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Journal articles on the topic 'Speech simplification'
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1
Engstrand, Olle, and Diana Krull. "Simplification of phonotactic structures in unscripted Swedish." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31, no. 1 (2001): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100301001049.
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Informal listening suggests that unscripted Swedish shows a tendency to produce alternating contoid and vocoid articulations which relate to more complex consonant and vowel structures at the phonological level. To test this hypothesis, two unscripted monologues and, for comparison, a careful text reading were analyzed. The speech material was segmented using criteria based on the so-called sonority hierarchy. The results largely corroborated the hypothesis in showing that contoid-vocoid units appeared considerably more frequently in unscripted speech than suggested by conventional phonotactic analysis, and that some reduction effects appeared more frequently in the unscripted than in the read speech. The possibility that this reflects an underlying articulatory organization of spontaneous speech in terms of typologically basic CV units is discussed.
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Nishimura, Takeshi, Isao T. Tokuda, Shigehiro Miyachi, et al. "Evolutionary loss of complexity in human vocal anatomy as an adaptation for speech." Science 377, no. 6607 (2022): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm1574.
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Human speech production obeys the same acoustic principles as vocal production in other animals but has distinctive features: A stable vocal source is filtered by rapidly changing formant frequencies. To understand speech evolution, we examined a wide range of primates, combining observations of phonation with mathematical modeling. We found that source stability relies upon simplifications in laryngeal anatomy, specifically the loss of air sacs and vocal membranes. We conclude that the evolutionary loss of vocal membranes allows human speech to mostly avoid the spontaneous nonlinear phenomena and acoustic chaos common in other primate vocalizations. This loss allows our larynx to produce stable, harmonic-rich phonation, ideally highlighting formant changes that convey most phonetic information. Paradoxically, the increased complexity of human spoken language thus followed simplification of our laryngeal anatomy.
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Arakelyan, Ruzanna. "On Foreigner Talk." Armenian Folia Anglistika 8, no. 1-2 (10) (2012): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2012.8.1-2.109.
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The article sums up the main functions and characteristics of the use of a foreign language. The importance of certain changes that contribute to the perception of a foreign language has been addressed. These include slowing speech tempo, the number of pauses, clearer pronunciation, the simplification of the vocabulary, the use of the basic syntactic structures, repetition, etc. The investigation of a foreign speech is directly linked with simplification of the foreign language. Three main functions related to foreign speech are distinguished. It assists the communication process, the learning of the foreign language subconsciously and points out the attitude of the speaker towards the learners.
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Liu, Xiaobei, and Soo Ngee Koh. "Simplification of soft-bit speech decoding and application to MELP encoded speech." Electronics Letters 39, no. 3 (2003): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030188.
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Zena Matty Khidhir and Umayya Idris Younis. "Adults’ Simplification Strategies in Mosuli Arabic." مجلة آداب الفراهيدي 15, no. 52 (2023): 500–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.51990/jaa.15.52.2.27.
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The present study deals with the different means of simplification that Mosuli adult speakers use in order to facilitate their speech. It aims at studying the pronunciation of native speakers of Mosuli Arabic in different quarters of Mosul such as Al-Mahmodeen, Bab-Jadeed, Al-Mansour, Al-Hadbaa', Al-Masarif and Al-Muhandiseen, and to see whether pronunciation is different according to the variable of age and gender. So, 85 subjects (males and females) were needed for this study. They were divided into two groups: the first group contained 45 persons which was devoted to study pronunciation according to the variable of age, the second group; on the other hand, contained 40 persons which was devoted to study pronunciation according to the variable of gender. Their speech has been recorded and analyzed. It is found that pronunciation is different in Mosul from one region to another and it is also different according to the variable of age and gender. So, within Mosuli dialect, there exist many different accents. Moreover, it is found that old-aged followed by middle-aged people used more simplification strategies such as lisping inclination, substitution, etc., than young people. Also, females used more simplification strategies than males.
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GENOVESE, Giuliana, Maria SPINELLI, Leonor J. ROMERO LAURO, Tiziana AURELI, Giulia CASTELLETTI, and Mirco FASOLO. "Infant-directed speech as a simplified but not simple register: a longitudinal study of lexical and syntactic features." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 1 (2019): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000643.
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AbstractInfant-directed speech (IDS) is a specific register that adults use to address infants, and it is characterised by prosodic exaggeration and lexical and syntactic simplification. Several authors have underlined that this simplified speech becomes more complex according to the infant's age. However, there is a lack of studies on lexical and syntactic modifications in Italian IDS during the first year of an infant's life. In the present study, 80 mother–infant dyads were longitudinally observed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months during free-play interactions. Maternal vocal productions were subsequently coded. The results show an overall low lexical variability and syntactic complexity that identify speech to infants as a simplified register; however, the high occurrence of complex items and well-structured utterances suggests that IDS is not simple speech. Moreover, maternal IDS becomes more complex over time, but not linearly, with a maximum simplification in the second half of the first year.
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Klein, Harriet B., and May Liu-Shea. "Between-Word Simplification Patterns in the Continuous Speech of Children With Speech Sound Disorders." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 40, no. 1 (2009): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2008/08-0008).
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Putri, Evi Jovita, and Zakia Rachmah. "SIMPLIFICATION IN PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION (A CASE STUDY OF ATALA)." Pujangga 7, no. 1 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v7i1.1108.
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<p>This study aims to determine a child’s language acquisition at the phonological level and to describe its simplification of sounds. This research is a case study applying a qualitative descriptive approach. The subject observed is Atala, a boy aged 28 months. The data are obtained by recording and direct observation approximately one month. The data are transcribed and then identified by comparing the child's pronunciation with adult mode in order to see the simplification of the sounds in the child's speech. Based on the Ingram’s theory, 34 data presented shows the simplifications of sounds occur in the form of substitution consisting of stopping (6), fronting (9), and gliding (5); assimilation containing consonant harmony (3) and vowel harmony (2); while syllable structure consisting of last consonant reduction (2) and initial onset reduction (7). It is found that the simplifications of sounds commonly happen on the substitution covering fronting and stopping then syllable structure covering initial onset reduction. It is due to an indication that the child is imperfect to actively move the articulators in appropriate place or manner of articulation especially in producing some fairly complex sounds. There are some sounds cannot be produced in this case, such as sounds [r], [s], and [g], the subject obviously simplifies these sounds when he has to pronounce them in any positions of a word. Meanwhile he has been able to produce singly vowels and consonant [a], [i], [u], [e], [o], [p], [b], [t], [d], [m], [n], [ɲ], [ŋ], [w], [y], [j], [c], [l], [h], [?], but sometimes simplifies them in certain position of the word.</p>
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Lenne, Lucas, Alkahf Aboutiman, Jan Selzer, Florian Schelle, Patrick Chevret, and Etienne Parizet. "Simplified expressions of uncertainty for single number quantities in ISO 3382-3 (2022)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 5 (2024): 2909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0025762.
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The ISO 3382-3 (2022) standard defines single number quantities (SNQs) characterizing the spatial decay of speech (D2S, LpAS4m, rC) and of its intelligibility (rD). The standard assesses the accuracy of the measurement using a unique uncertainty value for each SNQ, relying on a round-robin test performed in a single office. To make this assessment more accurate, analytical expressions have been established by applying the law of propagation of uncertainty. These expressions, although precise, are too complex to be included in the standard. This work consists of their simplification, relying on 95 measurements conducted in 36 companies in France and Germany. First, the terms associated with distance measurement uncertainties were found to be negligible. Second, the estimation of the uncertainties of A-weighted speech levels and Speech Transmission Index, based on the measurements made at the workstations constituting the 95 paths, enabled further simplifications. Finally, simplified expressions turn out to be as accurate as the original expressions, and the estimated uncertainties are comparable to those reported by Yadav et al. (2019). If a unique value of uncertainty is to be retained for each SNQ, this study suggests 0.6 dB for D2S and LpAS4m, 7% for rC, and 10% for rD.
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Bohaček, Ana-Marija, and Maja Cepanec. "“It's not just what we say or do, but how we say and do it”." Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja 59, no. 2 (2023): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/hrri.59.2.5.
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Infant-directed speech (IDS) and infant-directed actions (IDA) represent specific behavioural modifications of adults when they communicate with infants and young children. Infant-directed modifications (IDMs) have specific behavioural representations marked by high positive affection, greater expressiveness, simplification, and increased repetition. Both IDS and IDA appear as part of the same larger behavioural system of IDMs. However, so far, studies have analysed the features and functions of these behaviours separately. Compared to adult-directed speech, IDS is characterised by longer pauses, a slower tempo, more prosodic repetition, higher fundamental frequency, longer vowels, repetitive intonation structures, and greater melodiousness. In IDA, compared to adult-directed actions, the amplitude of movements, simplification, and number of repetitions tend to increase as the distance between communication partners decrease. In this review, we draw a parallel between IDS and IDA to show that adults change both their speech and actions in similar ways and that both actions and speech change depending on the infant’s age and/or developmental stage. We discuss possible (biological) mechanisms that elicit the use of IDS and IDA and argue that this specific type of adult behaviour has a unique impact on how infants perceive and process information. Insights on biological, behavioural, and functional aspects of IDMs could provide a new perspective on the importance of early interactions and knowledge acquisition in both typically developing children and those with developmental disorders.
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Hovhannisyan, Hasmik, and Hossep Dolatian. "Simplification principles and child language development in Armenian." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 8 (December 7, 2023): 226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/zkvc5m80.
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At certain stages of their general cognitive development and language acquisition, children apparently employ their innately growing (cognitive) knowledge and skills to meet the challenges they face in L1 acquisition. Among other things, children use different sets of simplification strategies, such as cropping words, replacing or displacing syllables or syllabic constituents, omitting suffixes, and using simpler syntax. We catalog processes like fortition, reduplication, and the various stages of acquisition. This paper presents some language development data in Armenian children. Empirically, our study is one of the few (if only) known studies on the language acquisition of Armenian. The data provides valuable theoretical insight into the strategies that children pursue in communication, as well as in cognitive processing of speech.
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Wardana, I. Ketut, Nengah Astawa, and I. Wayan Soper. "Vowel And Consonant Simplification In Speech Disorder: An Analysis Of Segmental Phonology." International Journal of Linguistics and Discourse Analytics (ijolida) 3, no. 1 (2021): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52232/ijolida.v3i1.47.
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The objective of the study is to investigate the sound simplification of speech output in Broca's aphasics and describe the effect of the alteration within phonological features from the perspective of Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP). The speech output of two patients was exposed using phonological tasks and recorded with a Sonny voice recorder. The effect of features in substitution sonority was measured with the Wilcoxon's test and acoustic features were analyzed with Praat. The results of the study revealed that the consonant substitution and omission errors in Broca’s aphasia occur in the initial position due to the lesion in the anterior part of the left brain and that the less marked features that are statistically substituted by marked features are not significantly affected by marked features that are substituted by less marked features. The substitution was dominantly influenced by neighboring segments and the sonority violance occured againts the sonority scale
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Auer, Peter, and Vanessa Siegel. "Grammatical Gender in the German Multiethnolect." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 33, no. 1 (2021): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542720000082.
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While major restructurings and simplifications have been reported for gender systems of other Germanic languages in multiethnolectal speech, this article demonstrates that the three-way gender distinction of German is relatively stable among young speakers from an immigrant background. We investigate gender in a German multiethnolect based on a corpus of approximately 17 hours of spontaneous speech produced by 28 young speakers in Stuttgart (mainly from Turkish and Balkan background). German is not their second language, but (one of) their first language(s), which they have fully acquired from childhood. We show that the gender system does not show signs of reduction in the direction of a two-gender system, nor of wholesale loss. We also argue that the position of gender in the grammar is weakened by independent innovations, such as the frequent use of bare nouns in grammatical contexts where German requires a determiner. Another phenomenon that weakens the position of gender is the simplification of adjective-noun agreement and the emergence of a generalized gender-neutral suffix for prenominal adjectives (that is, schwa). The disappearance of gender and case marking in the adjective means that the grammatical category of gender is lost in Adj + N phrases (without a determiner).
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Maletina, Oxana Andreevna, and Alexander Olegovich Yakovlev. "Linguistic features of the speech portrait of an American showman." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 11 (2023): 3729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230572.
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The aim of the study is to identify the lexical and grammatical characteristics of the speech of American showmen. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the analyzed speech characteristics of American TV presenters help to understand the mechanism of influencing the audience and the formation of public opinion in American society, namely, the lexical and grammatical features of conversational speech for the purpose of having an impact on the recipients. As a result, the lexical and grammatical features of the speech of American showmen demonstrating a high focus on establishing contact with the audience were revealed. The linguistic specificity of an American showman’s speech portrait reflects the focus of the talk show on keeping the viewer’s attention, therefore, slang and colloquial vocabulary, interjections, simplification of grammatical structures (reduced forms, simple sentences, incomplete phrases, disjunctive questions) are so frequent to help the average American to perceive the main points of the conversation properly.
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Issidorides, Diana C. "Comprehensie van Vreemdtalige Input." Taalverwerving in onderzoek 30 (January 1, 1988): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.30.03iss.
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Within a psycholinguistic approach to second language learning, an attempt is made to investigate the question of how morphology, syntax (word order phenomena), semantics and pragmatics affect the comprehension of Dutch sentences for normative learners of that language. When talking to nonnative language-learners, native spea-kers often tend to dehberately modify their speech -'simplify' it - in an attempt to make the target language more comprehensible. Omitting semantically redundant function words and copulas, or deliberate-ly modifying the word order in a sentence, are but a few characteris-tics of sucn 'simplifications'. In trying to determine whether, and what kinds of, linguistic simplifications promote comprehension, an important theoretical issue arises, namely, the relationship between linguistic (structural) and cognitive (ease of information processing) simplification. That one form of simplification is by no means a guarantee for the other form is an important assumption that forms the backbone to our approach. The results from research on morphological simplifications (omission of redundant function words in utterances) in two parallel experiments - an artificial and a natural language one (Dutch) - are discus-sed. They suggest that the presence of semantically redundant functi-on words is not experienced as bothersome "noise" in the successful inference of the meaning of unfamiliar utterances, as long as supra-segmental cues are present. The suprasegmental structure provides the listener/learner with cues for locating the potentially meaningful elements of such utterances. Research on syntactic simplifications is also discussed. Its aim was to examine the role and effect of syntactic and semantic cues on sen-tence interpretation. Two important questions were: (a) What are the processing strategies and cues responsible for the interpretation of Dutch sentences by native speakers, and how do they compare to those employed by nonnative speakers? (b) Are the processing stra-tegies and cues that are responsible and decisive for first language comprehension also those employed in second language comprehension? The performance of Dutch control subjects on a Dutch sentence interpretation task is presented, and hypotheses are put forward as to the locus and cause of eventual performance differences in a nonnative subject population (English learners of Dutch). Some relevant theoretical implications of our findings are also mentioned.
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Hayes, Donald P., and Margaret G. Ahrens. "Vocabulary simplification for children: a special case of ‘motherese’?" Journal of Child Language 15, no. 2 (1988): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900012411.
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ABSTRACTA new corpus of spontaneous conversations between adults and children is examined for evidence that adults simplify their vocabulary choices when speaking with young children. If these simplifications are found to be age-dependent, then they would broaden the pattern of simplifications characteristic of ‘motherese’ to include lexical choice as well. For the age-range newborns to 12 years, the results are both consistent with and contrary to the attested set of grammatical simplifications. In this corpus, MLU and TTR are strongly age-dependent, but adults do not choose their words from the 10,000 most common word-types in English in an age-dependent manner. Rather, the additional types for school-aged children come from the same part of the vocabulary and share the same-shaped distributions as in adult speech with preschool children and infants. This absence of an age-dependent accommodation in word choice has implications for models of child lexical acquisition which assume adult language accommodation.
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Christenfeld, Nicholas. "Effects of a Metronome on the Filled Pauses of Fluent Speakers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 6 (1996): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3906.1232.
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Filled pauses (the "ums" and "uhs" that litter spontaneous speech) seem to be a product of the speaker paying deliberate attention to the normally automatic act of talking. This is the same sort of explanation that has been offered for stuttering. In this paper we explore whether a manipulation that has long been known to decrease stuttering, synchronizing speech to the beats of a metronome, will then also decrease filled pauses. Two experiments indicate that a metronome has a dramatic effect on the production of filled pauses. This effect is not due to any simplification or slowing of the speech and supports the view that a metronome causes speakers to attend more to how they are talking and less to what they are saying. It also lends support to the connection between stutters and filled pauses.
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Leandro Parreira Duarte, Ricardo, Abdennour El Rhalibi, and Madjid Merabti. "Coarticulation and speech synchronization in MPEG-4 based facial animation." Kybernetes 43, no. 8 (2014): 1165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2014-0139.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a novel coarticulation and speech synchronization framework compliant with MPEG-4 facial animation (FA). Design/methodology/approach – The system the authors have developed uses MPEG-4 FA standard and other development to enable the creation, editing and playback of high-resolution 3D models; MPEG-4 animation streams; and is compatible with well-known related systems such as Greta and Xface. It supports text-to-speech for dynamic speech synchronization. The framework enables real-time model simplification using quadric-based surfaces. Findings – The preliminary experiments show that the coarticulation technique the authors have developed gives overall good and promising results when compared to related techniques. Originality/value – The coarticulation approach provides realistic and high performance lip-sync animation, based on Cohen-Massaro's model of coarticulation adapted to MPEG-4 FA specification.
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Nyarko, Isaac, Kwasi Adomako, and John Odoom. "Assessing the Phonological Processes in Akan Child Language." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2023): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v12i1.2.
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This paper seeks to examine the phonological processes embedded in the speech errors of child phonology in Akan, a Niger-Congo (Kwa) language. The study has become necessary because cross-linguistically, several works have been undertaken on child language acquisition but very little or no attention has been given to that of Akan. Most of these works on African languages have centered on the acquisition processes with little on the phonological processes underpinning child language. Therefore, this study bridges the gap by providing a discussion of some phonological processes that underline the acquisition of Akan children. In the course of the phonological development of the Akan child as part of language acquisition, these processes occur as phonological simplification strategies to resolve relatively challenging natural adult forms of Akan expressions. This is either due to an articulatory accident or a defect in the speech organ. It is against this backdrop that Fromkin (1973) opines that a slip of tongue is evidence of a phonological process in action. Hence, this paper concludes that the inadequacies in child language acquisition trigger various phonological processes such as vocalization, stopping, de-affrication, anteriorization, fronting, cluster reduction, reduplication as a phonological simplification strategy in the acquisition of Akan.
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Mirna, Wa. "KARAKTERISTIK BAHASA GURU DALAM INTERAKSI BELAJAR MENGAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA DI KELAS XII MIPA 2 SMAN 1 BANGIL KABUPATEN PASURUAN." Lingue : Jurnal Bahasa, Budaya, dan Sastra 1, no. 1 (2020): 54–67. https://doi.org/10.33477/lingue.v1i1.1178.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to describe the language characteristics of teachers in learning activities at SMAN 1 Bangil, Pasuruan Regency. Research data in the form of teacher's speech containing the characteristics of the teacher's language in the form of repetition, simplification, question sentences, code mixing, and code switching. The results showed the characteristics of the teacher's language in the teacher's speech during learning activities. Repetition is contained in the teacher's speech at SMAN 1 Bangil in class XII MIPA 2 when explaining, asking, ordering and strengthening. Simplification is in the speech at SMAN 1 Bangil in class XII MIPA 2 when asking questions and commanding. The question sentence is contained in the teacher's speech at SMAN 1 Bangil in class XII MIPA 2 when explaining, commanding, and asking questions. The code mix is contained in the teacher's speech at SMAN 1 Bangil in class XII MIPA 2 when explaining, asking, and reinforcing. The code switching is found in the teacher's activities at SMAN 1 Bangil in class XII MIPA 2 when asking questions, commanding, and strengthening. Keywords: teacher language, teacher language characteristics, learning activities Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan karakteristik bahasa guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di SMAN 1 Bangil Kabupaten Pasuruan. Data penelitian berupa tuturan guru yang mengandung karakteristik bahasa guru berupa repetisi, penyederhanaan, kalimat tanya, campur kode, dan alih kode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya karakteristik bahasa guru pada tuturan guru saat kegiatan pembelajaran. Repetisi terdapat dalam tuturan guru di SMAN 1 Bangil di kelas XII MIPA 2 saat menjelaskan, bertanya, memerintah dan menguatkan. Penyederhanaan terdapat dalam tuturan di SMAN 1 Bangil di kelas XII MIPA 2 saat bertanya dan memerintah. Kalimat Tanya terdapat dalam tuturan guru di SMAN 1 Bangil di kelas XII MIPA 2 saat menjelaskan, memerintah, dan bertanya. Campur kode terdapat dalam tuturan guru di SMAN 1 Bangil di kelas XII MIPA 2 saat menjelaskan, bertanya, dan menguatkan. Alih kode terdapat dalam kegiatan guru di SMAN 1 Bangil di kelas XII MIPA 2 saat bertanya, memerintah, dan menguatkan. Kata kunci: Bahasa guru, karaketeristik bahasa guru, kegiatan pembelajaran
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Xing, An Hao, Ta Li, Jie Lin Pan, and Yong Hong Yan. "Compact Wake-Up Word Speech Recognition on Embedded Platforms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.402.
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The wake-up word speech recognition system is a new paradigm in the field of automatic speech recognition (ASR). This new paradigm is not yet widely recognized but useful in many applications such as mobile phones and smart home systems. In this paper we describe the development of a compact wake-up word recognizer for embedded platforms. To keep resource cost low, a variety of simplification techniques are used. Speech feature observations are compressed to lower dimension and the simple distance-based template matching method is used in place of complex Viterbi scoring. We apply double scoring method to achieve a better performance. To cooperate with double scoring method, the support vector machine classifier is used as well. We were able to accomplish a performance improvement with false rejection rate reduced from 6.88% to 5.50% and false acceptance rate reduced from 8.40% to 3.01%.
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Schettino, Loredana, and Francesco Cutugno. "Quantifying and Characterizing Phonetic Reduction in Italian Natural Speech." Languages 10, no. 1 (2025): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10010014.
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The main purpose of this study is to test a method for the analysis of phonetic variation in natural speech. The method takes into account the continuous nature of the speech flow and allows for the investigation of the systematic variation phenomena that occur in the speech net of the cross-word coarticulation phenomena that are expected in connected speech. We will describe some of the most frequent phonetic variation patterns that may be observed in the speech chain seen as a sequence of syllables, in relation to internal syllabic structure and lexical stress. The present study concerns speech data from the Italian section of the NOCANDO corpus. The data consist of about 1000 syllables extracted from monological speech from different speakers. In two different analysis layers, we attempted to align the “phonological” expected form and observed realisation. The results of this attempt led to the definition of syllabic deletion, substitution, or insertion when the alignment fails. The proposed method provides insight into the phonetic variation processes that can systematically occur in natural speech with relation to specific linguistic structures; in particular, unstressed syllables are most likely to undergo variation phenomena, and systematic differences concern the syllabic position of the segmental change, in that the presence of lexical stress prevents vowel deletion or centralization, but allows for onset changes (such as consonant cluster simplification or lenition).
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Hu, Huaixiang, Jiatong Li, Chunchun Wu, Xueyang Li, and Yuping Chen. "Design and Implementation of Intelligent Speech Recognition System Based on FPGA." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2171, no. 1 (2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2171/1/012010.
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Abstract Under certain circumstances, where GPU is not available, the computing power of the CPU alone may not be sufficient enough to run speech recognition system efficiently. As a reconfigurable heterogeneous device, FPGA has the characteristics of high parallelism, low power consumption, and high flexibility. It can support high-performance computing acceleration for speech recognition applications. In order to implement speech recognition system on an specified computing platform, a speech recognition system architecture is proposed, which is based on software and hardware cooperative computing technology that focus on FPGA. First, a system architecture based on gated convolutional neural network is designed, with the simplification of the traditional speech recognition system architecture. Then a modular design idea is used to map the gated convolutional neural network operator to the FPGA hardware logic. Further through the state machine to schedule and control the data stream and operators, to achieve the flexible acceleration of the voice recognition network model. AISHELL data set is used to carry out the test, where presents remarkable improvement on computing performance, compared with Feiteng 1500A processor, the efficiency is improved by 18.1 times.
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Nahdiyyati, Baiq, Zuhdiniati Zuhdiniati, Misnawati Misnawati, Baik Rahmi Aulia Az-Zahra, Rabiul Awal, and Hary Murcahyanto. "Optimalisasi Tindak Tutur Direktif Guru Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa dalam Proses Pembelajaran." Journal of Elementary School (JOES) 6, no. 2 (2023): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joes.v6i2.7236.
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This study aims to describe the use of teachers' directive speech acts in students' character-building during the learning process. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Primary data was collected in the form of speech from teachers in the form of directive speech acts. Primary data sources were obtained through direct observation or observation in the field. Secondary data were collected by recording. The subjects in this study were 11 subject teachers. Secondary data sources were obtained through documentation and direct recording. Data analysis went through six steps, including data collection, data simplification, data presentation, data classification, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. In this study, the interaction conditions observed include: when entering the classroom, when starting the lesson, during the lesson, when the teacher gives assignments to students when the teacher asks for assignments from students, when the teacher asks students to correct the assignments, when concluding the lesson, and when ending the lesson. The conclusion is that the most dominant directive speech acts used are invitations, orders, and requests. The characteristics formed include discipline, religion, respect, curiosity, enthusiasm, responsibility, independence, hard work, collaboration, caring, and honesty.
 Keywords: directive speech acts, character, learning.
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Lobachova, Iryna. "COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE BORROWINGS IN THE MODERN YOUTH SPEECH." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 12(80) (2021): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2021-12(80)-150-153.
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The article clarifies the place of anglicisms in the Ukrainian language, identifies the functional features of English borrowings in youth communication. Anglicisms function organically in the modern lexical system of the Ukrainian language. They both freely entered various spheres of public life, and the speech of young people, who react quickly to foreign language innovations, actively using them in their communication. The main characteristic of young people’s speech is using slang, jargon and anglicisms, which leads to the simplification of the language of communication. It is found out that the existence of anglicisms in the modern Ukrainian language is a response to external circumstances: the growing importance of English for future career prospects, improving personal skills, the establishment of international relations of Ukraine with foreign English-speaking countries, popularization of Western culture, way of life, views, etc. It is singled out the groups of English borrowings, which allow to join the understanding of certain realities of a foreign language environment: direct borrowings, derivatives, exoticisms, foreign exclamations, composites, etc. It is found out that the reasons for borrowing anglicisms in the Ukrainian language are the need to name new objects, concepts and phenomena; the lack of appropriate name; the need to specify the meaning of the word; time challenge; the need to convey due to anglicisms ambiguous descriptive inversions, etc. The functional goal of anglicisms is determined: the name of a completely new subject, reality or concept that arose outside the Ukrainian-speaking world; replacement of words already available in the language. Anglicisms in youth communication have a special stylistic functionality and are represented by different stylistic language units that can be used for different purposes, mainly to achieve the effect of novelty, color transfer and language simplification.
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Nagornyy, I. A. "MODUS-RESPONSE FUNCTION OF PARTICLES IN A TEXT DIALOG." Culture and Text, no. 48 (2022): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2305-4077-2022-1-212-223.
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The article establishes the parameters of actualizing the information given in a text by particles in the Russian language, the communicative and pragmatic properties of particles in a text dialogue are detailed, the problem of functioning of particles in the communicative process is analyzed, the text-speech and logical-linguistic characteristics of inarticulate sentences formed by particles in Russian are correlated. The question of the specifics of the textual functioning of particles as modal-response qualifiers is analyzed. An attempt is made to identify the features of the influence of particles on the semantic field of speech dialogue, the communicative processes of semantic compression and structural simplification, reflected by particles in a modal-response inarticulate sentence, are investigated. The functional and communicative properties of particles in the process of expressing the speaker’s point of view and communicating this point of view to the addressee in a text dialogue are determined. It is proved that some Russian particles have a communicatively conditioned status of structurizers and response speech signs functioning in the qualifying zone of speech dialogue when actualizing the reduced type of judgments.
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Konyaeva, Yulia Mikhailovna, and Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Samsonova. "Sarcastic evaluation in mass media as a way of discrediting a person: Greta Thunberg case." European Journal of Humour Research 9, no. 1 (2021): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2021.9.1.konyaeva.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of a sarcastic evaluation of a person, which leads to their discrediting in media texts. Sarcastic evaluation is considered in terms of linguistic praxeology: the language and compositional means of nomination, description, and actions are analyzed. In a media text, these means interact with the means of expressing the category of deviance and forming semantic nodes. The category of deviance can manifest itself, on the one hand, in exuberance or the absurd, while on the other, in simplification or insufficiency of the sign revelation. Also, specific sarcastic speech techniques are identified. They are based on the discrepancy of referent and illocutionary meanings in the person’s speech portrait. The study of Russian media discourse about Swedish eco-activist Greta Thunberg revealed the active use of linguistic means expressing sarcastic evaluation to demonstrate the opposing viewpoint in relation to the transmitted semantic position of “Other”. When the media represents Greta in the totality of her disadvantages, this enters into a polemic against those who support the ideas of this person. With the help of sarcasm, the media shows the absurdness and failure of these ideas. In this case, a sarcastic evaluation becomes an instrument of discrediting not only the person him/herself, but also his/her views and associates. Linguistic means of sarcastic evaluation are widely represented in discrediting media texts. The most important of them are means such as absurdity, hyperbole, alogism, simplification, etc.
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Rosen, Anna. "The fate of linguistic innovations." Linguistic Innovations 2, no. 2 (2016): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.2.2.08ros.
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Drawing on spoken corpus data, this study traces the emergence and development of Norman French-influenced innovations in the nativised L2 variety of Jersey English and compares them to features in the speech of French-speaking learners of English. The comparison shows that such innovations do not differ from errors in a learner variety on a formal linguistic level and that they arguably result from the same processes as are present in foreign language acquisition, such as transfer or simplification. The paper therefore argues that innovations can only be identified reliably in retrospect, once they are more widely accepted in the speech community. It also points to the social factors that are crucial in shaping the use and probable fates of former innovations in Jersey English and suggests a typology of innovations according to their developments.
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Hammoudi, Khadidja. "The urban Tlemcenian glottal stop in a prospective coma due to contact and accommodation: A cross-sectional investigation." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 11, no. 2 (2021): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v11i2.5687.
Full textAbstract:
Although many researchers have attempted to include age as a variable in explaining linguistic variation, the delicate mechanisms via which variability in speech relates to age-grading aspect are still incomplete in especially lesser-known Arabic-speaking communities akin to Tlemcen, an urban city in Algeria. This paper aims at cross-sectionally investigating the sociolinguistic situation occurring in the Tlemcen speech community especially concerning the use of the glottal stop, an urban realisation of classical Arabic qaf. With the help of a survey interview, questionnaire and non-participant observation, data were collected from a convenient sample of 122 participants of different age cohorts and genders from Tlemcen. The results show that the dialect contact taking place in the community is moving towards aspects of koineisation, mainly levelling and simplification. Social and psychological features are said to explain the dialectal ruralisation guided by post-adolescent and young male native urban dialect speakers, while females of all ages, including old people, are strictly preservative. Keywords: Accommodation, age, dialect contact, glottal stop, Tlemcen, speech community.
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Nila, Tasmia Azim, Sonia Islam Nisha, and Mst Meherunnessa Mim. "Comparing Speech Production Errors of 3 to 5 Year Old Bengali Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in Two Contexts: Word Naming And Sentence Repetition." Social Science Review 40, no. 2 (2024): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v40i2.72206.
Full textAbstract:
Research suggests various standardized assessment tools to collect and analyze the speech of the individual with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). Despite the importance of developing an assessment framework for the growing CLP population, documentation on Bengali cleft speech is limited. This study aims to investigate the phonetic differences that happen in the speech sound production of 3 to 5-year-old Bengali-speaking CLP children in two different contexts: single word and sentence repetition. It also aims to evaluate the effects of these two speech assessment tools in those children’s phonological evaluation to identify the proper evaluation for CLP individuals. In total, 12 Bengali-speaking CLP children from 3 to 5 years old participated in each test. Thus, data has been collected from a sample of 24 with 79-word stimuli. Two types of speech materials were used: single-word naming and sentence repetition tasks. The samples were analyzed using narrow phonetic transcription for targeted speech items. The percentage of consonants correct (PCC), percentage of correct places (PCP), percentage of correct manners (PCM), as well as phonological simplification processes (PSP) were assessed from the samples. Results showed a range of word structures and place-manner features produced by CLP children in both tasks. Also, the PCC, PCP, PCM, and PSP results were considerably less accurate in the sentence repetition task, suggesting that the task may provide a more accurate assessment of the CLP population. Social Science Review, Vol. 40(2), December 2023 Page: 205-224
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Radyuk, Alexandra, and Ulfet Zakir Oglu Ibrahim. "Speech Manipulation in Motivational Business Lectures." Forum for Linguistic Studies 6, no. 6 (2024): 1018–28. https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i6.7587.
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The purpose of the article is to investigate manipulative strategies in public business media discourse. Relevance of this issue is predetermined by the linguopragamitic potential of public business speech. It is necessary to reconise and counteract manipulative techniques which leads to the need for linguistic research into manipulative tactics and most vulnerable targets of manipulation. On the basis of a collection of business lectures, 295 speeches were selected by continuous sampling to analyse persuasive manipulation strategies in the sphere of public business speech. The main research method was functional-pragmatic analysis which helped to reveal manipulative effects and covert intentions of public business media discourse. The paper makes a contribution to pragmatic studies of verbal manipulation and highlights specific manipulative traits of public business lectures: different degrees of preparation of the audience and the presenter, expectation as an important cognitive factor, and applying manipulation models (gradation model, background model, evaluative model, and indirect model). In addition, the concept of business media discourse is analysed and the levers of manipulative influence in motivational discourse are identified (emotions, cognitive sphere, social instincts). The authors conclude that simplification and stereotyping underly the manipulative potential of motivational public speeches. Practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that it helps to identify the speech means used to carry out manipulative influence. The study bridges the gap in the analysis of manipulative means of emergent hybrid genres of business discourse and lays grounds for theoretical analysis of strategies to counter verbal manipulation.
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Kurniati, Nur Utami Sari'at, Young Hun Koh, and Dong Hoon Kim. "PHONOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN INDONESIAN SYLLABIFICATION: INSIGHT FROM KOREAN LEARNERS." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 8, no. 2 (2024): 517–24. https://doi.org/10.30743/ll.v8i2.10071.
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This study is aimed at finding out how the differences in sound inventory and syllable structures between Indonesian and Korean influence the phoneme realization of Korean learners studying Indonesian. It involves 14 Korean learners and data for this study was obtained through documentation. The syllabification analysis showed that there were several processes occurring in speech production, such as simplification of the syllable structure, the addition and deletion of sound, and the change of sound segments. The simplification of the syllable was shown in the pronunciation of the consonant cluster, which was pronounced as two separate syllables. The addition of sound was obvious in some words, which was observable at the final position of the first syllable. The deletion of sound was found in the word ending in /r/, in which the sound was dropped. The sound change was overtly seen in the pronunciation of consonants /v/ and /r/. These processes might result from the different sound inventory and syllable structures between Korean and Indonesian. Some of those issues need to be addressed significantly since phonological errors might seriously interfere with understanding.
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Marpaung, Hery Wahyudi, and Hasan Sazali. "The Politics of Hate Speech Akun Fufufafa: Perspektif Etika Komunikasi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kohesi Sosial." Jurnal Indonesia : Manajemen Informatika dan Komunikasi 6, no. 2 (2025): 1427–38. https://doi.org/10.63447/jimik.v6i2.1437.
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This study discusses the phenomenon of political hate speech carried out by anonymous accounts "fufufafa", focusing on the perspective of communication ethics and its impact on social cohesion. Through a qualitative approach and case study method, an analysis was carried out on the content of the account upload using a critical discourse framework. The results of the study show that hate speech conveyed is systematic, attacks the personal aspects of political figures, and is full of ideological content that emphasizes the moral dichotomy between "us" and "them." Communication strategies such as simplification, labeling, framing, and social agitation are used to negatively shape public opinion and reinforce polarization. From the point of view of communication ethics, the act reflects a moral deviation because it ignores the values of empathy, respect, and social responsibility in digital communication. The psychosocial impacts that are caused include the stigmatization of minority groups, emotional trauma to individuals, and fragmentation in online communities. This research emphasizes the importance of digital literacy, strengthening ethical communication regulations, and public participation to prevent the spread of hate speech and maintain social integration in digital democracy. These findings are expected to be an academic and practical contribution in developing strategies for handling hate speech in Indonesia.
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Dewi, Erin Elvira. "Phonological Acquisition Symeea (Children the Age of 2 Years)." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture 3, no. 1 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v3i1.363.
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Every child who was born normally has the potential or language in him. Problems that often attract attention is about how the process of language acquisition a child. This research discusses acquisition of phonology as a young age 2 years named Symeea using contrasting theory and process introduced by Ingram. According to Ingram a child has system phonology adults with the creation its structure own and then change the structure of this if prescience on the system adults better. The development of phonology this through assimilation and accommodation that is constantly (according to the theory of Piaget): change the structure of to harmonized by the fact. Acquisition phonology child occurs through some process of simplification common involving all classes sound. This research using design descriptive qualitative research to described of language acquisition particularly to the field of phonology. Data sources in this research is a recording speech a child up to the age 2 years named Symeea on 27 December 2016. Data in this study collected with the observation to technique record and note. Based on the results of recording that has been done can be concluded that acquisition phonology on Symeea involving process substitution in each the phoneme /r/, /u/, /s/, and /a/. Acquisition phonology on Symeea also involved the process of assimilating especially in the phoneme /e/. In addition, happened the process structure syllables (simplification structure syllable) cluster of to the reduction/r/ in each said [pergi] and [rumah]. Speech of Symeea there was interference language the use of Sasak language inform the phrase.
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Litvishko, Olga M. "Professionally marked components of linguistic consciousness in popular-legal internet discourse: corpus analysis." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2024-2-43-57.
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The article is devoted to the study of the verbalization specifics of professionally marked components of linguistic consciousness in popular-legal Internet discourse. On the basis of the analysis of approaches to the study of linguistic consciousness, the connection between the components of linguistic consciousness and linguistic means verbalizing its subject meanings is established. The specificity of professional linguistic consciousness, which is verbalized by professionally marked linguistic means, is revealed. The material of the study included the posts of online legal counselling sites, which serve as an example of popular-legal Internet discourse. The paper identifies the criteria that allow us to define popular-legal Internet discourse as a discourse of mixed type, which has certain features and characteristics, in particular, a specific choice of linguistic means, mixing of styles, and simplification of professional language. The author substantiates the use of linguistic means characteristic of popular-legal Internet discourse. The corpus, frequency and concordance analyses confirm the author’s hypothesis about the conditionality of a lawyer’s speech by professional language consciousness. It is established that professionally marked components of language consciousness in popular-legal Internet discourse are lexical and syntactic units that serve as a means of conveying specialized professional information, demonstrate the logic of presentation of legally significant information, despite the tendencies of simplification of the legal language. The article reveals the most frequently used linguistic means of popular legal Internet discourse, which provide storage and reproduction of lexical information and grammatical operations in speech and represent professionally marked components of linguistic consciousness in the studied type of discourse.
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Osadcha, Larysa. "The Influence of Virtual Communication on the Lingual Picture of the World (on the Example of WebEnglish)." NaUKMA Research Papers. History and Theory of Culture 6 (June 21, 2023): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-8907.2023.6.45-50.
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The article analyzes language as a phenomenon of culture and emphasizes the ontological nature of language should be considered where the appearance of nouns in the language signifies the recognition of the existence of a thing or phenomenon. People pay attention and name the events that are most important in their lives. Therefore, dictionaries differ not only in the number of words but also in untranslatable concepts. Thus language determines what concepts can be thought in it. Due to historical conditions, the English language has become a means of international communication. The status has only strengthened in the era of virtual communication in networks. That is why the study seeks to answer two questions: how on-screen communication affects language changes and what are the consequences for the English language due to its lingual dominance. On-screen communication favors the dominance of written speech for chatting, but even messages expected to function as oral speech are being printed, leading to the simplification of grammar, spelling, and syntax. This has led to the creation of some abbreviations that have become multimeaning expressions widely used in everyday oral and official communication. Secondly, global English, or so-called WebEnglish (Weblish), is learned by communicators superficially, without diving into meaningful phraseological, idiomatic depths. This contributes to its creolization and simplification. Therefore, a worthy response to the challenges that Weblish poses to the English language is the protection of linguistic and cultural diversity and the implementation of a policy of multilingualism in the world.
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Lončar-Raičević, Aleksandra, and Nadežda Jović. "A contribution to the accentual characteristics in Svinica (Romania)." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 53, no. 4 (2023): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp53-43617.
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This paper represents the continuation of phonetic-phonological research within the project Research on the Culture and History of the Serbs in Romania, which takes place under the auspices of the Center for Scientific Research and Culture of the Serbs in Romania. It is based on field research conducted during September 2022, in Serbian settlements in the Danube Gorge in Romania (Svinica). The analysis of accent characteristics-the inventory and distribution of prosodes in the speech of Svinica-revealed that it is a specific mixed speech type in which elements of the three-accent system are present, but also the process of simplification and liquidation of tonal oppositions and the appearance of an expiratory accent, which is characteristic of the speeches of Eastern Serbia. The analysis of the linguistic material presented in the paper supports the thesis concerning the autochthonous Serbian population in the Banat Gorge.
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Maitz, Péter, and Attila Németh. "Language Contact and Morphosyntactic Complexity: Evidence from German." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 26, no. 1 (2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542713000184.
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The article focuses on the hypothesis that the structural complexity of languages is variable and historically changeable. By means of a quantitative statistical analysis of naturalistic corpus data, the question is raised as to what role language contact and adult second language acquisition play in the simplification and complexification of language varieties. The results confirm that there is a significant correlation between intensity of contact and linguistic complexity, while at the same time showing that there is a need to consider other social factors, and, in particular, the attitude of a speech community toward linguistic norms.*
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Apukhtina, Viktoriia. "Discursive features of describing speech disorders in modern scientific literature." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 4(61) (December 31, 2024): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2024.318997.
Full textAbstract:
The article is dedicated to analyzing the discursive features of describing speech disorders in contemporary scientific literature. The study emphasizes the importance of terminological precision, structural clarity, and stylistic adaptability in scientific texts that address speech disorders and corrective practices in speech therapy. The research is based on qualitative discourse analysis of texts, selected from peer-reviewed Ukrainian professional journals, published over the past five years. The objective of the study is to identify key characteristics influencing the perception and effective use of such texts by researchers, practitioners, and specialists in related fields. The analysis of structure, terminology, genre, and stylistic features of the texts revealed several challenges and trends in modern speech therapy literature. In particular, the study identified significant variations in terminology usage, which often create barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration. Additionally, many texts were found to lack sufficient adaptation for practitioners, complicating their application in real professional activities. Genre analysis highlighted a gap between theoretical studies, which often lack specific recommendations, and empirical works that focus on narrow aspects without broader generalizations. A set of recommendations for improving scientific texts is proposed, including the standardization of terminology, integration of practical examples, simplification of language, and adaptation of content for diverse audiences. Enhancing discursive strategies will contribute to improving the efficiency of interdisciplinary communication, the quality of educational materials, and the practical application of scientific research in speech therapy. The findings of this study can be used to develop methodological recommendations that ensure an integrative approach to addressing the tasks of speech therapy science
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Gudmanian, Artur, Liubov Drotianko, Sergiy Sydorenko, Oksana Zhuravliova, and Sergiy Yahodzinskyi. "Social transformations of speech culture in information age." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503081.
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The paper looks at the major technological, sociocultural and linguistic factors that are changing the nature of interpersonal communication in the Information Age, and some manifestations of these changes. Rapid progress of technology, above all, the advent of the Internet, brought about dramatic changes in the modes and parameters of human communication over the recent decades. New types of written communication arose and have firmly established themselves on the global scale – in social networks, chats, blogs, forums and various Internet communities. Having created unprecedented possibilities for connecting with people irrespective of their location, age or social status, innovative technology is at the same time challenging standards of communication ethics and speech culture. Sociocultural transformations in the modern society, democratization of social relations contribute to weakening of speech norms and deterioration of overall speech culture, especially among young people. The increasing role of English as a language of global communication and its reputation of the dominant language of new technology and virtual reality are inevitably influencing speech habits of the Internet users across the globe. The combined work of all these factors results in visible deterioration of speech culture, standardization and simplification of speech, elimination of cultural specificity, tendency to replace expressive language means with emoji, downgrading of style, defying norms of spelling, word use and grammar. Obvious irreversibility of technological progress and the growing share of life people spend online call on specialists from various related fields to continue comprehensive analysis of transformations of speech culture in the modern world with the aim to assess societal risks and work out timely and adequate countermeasures.
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Lazutkina, Elena M. "On the mechanisms of influence on speech practice in the era of war on the defeat of consciousness." Journal of Psycholinguistic, no. 2 (July 7, 2024): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2024-60-2-90-103.
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Russian language preservation in modern geopolitical conditions is the subject of the article: during the war to defeat consciousness in everyday speech communication, there is a struggle for the preservation of the Russian language, culture, and mentality of the nation. The article says that the national language is preserved only through the use of a literary language. The author shows the mechanisms of influence on speech use by artificially forming the evaluative background of an utterance in order to influence the motivational aspect of a linguistic personality – its pragmaticon.The article describes how humanitarian intervention creates factors of destruction of culture and national language: historically established ethical rules of communication are broken, stylistically reduced speech patterns, false concepts are introduced, the prestige of a high level of language proficiency is denied. The author identifies channels of powerful influence on the Russian language from the English language:the language of the media, professional speech, and the design of the visual space of all public venues. The author shows that the issue of literary language protection affects a wide range of humanitarian problems in the life of the country, that the introduction of Anglicisms harms the lexical diversity of the Russian language and leads to a simplification of the cognitive picture of the world of native speakers. The article says that speech practice is the subject of research in various modern sciences about the life of language in society.
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N., Dhinakaran, and Karthikeyan B.M. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN TAMIL SPEAKING HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN WITH COCHLEAR IMPLANTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (2021): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12355.
Full textAbstract:
Phonological Processes are simplification of sounds which occur among the children during the younger age and will gradually diminish giving an adult like speech form. The aim of the present study is to analyze the occurrence of phonological processes among hearing impaired children who underwent cochlear implant surgery during their younger age as an early intervention. The subjects included in the study were 10 children (5 male and 5 female) who were diagnosed with congenital total hearing impairment and underwent cochlear implant surgery and attending Auditory verbal therapy. The task given to the subjects in the present study is to repeat the words in Tamil Articulation Test followed by the Clinician. The words were recorded and further analyzed for the occurrence of phonological processes. The results show that a total of 26 phonological processes (both typical and atypical) occurred with a maximum occurrence of Depalatalization and minimally of Final Consonant Deletion. The results of the present study help in providing a better knowledge about the occurrence of phonological processes which helps the speech language pathologist in intervening hearing impaired children with cochlear implants and to improve their speech intelligibility.
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BUBNOVA, Galina I. "FRENCH SCHWA [ǝ] AT THE CROSSROADS OF LINGUISTICS, SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND NEURO-LINGUISTICS." Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Issue №1_2023 (September 23, 2023): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu-2074-1588-19-26-1-1.
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The sound [ǝ] refers to one of the most complex and variable phenomena observed in the French speech stream. One of the most important features of [ǝ] is its ability to be both a sound and an absence of sound in almost the same context, i.e. without changing the informative content of the message. The specificity of French [ǝ] also lies in the fact that it is pronounced as a labialized vowel. As a result, three rounded vowels of the front row and middle rise are pronounced in an unstressed syllable: fluent [ǝ] and harmonized [œ] and [ø]. Taking into account the acoustic and articulatory similarity of these sounds and the law of least effort, the [ǝ] ability for complete reduction could be expected to be transferred to [œ] and [ø], especially in rapid speech. Do these facts indicate the French unstressed vocalism tendency towards simplification? How is this variability tracked by the speaker while understanding and generating speech? The article summarizes empirical data (acoustic, articulatory and perceptual) on the [ǝ] variability from phonetic, sociolinguistic and neuro-linguistic studies. It highlights major challenges and open issues that should be addressed in further research.
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Hu, Min. "When Native Speakers Meet Non-Native Speakers: A Case Study of Foreigner Talk." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 13, no. 4 (2022): 790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1304.12.
Full textAbstract:
This study was triggered by speech modification in English overseas Chinese students encounter and find puzzling. Foreigner talk (FT) is such a type of modified speech used by native speakers (NSs) in their communication with non-native speakers (NNSs) in the form of linguistic simplification and foreigner-directed communication strategies. Based on a case study between Canadian and Chinese students, this study investigated FT through natural NS-NNS conversations and surveyed participants’ views on FT. The findings go beyond illustrating the features of FT in phonology, lexicon, syntax and discourse to unfold native and non-native speakers’ opposing views on FT, a conflict caused by NSs’ and NNSs’ different communicative goals based on communication accommodation theory (CAT), a sociolinguistic framework. This study is significant because a good understanding of this conflict, understudied by existing FT research, is vital to arousing NSs’ and NNSs’ awareness of each other’s attitudes towards FT to promote mutual understanding for effective NS-NNS communication.
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Hammoudi, Khadidja. "The urban Tlemcenian glottal stop in a prospective coma due to contact and accommodation: A cross-sectional investigation." International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2021): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijntss.v5i1.6104.
Full textAbstract:
Although many researchers have attempted to include age as a variable in explaining linguistic variation, the delicate mechanisms via which variability in speech relates to age-grading aspect are still incomplete in especially lesser-known Arabic-speaking communities akin to Tlemcen, an urban city in Algeria. This paper aims at cross-sectionally investigating the sociolinguistic situation occurring in the Tlemcen speech community especially concerning the use of the glottal stop, an urban realisation of classical Arabic qaf. With the help of a survey interview, questionnaire and non-participant observation, data were collected from a convenient sample of 122 participants of different age cohorts and genders from Tlemcen. The results show that the dialect contact taking place in the community is moving towards aspects of koineisation, mainly levelling and simplification. Social and psychological features are said to explain the dialectal ruralisation guided by post-adolescent and young male native urban dialect speakers, while females of all ages, including old people, are strictly preservative.
 
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Gregová, Renáta, and Renáta Panocová. "Distinctive Features of Phonemes and First Language Acquisition by a Normally Developing Child Without Hearing Impairment: Evidence from Slovak." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 4, no. 4 (2022): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v4i4.1086.
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Speech audiometry uses various types of perceptual tests for the diagnostics of hearing impairment. One of them is a matrix test (Akeroyd et al., 2015), originally prepared for adults, which fully respects the phonological rules of a language, including neutralizations of phonological oppositions based on distinctive features. The shorter version of this test, a so-called reduced matrix test, can be helpful in speech audiometry focusing on children and infants. The goal of our paper is to find out if distinctive features of phonemes are important in the process of first language acquisition. If yes, reduced matrix test aimed at children and infants can be created as a mere simplification of the matrix designed for adults (Panocová & Gregová, 2019). However, if distinctive features do not affect first language acquisition, completely new matrix has to be prepared for infants. The research was based on the longitudinal observation of two infants whose mother tongue is Slovak.
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RESENDE, VIVIANE DE MELO, YARA MARTINELLI, and ERNANI VIANA SARAIVA. "WHEN UNIVERSITY BECOMES THE ENEMY: HATE SPEECH ATTACKS ON FACEBOOK." Society Register 4, no. 1 (2020): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2020.4.1.03.
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The extreme right hate speech propagated currently in Brazil addresses a broad social spectrum, from feminist movements to traditional communities. The academic community and higher education institutions are also targets, as they are identified as poles of democratic resistance. Specific hate speech towards academy in Brazil is the subject of this paper. The persecution of academic community and knowledge itself occurs through the discursive dispute especially on social networks, and thus in this analytical exercise, we looked up at Facebook’s largest bolsonarista’s group – the “Jair Bolsonaro Presidency Support Group”, which brings together 317,000 members. We analyzed the memetic discourse on the page, focusing memes that were published between April and June 2019, thematizing higher public education, and presenting a bimodal verb-visual composition. These criteria led to the collection of 115 memes analyzed with the support of a QDA package. Analysis reveals the disqualification of university institutions and their actors through ironies, negative associations including stereotypes, simplification of debate to the shallower. Students are often associated with nudity as immorality, professors of indoctrination and ridicule, protesters of ignorance, or bad character. Political debate is reduced to extreme left-right polarization, with the criminalization of the left.
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Galkina, E. V., and S. V. Krasnoshchekova. "Typical Errors in Russian-Language Speech of Preschool Children in The Situation of Russian-Kyrgyz Bilingualism." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 22, no. 2 (2024): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2024-22-2-93-103.
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What mechanisms are involved in the acquisition of the Russian language by bilingual children? This question is widely studied on the speech of bilinguals. Most of the research is based on the data of bilingual children’s speech acquiring Russian as a native language, however not the dominant one. In this study, we consider a situation in which Russian is one of the two official languages of the country and the most relevant (dominant) one for the child. The aim of the paper is to analyze speech features of preschool children permanently residing in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek), to identify speech errors most typical of Russian-Kyrgyz bilingual children, to classify and compare them with those, characteristic of other groups of Russian learners. The material includes children’s oral picture-based narratives collected using the MAIN instrument. The narratives were audio recorded, then transcribed and analyzed. The main method of analysis was functional analysis of speech and language data. The analysis of the material shows that our informants used the same speech strategies as bilingual children acquiring Russian as a non-dominant language. The types of errors arising from the use of bilingual strategies are: non-distinguishing grammar gender due to the interference of the second language, use of original forms instead of oblique ones as well as a tendency to use “frozen” forms and constructions, both due to the strategy of simplification. Along with this, we have noted numerous innovations that are characteristic of Russian-speaking monolingual children of earlier age, as well as errors usual in children with atypical speech development. The errors were of similar nature, while the Russian input had different quantity and quality. This indicates the desire of both bilingual and monolingual children to simplify linguistic phenomena, which is probably an optimal cognitive strategy in the situation of parallel learning several languages.
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Wilhelm, Csilla-Anna. "Between Simplification and Complexification. German, Hungarian, Romanian Noun and Adjective Morphologies in Contact." Journal of Language Contact 10, no. 1 (2017): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01001004.
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This paper explores patterns in the integration of Hungarian and Romanian nouns as well as adjectives in the German dialect of the speech community of Palota, a German Sprachinsel in North-West-Romania. The main focus of the study is on both inflectional and derivational noun and adjective morphologies and on how they behave in the case of some more or less distantly related contact languages. Based on a select number of examples from first hand data and following standard code-mixing models such as that of Muysken (2000) and Myers-Scotton’s (1993, 2002) mlf model, it establishes a typology of code-mixing morphology ranging from more matrix language-like, i.e. German-like to more embedded language-like, i.e. Hungarian- and Romanian-like patterns and bare forms, suggesting an ongoing shifting process in the local German dialect of Palota towards a fused lect (Auer 1998). In terms of linguistic complexity, the present paper argues that this language shift process favour simplification of morphology in some domains, but also complexification in some other domains, supporting the idea that languages in long-term intensive contact settings become linguistically more complex (Trudgill, 2010, 2011; Fenyvesi, 2005; de Groot, 2005, 2008).
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Sinelnikova, Elena Fedorovna. "Speech of the Russian Nature Amateurs Society secretary on the simplification of scientific societies reporting forms, 1926." Петербургский исторический журнал, no. 2 (2022): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x_2022_2_157.
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