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Journal articles on the topic 'Speech interference level'
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1
Rofiq, Asngadi, and Nita Nur Afida. "INTERFERENSI MORFOLOGI BAHASA JAWA KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA PADA TUTURAN DALAM SINETRON BANYAK JALAN MENUJU RHOMA TINGKAT 2 DI INDOSIAR." Jurnal Tarbiyatuna: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan, Pemikiran dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 02 (2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/tarbiyatuna.v1i02.680.
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This study examines the morphological interference of Javanese into Indonesian which is found in the speech in the soap opera Many Paths to Rhoma Level 2 in Indosiar. This study aims to (1) determine the form of Javanese Morphological Interference into Indonesian. (2) to determine the factors that cause the Morphological Interference of Javanese into Indonesian which is carried out in the speech in the soap opera, There are Many Paths to Rhoma Level 2 in Indosiar. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. The data were analyzed using the Matching method using the basic technique of Sorting the Determining Elements (PUP). The results of this study are in the form of Morphological Interference and the causes of Morphological Interference. The form of Morphological Interference contained in the speech on the soap opera Many Paths to Rhoma Level 2, namely in the form of Morphemic process interference and also Morphophonemic process interference. The factor that causes the Morphological Interference of Javanese into Indonesian in Speech in the soap opera Many Paths to Rhoma Level 2 is due to the habit of speakers using the first language.
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Veliyeva, Malahat Akbar. "The Phenomena of Interlanguage Interference at the Morphemic Level." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 2 (2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n2p124.
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<p>The phenomena of language interference at the morphemic level as a type of grammatical interference were not accepted by the linguists who considered morphological interference impossible. However, there are linguists who claim that in language contacts morphological systems of languages affect each other and they consider it quite acceptable.</p><p>Divergences in morphological systems of contacting languages cause morphological interference in bilinguals’ speech. Morphological peculiarities of contacting languages explain the reason of such deviations. Morphemes are two-sided units which are identified by the unity of phonetic or exponential (expository) and semantic features. Due to major differences in morphological structures of English and Azerbaijani languages, Azerbaijani students confuse English morphemes with the morphemes in their native language that is reflected in the phenomena of morphemic interference in their speech. So, in the study of morphemic interference it is significant to consider the types of contacting languages that is the basis of typological research in condition of bilingualism and language contacts.</p>
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Avdeev, Vladimir, Viktor Trushin, and Mihail Kungurov. "Unified Speech-Like Interference for Active Protection of Speech Information." Informatics and Automation 19, no. 5 (2020): 991–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/ia.2020.19.5.4.
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The paper considers the possibility of creating a speech-like interference for the means of vibro-acoustic protection of speech information based on tables of syllables and words of the Russian language. The choice of research directions and experimental conditions is substantiated: synthesis of sound files by random sampling of speech elements from a database, research of spectra of synthesized noise, algorithm for creating interference of the “speech choir” type, study of autocorrelation functions of synthesized speech-like interference, as well as their probability distribution density. It is shown that the spectral and statistical characteristics of the synthesized speech-like interference type "speech choir" of five voices are close to similar characteristics of real speech signals. At the same time, the speech choir was formed by averaging the instantaneous values of temporary realizations of sound files. It is shown that the spectral power density of the speech-like interference of the “speech choir” type practically is not changed with the number of averaged “voices” starting from five. The probability density distribution of the speech-like interference value with an increase in the number of voices in the “speech choir” approaches the normal law (unlike a real speech signal whose probability density is close to the Laplace distribution). Evaluation of the autocorrelation function gave a correlation interval of several milliseconds. The articulation tests of speech intelligibility using synthesized speech-like interference with different signal-to-noise ratios showed the possibility of reducing the integral noise level by 12-15 dB compared to noise-like interference. The dependencies of verbal intelligibility on the integral signal-to-noise ratio are constructed on the basis of polynomial and piecewise linear approximations. A preliminary assessment of a possible impact of speech-like interference on the psycho-emotional state of a person was performed. The direction of further research on increasing the efficiency of algorithms for generating speech-like interference is discussed.
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Musabaeva, R. "Interference in German Speech of Kyrgyzstan Germans." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 9 (2020): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/58/44.
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The article examines the interference change in the speech of the Germans living in the Chui region of Kyrgyzstan, which is observed at the morphological and syntactic levels and represents deviations from the language norm, the transfer of the right from one language to another. Interference at the morphological level is noticeable in the tendence towards the general case/form, in the verb-linking use of irregular forms of the verb, in the loss of the linking, in the loss of the subject pronounced by the pronoun, in the absence of the article, in the non-standard circulation of date names, in the expansion of the grammatical meaning of prepositions. At the syntactic level, interference is manifested in in a violation of the word order in a sentence.
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Van Gerven, Pascal W. M., Willemien A. Meijer, Annemiek Vermeeren, Eric F. Vuurman, and Jelle Jolles. "The Irrelevant Speech Effect and the Level of Interference in Aging." Experimental Aging Research 33, no. 3 (2007): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610730701319145.
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Drużyłowska, Dorota. "Osobennosti obucheniya blizkorodstvennym yazykam. Na primere prepodavaniya russkogo yazyka v pol'skoyazychnoy auditorii i pol'skogo yazyka russkogovoryashchim uchashchimsya." Językoznawstwo 16, no. 1 (2022): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25312/2391-5137.16/2022_09dd.
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This article is devoted to the specifics of teaching Slavic languages to other Slavs and focuses on the example of the Russian and Polish languages taught, respectively, to the Polish-speaking and Russian-speaking students. The article provides definitions of key terms such as: language interference, closely related languages, speech skill, speech error. The purpose of the article is to present, explain, characterize and classify some mechanisms of the errors in the speech of the students caused by language interference. An experiment was conducted among 60 respondents, 30 Poles, studying Russian and 30 Russian-native speakers studying Polish. The experimental research proved, that many structures of the native language impede the effective acquisition of the other Slavonic language. The manifestations of language interference at the morphological-syntactic level were studied. The proposed methodology, a kind of "mirror" interpretation of the problem, can be applied when comparing other pairs of Slavic languages in the context of language didactics. Keywords: language interference, closely related languages, teaching, Russian as Foreign Language, Polish language, speech skill, speech error, experimental research
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ZHANG, QINGFANG, CHEN FENG, XUEBING ZHU, and CHENG WANG. "Transforming semantic interference into facilitation in a picture–word interference task." Applied Psycholinguistics 37, no. 5 (2015): 1025–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014271641500034x.
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ABSTRACTA number of studies that observed semantic facilitation in a picture–word interference task questioned the hypothesis that lexical selection during speech production is a competitive process. Semantic facilitation effects are typically observed when context words and target names do not belong to the same semantic category level. In the experiments reported in this article, we used a picture–word interference task with basic-level context words and basic-level naming (i.e., the context word is dog, and the target name is cat) to investigate semantic context effects. We observed a reversal of semantic context effect: context words that induce semantic interference when stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) are –100 and 0 ms and induce semantic facilitation at large negative SOA values (from –1000 to –400 ms, in steps of 200 ms). At the empirical level, our data suggest that manipulating SOA can reverse the polarity of the semantic context effect. Our analysis demonstrates that the conceptual selection model provides the most straightforward way to account for the reported polarity shift and the different SOA ranges covered by the semantic interference effect and the semantic facilitation effect.
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Schlegel, Robert E., Shalini Srinivasan, Hank Grant, Randa L. Shehab, and Shivakumar Raman. "Clinical Assessment of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Hearing Aids and Digital Wireless Phones." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 14 (1998): 1023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201404.
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Research studies have shown that digital wireless phones interact with some hearing aids, creating a buzzing noise that may reduce speech intelligibility. Interference signals for three phone technologies were generated at five sound pressure levels (35 dB, 45 dB, 55 dB, 65 dB, and 75 dB) and mixed with speech at 65 dB SPL to test the speech intelligibility of 24 hearing-impaired people. A “No Noise” condition was also tested. Scores for the TDMA-217 Hz phone signal at low speech-to-noise ratios (<10 dB) were significantly lower than those for CDMA and TDMA-50 Hz at the same level. The CDMA and TDMA-50 Hz phone signals had a similar effect on speech intelligibility. Speech intelligibility scores at speech-to-noise ratios of 20 dB and 30 dB were similar to those for the “No Noise” condition. The articulation index represented the best index for predicting the impact of wireless phone interference on speech intelligibility.
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Killion, Mead C., Harry Teder, and Russ Thoma. "Suitcase Lab Measurement of Digital Cellphone Interference Levels on Hearing Aids." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 12, no. 06 (2001): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1745608.
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AbstractA low-cost, “real-life” method for measuring the interference caused by digital wireless (cellphones) telephones in hearing aids is proposed. Data would be valid for specific telephone and hearing aid models. The estimated equipment cost is $500. Abbreviations: AGC = automatic gain control, ANSI = American National Standards Institute, BTE = behind the ear, CD = compact disc, CIC = completely in the canal, DLH = damped long horn, IRIL = input referred interference level, PCS = Personal Communication System, RF = radio frequency, TEM = transverse electromagnetic
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Volín, Jan, Kristýna Poesová, and Lenka Weingartová. "Speech Melody Properties in English, Czech and Czech English: Reference and Interference." Research in Language 13, no. 1 (2015): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0018.
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Two major objectives were set for the present study: to provide reference data for the description of Czech and English F0 contours, and to investigate the limits of the ‘interference hypothesis’ on Czech English data. Altogether, the production of 40 speakers in 2392 breath-group F0 contours was analyzed. The speech of 32 professional speakers of English and Czech provides reference values for various acoustic correlates of pitch level, pitch span and downtrend gradient. These values were subsequently used as a benchmark for a confirmation of the interference hypothesis through comparison with a further sample of 8 non-professional speakers of English and Czech-accented English. The native English speakers of both genders produced significantly higher pitch level indicators, wider pitch span and a steeper downtrend gradient than the reference native speakers of Czech. Although the pitch level of the Czech-accented material lies in between the two reference groups, the pitch span of this group is the narrowest, which indicates that factors of foreign-accentedness other than simply interference are in effect.
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Rezanova, Z. I., and O. V. Ryzhova. "Lexical Interference in Oral Speech of Shor-Russian Bilinguals." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 2 (2022): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-2-177-185.
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The article introduces the Shor-Russian lexical interference as a speech phenomenon. It is determined by the peculiarities of the linguistic situation in the region and the nature of discourses where borrowings are recorded. Borrowings are opposed by the presence / absence of a Russian equivalent, the degree of development, etc. They are characterized by the types of discursive conditions that actualize the borrowings in the Russian speech. The study featured recordings of spontaneous oral speech of Shor-Russian bilinguals in the towns of Sheregesh and Tashtagol and in the village of Bolshaya Sueta (Kemerovo Region, 2017–2018). The recording time is 23 hours and encompasses more than 138,380 word tokens. The data were collected by field methods and analyzed with corpus methods, sociolinguistic questionnaires, and linguistic analysis. Interference as a speech phenomenon appeared to be stimulated by special communicative conditions, the imbalance of the language situation being one of them. The Russian language dominates functionally, while the functions of the modern Shor language are limited to intra-family communication, close groups of friends, and a marker of ethnocultural identity. Most borrowings remain a speech phenomenon. Entering the language-system, they are generally assessed as functionally limited, being actualized in the discourses of Shor identity. The ease of systemic-linguistic phonetic and morphological adaptation to the Russian language is determined by the high level of its acquisition in the studied type of bilingualism.
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Irwansyah, Irwansyah. "INTERFERENSI BAHASA MBOJO DALAM TUTURAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 4 BOLO, BIMA." CENDEKIA: Journal of Education and Teaching 11, no. 1 (2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/cendekia.v11i1.249.
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This study was initiated by language problems spoken by students of SMPN 4 Bolo, Bima. The study aimed to determine level of interference of native language (Mbojo Language) on Indonesian. This study used descriptive qualitative approach. Subject of this study were students and teachers of SMPN 4 Bolo. Data were collected using observation and interview. The study discovered that interference of Mbojo language into bahasa Indonesia occurred in: pronunciation and diction. pronunciations (sound) in speech included: errors of pronunciation, i.e. changes of phonemes, phoneme disappearance, addition of phonemes, and, pausing pause in a group of words and also interference in sentence level. Interference on diction appeared in the use of vocabulary, phrase and diction.
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Šimáčková, Šárka, and Václav Podlipský. "Patterns of Short-Term Phonetic Interference in Bilingual Speech." Languages 3, no. 3 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages3030034.
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Previous research indicates that alternating between a bilingual’s languages during speech production can lead to short-term increases in cross-language phonetic interaction. However, discrepancies exist between the reported L1–L2 effects in terms of direction and magnitude, and sometimes the effects are not found at all. The present study focused on L1 interference in L2, examining Voice Onset Time (VOT) of English voiceless stops produced by L1-dominant Czech-English bilinguals—interpreter trainees highly proficient in L2-English. We tested two hypotheses: (1) switching between languages induces an immediate increase in L1 interference during code-switching; and (2) due to global language co-activation, an increase in L1-to-L2 interference occurs when bilinguals interpret (translate) a message from L1 into L2 even if they do not produce L1 speech. Fourteen bilinguals uttered L2-English sentences under three conditions: L2-only, code-switching into L2, and interpreting into L2. Against expectation, the results showed that English VOT in the bilingual tasks tended to be longer and less Czech-like compared to the English-only task. This contradicts an earlier finding of L2 VOT converging temporarily towards L1 VOT values for comparable bilingual tasks performed by speakers from the same bilingual population. Participant-level inspection of our data suggests that besides language-background differences, individual language-switching strategies contribute to discrepancies between studies.
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Schlegel, Robert E., A. Ravi Ravindram, Shivakumar Raman, and Hank Grant. "Wireless Telephone-Hearing Aid Electromagnetic Compatibility Research at the University of Oklahoma." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 12, no. 06 (2001): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1745612.
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AbstractA multiphase study examining electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between wireless digital telephones and hearing aids has been under way at the University of Oklahoma EMC Center since May 1995. In a phase 1 clinical study involving 68 hearing aid wearers, interference varied significantly by telephone technology, hearing aid type, and hearing loss characteristics. More than 80 percent of the tests resulted in either no interference or a detection threshold distance less than 1 meter. Metallic shielding of the units yielded positive results. Various elements of phase 2 involved instrument-based tests of hearing aid interference using telephones in a sound-isolation chamber and radio frequency signals in a waveguide, along with clinical studies of speech-to-interference ratios, all leading to the development of standards of measurement and performance criteria for telephone emissions and hearing aid immunity. Results to date confirm that bystander interference is of less concern than user interference, which is the focus of continuing research. Abbreviations: ASC = Accredited Standards Committee, AMPS = advanced mobile telephone system, ANSI = American National Standards Institute, BTE = behind the ear, CDMA = code division multiple access, CIC = completely in the canal, EMC = electromagnetic compatibility, GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications, IRIL = input referenced interference level, IRIS = input referenced interference spectrum, IS = international standard, ITC = in the canal, ITE = in the ear, J-STD = “J” standard, NAL = National Acoustic Laboratories, PCS = personal communication services, RF = radio frequency, TDMA = time division multiple access
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Kuipers, Jan-Rouke, and Wido La Heij. "Congruency effects in conceptualizing for speech." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 65, no. 11 (2012): 2155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.684693.
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In naming a picture at the basic level, a semantically related distractor word induces interference in comparison to an unrelated word. When the task is changed from basic-level naming to categorization, however, this effect reverses to semantic facilitation. In previous studies, this semantic facilitation effect was attributed to “message congruency” at the conceptual level. The present study examines the nature of this message congruency effect: Is it due to competition between two activated category concepts in the incongruent condition or is it due to convergence of activity on a single category concept in the congruent condition? Two experiments show that neither the strength with which the context stimulus activates an incongruent category concept nor the semantic distance between the category concepts activated by target and distractor affect target categorization speed. We conclude that the message congruency effect is most likely due to convergence on a single category concept in the category-congruent condition.
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Bisgaard, Nikolai. "The European Experience." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 12, no. 06 (2001): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1745611.
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AbstractThis article presents an overview of past and current experiences with time division multiple assess-based (Global System for Mobil Communication) mobile telephones in Europe as seen by the European Hearing Instrument Manufacturers Association. Initial fear of widespread interference problems for hearing aid users in general owing to use of a new generation of mobile telephones seems unjustified. The background for the International Electrotechnical Commission 118–13 standard for measuring interference is described. No solution to complete elimination of interference problems resulting from direct contact between hearing aids and mobile telephones has yet been found. Several reports on the subjects are cited, and new work on measurement standards for near-field situations is mentioned. Abbreviations: BTE = behind the ear, DECT = digital European cordless telephony, EHIMA = European Hearing Instruments Manufacturers Association, EMC = electromagnetic compatibility, ETSI = European Telecommunication Standards Institute, EU = European Union, GSM = Global System for Mobile Communication, IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission, IRIL = input-related interference level, ITE = in the ear, TDMA = time division multiple access
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Patil, Z. N. "New varieties of English: Issues of incomprehensibility and unintelligibility." Journal of NELTA 23, no. 1-2 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v23i1-2.23344.
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The present article discusses new varieties of English with reference to intelligibility and comprehensibility. It has been observed that new varieties of English display deviant phonological features. Speakers of these varieties insert a sound, delete a sound, substitute a sound, and rearrange sounds when they pronounce certain words. Moreover, they use deviant word stress patterns. These things affect the intelligibility of their speech. The new varieties differ at the level of discourse as well; the content and language used to perform certain speech acts such as coaxing, responding to questions, etc., may result in miscommunication. Thus, unintelligibility is a result of mother tongue interference and incomprehensibility is a result of mother culture interference. The article illustrates unintelligibility and incomprehensibility using examples from non-native varieties of English.
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Siedlecki, Theodore, Marianne C. Votaw, John D. Bonvillian, and I. King Jordan. "The effects of manual interference and reading level on deaf subjects' recall of word lists." Applied Psycholinguistics 11, no. 2 (1990): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400008766.
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ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of a manual interference task on deaf and hearing college students' written free recall under both immediate- and delayed-recall conditions. The stimuli consisted of printed English words that varied on signability (i.e., words that could be expressed by a single sign) and visual imagery. The manual interference task had a small adverse effect on the deaf students' recall, but this effect did not appear to be related to the use of a kinesthetic sign-based coding strategy. It was also found than the deaf subjects' reading levels were very strongly related to their level of word recall; the better deaf readers recalled more than 50% more words than the poorer readers. Ratings of the deaf subjects' speech intelligibility, however, were not related to their level of word recall.
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Mel’nik, Yu A., A. V. Zhurova, and K. S. Russu. "ON OVERCOMING PHONETIC INTERFERENCE IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 2 (2022): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-2-312-318.
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The article deals with the issue of interference influence of a mother tongue of students on the results in foreign pronunciation standards acquisition. Violations of language systems as a result of interference actions appear in the speech of students at all levels including phonic. Phonetic mistakes caused by interference create a peculiar foreign accent. They also may slow down skills and abilities building in all spheres of speech activity that could be an obstacle for successful communication. The importance of error prevention and correction is stressed. Such errors are caused by transference of articulatory properties and phonological principles of a mother tongue to learned language. The question of the necessity to continue the development of nationally-oriented methodology and its application at Russian as a foreign language lessons is raised. Communion oriented teaching seems to be the most appropriate while learning phonetic aspect. It lets work out the correct pronunciation of Russian sounds by foreign students enough for maintaining high level communication satisfying communication demands.
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Brännström, K. Jonas, Wayne J. Wilson, and Sebastian Waechter. "Increasing Cognitive Interference Modulates the Amplitude of the Auditory Brainstem Response." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 06 (2018): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17003.
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AbstractDespite the presence of efferent neural pathways from the cortex to brainstem, evidence for cognitive inhibition and sensory gating on the auditory brainstem has been mixed. Some previous studies have suggested auditory brainstem responses (ABR) can be affected by cognitive load whereas others have not.The present study explores if the ABR recorded from adults with normal hearing was affected by increased cognitive load involving cognitive interference.Within-subject repeated measures. Twenty young adults with normal hearing (ten females and ten males, aged 21–26 yr).ABRs were collected with and without cognitive load (a visual Stroop task). Two measures of cognitive interference, that is, the ability to suppress task-irrelevant input, were derived from the performance on the Stroop task. No main effect of cognitive load on ABR wave V amplitudes was found. Participants with higher cognitive interference showed increased response times and larger decreases in ABR wave V amplitudes from the no cognitive load to cognitive load conditions.The present study showed that ABR wave V amplitudes did not change with increased overall cognitive load (cognitive load with and without cognitive interference), but ABR amplitude was related to cognitive interference. Increased cognitive load in the form of increased cognitive interference could trigger cognitive inhibition and/or sensory gating to suppress the processing of task-irrelevant information at the level of the brainstem. This suppression could present as reduced ABR wave V amplitudes.
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Rahayu and Nurfajriah Basri. "Mother-Tongue Interference in Learning English in English Meeting Club." FOSTER: Journal of English Language Teaching 2, no. 3 (2021): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/foster-jelt.v2i3.48.
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Interference is a phenomenon that occurs in a society when learning a new language and bilingualism is one of the causes why interference is. Interference occurs mostly because the speakers who have more than one language used to interact with one another. This study aimed to describe the kind of interference errors made by learners of English in English Meeting of disorders caused by the mother tongue. This study used qualitative method which its subject was taken from participants of English Meeting. The collecting of data used audio recording which was converted into transcription. The results showed that interference errors committed by English language learners' is generally influenced to phonetic refers to speech sounds, lexical interference to the level of words and grammar disorder refers to the rules of grammar in language. This is due to the fact that the speaker Indonesia experienced a huge obstacle when trying to use English as the target language as first language learners have mastered. The source of the difficulties is based on the level difference between the Indonesian system and the English systemKeywords – Interference, Bilingualism, Interference errors
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Wahyunianto, Dian. "'FROG, WHERE ARE YOU?': A STUDY ON BAHASA INDONESIA INTERFERENCE IN JAVANESE CHILDREN’S SPEECH." LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 6, no. 2 (2021): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/ljbs.v6i2.3628.
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The coexistence of Bahasa Indonesia and Javanese has become an issue in the Javanese language preservation. Such strong contact is finally resulting in bilingual individuals in which language interference often occur. In this study, however, is aiming at describing how and why Bahasa Indonesia is interfering Javanese in Javanese children speech. By using task-based approach by Grosjean, this study manipulated language production in Javanese children using wordless narrative book Frog, Where Are You? created by Mercer Mayer. The results show that Bahasa Indonesia is interfering Javanese in phonic, morphological, syntactic, lexical, and even semantic aspects. Nevertheless, lexical level interference is the most noticeable interference since both language share quite similar structure. It is believed that, in sociolinguistics perspective, Bahasa Indonesia has gradually shift Javanese gradually. It is also seen that Javanese children with strong exposure of Bahasa Indonesia are eventually perceive more Bahasa Indonesia structure than Javanese.
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Aliyeva, Zh F., F. A. Dursunova, and A. V. Shtanov. "Interlanguage interference of the Azerbaijani and Turkish languages: ways to address the problem (linguistic approach & teaching practice)." Professional Discourse & Communication 2, no. 1 (2020): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2020-2-1-72-87.
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One of the core aspects the methodology of teaching foreign languages focuses on is the issue of interlanguage interference. In this paper it is referred to as some kind of a controversy between the primary and secondary linguistic personalities at the early stages of the latter. This is explained by the dominant nature of the native language compared to the foreign one and is represented:• at the formal level by the mechanical transfer of a certain form of the original native language from one of its levels – phonetic, lexical or grammatical, or• at the associative level of meanings and concepts – while constructing speech in a foreign language, one trensfers the association from the native one; this association is foregrounded within the framework of specific speech conceptual and semantic connections and is relevant for the native language, but senseless for the foreign one.As a rule, calquing results in consequences of different semantic complexity – from blocking a certain speech fragment in a foreign language due to its complete meaninglessness, to inaccuracy and semantic distortion.Interlanguage interference manifests itself differently in different language pairs. For a research it is important to understand how languages of the corresponding pair relate to each other – whether languages are completely different genealogically and typologically; or matching either genealogically or typologically; or closely related both genealogically and typologically. The aim of the paper is to study the interference in a pair of closely related languages: Azerbaijani & Turkish, where the former is native and the latter is foreign. This is a special case for study, since the significant similarity of the two languages, though providing many positive results, gives an absolutely specific type of interference. İt requires a detailed analysis in order to overcome the negative impact of the mother tongue on a foreign language in the process of foreign language acquisition.
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Vasil-Dilaj, Kristin, and Diane Brackett. "Considerations in Mapping Young Children With Simultaneous/Sequential Bilateral CIs: Case Studies." Perspectives on Aural Rehabilitation and Its Instrumentation 20, no. 1 (2013): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/arii20.1.4.
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In this article, we present three case studies of young children with profound sensorineural hearing loss who received bilateral cochlear implants. In each of these cases, specialists suspected interference between the ears. The audiologist and speech-language pathologist determined that the children had better auditory function and speech and language production when wearing 1 speech processor as opposed to 2 speech processors. In many pediatric implantation cases, experts verify the device fitting in the bilateral condition because infants and toddlers at the prelanguage level are unable to provide specific input during mapping sessions. The cases we describe herein highlight the need for individual ear verification at early stages of speech and language development. In addition, based on these cases, we propose mapping changes that can be made to optimize binaural listening for speech and language development.
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Harmon, Tyson G., Christopher Dromey, Brenna Nelson, and Kacy Chapman. "Effects of Background Noise on Speech and Language in Young Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 4 (2021): 1104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00376.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate how different types of background noise that differ in their level of linguistic content affect speech acoustics, speech fluency, and language production for young adult speakers when performing a monologue discourse task. Method Forty young adults monologued by responding to open-ended questions in a silent baseline and five background noise conditions (debate, movie dialogue, contemporary music, classical music, and pink noise). Measures related to speech acoustics (intensity and frequency), speech fluency (speech rate, pausing, and disfluencies), and language production (lexical, morphosyntactic, and macrolinguistic structure) were analyzed and compared across conditions. Participants also reported on which conditions they perceived as more distracting. Results All noise conditions resulted in some change to spoken language compared with the silent baseline. Effects on speech acoustics were consistent with expected changes due to the Lombard effect (e.g., increased intensity and fundamental frequency). Effects on speech fluency showed decreased pausing and increased disfluencies. Several background noise conditions also seemed to interfere with language production. Conclusions Findings suggest that young adults present with both compensatory and interference effects when speaking in noise. Several adjustments may facilitate intelligibility when noise is present and help both speaker and listener maintain attention on the production. Other adjustments provide evidence that background noise eliciting linguistic interference has the potential to degrade spoken language even for healthy young adults, because of increased cognitive demands.
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Gauvin, Hanna S., Katie L. McMahon, Marcus Meinzer, and Greig I. de Zubicaray. "The Shape of Things to Come in Speech Production: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Visual Form Interference during Lexical Access." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 6 (2019): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01382.
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Studies of context effects in speech production have shown that semantic feature overlap produces interference in naming of categorically related objects. In neuroimaging studies, this semantic interference effect is consistently associated with involvement of left superior and middle temporal gyri. However, at least part of this effect has recently been shown to be attributable to visual form similarity, as categorically related objects typically share visual features. This fMRI study examined interference produced by visual form overlap in the absence of a category relation in a picture–word interference paradigm. Both visually similar and visually dissimilar distractors led to increased BOLD responses in the left inferior frontal gyrus compared with the congruent condition. Naming pictures in context with a distractor word denoting an object visually similar in form slowed RTs compared with unrelated words and was associated with reduced activity in the left posterior middle temporal gyrus. This area is reliably observed in lexical level processing during language production tasks. No significant differential activity was observed in areas typically engaged by early perceptual or conceptual feature level processing or in areas proposed to be engaged by postlexical language processes, suggesting that visual form interference does not arise from uncertainty or confusion during perceptual or conceptual identification or after lexical processing. We conclude that visual form interference has a lexical locus, consistent with the predictions of competitive lexical selection models.
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Agafonova, Marina P. "Expected Features of Speech under the Influence of the Iranian-Russian Interference at the Suprasegmental Level." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 4, no. 2 (2018): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2018-4-2-44-56.
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KERNS, JOHN G. "Experimental manipulation of cognitive control processes causes an increase in communication disturbances in healthy volunteers." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 7 (2007): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706009718.
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Background. Although communication disturbances (CD) have been associated with poor cognitive control, it is unclear whether they are associated specifically with poor cognitive control or with poor cognition in general. The current research examined whether (a) two specific components of cognitive control, working memory and interference resolution, were associated with CD, and (b) associations between CD and cognitive control could be accounted for by generalized poor cognitive performance.Method. In this study, as healthy volunteers spoke, the level of cognitive demands was experimentally increased, thereby simulating cognitive deficits (i.e. a reduction in the degree to which certain types of cognitive processes could be used for speech). Hence, this research examined whether simulated cognitive deficits would cause an increase in CD. Participants also completed separate cognitive tasks that assessed working memory, interference resolution and general cognitive ability.Results. An increase in working memory demands caused an increase in CD. Moreover, working memory demands interacted with interference resolution demands, with the greatest amount of CD caused by both high working memory and high interference resolution demands. By contrast, increasing another cognitive demand, sustained attention, did not increase CD. Furthermore, performance on separate working memory and interference resolution tasks interacted to predict CD on the experimental speech task. However, performance on a psychometrically matched cognitive task did not predict CD.Conclusion. Overall, the current study provides evidence that working memory and interference resolution may be specifically associated with CD and that manipulations of these cognitive control processes can cause an increase in CD.
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Тameryan, Tatiana Yu, Irina A. Zyubina, Olga G. Chupryna, Viktoriya A. Borisenko, and Tatiana I. Yakovenko. "Interlanguage interference: Multilevel linguocognitive approach." XLinguae 15, no. 3 (2022): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2022.15.03.12.
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The article highlights several cognitive, psychological, and linguistic issues, reflecting the problems of the Russian language acquisition by the foreign students in the natural environment. The study is based on modern interpretations of language contacts and the specifics of intercultural communication, multilingualism, and communication studies. The study uses the techniques of a psycholinguistic experiment, a sociolinguistic survey, lexico-semantic and contextual analysis techniques, as well as various approaches to describing speech mistakes because of interlanguage interference. The material for the article was the data of the foreign informants' written survey in the multilingual environment of the host region. In the bilingual Russian-English questionnaire, it was required to justify the choice of the country, the university of study, difficulties in completing educational programs. The survey involved the foreigners who are at different stages of the Russian language acquisition. The main objective of the study was to establish the leading channels of the Russian language perception and to describe the interfering influence of the native languages and dialects of the Hindus, as well as international English, on the language of the host country acquisition. On the text fragments and individual statements, the directions of interlanguage interference were shown, its leading types were identified – phonetic, phonemic, grapheme, morphological and lexical. The role of the English language as an intermediary in the process of the new language acquisition has been established. The performed analysis confirmed the leading position in the sensory system of the auditory perception channel, prevailing over visual perception. There is a tendency to contamination of written and oral speech, compression, and the use of abbreviations; interlanguage interference at the semantic-cognitive, phonetic, phonemic, grapheme, phonemic-grapheme, morphological and lexical levels of the native languages and partially English. The strategy of using Internet translation and literal translation from English into Russian, represented as the author’s text in Russian, is determined. The survey showed that at an advanced level of the Russian language proficiency, the most problematic is the semantic differentiation of single-root lexemes formed prefixally.
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Jafarova, Kamala Avadır. "Lexical Interference and Ways of Its Elimination: Based on Experience with Junior Course Students of the Azerbaijan University of Languages." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p392.
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The problem of language interference being a process which retards the mastering of a second language, having appeared as a result of transference of speech skills from one contact language into another (from the native language into the foreign language, from the first foreign language into the second one), has concerned researchers for decades. This phenomenon has a direct influence on the success of an individual&rsquo;s mastery of a foreign language and its use&mdash;involving both receptive and productive types of speech activities.
 
 Interference resulting from the negative impact of one language on another covers all linguistic levels of the language being studied, including lexical, which leads to deviations from the language norm and numerous lexical errors of students. Linguists and methodologists are trying to find ways to reduce the interference of the language being studied at the lexical level in order to optimize the process of mastering a foreign language and minimize lexical errors of students. The purpose of the current study is to investigate ways to overcome intra-language and inter-language lexical interference in junior courses of the Azerbaijan University of Languages and to verify the validity of these methods in the course of a practical experiment.
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Xie, Wupeng, Xiaoxiao Xiang, Xiaojuan Zhang, and Guanghong Liu. "A Pre-Separation and All-Neural Beamformer Framework for Multi-Channel Speech Separation." Symmetry 15, no. 2 (2023): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15020261.
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Thanks to the use of deep neural networks (DNNs), microphone array speech separation methods have achieved impressive performance. However, most existing neural beamforming methods explicitly follow traditional beamformer formulas, which possibly causes sub-optimal performance. In this study, a pre-separation and all-neural beamformer framework is proposed for multi-channel speech separation without following the solutions of the conventional beamformers, such as the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. More specifically, the proposed framework includes two modules, namely the pre-separation module and the all-neural beamforming module. The pre-separation module is used to obtain pre-separated speech and interference, which are further utilized by the all-neural beamforming module to obtain frame-level beamforming weights without computing the spatial covariance matrices. The evaluation results of the multi-channel speech separation tasks, including speech enhancement subtasks and speaker separation subtasks, demonstrate that the proposed method is more effective than several advanced baselines. Furthermore, this method can be used for symmetrical stereo speech.
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Sholihah, Niswatush. "INTERFERENSI GRAMATIKAL BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PERCAKAPAN BERBAHASA ARAB SANTRI PTYQM KUDUS." لسـانـنـا (LISANUNA): Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Arab dan Pembelajarannya 9, no. 2 (2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ls.v9i2.6749.
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This study discusses the forms, causes and ways of overcoming Indonesian grammatical interference in Arabic conversations of the students of Pondok Tahfidz Yanbu'ul Qur'an Menawan (PTYQM) Kudus. This research is a qualitative research with a sociolinguistic approach. The method of providing data uses the listening and competent methods, and documentation. The method of data analysis uses the translational equivalent method where the determinant is another language, namely Indonesian. The results obtained are: Grammatical interference in the Arabic language in Arabic conversations in PTYQM Kudus, which consists of morphological and syntactic interference. Morphological interference that occurs in the form of affixation and reduplication processes. Whereas syntactic interference occurs at the level of phrases, clauses, and sentences. Interference at phrase level occurs at tarkīb ismy (nominal phrase), tarkīb fi'ly (verbal phrase), tarkīb ‘adady (number phrase), tarkīb żarfy (front phrase), and tarkīb nida’iy (vocational phrase). Interference at the clause level consists of adding elements and using Indonesian elements. Interference at sentence level consists of changes in sentence structure, use of Indonesian elements, omission of elements, addition of elements, and incorrect use of particles. Factors causing grammatical interference consist of structural factors and non-structural factors. Structural factors are the differences between the grammatical system between Indonesian and Arabic. While non-structural factors such as: bilingual speakers and speech partners, Indonesian language habits carried on the santri Arabic, inadequate Arabic vocabulary, learning styles by translating, fear of being sanctioned, and compulsory language regulatory factors that apply at PTYQM. Interference can be overcome by: instilling awareness about the interference that occurs, giving attention and emphasis in drill students to use the correct form of interference, accustom students to use the correct Arabic structure and rules, write the correct form of interference occur on boards posted in places frequented by students, train students to translate Indonesian into Arabic contextually, provide knowledge of Arabic culture that is different from Indonesian.
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Yang, Yi, Hangting Chen, and Pengyuan Zhang. "A stacked self-attention network for two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation in hands-free speech communication." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 6 (2022): 3444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016467.
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When making voice interactions with hands-free speech communication devices, direction-of-arrival estimation is an essential step. To address the detrimental influence of unavoidable background noise and interference speech on direction-of-arrival estimation, this paper introduces a stacked self-attention network system, a supervised deep learning method that enables utterance level estimation without requirement for any pre-processing such as voice activity detection. Specifically, alternately stacked time- and frequency-dependent self-attention blocks are designed to process information in terms of time and frequency, respectively. The former blocks focus on the importance of each time frame of the received audio mixture and perform temporal selection to reduce the influence of non-speech and interference frames, while the latter blocks are utilized to derive inner-correlation among different frequencies. Additionally, the non-causal convolution and self-attention networks are replaced by causal ones, enabling real-time direction-of-arrival estimation with a latency of only 6.25 ms. Experiments with simulated and measured room impulse responses, as well as real recordings, verify the advantages of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art baselines.
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Karsten, Sue A., and Christopher W. Turner. "Binaural Speech Recognition and the Stenger Effect." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 4 (2000): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4304.926.
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The present investigation examined the effects of systematically altering the balance between speech presentation levels to the 2 ears of 12 listeners with bilateral asymmetrical sensorineural hearing impairments. Speech-recognition scores for /VCV/ speech stimuli were obtained from each participant in quiet for 9 conditions ranging from monaural poorer ear only to monaural better ear only, with 7 intermediate conditions in which the sound balance between ears was varied in 5-dB steps. High-pass spectral shaping was provided to the poorer ear, and unshaped amplification was provided to the better ear. The results suggested that, as a group, varying the sound level in the better ear within –20 to +10 dB of the centered position did not significantly change the speech recognition for these participants. No evidence of binaural interference was obtained. Findings also showed that in binaural listening situations, the Stenger effect has little influence upon speech-recognition scores. Even when the listeners were unaware of speech being presented to the better ear, their speech-recognition score reflected the better ear's abilities.
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Yao, Wang, Danjv Lv, Xin Huang, et al. "Layered Convolutive Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Speech Separation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2258, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2258/1/012020.
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Abstract Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has attracted significant attention for its good performance in single-channel speech separation. The improved algorithms of NMF have become research hotspots. Layered NMF (LNMF), an improved algorithm, can express the source signal more accurately for its multilayer structure. However, LNMF sometimes performs poorly because it ignores the short-term correlation of speech signals. Based on LNMF and the advantages of Convolutive NMF (CNMF), we proposed a Layered Convolutive NMF(LCNMF) algorithm for single-channel speech separation. The LCNMF corporates the multilayer structure into the NMF and expands the convolution of the top-level NMF model. During the training, NMF is used to learn the non-top-level basis matrices, and CNMF is used to learn the top-level basis matrix, then combined with each single-layer of basis matrix. During the prediction, CNMF is used to separate mixed signals. The results on the dataset MIK-1K showed that LCNMF outperformed NMF and LNMF for separating the mixture of single-channel speech signals. LCNMF improved by 0.019, 1.049dB, 1.305dB, and 0.851dB on average compared with NMF, and improved by 0.007, 0.172dB, 0.090dB, and 0.366dB on average compared with LNMF in sort-term objective intelligibility (STOI), Source to Distortion Ratio (SDR), Source to Interference Ratio (SIR) and Source to Artifacts Ratio (SAR)
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Assanova, D., and M. Knol. "On the problem of overcoming lexical interference in foreign language lessons." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. Pedagogy series 105, no. 1 (2022): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ped1/177-185.
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The article is dedicated to interpreting the irregularity of the difficulty of lexical interference in the foreign language speech of schoolchildren, as well as an attempt to propose a set of characteristic exercises aimed at overcoming this phenomenon. It is obligatory to make ready alumnus pl alumni with well-developed communication skills that appropriate them to achieve common apprehension and exchange existing ethnical acquaintance when contacting representatives of foreign language culture, as well as consideration for improving the overall level of culture and education of the graduate’s personality. The article presents the characteristics of this mechanism: the classifications and classification of interference are given, the psychological causes of this phenomenon in the mentality of learners are considered. The article concludes that in order to overtake lexical interference; it is paramount that the training substance incorporates carefulness of the most characteristic cases of lexical interference, as well as a leading rational procedure — planning, prognostication, and identification.
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Birkholc, Robert. "Narracja subiektywna zapośredniczona. Wokół zagadnienia „mowy pozornie zależnej” w filmie." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 14 (December 15, 2016): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2016.14.8.
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The paper sets out to describe the “free indirect speech” of film, which the author chooses to cali “mediated subjective narrative”. Based on specific examples, the author characterizes the narrative devices which in a way are analogous to what literary studies define as “free indirect discourse”. The basic indicators of that textual figure include subjectivization of communication on a stylistic level and interference of internal and external focalization.
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Акташ, Р. "PHONETIC INTERFERENCE AT THE ELEMENTARY LEVEL OF LEARNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN TURKISH-SPEAKING AUDIENCE." Russkii iazyk za rubezhom, no. 3(292) (June 30, 2022): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37632/pi.2022.292.3.011.
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В данной статье представлены наиболее распространенные фонетические трудности, возникающие у турецких студентов на начальном этапе обучения РКИ. В исследовании уделяется внимание артикуляционным сложностям при изучении русской речи. Дается объяснение фонетической интерференции русского и турецкого языков. Проводится сравнительный анализ гласных и согласных звуков двух языков. Приводятся подробные примеры характерных фонетических ошибок в произношении турок. Предлагаются рекомендации для устранения наиболее распространенных ошибок, которые помогут постепенному снятию трудностей произношения на начальном этапе обучения РКИ в туркоязычной аудитории. This article presents the most common phonetic difficulties that Turkish students have at the initial stage of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The study focuses on articulatory difficulties in the study of Russian speech. An explanation of the phonetic interference of the Russian and Turkish languages is given. A comparative analysis of vowels and consonants of the two languages is carried out. Detailed examples of characteristic phonetic errors in the pronunciation of the Turks are given. Recommendations are offered on the most common mistakes that will help to gradually eliminate pronunciation difficulties at the initial stage of teaching Russian as a foreign language in a Turkish-speaking audience.
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Puschmann, Sebastian, Sylvain Baillet, and Robert J. Zatorre. "Musicians at the Cocktail Party: Neural Substrates of Musical Training During Selective Listening in Multispeaker Situations." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 8 (2018): 3253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy193.
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Abstract Musical training has been demonstrated to benefit speech-in-noise perception. It is however unknown whether this effect translates to selective listening in cocktail party situations, and if so what its neural basis might be. We investigated this question using magnetoencephalography-based speech envelope reconstruction and a sustained selective listening task, in which participants with varying amounts of musical training attended to 1 of 2 speech streams while detecting rare target words. Cortical frequency-following responses (FFR) and auditory working memory were additionally measured to dissociate musical training-related effects on low-level auditory processing versus higher cognitive function. Results show that the duration of musical training is associated with a reduced distracting effect of competing speech on target detection accuracy. Remarkably, more musical training was related to a robust neural tracking of both the to-be-attended and the to-be-ignored speech stream, up until late cortical processing stages. Musical training-related increases in FFR power were associated with a robust speech tracking in auditory sensory areas, whereas training-related differences in auditory working memory were linked to an increased representation of the to-be-ignored stream beyond auditory cortex. Our findings suggest that musically trained persons can use additional information about the distracting stream to limit interference by competing speech.
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Julstrom, Stephen, and Linda Kozma-Spytek. "Subjective Assessment of Cochlear Implant Users’ Signal-to-Noise Ratio Requirements for Different Levels of Wireless Device Usability." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 25, no. 10 (2014): 952–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.25.10.4.
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Background: In order to better inform the development and revision of the American National Standards Institute C63.19 and American National Standards Institute/Telecommunications Industry Association-1083 hearing aid compatibility standards, a previous study examined the signal strength and signal (speech)-to-noise (interference) ratio needs of hearing aid users when using wireless and cordless phones in the telecoil coupling mode. This study expands that examination to cochlear implant (CI) users, in both telecoil and microphone modes of use. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnetic and acoustic signal levels needed by CI users for comfortable telephone communication and the users’ tolerance relative to the speech levels of various interfering wireless communication–related noise types. Research Design: Design was a descriptive and correlational study. Simulated telephone speech and eight interfering noise types presented as continuous signals were linearly combined and were presented together either acoustically or magnetically to the participants’ CIs. The participants could adjust the loudness of the telephone speech and the interfering noises based on several assigned criteria. Study Sample: The 21 test participants ranged in age from 23–81 yr. All used wireless phones with their CIs, and 15 also used cordless phones at home. There were 12 participants who normally used the telecoil mode for telephone communication, whereas 9 used the implant’s microphone; all were tested accordingly. Data Collection and Analysis: A guided-intake questionnaire yielded general background information for each participant. A custom-built test control box fed by prepared speech-and-noise files enabled the tester or test participant, as appropriate, to switch between the various test signals and to precisely control the speech-and-noise levels independently. The tester, but not the test participant, could read and record the selected levels. Subsequent analysis revealed the preferred speech levels, speech (signal)-to-noise ratios, and the effect of possible noise-measurement weighting functions. Results: The participants' preferred telephone speech levels subjectively matched or were somewhat lower than the level that they heard from a 65 dB SPL wideband reference. The mean speech (signal)-to-noise ratio requirement for them to consider their telephone experience “acceptable for normal use” was 20 dB, very similar to the results for the hearing aid users of the previous study. Significant differences in the participants’ apparent levels of noise tolerance among the noise types when the noise level was determined using A-weighting were eliminated when a CI-specific noise-measurement weighting was applied. Conclusions: The results for the CI users in terms of both preferred levels for wireless and cordless phone communication and signal-to-noise requirements closely paralleled the corresponding results for hearing aid users from the previous study, and showed no significant differences between the microphone and telecoil modes of use. Signal-to-noise requirements were directly related to the participants’ noise audibility threshold and were independent of noise type when appropriate noise-measurement weighting was applied. Extending the investigation to include noncontinuous interfering noises and forms of radiofrequency interference other than additive audiofrequency noise could be areas of future study.
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Bansal, Priyanka, and Syed Akhtar Imam. "Performance of speaker recognition system using shifted mfcc, delta spectral cepstral coefficient (DSCC) and Fuzzy techniques." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10424.
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Speech and speaker recognition systems are biometric inspired systems which are having scope in various online and offline applications. In case of biometric we ponder the variability of speech signal due to the presence of noise which greatly degrades the efficiency of Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR) in real-world environmental circumstances. Real world speech signal is degraded by different types of noise signals like background noise, interference noise and crosstalk noise. In this paper, we have used Delta Spectrum Cepstrum Coefficient (DSCC) and Shifted MFCC with fuzzy modeling techniques to rectify the deed of ASR even in a noisy surrounding with the help of upgraded speech information which is present at high frequency in the spectral domain. The combination of fuzzy modeling and DSCC creates a firm cumulative algorithm which has reasonably high robustness to noise. Experimental results show that accuracy has enhanced by 10-20% even at 5-8dB SNR in the presence of background noise or turbulent environmental condition or in the presence of white noise.Thus proposed model has improved maturity level in comparison to obsolete methods.
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Jones, D. M., W. J. Macken, and C. Harries. "Disruption of Short Term Recognition Memory for Tones: Streaming or Interference?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 2 (1997): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755707.
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A sequence of auditory stimuli interpolated between the initial presentation of a tone and a comparison tone impairs recognition performance. Notably, the impairment is much less with interpolated speech than with tones. Six experiments converge on the conclusion that this pattern of impairment is due more to the organization of the interpolated sequence than to its similarity to the to-be-remembered standard. Factors that contribute to the coherence of the interpolated sequence into a stream distinct from the initial tone are primary determinants of the level of impairment. This is demonstrated by manipulating factors that contribute to the coherence of the interpolated sequence by the action of temporal, spatial, timbral, and tonal attributes. However, the relative immunity of recognition performance to the interpolation of unprocessed digit sequences is not explained wholly by such coherence.
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Saskiya, Rikma, and Ningrum Tresnasari. "Waseda Boys’ Phonological Interference of Indonesian Food Names In Nihongo Mantappu Vlogs." IZUMI 11, no. 2 (2022): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.11.2.208-215.
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Interference is a mistake generally made by second language learners because they are influenced by their first language ability. Meanwhile, phonological interference is a mistake that occurs at the sound level due to changes in phonemes influenced by knowledge of the sound system in the first language. This paper discusses the errors of second language learners in understanding the sound changes that occur in the language they are learning. This study aims to describe the forms and factors that cause phonological interference committed by “Tes Wasedaboys Tulis Nama Makanan Indonesia! Ngakak Banget!”. The method used in the research is descriptive qualitative method with the theory referring to Weinrich's interference theory (1953). The data collection method used is the listening method with free listening technique. Based on the analysis that has been done, the form of phonological interference that occurs in the YouTube video on the Nihongo Mantappu channel entitled “Tes Wasedaboys Tulis Nama Makanan Indonesia! Ngakak Banget!” is divided into 2 classifications, namely 9 data of vowel phoneme interference and 8 data of consonant phoneme interference. Each interference is divided based on the addition of phonemes as much as 3 data, based on phoneme changes as much as 7 data, and based on phoneme reduction as much as 7 data. The factors that cause phonological interference are (1) bilingualism of speech participants which amounted to 3 data, (2) differences in vowel sounds and writing methods which amounted to 11 data, (3) carrying the mother tongue which amounted to 3 data.
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Gabets, A. A. "Interdiscourse as Inherent Characteristic of Institutional Discourse (on the Example of Educational Discourse)." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 27, no. 4 (2021): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2021-27-4-107-113.
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The article is devoted to the types of interaction of educational discourse with other types of institutional communication: political, economic and medical. The author studies how fragments of discourse function and form semantic potential in official styles of speech where interdiscourse is traditional and describes forms of discourse genre interference caused by global events of 2020: coronavirus epidemic, presidential election in the USA and others. In the article educational discourse is understood in its broad sense which allows to examine the periphery of discourse practice where communication of individuals of equal status and variety of functional styles are natural. The process of interference is studied on micro and meso levels of discourse where certain lexico-sematic fields, key-words, clichs which characterize professional genres of communication serve as markers of interdiscourse and on macro level where historical and social context is considered to define functional styles. Methods of descriptive, discourse and contextual analyses are implemented. The author draws the conclusion that on all levels of institutional interaction the elements of educational discourse are semiotic components of communication, can serve as means of representation of political, economic or medical discourse practice, have pragmatic potential and can be used in argumentative or informative speech strategies the choice of which depends on the type of discourse. On macro level elements of educational discourse often extend beyond specific concepts limited to professional subjects and the discourse itself becomes a part of a bigger subordinating discourse formation.
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Крапивник, Елена Владимировна. "LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE IN NATIONALLY ORIENTED TEACHING RUSSIAN TO CHINESE STUDENTS." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 4(109) (January 26, 2021): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2020.109.4.025.
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Статья посвящена лингводидактической интерпретации языковой интерференции. Цель исследования состоит в установлении методического потенциала языковой интерференции при обучении русскому языку мононациональных групп китайских студентов. В статье представлены примеры использования конструктивной языковой интерференции на основе выявленного межъязыкового сходства русского и китайского языков, проводится обоснование целесообразности использования явлений конструктивной интерференции в национально-ориентированном обучении китайских студентов. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что языковая интерференция представляет собой явление многомерное, методически неоднозначное и реализуется как в речевых ошибках обучающихся, так и в сознательно используемых преподавателем приемах интенсификации процесса обучения. Существенное различие русской и китайской языковых систем провоцирует появление в процессе изучения русского языка китайскими студентами отрицательной языковой интерференции, которая может нивелироваться использованием знаний о типологических различиях языков и предупреждением речевых ошибок, типичных для данного контингента. Выявленное межъязыковое сходство позволяет использовать в китайских мононациональных группах конструктивную интерференцию разных видов (фонетическую, морфологическую, лексическую и синтаксическую) не только в процессе очного обучения, но и при организации дистанционного и самостоятельного обучения студентов, что способствует большей эффективности преподавания, увеличению объема изученного языкового материала и прочности его усвоения, а также сокращению сроков обучения иностранному языку. The article is devoted to the linguodidactic interpretation of linguistic interference. The study describes the methodological potential of linguistic interference in teaching the Russian language in Chinese mono-ethnic groups. The article presents interlingual similarities of the Russian and Chinese languages and offers examples of constructive interference usage. The article substantiates the rationale for the inclusion of constructive interference elements in the Chinese students training. The results of the research show that linguistic interference is manifested both in the speech errors of students and in the teacher’s conscious use of methods of intensifying the learning process. The significant difference between Russian and Chinese is the reason for negative linguistic interference in the process of studying the Russian language by Chinese students. Negative linguistic interference can be leveled by using knowledge about typological differences in languages and by preventing typical speech errors. Interlingual similarity allows the use of constructive interference of different types (phonetic, morphological, lexical and syntactic) in Chinese mononational groups not only in the full-time learning process, but also in the organization of distance and independent learning of students, which contributes to greater teaching efficiency, increasing the volume of the studied language material and the level of its acquisition, as well as shortening the time of teaching a foreign language.
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Lentz, Jennifer J., Larry E. Humes, and Gary R. Kidd. "Differences in Auditory Perception Between Young and Older Adults When Controlling for Differences in Hearing Loss and Cognition." Trends in Hearing 26 (January 2022): 233121652110661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211066180.
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This study was designed to examine age effects on various auditory perceptual skills using a large group of listeners (155 adults, 121 aged 60–88 years and 34 aged 18–30 years), while controlling for the factors of hearing loss and working memory (WM). All subjects completed 3 measures of WM, 7 psychoacoustic tasks (24 conditions) and a hearing assessment. Psychophysical measures were selected to tap phenomena thought to be mediated by higher-level auditory function and included modulation detection, modulation detection interference, informational masking (IM), masking level difference (MLD), anisochrony detection, harmonic mistuning, and stream segregation. Principal-components analysis (PCA) was applied to each psychoacoustic test. For 6 of the 7 tasks, a single component represented performance across the multiple stimulus conditions well, whereas the modulation-detection interference (MDI) task required two components to do so. The effect of age was analyzed using a general linear model applied to each psychoacoustic component. Once hearing loss and WM were accounted for as covariates in the analyses, estimated marginal mean thresholds were lower for older adults on tasks based on temporal processing. When evaluated separately, hearing loss led to poorer performance on roughly 1/2 the tasks and declines in WM accounted for poorer performance on 6 of the 8 psychoacoustic components. These results make clear the need to interpret age-group differences in performance on psychoacoustic tasks in light of cognitive declines commonly associated with aging, and point to hearing loss and cognitive declines as negatively influencing auditory perceptual skills.
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Kindras, Iryna. "SELECTION OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH MATERIAL FOR TEACHING FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS OF ORAL TURKISH MONOLOGICAL STATEMENTS ON THE ELEMENTARY LEVEL." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy, no. 1 (7) (2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-3699.2018.7.06.
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The article investigates of language and speech material for teaching future philologists of oral Turkish monological statements on the elementary level. In particular, the difficulties of teaching Turkish on the elementary level are analyzed, the criteria for selection of material for formation oral Turkish monological statements of students on the elementary level are proposed. Analysis of the literature on psychology showed that the quality of teaching process depends on the individual capabilities of the student and other factors that affect the teaching process. These factors include difficulties of teaching Turkish on the elementary level. According to the functional and psychological scheme of production oral monological statements the difficulties associated with the occurrence of a natural need of expression in a foreign language and the complexity of the definition of speaking and composition related to the definition of semantic content and logical sequence expression, means and methods of forming opinions and the difficulty of developing and implementing articulation program are differentiated. In addition, o the elementary level of study of Turkish language students facing the difficulties caused by the consequences interlingual interference. Interlingual interference affects basic aspects of language such as phonetics, grammar and semantics and can be a obstacle in learning a foreign language. Among the linguistic difficulties selected: phonetic (presence of phonemes that are not in native language; no equivalents of some consonants in the Ukrainian language [s]> [j]; [ğ]> yumuşak g; «law of consonants harmony (Ünsüz benzeşmesi)"; shift of emphasis), lexical (words similar in sound, adoption, use expressions that do not have equivalents; use established pair of expressions), morphological (agglutination; a special system case) and syntactic (reverse word order, punctuation rules of Turkish language different from Ukrainian). Selection lexical material should be based on the following criteria: frequency, themes and communicative value; for the selection of grammatical material defined such criteria as: frequency, the necessity and structural excellence; for the phonetic material we propose such criteria as: the degree of difficulty in mastering the phonetic phenomenon and normativity. The criteria of selection of educational texts for reading and listening are authenticity, speech excellence; availability; compliance with program requirements, age-related interests and needs of students and also the criterion of limited time of soundtracks.
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Nikolaev, Sergey, and Emil Sarkisov. "The dynamic specificity of interlingual interference within the context of virtual space: towards the theoretical framework of the phenomenon (by the example of political discourse)." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 11011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127311011.
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This paper deals with the problem of interference within the context of language convergence in virtual space. The study aims to analyze in detail the role of virtual space communication as a new favorable environment for interferential processes not just on the structural level, on the conceptual level too, since deviation from language norms as a serving instrument in terms of formation of the linguistic picture of the world results in changing the way one conceptualizes reality. The major research methods are contrastive analysis and conceptual analysis. The practical significance of the research is determined by the fact that its results can be used in the educational process, for example, when teaching various courses in intercultural communication, political psychology, sociology, cultural and contact linguistics, (foreign) language teaching, cross-cultural pragmatics, etc. The authors come to a conclusion that significant modifications on the conceptual level occur due to language contacts intensification and because of a stable interference pattern in speech and affect communicants’ behavior. This in turn leads to conceptual transformation in language and, as a result, in the way of thinking. The most significant manifestation of this phenomenon can be seen in the political life of the society.
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Mel’nik, Yuliya A. "Foreign Language Accent in Russian Speech of the Mongols As a Result of Interference of Language Systems." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 30 (2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2021-30-72-76.
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The article analyses the most typical phonetic and intonational mistakes that arise in the speech of the Mongols when mastering the Russian language. Such mistakes create a specific foreign accent, and can be an obstacle to successful communication. Phonetic and intonational differences in the speech of the Russian-speaking Mongols are due to the influence of the phonological system of their native language, as well as the diverse structure of the compared languages (consonant and vocal), the discrepancy of articulation bases, and the peculiarities of the organization of the super-segment level. The practice shows that Mongol students experience significant difficulties in mastering the phonetics and intonation of the Russian language; the formed accent is very stable and difficult to correct, so it is important to work on pronunciation at the initial stages of language learning. The most effective, according to the author, is a comparative methodology based on a comparative description. The given material can be useful for practicing teachers working in a Mongolian-speaking audience, who are interested in correct pronunciation, who want to get an idea of the phonetic systems of the compared languages to prevent typical mistakes and correct them.
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Khotinets, Vera Yu, and Sofya A. Salnova. "Executive Functions and Their Relationship with the Development of Russian Speech in Bilingual and Monolingual Children." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, no. 3 (2020): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-3-412-425.
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The article discusses the results of a study of the relationship between executive functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working (speech and visual) memory and the development of Russian speech in children with natural bilingualism and monolinguals in older preschool age. The study involved 63 preschool children (50.8% - boys) aged from 5.6 to 7.3 years (M = 6.42, Med = 6.4) from preschool institutions of Izhevsk (Udmurt Republic). The sample included 31 children with natural bilingualism (Udmurt/Russian language) and 32 monolinguals (Russian language). Standardised methods in the Russian-language version were used to identify the executive functions: the method of verbal-colour interference of by J. Stroop (inhibitory control), the method of studying the learning ability by A.Y. Ivanova (cognitive flexibility) and the test tasks Speech Memory and Visual Memory (working memory). The level of speech development was measured using the test tasks Speech Antonyms, Speech Classifications and Arbitrary Mastery of Speech developed by L.А. Yasyukova. The following mathematical statistics methods were used: descriptive statistics, Mann - Whitney U-test and Spearman rank correlations. According to the results of the study, the facts of the advantages of bilingualism in older preschool age in executive functions, in particular, in inhibitory control cognitive flexibility and speech memory were confirmed. At the same time, no general patterns were determined in the development of Russian speech (L2) in connection with the development of the executive functions of bilingual children: this is explained by the individualisation of the processes of linking the components of speech activity in the second language and cognitive control. In monolingual preschoolers, the speech development in their native language (L1) is associated with the formation of higher mental (executive) functions and the development of the ability to control information processing.