid, Ustaz Abdul Somad,and Ki Joko Goro-Goro speeches are codes derived from Java, Indonesian, Sundanese, English, Arabic and Malay codes. The speech code choice found in the speech is the form of code switching, code mixing, and single code. The dominant of speech code choice function is the representation of educational values, the arena of existence and means of communication, and the means of control over society.
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32

Iskhakova, Z. Z. "Semiotic View at Cross-Cultural Sphere." Язык и текст 6, no. 4 (2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060416.

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This article is devoted to emotive speech-behavior codes in cross-cultural sphere. The typology of emotive marks is presented as emotive-images, emotive-indices and emotive- symbols. Universal emotive codes for various linguocultural communities are identified
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33

Herman, Gabriel. "Tribal and Civic Codes of Behaviour in Lysias I." Classical Quarterly 43, no. 2 (December 1993): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800039926.

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A reiteration of the main details of the case may be helpful. Euphiletus killed Eratosthenes and was prosecuted for premeditated homicide by Eratosthenes' relatives. The present speech, our sole source of information concerning the case, was written for the defendant, partially or totally, by a professional speechwriter, presumably Lysias. In this speech Euphiletus admits killing Eratosthenes. He pleads, however, that, since he killed Eratosthenes after catching him in the act of adultery with his own wife, this was a case of justified homicide. At the same time, he denies a charge of the prosecution that he had killed Eratosthenes for reasons unrelated to the adultery. The speech was delivered before a court of fifty-one judges especially set up to judge such cases, as is attested elsewhere:T1Arist. Ath. Pol. 57.3: ‘If…a person admits that he has killed someone but claims that he had a right to do so, as, for instance, when he has surprised an adulterer in the act,… then the trial takes place in the Delphinion’ (cf. Dem. 23.74).
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34

Langford, Catherine L. "Consumer Student or Citizen Student? The Clash of Campus Speech Codes and Free Speech Zones." Free Speech Yearbook 43, no. 1 (January 2006): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08997225.2006.10556331.

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35

Dehzangi, Omid, Bin Ma, Eng Siong Chng, and Haizhou Li. "Discriminative feature extraction for speech recognition using continuous output codes." Pattern Recognition Letters 33, no. 13 (October 2012): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2012.05.012.

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36

Kawama, Shuichi, and Yoshiji Fujimoto. "Speech analyzing and synthesizing apparatus using reduced number of codes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 5 (November 1992): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.404307.

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37

Wang, H., S. N. Koh, and W. W. Chang. "Application of reversible variable-length codes in robust speech coding." IEE Proceedings - Communications 152, no. 3 (2005): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-com:20040959.

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38

Adoul, Jean-Pierre. "Dynamic codebook for efficient speech coding based on algebraic codes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 3 (1996): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414761.

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39

DeMitchell, Todd A. "Pants and Hats: Dress Codes and Expressive Conduct as Speech." International Journal of Educational Reform 8, no. 4 (October 1999): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105678799900800411.

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40

Popov, Dmitry, Artem Gapochkin, and Alexey Nekrasov. "An Algorithm of Daubechies Wavelet Transform in the Final Field When Processing Speech Signals." Electronics 7, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7070120.

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Development and improvement of a mathematical model for a large-scale analysis based on the Daubechies discrete wavelet transform will be implemented in an algebraic system possessing a property of ring and field suitable for speech signals processing. Modular codes are widely used in many areas of modern information technologies. The use of these non-positional codes can provide high-speed data processing. Therefore, these algebraic systems should be used in the algorithms of digital processing of signals, which are characterized by processing large amounts of data in real time. In addition, modular codes make it possible to implement large-scale signal processing using the wavelet transform. The paper discusses examples of the Daubechies wavelet transform application. Integer processing, presented in the paper, will reduce the number of rounding errors when processing the speech signals.
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41

McCarty, Janet. "Policy Analysis: Autism and Cognitive Communication Codes Don't Go Together." ASHA Leader 18, no. 2 (February 2013): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.pa2.18022013.22.

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42

Gann Hall, Melinda, and Chris W. Bonneau. "Attack Advertising, the White Decision, and Voter Participation in State Supreme Court Elections." Political Research Quarterly 66, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912911433296.

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This project evaluates whether televised attack advertising and less restrictive campaign speech codes brought about by Republican Party of Minnesota v. White (2002) have had adverse effects on citizen participation in state supreme court elections. The authors’ specific focus is on partisan and nonpartisan races from 2002 through 2006. Overall, they find that attack ads and liberalized speech codes actually mobilize rather than demobilize the electorate. These findings highlight the striking similarities between supreme court elections and elections to other important offices. These results also raise questions about the validity of normative accounts of the relationship between citizens and the bench.
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43

Swanson, Neela, and Janet McCarty. "The Lowdown on Billing Evaluation and Management Codes." ASHA Leader 19, no. 8 (August 2014): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml.19082014.28.

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44

Grossberg, Stephen. "Brain feedback and adaptive resonance in speech perception." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 3 (June 2000): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00303247.

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The brain contains ubiquitous reciprocal bottom-up and top-down intercortical and thalamocortical pathways. These resonating feedback pathways may be essential for stable learning of speech and language codes and for context-sensitive selection and completion of noisy speech sounds and word groupings. Context-sensitive speech data, notably interword backward effects in time, have been quantitatively modeled using these concepts but not with purely feedforward models.
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45

Wahya and Hazbini. "LEXICON BORROWINGS FROM ARABIC IN SUNDANESE SPEECH LEVEL SYSTEM." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): 913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8395.

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Purpose of the study: This article examines a lexicon of Arabic borrowings used in the Sundanese speech level system. A lexicon of borrowed words refers to a lexicon of Arabic loanwords that are used across different speech level codes. A lexicon of borrowings consists of words from a donor language that have been adopted into a recipient language for certain purposes. Methodology: In this descriptive and qualitative research, the data were collected utilizing the observation method and recording technique. The data for this descriptive-qualitative research were collected using observing the use of words prescribed in a Sundanese dictionary namely Kamus Undak Usuk Basa Sunda (Dictionary of Sundanese Speech Level) by Tamsyah, published in 2015 and Kamus Etimologi Basa Sunda (Dictionary of Sundanese Etymology) also by Tamsyah, published in 2017. The data were analyzed by using an identical method and a lexico-semantic approach. The sources of the data were chosen as data source samples by taking into account the availability of the data required in them. Main Findings: The findings of the research study reveals that a lexicon of nineteen words borrowed from Arabic commonly used in coarse, middle, and refined codes, with coarse usage predominating. While some of these words retain a similar form to that of the original Arabic, others have transformed. The nineteen words are as follows: asal, makam, berekah, Abdi, alim, udur, hed, Kabar, hawatir, maksud, maot, mayit, lahir, saum, sabab, salat, sunatan, surat, and umur. Applications of the study: Introduction of Arabic lexicon to the Sundanese speech system occurred through a process of the loan. While some of these words retain a similar form to that of the original Arabic, others have transformed. It is a transformation that causes the words to be used in different codes in the Sundanese speech level system. Novelty/Originality of the study: In Sundanese, speech level is considered a sociolinguistic innovation. Both the written and spoken forms of the language, together with all their variations and functions, are vital amidst the daily dynamics of the Sundanese people’s life. Hence, this article discusses the use of the lexicon of Arabic borrowings across different codes of the Sundanese speech level system. The current study is novel as it’s the first study that compares the Arabic and Sundanese language and found out the words that are originated from Arabic.
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46

Panhelova, Mariia. "Mixing and switching of speech codes of Ukrainian emigration (on the example of memoirs and epistolary works by Ulas Samchuk)." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 24, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2018-24-2-254-276.

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The problem of switching and mixing codes is extremely relevant in foreign and domestic linguistic science over the past decades. In this case, if code-switching is understood by all researchers more or less equally (switching from one language to another within a single text – dialog or monologue), then by mixing the code (code-mixing), the case looks much more complicated. The term «mixing of codes» is understood by different researchers in fundamentally different ways: from the introduction into one language of the elements of another language in almost unlimited quantities and in the unadapted (phonetically and grammatically) form before switching codes within the same sentence, that is, the kind of switching codes (the second approach thus postulates the process of speaking in two languages and removes the fundamental difference between switching codes and mixing codes). The study of the mixing of speech codes is an interesting and promising branch of research on the theory of language contacts. Among the fundamental works on this subject should be the study of P. Muysken (Muysken, 2000), where he provides a detailed typology of situations of mixing language codes. In linguistic research, there is a widespread practice of using «mixing codes» and «switching codes» as interchangeable, as well as a series of studies where the term «mixing codes» is used to describe and switch codes and massive borrowings. While the term «switching codes» emphasizes the transition of bilingual from one grammatical system to another, the term «mixing codes» implies the presence of hybrid forms associated with both grammars. In other words, mixing codes emphasizes the formal aspects of linguistic structures or linguistic competence, while code switching emphasizes linguistic performance. The psycho-linguistic direction concerning the study of the switching of speech codes among the bilingual environment explains which aspects of the linguistic competence of bilinguals allow them to modify the codes. Often, the choice of a foreign language involves a waiver of the synonymous form in the language of the successor of the language, thus opposed to an alternative way of expressing communicative intentions in a foreign language. The purpose of our scientific studio is to present function the mixing and switching codes on the materials of the memoirs («Planet DP») and the epistolary works of Ukrainian writers-emigrants in Canada, in particular, by Ulas O. Samchuk with his colleagues, publishers, etc. The main methods of research used were: the method of comparative analysis, which allows to detect English-language infusions as units of English, which determine the national-cultural specificity of the English language; the method of component analysis, which allowed to reveal the semantic interrelations of British realities; descriptive method and method of content analysis. In the course of the study, we came to the conclusion that the addressee and addressees, real masters of the artistic word, almost do not allow the English language to be spoken in Ukrainian, or such spraying is deliberately used and is a means of language play.
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47

Wilson-Bates, Tobias. "The Circus and the Deadly Child: Ruptures of Social Code in Jude the Obscure." Acta Neophilologica 51, no. 1-2 (November 21, 2018): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.51.1-2.127-135.

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Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure has frequently been read as Hardy›s social critique of marriage, class, and systemic education. Readings of the novel in this critical tradition have a tendency to simplify the text into an allegory emergent from Hardy’s own biography. I seek to destabilize these readings by instead engaging with the text as one not concerned with institutions but rather the underlying social codes that give them coherence. By pairing Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of speech and counter speech with Lee Edelman’s queer critique of child-centered futurity, I offer a new reading of the novel that privileges codes and legibility as central to the novel’s critical project.
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Hsu, Chien-Ju, and Cynthia K. Thompson. "Manual Versus Automated Narrative Analysis of Agrammatic Production Patterns: The Northwestern Narrative Language Analysis and Computerized Language Analysis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-17-0185.

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Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of the manually coded Northwestern Narrative Language Analysis (NNLA) system, which was developed for characterizing agrammatic production patterns, and the automated Computerized Language Analysis (CLAN) system, which has recently been adopted to analyze speech samples of individuals with aphasia (a) for reliability purposes to ascertain whether they yield similar results and (b) to evaluate CLAN for its ability to automatically identify language variables important for detailing agrammatic production patterns. Method The same set of Cinderella narrative samples from 8 participants with a clinical diagnosis of agrammatic aphasia and 10 cognitively healthy control participants were transcribed and coded using NNLA and CLAN. Both coding systems were utilized to quantify and characterize speech production patterns across several microsyntactic levels: utterance, sentence, lexical, morphological, and verb argument structure levels. Agreement between the 2 coding systems was computed for variables coded by both. Results Comparison of the 2 systems revealed high agreement for most, but not all, lexical-level and morphological-level variables. However, NNLA elucidated utterance-level, sentence-level, and verb argument structure–level impairments, important for assessment and treatment of agrammatism, which are not automatically coded by CLAN. Conclusions CLAN automatically and reliably codes most lexical and morphological variables but does not automatically quantify variables important for detailing production deficits in agrammatic aphasia, although conventions for manually coding some of these variables in Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts are possible. Suggestions for combining automated programs and manual coding to capture these variables or revising CLAN to automate coding of these variables are discussed.
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Swanson, Neela. "Codes for Contralateral Routing Hearing Devices Change in 2019." ASHA Leader 24, no. 1 (January 2019): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml.24012019.36.

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Lilly Cheng, Li-Rong. "Codes and Contexts: Exploring Linguistic, Cultural, and Social Intelligence." ASHA Leader 12, no. 7 (May 2007): 8–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr2.12072007.8.

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