Academic literature on the topic 'Speech Disorders, history'
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Journal articles on the topic "Speech Disorders, history"
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Felsenfeld, Susan, and Robert Plomin. "Epidemiological and Offspring Analyses of Developmental Speech Disorders Using Data From the Colorado Adoption Project." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, no. 4 (August 1997): 778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4004.778.
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Although the adoption design is the most powerful method to disentangle nature and nurture, it has not been applied previously to developmental speech or language disorders. The present study examined the speech outcomes of 156 adopted and nonadopted children at varying risk for speech disorders based upon self-reported parental speech history. The sample consisted of four groups: a) 16 adopted children with an affected biological parent; (b) 19 adopted children with an affected adoptive parent; (c) 31 nonadopted children with an affected natural parent; and (d) 90 low-risk adopted and nonadopted children with no parental speech disorder history. Results revealed that 25% of the children with a genetic background of speech disorder displayed questionable speech, language, or fluency skills at age 7, in comparison to 9% of the children with no known genetic history. Logistic regression analyses indicated that positive biological parental background was the best predictor of offspring affected status. The child’s Full-Scale IQ and the HOME Scale of family environment were not significantly associated with speech outcome. These results provide additional evidence that genetic factors contribute importantly to the vertical transmission of some developmental speech disorders of unknown origin.
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Kummer, Ann W., and Linda Lee. "Evaluation and Treatment of Resonance Disorders." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 27, no. 3 (July 1996): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2703.271.
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Resonance disorders can be caused by a variety of structural abnormalities in the resonating chambers for speech, or by velopharyngeal dysfunction. These abnormalities may result in hypernasality, hypo- or denasality, or cul-de-sac resonance. Resonance disorders are commonly seen in patients with craniofacial anomalies, particularly a history of cleft palate. The appropriate evaluation of a resonance disorder includes a speech pathology evaluation, and may require a video-fluoroscopic speech study or nasopharyngoscopy assessment. Treatment may include surgery or the use of prosthetic devices, and usually speech therapy. Given the complexity of these disorders in regard to evaluation and treatment, the patient is best served by an interdisciplinary craniofacial anomaly team.
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Shvedovskiy, E. F., and N. V. Zvereva. "Studies of Speech Disorders in Schizophrenia. History and State-of-the-art." Психологическая наука и образование 20, no. 2 (2015): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2015200209.
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The article reviews studies of speech disorders in schizophrenia. The authors paid attention to a historical course and characterization of studies of areas: the actual psychopathological (speech disorders as a psychopathological symptoms, their description and taxonomy), psychological (isolated neurons and pathopsychological perspective analysis) separately analyzed some modern foreign works, covering a variety of approaches to the study of speech disorders in the endogenous mental disorders. Disorders and features of speech are among the most striking manifestations of schizophrenia along with impaired thinking (Savitskaya A. V., Mikirtumov B. E.). With all the variety of symptoms, speech disorders in schizophrenia could be classified and organized. The few clinical psychological studies of speech activity in schizophrenia presented work on the study of generation and standard speech utterance; features verbal associative process, speed parameters of speech utterances. Special attention is given to integrated research in the mainstream of biological psychiatry and genetic trends. It is shown that the topic for more than a half-century history of originality of speech pathology in schizophrenia has received some coverage in the psychiatric and psychological literature and continues to generate interest in the modern integrated multidisciplinary approach.
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Mohamadi, Omid, Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh, and Morteza Sedehi. "THE PREVALENCE OF STUTTERING, VOICE DISORDER, AND SPEECH SOUND DISORDERS IN PRESCHOOLERS IN SHAHREKORD, IRAN." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 7, no. 3-4 (October 12, 2016): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs73-4201616169.
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 24pt 36pt;"><span style="color: #131413; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;">The inability to communicate easily and clearly can have far-reaching debilitating effects, not only in childhood, but throughout a lifetime. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of stuttering, voice disorder, and speech sound disorders in Persian preschoolers in Shahrekord, Iran. Information about 1,387 children ages 5 to 6 was obtained via face-to-face screening and assessment. The total prevalence of speech disorders was 17.1%. The prevalence of stuttering was 1.5%, while 13.4% had a speech sound disorder, and 2.2% had voice disorder. The prevalence of stuttering was higher in males (2.2%) than females (0.7%); of speech sound disorders was higher in males (17.4%) than females (9.1%); and of voice disorder was higher in males (2.6%) than females (1.6%). The prevalence of stuttering and speech sound disorder was significantly different according to gender and positive family history. The prevalence figures revealed that a considerable number of preschoolers with speech disorders were missed in parents’ and teachers’ reports. Those children required more intensive communication support than they were receiving. Therefore, classroom teachers should work with speech and language pathologists to identify and assess preschoolers with communication disorders, and to develop intervention strategies.</span></p>
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Neils, Jean, and Dorothy M. Aram. "Family History of Children with Developmental Language Disorders." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.655.
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The present study shows the increased incidence of language-related disorders among family members of children with language disorders. The family histories of 74 children with developmental language disorders and 36 normal children were compared. The children with language disorders had significantly more family members who reported speech, stuttering, reading, and language disorders than the normal control group.
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Lewis, Barbara A., and Lisa Freebairn. "A Clinical Tool for Evaluating the Familial Basis of Speech and Language Disorders." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 2, no. 2 (May 1993): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0202.38.
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Recently, researchers have suggested a familial basis to some speech and language disorders. Although speech-language pathologists have long noted anecdotal reports of family histories for speech and language disorders, they have not routinely or systematically collected this information and utilized it in their clinical practice. This article reports on a tool, devised through research, that assesses family history for speech, language, and learning disorders, and that can be used to construct pedigrees. This information may then be used to establish risk for speech and language disorders, to identify children for early intervention programs, and to predict outcome.
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Alam, Mohammad Khursheed, Aimi Syahidah Zulkipli, Sandra Elizabeth Percival, and Sanjida Haque. "A perceptual evaluation of speech disorders in children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate in Hospital UniversitiSains Malaysia." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 17, no. 3 (June 29, 2018): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v17i3.37003.
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Aims and objective: The purpose of this cross sectional study was to determine the types and severity of speech disorders in children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM) and describe the inter- and intra-judge reliability of perceptual evaluation of speech disorders using GOS.SP.PASS’98 and five-point rating scale. Four children with repaired UCLP with ages ranging from 8 years old to 12 years old were included in this study. Prior to data collection, participants were contacted through telephone call from the list of patients with UCLP obtained Combined Cleft and Craniofacial Deformity Clinic (Combined clinic) in Hospital USM, Kelantan from year 2013-2015 as well as from clinical records from the database of the Record Unit of Hospital USM from year 2003-2015. Following strict inclusion criteria participant has been selected. After that, history taking was first conducted with the participant’s parents, followed by collection of participant’s speech sample and finally concluded with oral motor examination.Results: Fifty percent of the speeh samples obtained from data collection were then duplicated for use in inter-rater and intra-rater reliability investigations. Exact agreement and kappa values were used for reliability measures. Seventy-five percent (3/4) participants exhibited speech disorders and 25% (1/4) participant had no evidence of speech disorder. The type of speech errors that occurred the most in the three participants were glottal articulations (39%), while the least speech errors includedlateralizations/lateral articulations (2%), backing to velar (1%), pharyngeal articulations (1%,) active nasal fricatives (1%) as well as nasal realizations of fricatives (1%). The severity of speech disorder ranged from some occurrences to occurring always or almost alwaysin the participants. Inter-judge reliability showed poor to slight agreement while intra-judge reliability revealed almost perfect agreement.Conclusion: The results obtained from this study were more or less similar to other studies conducted on the speech outcome of individuals with repaired UCLP.It is important that referrals be made to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to evaluate the individuals’ speech outcomes even though surgical intervention has been provided to them to ensure a comprehensive management for the individual.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.470-478
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Weismer, Gary. "Speech Science: Technique, Concept, Theory." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 23, no. 1 (July 2013): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod23.1.6.
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The purpose of this paper is to outline a history and a possible future of speech science as a discipline. Two major and sometimes opposing views of speech science are discussed. One view is inspired by Stetson's work, and holds that study of speech movements is most likely to reveal the essentials of speech motor control. The other view regards the speech acoustic signal as part of the control mechanism; in this view, movements and the signals produced by them are intertwined as part of the control mechanism. The importance of understanding these two views of speech science is in the application of speech science skills to clinical disorders of speech motor control. The paper uses motor speech disorders as an example of how the two views can be joined empirically and theoretically for a maximally productive application of speech science to an understanding of disorders of speech motor control.
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GUNAWAN, YOICE EMILIA, and PRIJANTI EKA POERWANTININGROEM. "Profil Penderita Keterlambatan Bicara Dengan Pemeriksaan ASSR di TOA Jala Puspa Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya Tahun 2016 - 2017." Hang Tuah Medical journal 16, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/htmj.v16i2.151.
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<p><strong>Background</strong>: Speech and language delay is experienced by 5-8% of preschoolers and 17% of 5-year-olds. Delay in speech can be caused by hearing loss, brain disorders (such as mental retardation, receptive and / or expressive language-specific disorders), autism or disorders of the mouth organs that make it difficult for children to pronounce words (known as articulation disorders). The procedure for delay in speech depends on the cause, and also involves cooperation between pediatricians, other related specialists, speech therapists and of course parents.</p><p><strong>Aim</strong>: to investigate the profile of patients with speech delay with ASSR examination at TOA Jala Puspa RUMKITAL DR. RAMELAN Surabaya</p><p><strong>Research methods</strong>: This research is a descriptive research. 57 medical record data are recorded, checked for completeness, analyzed in descriptive form then presented in the form of diagrams and tables.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The average age of people with speech delay is 2.67 years. Most patients are male. The most prenatal history experienced by people with delayed speech is Rubella infection. The most history of Christmas is hyperbilirubinemia. Most postnatal history is autism. Hearing examination using ASSR mostly shows profound hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Speech delay, ASSR, TOA Jala Puspa</p>
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Volgina, S. Ya, A. R. Ahmetova, E. A. Nikolaeva, R. G. Gamirova, and N. A. Solovyeva. "The role of the district pediatrician in the early diagnosis of speech developmental disorders in preschool children." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 66, no. 4 (September 29, 2021): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-4-129-134.
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Speech and language are the most important means of communication between a child and the outer world. Currently in the Russian Federation there is no reliable data on the prevalence of speech and language disorders in children. According to foreign authors, speech disorders are diagnosed in 3,4–6,4% in the population of preschool children, and language disorders are diagnosed in 8–10% of cases. Early identification of the causes of speech and language development disorders in children is a complex interdisciplinary problem. The authors have developed an algorithm for diagnosing speech and language developmental disorders in preschool children, where the district pediatrician plays the leading role. It is district pediatrician who can assess the speed of the child’s speech skills development, based on age norms, analyze the history data, risk factors, carry out a physical examination of the child, develop an individual program for conducting basic laboratory and instrumental studies and consult specialists. Dynamic observation of this category of children is important.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Speech Disorders, history"
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Fagelson, Marc A., and David M. Baguley. "Disorders of Sound Tolerance: History and Termininology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5398.
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Book Summary: Hyperacusis and Disorders of Sound Intolerance: Clinical and Research Perspectives is a professional resource for audiology practitioners involved in the clinical management of patients who suffer from sound tolerance concerns. The text covers emerging assessment and intervention strategies associated with hyperacusis, disorders of pitch perception, and other unusual processing deficits of the auditory system. In order to illustrate the patients perspectives and experiences with disorders of auditory processing, cases are included throughout.
This collection of diagnostic strategies and tools, evidence-based clinical research, and case reports provides practitioners with avenues for supporting patient management and coping. It combines new developments in the understanding of auditory mechanisms with the clinical tools developed to manage the effects such disorders exert in daily life. Topics addressed include unusual clinical findings and features that influence a patient s auditory processing such as their perceptual accuracy, recognition abilities, and satisfaction with the perception of sound. Hyperacusis is covered with respect to its effects, its relation to psychological disorders, and its management. Hyperacusis is often linked to trauma or closed head injury and the text also considers the management of patients with traumatic brain injury as an opportunity to illustrate the effectiveness of interprofessional care in such cases.
Interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy, self-efficacy training, and hearing aid use are reported in a way that enhances clinicians' ability to weave such strategies into their own work, or into their referral system. Hyperacusis and Disorders of Sound Intolerance illuminates increasingly observed auditory-related disorders that challenge students, clinicians, physicians, and patients. The text elucidates and reinforces audiologists contributions to polytrauma and interprofessional care teams and provides clear definitions, delineation of mechanisms, and intervention options for auditory disorders.
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Jartun, Randi. "The percentage consonants correct and intelligibility of normal, language delayed, and history of language delayed children." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4328.
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Highly unintelligible children may mistakenly be assumed to have difficulty only with the misarticulation of consonants. Expressive language concerns may be ignored while the primary focus of intervention becomes the correction of misarticulated speech. Questions have arisen regarding the possibility of both speech and expressive language difficulties contributing to unintelligibility. Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982) developed an ordinal means of rating severity of involvement. One of the constructs of the severity scale was intelligibility. The metric percentage consonants correct (PCC) was developed to identify severity of involvement of disorders of phonology.
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Ekelman, Barbara Lee. "Examining the relationships among speech-language and reading skills in children with a history of speech-language or reading disorders." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056985925.
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Belfiore, Kathleen. "Intervention History of Children with Slow Expressive Language Development." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4944.
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Children who are identified with slow expressive language development (SELD) around the age of two are producing less than fifty intelligible words or no two word phrases. Current research suggests that some children with SELD outgrow their delay while others continue to develop long term language difficulties. The literature shows varied findings of short term recovery but long term deficits, and shifts in the specific expressive language deficits ~s the child with SELD matures and encounters increased language demands. Suggestions are found for a mix of monitoring and early intervention, in step with signs of readiness and dynamic assessments, to facilitate improved performance and hasten development, particularly in the areas of metalinguistics and narratives. This study attempted to support the recommendation of early intervention, particularly for those children with an initial greater severity levels of expressive communication delay at the age of two. The 24 male and seven female SELD subjects were part of the Portland Language Development Project, a longitudinal study. Intake was at two years, and placement in the Intervention (Rx) or No Intervention (No Rx) group was a result of follow-up information gathered from parents regarding enrollment in any early intervention services before the age of four: Using mean Developmental Sentence Scores (DSS) for four outcome points, 1-tests determined that no significant differences existed in the improvement of language production between the Rx and No Rx groups. Secondly, 1-tests showed no significant differences in the two group's initial severity levels, using the Expressive Communication sub-domain of the Vine~and Adaptive Behavior Scale (V ABS), as the measure of severity at intake. A non-significant trend of consistently higher actual mean DSS scores across all outcome points, and an actual lower mean Expressive Communication score on the V ABS at intake was noted for the Rx group. A significant difference was found in the mean intake ages of the two groups, with older toddlers falling into the Rx group. Research and clinical_ implications are discussed, including attention to the length, type and content of very early intervention services, effective initial and follow up assessments, and factors that favor recommending early intervention
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Buchheit, Christine L. "Follow-up of college students with a history of developmental speech disorders." 2003. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-07212003-182927/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Speech Disorders, history"
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Wollock, Jeffrey L. The noblest animate motion: Speech, physiology, and medicine in pre-Cartesian linguistic thought. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub., 1997.
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Peter, Conradi, and Huang Yuwen, eds. Wang zhe zhi sheng: Xuan zhan shi ke. Taibei Shi: Shi bao wen hua chu ban qi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2011.
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Logue, Mark. The King's speech: How one man saved the British monarchy. Bath: Windsor, 2011.
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Literature Speech Disorders And Disability Talking Normal. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013.
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Logue, Mark, and Peter Conradi. King's Speech. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 2010.
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The King's Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy. New York: Sterling, 2010.
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Marcsisin, Michael J., and Jessica M. Gannon. History and Phenomenology of Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199331505.003.0001.
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Psychosis has probably affected humans since the start of humanity itself, although the construct of schizophrenia is a relatively new phenomenon, dating back to the nineteenth century. Work by Emil Kraepelin and Eugen Bleuler helped consolidate ideas about psychotic disorders, setting the stage for both clinical care and neuroscience research in subsequent centuries. Phenomenologically, psychotic symptoms range from “positive” symptoms (delusions, hallucinations), to “negative” symptoms (avolition, affective blunting), to “disorganization” symptoms (disorganized speech and behavior), which all combine to produce functional deficits. Different psychotic disorders have different combinations of symptoms, which can combine with mood and anxiety symptoms to affect functioning problems in unique ways. These symptoms can be recognized fairly reliably in individuals. Understanding the inner experience of psychosis can help improve patient-centered care.
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Snyder, Terri L. Brabbling Women: Disorderly Speech and the Law in Early Virginia. Cornell University Press, 2013.
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Brabbling Women: Disorderly Speech and the Law in Early Virginia. Cornell University Press, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Speech Disorders, history"
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Dodd, Barbara, Tania Russell, and Michael Oerlemans. "Does a Past History of Speech Disorder Predict Literacy Difficulties?" In Reading Disabilities: Diagnosis and Component Processes, 199–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1988-7_9.
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Zettel, Christa. "The Same Tone, but a New Sound—Understanding the Story of the Soul as Pathway to Regenerative Civilizations." In Transformation Literacy, 29–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93254-1_3.
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AbstractThis chapter takes not only into a historic perspective that looks at human consciousness development over many millennia, but emphasizes the importance of mythology as the most deeply ingrained way of humankind to keep learning for transformations. The author argues, contrary to the modern mind’s needs, that the creative aspect of change or transformation is not order, but disorder or chaos. To avoid the final fragmentation or destruction of our world, the intuitive ‘universal power of self-renewal’ (the life instinct) needs to be reintegrated into rational science, to fill our scientific particularization (the death instinct) with meaning, which is adequate to living in a humane way on our planet. This makes the story of the soul (Greek: psyche), which is passed on by peoples and cultures in a nonlinear-out-of-time-way, not only an important resource to understand the entire civilizational process and subsequently the development of regenerative civilizations. By allowing the forthcoming of an innate integral structure in the human mind, which uses both rationality and intuition, creative mythology is a discipline important for transformation literacy. It can contribute to the so much needed acceleration and speed up the process of collective regeneration, because this is a creative act and unleashes what was previously impossible.
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Hassan, Anhar. "Cerebellar Disorders and Ataxias: Acquired Disorders." In Mayo Clinic Neurology Board Review, edited by Kelly D. Flemming, 610–17. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197512166.003.0073.
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Disorders of the cerebellum or its connections can result in ataxia characterized by imbalance and incoordination of gait, limbs, speech, and eye movements. The pathologic changes may be confined to the cerebellum or simultaneously affect other parts of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Ataxias are generally classified as acquired, inherited, or sporadic. The differential diagnosis is broad and daunting. However, a detailed history and examination can rapidly narrow the list. Key information includes age at onset; rate of disease progression; family history; presence of pure cerebellar syndrome or other neurologic signs; other systemic features; and imaging findings.
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Wilkinson, Ian B., Tim Raine, Kate Wiles, Anna Goodhart, Catriona Hall, and Harriet O’Neill. "History and examination." In Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 24–91. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689903.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses taking a history and examination of a patient. It includes symptoms, systemic enquiry, physical examination, signs, cardiovascular system, pulses, jugular venous pressure, heart sounds, cardiac murmurs, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, abdomen, neurological system, cranial nerves, musculoskeletal examination, peripheral vascular system, genitourinary system, breast, thyroid, speech and higher mental function, movement disorders, psychiatric assessment, and method and order for a routine examination.
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Hornberger, Shelley. "Speech-language therapist, Munich, Germany: one-to-one intervention." In Systematic synthetic phonics: case studies from Sounds-Write practitioners, 97–104. Research-publishing.net, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2022.55.1364.
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As an Australian trained speech-language pathologist, I have worked in public settings in both New Zealand and the United Kingdom before starting an independent speech-language therapy practice in Munich, Germany in 2019. In my current role, I support English-speaking students aged three to eighteen with speech, language, and literacy disorders, most of whom attend private English-medium international schools in Munich. The majority of my caseload are simultaneous bilinguals, with English being their primary language in education. Many students have had a varied educational background, often having attended public and/or international schools in other countries before arriving in Munich, meaning they each present a unique history of prior language and literacy programmes and support.
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Johnson, Samuel. "The dangerous prevalence of imagination." In The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia, edited by Thomas Keymer. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199229970.003.0044.
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‘Disorders of intellect, answered Imlac, happen much more often than superficial observers will easily believe. Perhaps, if we speak with rigorous exactness, no human mind is in its right state. There is no man whose imagination does not sometimes predominate over his reason, who can regulate his attention wholly by his will, and whose ideas will come and go at his command.* No man will be found in whose mind airy notions do not sometimes tyrannise, and force him to hope or fear beyond the limits of sober probability. All power of fancy over reason is a degree of insanity; but while this power is such as we can controul and repress, it is not visible to others, nor considered as any depravation of the mental faculties: it is not pronounced madness but when it comes ungovernable, and apparently influences speech or action.*
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Ghadiri, Fereshteh, and Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi. "Dysphagia in Neuroinflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System." In Dysphagia - New Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101794.
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Neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) consist of a relatively heterogeneous group of diseases that share the autoimmune activity against different parts of the system. Swallowing problems could happen in many of these cases. Its effect on the patients’ quality of life is undeniable. It could be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Detailed medical history and physical exam are important. Several questionnaires could help monitor dysphagia. Radiographic and endoscopic evaluations may be necessary to detect overlooked swallowing problems. The main treatment appears to be treating the underlying disease, besides general supplementary options like rehabilitation and speech therapy.
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Brody, David L. "Memory Impairment." In Concussion Care Manual, 77–82. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199383863.003.0017.
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Many complaints of memory problems after concussion actually turn out to be attention deficit. Take a careful collateral history regarding memory function in everyday life. Consider both bedside testing and formal neuropsychological testing of memory, but treat the patient, not the test results. Reduce barriers to optimal memory function: Optimize sleep; treat chronic pain; taper or stop cognitively impairing medications; stop alcohol and illicit drugs; prescribe moderate cardiovascular exercise; test for vitamin B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, electrolyte disorders, hypo- or hypergylcemia, renal failure, liver failure, and anemia. Refer to speech therapy and occupational therapy for memory training. Stimulants can allow more intense cognitive rehabilitation when attention or fatigue are limiting. Consider pharmacological enhancers of memory including caffeine, donepezil, or rivastigmine. These have modest benefits, and the nonpharmacological interventions are more important.
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Brody, David L. "Memory Impairment." In Concussion Care Manual, edited by David L. Brody, 116–24. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054793.003.0018.
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Many complaints of memory problems after concussion actually turn out to be attention deficit. Take a careful collateral history regarding memory function in everyday life. Consider both bedside testing and formal neuropsychological testing of memory, but treat the patient not the test results. Reduce barriers to optimal memory function: Optimize sleep; treat chronic pain; taper or stop cognitively impairing medications; stop alcohol and illicit drugs; prescribe moderate cardiovascular exercise; test for vitamin B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, electrolyte disorders, hypo- or hyperglycemia, renal failure, liver failure, and anemia. Refer to speech therapy and occupational therapy for memory training. Computer-based training can be beneficial in addition to in-person training. Stimulants can allow more intense cognitive rehabilitation when attention or fatigue are limiting. Consider pharmacological enhancers of memory including caffeine, donepezil, or rivastigmine. These have modest benefits and the nonpharmacological interventions are more important.
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Das, Veena. "Ethics, Self-Knowledge, and Words Not at Home." In Textures of the Ordinary, 120–47. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823287895.003.0005.
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This chapter takes up a particular problematic in the depiction of the everyday—viz., that its very closeness makes it impossible to see it. The chapter pays particular attention to disorders of kinship, arguing that the fieldwork experience does not consist simply of collecting stories or coherent narratives with a clear plot and a delineation of characters. Rather, words and gestures swell up suddenly, often out of context, and provide a glimpse into the turbulent waters that often flow behind the seemingly peaceful and uneventful everyday. Tracking moments such as death-bed statements or moments in a ritual performance when something discordant happens, the chapter delineates how such moments signal the risks to which our actions and expressions are prone. Instead of privileging the psychological subject, the chapter considers the grammatical person with which to think of the self and its opacity. The chapter argues for the salience of the second person as the addressee of a speech event and the relevance of the other for giving life to words. The signature theme of finding one’s voice in one’s history finds ethnographic and literary affirmation in attentiveness to fleeting moments that, from another perspective, it is argued, might last forever.
Conference papers on the topic "Speech Disorders, history"
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Marshalkin, A. P., N. V. Obukhova, and D. E. Chernov. "Digitalization of Speech Therapist’s Work in Educational Organizations with Children Who have Serious Speech Disorders." In International Scientific Conference “Digitalization of Education: History, Trends and Prospects” (DETP 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200509.083.
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Karelina, Inna B., Alena A. Bondareva, and Natalia N. Bal. "Teaching phonemic analysis of children with dysarthria at individual speech therapy classes." In Особый ребенок: Обучение, воспитание, развитие. Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/978-5-00089-474-3-2021-319-326.
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The article describes a method of teaching phonemic analysis to children with dysarthria in individual speech therapy classes, developed by one of the authors I. B. Karelina, which has been tested in practical speech therapy work with children with dysarthria in the health care system and in a private habilitation center. The analysis of the most well-known methods of teaching literacy to children with general speech underdevelopment in educational institutions is presented. The article describes the difficulties experienced by school-age children who have a history of speech disorders when studying at school.
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Arca, Vitor, Pedro Albuquerque, Victor Correia, Amanda Pires, Hugo Araújo, Luziany Araújo, and Breno Barbosa. "RIGHT VS. LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE SEMIOLOGY IN DEMENTIA: LESSONS FROM TWO CASES WITH FOCAL FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA SYNDROMES." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda100.
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Background: Case 1: a 59-year old man presented to our service with 4 years of progressive cognitive and behavioral symptoms. He became forgetful and experienced difficulties managing his payments. After 4 years he could no longer recognise his relatives. Cognitive assessment showed a mini-mental status examination of 17/30. MRI and SPECT revealed respectively focal atrophy and hipoperfusion of the frontal regions and anterior right temporal lobe. Case 2: a 72-year-old woman was brought to evaluation with a 5-years history of progressive language and behavioral deterioration. Her family reported early speech errors and behavioral changes, with a marked aggressiveness, ritualistic behaviors and hyperorality. Cognitive evaluation revealed a MMSE of 6/30 mainly due to a relatively fluent afasia. Brain MRI showed asymmetric cerebral atrophy, more prominent in the anterior left temporal lobe. Objective: N/H Methods: N/H Results: N/H Conclusion: We describe two cases of suspected frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes. The left ATL may receive proportionately more input from the lexical and phonological centers subserving word processing. The right ATL may receive more input from right-lateralized emotion processing hubs. Focal atrophy of the left anterior temporal lobe has been associated with the semantic type of primary progressive aphasia evolving to semantic dementia. In contrast, focal atrophy of the right temporal lobe has recently been described as a controversial entity reported as the right temporal variant of FTD.
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Pace, Maria Clara Martins, Daniela Gil, and Italo Capraro Suriano. "Hearing Screening and Balance Assessment in Adults with a History of Cranioencephalic Trauma." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.433.
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Background: Head trauma (TBI) is a public health problem. In the present study, we highlight the post-traumatic hearing disorders consequences of TBI because of the auditory and balance complaints are reported by patients with a history of TBI. Design and setting: Cross-sectional observational study realized at Neurosurgery/Trauma at Hospital São Paulo and the UNIFESP Speech Therapy Department. Objective: Perform hearing screening and balance assessment in adult patients after TBI. Methods: individuals aged 18 to 60 years with a history of TBI of any degree for more than 06 months. Patients underwent to a medical history, they assigned two marks from 0 to 10 with the aid of a visual analog scale, the first referring to the pre-injury auditory aspects and the second from the post. Hearing screening was performed at frequencies of 1k, 2k and 4kHz with audiometer and earphones in a quiet room and the Romberg Classic and Sensitized and Time Up and Go (TUG) tests. Results: The total sample was 34, of this 35,3% failed in the right ear and 38,2% in the left. For the results of static balance, in Classic we had 5.8% with positive result and in sensitized 5.9% positive with deviation to the right, 8.8% to the left, 8.8% to the front and 2, 9% with backward deviation. In the TUG, 23,5% presented alterations. Conclusion: The performance of hearing screening and balance showed changes in patients after TBI, emphasizing the importance of these assessments in the context of the therapeutic planning of these patients.
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Wu, Leyi, Jing Luo, and Huihui Guo. "An interactive design solution for prenatal emotional nursing of pregnant women." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001973.
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With the continuous development of interactive technology, informatization has begun to integrate into people's life[1].Having been neglected in history, postpartum depression reminds us that we need to pay attention to maternal emotional needs and prenatal care[2]. In the current situation, it is worth researching the interactive products for prenatal emotional care. According to the survey, it is not difficult to find that some speech emotion and facial expression recognition technologies in artificial intelligence are developing Which have large potential for extensive use.[3,4]. Therefore, it is necessary and feasible to design prenatal emotional diagnosis tools for pregnant women. This study has designed a product to care for pregnant women by identifying their emotional needs through AI recognition technologies. Appropriate prenatal intervention is conducive to the prevention of postpartum depression[5,6] . The use of artificial intelligence recognition technology can provide an appropriate emotional care plan. This can reduce the difficulty of training medical personnel and the difficulty of relatives caring for pregnant women. Therefore, the risk of postpartum depression can be reduced. QUESTIONCollecting opinions and information from previous studies is an important reference for this study. Therefore, this study needs to solve the following problems.1) How to design an artificial intelligence product that can accurately diagnose the emotion of pregnant women?2) How to integrate AI facial emotion recognition technology?3) How to help nurses and their families take care of users more professionally and easily through the information database?4) How to adapt the emotional care program provided by interactive products to different pregnant women? Methods:the research methods of this study are as follows:1) Observing the working process of artificial midwives and psychologists to find Which part can be assisted by machines[7].2) To understand the emotional needs of pregnant women through interview.3) To brainstorm according to the real data collected before and research findings, and then design interactive products that can practically solve the emotional care problems of pregnant women.4) Through the experiment of AI emotion recognition technologies, the feasibility of emotion recognition is verified. CONCLUSIONS:With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, more and more artificial intelligence products have entered our life [1]. This study is aimed to help pregnant women prevent prenatal and postpartum depression and maintain their health through artificial intelligence interaction technologies. This study is exploring the solution under the help of artificial intelligence after studying the problem that prenatal and postpartum emotion are neglected. This design is still in the conceptual design stage, but it seems only a matter of time before this design is applied in the future[8]. REFERENCES:[1]. Lee H S , Lee J . Applying Artificial Intelligence in Physical Education and Future Perspectives. 2021.[2]. Beck C T . Postpartum depression: it isn't just the blues.[J]. American Journal of Nursing, 2006, 106(5):40-50.[3].Ramakrishnan S , Emary I M M E . Speech emotion recognition approaches in human computer interaction[J]. Telecommunication Systems, 2013, 52(3):OnLine-First.[4]. Samara A , Galway L , Bond R , et al. Affective state detection via facial expression analysis within a human–computer interaction context[J]. Journal of Ambient Intelligence & Humanized Computing, 2017.[5]. Clatworthy J . The effectiveness of antenatal interventions to prevent postnatal depression in high-risk women[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2012, 137(1-3):25-34.[6]. Ju C H , Hye K J , Jae L J . Antenatal Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Prevention of Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study[J]. Yonsei Medical Journal, 2008, 49(4):553-.[7]. Fletcher A , Murphy M , Leahy-Warren P . Midwives' experiences of caring for women's emotional and mental well-being during pregnancy[J]. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2021.[8]. Jin X , Liu C , Xu T , et al. Artificial intelligence biosensors: Challenges and prospects[J]. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2020, 165:112412.
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"Psycho-Behavioral and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency in Wasit Province at 2016 To 2020." In 4th International Conference on Biological & Health Sciences (CIC-BIOHS’2022). Cihan University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2022/paper.766.
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BACKGROUND: one of the serious behavioral problems that affect youth health mentally, physically and socially is Juvenile delinquency. The act by a juvenile is considered delinquency if it is considered a crime when committed by an adult, as well as illegal acts because of offenders age.OBJECTIVE: Is to determine the psycho-behavioral and socio-economic profile of juvenile offenders in Wasit Province. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional hospital-based study targeted all delinquents (n=510) who referred by criminal courts to psychiatric unit for personality study using ICD-10 clinical based interview during 2016 to 2020. Data collected from files of offenders by a routine interviewing (with highly secured information). RESULTS: The mean age ±SD of the indicted was 17.9±2.9 years, male youths consist 96%, with a history of low socioeconomic status, 74% of them lived within family size of ≥7 members; 50% rank in 1st. to 3rd. in among all siblings in their families; 17% losses their fathers. Of total sample, one-half of offenders presented with school dropout and 44% engaged in premature labor. Most of youth presented with good mental health, sometimes they appear with consistent personality only 19 (4%) of them presented with speech and movement disorder, and unstable and uncooperative personality. Of 290 delinquents; 108 (37%) were tobacco smoker and 43 (15%) presented with tattoo. Dropout offenders presented with fourfold smoking and tattoo than students with an Odds Ratios of 3.8 (95% CI 2.25-6.4), and 4.0 (95% CI 1.9-8.7) respectively. 5% of youths have a history of previous offence. (38%) of offenders accused with theft or robbery crimes followed by homicide (16%) and physical fighting or scrimmage (12%). CONCLUSIONS: According to the psychiatric interview, the majority of the indicted were not mentally ill. Low socioeconomic status, live in large family, losses fathers, school dropout, and premature work all these factors may contribute to increase the burden of juvenile delinquency in Wasit province. The prevalence of healthy risk behavior in school dropout delinquents more than in students. Theft and robbery, homicide and physical fighting as a crimes were on the top of the list. Educational and health programs that encourage children to enrolled school and increase awareness of negative impact of juvenile delinquency on individual and community should be considered urgently.
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Wang, Junshi, Pan Han, Ruixuan Tang, Hong Tang, Younghoon Kwon, Jinxiang Xi, and Haibo Dong. "Effect of Head Posture on Airflow and Pressure Behavior of Human Upper Airway During Snoring." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20386.
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Abstract Snoring is a common breathing disorder during sleep. It is hypothesized that head posture during sleep could change the bending angle and the cross-sectional area of the airway, which could cause changes in airflow and aerodynamic pressure during sleep. In this work, an experiment-driven computational study was conducted to examine the aerodynamics and pressure behavior in human upper airway during snoring. An anatomically accurate human upper airway model associated with a dynamic uvula was reconstructed from human magnetic resonance image (MRI) and high-speed photography. The airway bending at different head posture and the corresponding change in airway cross-sectional area are modeled based on measurements from literature. An immersed-boundary-method (IBM)-based direct numerical simulation (DNS) flow solver was adopted to simulate the corresponding unsteady flows of the bent airway model in all their complexity. Analyses were performed on vortex dynamics and pressure fluctuations in the pharyngeal airway. It was found that the vortex formation and aerodynamic pressure were significantly affected by the airway bending. A head-neck junction extension posture tends to facilitate the airflow through the upper human airway. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis of the pressure time history revealed the existence of higher order harmonics of base frequency with significant pressure amplitudes and energy intensities. The results of this study help better understand the pathology of snoring under the influence of head posture from an aerodynamic perspective.
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""YO ESTOY SIEMPRE BUSCANDO CARIÑO": A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021p072v.
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Objetivos: Se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica acerca de la relación entre consumo de sustancias, trastorno límite de la personalidad y teoría del apego a propósito de un caso clínico de una paciente de 22 años con antecedentes de consumo de múltiples tóxicos (alcohol, cannabis, speed, MDMA, ketamina, LSD, hongos y distintos fármacos), sintomatología ansioso depresiva y trastorno límite de la personalidad, y con una psicobiografía compleja. Material y métodos: Revisión de la historia clínica de la paciente. Búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed – NCBI utilizando términos "abuse substance", "borderline personality disorder" y "attachment theory". Resultados y conclusiones: Se trata de una paciente con historia vital complicada, con múltiples episodios traumáticos desde la adolescencia. Destacan en ella los rasgos vulnerables y dependientes de la personalidad, mostrando intensa insatisfacción personal que requiere continua reafirmación externa, importante impulsividad en sus actos y dificultad para las relaciones interpersonales. Difícil manejo a nivel psicofarmacológico por ineficacia y tolerancia a los distintos fármacos pautados dada larga historia de abuso de sustancias, abandono reiterado de los mismos por la paciente y recaídas en el consumo que acentúan los rasgos y conductas de su trastorno de base. En este sentido la bibliografía consultada sugiere que el apego y otros constructos relacionados con el mismo influyen de manera muy relevante en la psicopatología de este trastorno, considerando que experiencias perturbadas en relación al apego pueden afectar a nivel neurocognitivo y en concreto, en la capacidad reflexiva de las personas. Se plantea la teoría del apego como una posibilidad convincente para conceptualizar el desarrollo y mantenimiento de algunas de las capacidades cognitivas y afectivas humanas básicas, y como la perturbación del mismo puede suponer una alteración de dichas capacidades, influyendo en la impulsividad y por tanto en el consumo de sustancias en las personas con trastorno límite de la personalidad.