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Journal articles on the topic 'Speech-tone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Zhang, Yaxin. "Tone based speech recognition." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 4 (2003): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1627529.

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2

Stanford, James N. "Sociotonetics using connected speech." Asia-Pacific Language Variation 2, no. 1 (2016): 48–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.2.1.02sta.

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Abstract This is the first variationist sociotonetic study to use free-speech data for exploring tone. Due to the challenges of analyzing tone in free-speech data, prior work on sociotonetics has been limited to relatively formal speech styles: word lists, sentence frames, and phrase lists. But connected speech styles, including free speech and reading passages, are important for segmental sociophonetics and most other linguistic variables. Will free-speech data always be out of reach for sociotonetics? Can tone variation in connected speech data be normalized and meaningfully analyzed for soc

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3

Huang, Chang-Han, and Frank Torsten Bernd Seide. "Tone features for speech recognition." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 5 (2005): 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1932393.

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4

Gandour, Jack, Bernd Weinberg, Soranee Holasuit Petty, and Rochana Dardarananda. "Tone in Thai Alaryngeal Speech." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 53, no. 1 (1988): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5301.23.

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The perception and production of linguistic tone was investigated in utterances spoken by Thai alaryngeal speakers. Thai is a tone language with five phonemic tones. High-quality tape recordings of five monosyllabic words produced by 2 esophageal, 1 electrolaryngeal, and 5 normal, native Thai speakers were subjected to perceptual and acoustic analysis. Results from the phonemic identification tests indicated that tones produced by alaryngeal speakers were not only perceived at much lower levels of accuracy than those produced by normal speakers, but the patterns of tonal confusions for alaryng

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5

Anggraeni, Nuri, and Lilis Suryani. "Tones of Last Official Speech as First Lady by Michelle Obama." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 5 (2019): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i5.p722-727.

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This article is an analysis of the last speech script of Michelle Obama as the first lady. This study aims to find out what the tone contained in Michelle Obama's speech, to know the type of tone that is often used by Michelle Obama in her speech, and to investigate the meaning of the tone used. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative and document as the source of the data. In collecting the data, first, the writers searched for a video of Michelle Obama's speech on the internet, then wrote the speech so that it became a transcript of the speech, after that, the writers did

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6

Coren, Stanley, and A. Ralph Hakstian. "Predicting Speech Recognition Thresholds from Pure Tone Hearing Thresholds." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 2 (1994): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.1003.

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Hearing sensitivity is most commonly still reported in terms of pure tone thresholds. Unfortunately, simple procedures for predicting Speech Recognition Thresholds from Pure Tone Thresholds are not currently available. To remedy this problem, pure tone thresholds were collected from 802 individuals over the range of 250 to 8000 Hz. Five subsets of pure tone thresholds which are commonly used to report hearing status were then considered. An average correlation of 0.878 was found between the various pure tone indexes and the speech recognition threshold. Using regressions between pure tone and

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7

Walsh, John J., and Michael W. Walsh. "Artificial speech aid tone generating device." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, no. 2 (1988): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.396795.

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8

Ekpenyong, Moses E., and EmemObong Udoh. "Tone modelling in Ibibio speech synthesis." International Journal of Speech Technology 17, no. 2 (2013): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10772-013-9216-2.

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9

Tang, Ping, Nan Xu Rattanasone, Ivan Yuen, and Katherine Demuth. "Acoustic realization of Mandarin neutral tone and tone sandhi in infant-directed speech and Lombard speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, no. 5 (2017): 2823–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5008372.

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10

BURNHAM, DENIS, BENJAWAN KASISOPA, AMANDA REID, et al. "Universality and language-specific experience in the perception of lexical tone and pitch." Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no. 6 (2014): 1459–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716414000496.

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ABSTRACTTwo experiments focus on Thai tone perception by native speakers of tone languages (Thai, Cantonese, and Mandarin), a pitch–accent (Swedish), and a nontonal (English) language. In Experiment 1, there was better auditory-only and auditory–visual discrimination by tone and pitch–accent language speakers than by nontone language speakers. Conversely and counterintuitively, there was better visual-only discrimination by nontone language speakers than tone and pitch–accent language speakers. Nevertheless, visual augmentation of auditory tone perception in noise was evident for all five lang

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11

Wong, Puisan, and Man Wai Cheng. "On the Relationship Between General Auditory Sensitivity and Speech Perception: An Examination of Pitch and Lexical Tone Perception in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 2 (2020): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00104.

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Purpose Theoretical models and substantial research have proposed that general auditory sensitivity is a developmental foundation for speech perception and language acquisition. Nonetheless, controversies exist about the effectiveness of general auditory training in improving speech and language skills. This research investigated the relationships among general auditory sensitivity, phonemic speech perception, and word-level speech perception via the examination of pitch and lexical tone perception in children. Method Forty-eight typically developing 4- to 6-year-old Cantonese-speaking childre

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12

LoCasto, Paul C., Donna Krebs-Noble, Rao P. Gullapalli, and Martha W. Burton. "An fMRI Investigation of Speech and Tone Segmentation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 9 (2004): 1612–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929042568433.

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Recent research strongly indicates that phonological tasks activate a subregion of the inferior frontal gyrus. The purpose of the present fMRI study was to investigate the extent to which activation of this region during phonological processing is due to speech processes per se such as articulatory recoding or to other cognitive task demands such as working memory. Thus, we compared activation patterns during segmentation of speech and tone sequences to a tone discrimination task. In particular, participants performed same/different judgments on pairs of words, pseudowords, and tone sequences

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13

TAIKI, MASAMICHI. "Speech reception threshold and pure tone audiometry." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 39, no. 5 (1996): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.39.451.

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14

Cao, Yang, Shuwu Zhang, Taiyi Huang, and Bo Xu. "Tone Modeling for Continuous Mandarin Speech Recognition." International Journal of Speech Technology 7, no. 2/3 (2004): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ijst.0000017012.11970.6a.

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15

Schouten, M. E. H., and A. J. van Hessen. "Perceptual variance along tone and speech continua." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 5 (1994): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.408856.

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16

Hsieh, Li, and Ya‐Ju Yu. "Tone sandhi effect on Chinese speech perception." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 5 (2006): 3086–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4787460.

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17

Chen, Fei, Lena L. N. Wong, and Yi Hu. "Effects of Lexical Tone Contour on Mandarin Sentence Intelligibility." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 1 (2014): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0324).

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Purpose This study examined the effects of lexical tone contour on the intelligibility of Mandarin sentences in quiet and in noise. Method A text-to-speech synthesis engine was used to synthesize Mandarin sentences with each word carrying the original lexical tone, flat tone, or a tone randomly selected from the 4 Mandarin lexical tones. The synthesized speech signals were presented to 11 normal-hearing listeners for recognition in quiet and in speech-shaped noise at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Results Normal-hearing listeners nearly perfectly recognized the Mandarin sentences produced with mo

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18

Hsu, Wei Chih, Jung Nan Sun, and Huai I. Wang. "An Approach to Tone Recognition of Mandarin Speech Based-On Two-Stage Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.297.

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After inspecting the pitch contours of tone 1 of Mandarin speech, we found that the pitch contour of tone 1 consists of upward and downward line segments, while it is supposed that the contour of tone 1 is flat. Our study also found that tone 1 tends to be recognized as other three tones if the recognition algorithm used is based on the tone contour slope or shape. According to our experiments, we conclude that the recognition rate of the tones would be improved if two stage tone recognition scheme is conducted. At the first stage, tone one is recognized out and then the other three tones are

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19

Vermiglio, Andrew J., Sigfrid D. Soli, Daniel J. Freed, and Laurel M. Fisher. "The Relationship between High-Frequency Pure-Tone Hearing Loss, Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) Thresholds, and the Articulation Index." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 23, no. 10 (2012): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.10.4.

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Background: Speech recognition in noise testing has been conducted at least since the 1940s (Dickson et al, 1946). The ability to recognize speech in noise is a distinct function of the auditory system (Plomp, 1978). According to Kochkin (2002), difficulty recognizing speech in noise is the primary complaint of hearing aid users. However, speech recognition in noise testing has not found widespread use in the field of audiology (Mueller, 2003; Strom, 2003; Tannenbaum and Rosenfeld, 1996). The audiogram has been used as the “gold standard” for hearing ability. However, the audiogram is a poor i

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20

Intajamornrak, Chommanad. "Thai Tones Produced by Tonal and Nontonal Language Speakers: An Acoustic Study." MANUSYA 20, no. 2 (2017): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-02002001.

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The purpose of this paper was to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Thai tones produced by tonal language speakers, namely Vietnamese and Burmese, and non-tonal language speakers, namely Khmer and Malay, in citation form and connected speech. The test words in citation form and connected speech comprised five tones, which were the Mid tone, the Low tone, the Falling tone, the High tone, and the Rising tone occurring in non-checked and checked syllables. The informants were twenty-four Vietnamese, Burmese, Khmer, and Malay native speakers with high experience in Thai (three speakers for ea

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21

Pelzl, Eric, Matthew T. Carlson, Taomei Guo, Carrie N. Jackson, and Janet G. van Hell. "Tuning out tone errors? Native listeners do not down-weight tones when hearing unsystematic tone errors in foreign-accented Mandarin." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 24, no. 1 (2020): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728920000280.

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AbstractListeners can adapt to errors in foreign-accented speech, but not all errors are alike. We investigated whether exposure to unsystematic tone errors in second language Mandarin impacts responses to accurately produced words. Native Mandarin speakers completed a cross-modal priming task with words produced by foreign-accented talkers who either produced consistently correct tones, or frequent tone errors. Facilitation from primes bearing correct tones was unaffected by the presence of tone errors elsewhere in the talker's speech. However, primes bearing tone errors inhibited recognition

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22

Clark, Heather, and Nancy Soloman. "Submental muscle tissue compliance during relaxation, contraction, and after tone-modification interventions." International Journal of Orofacial Myology 36, no. 1 (2010): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2010.36.1.1.

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Deviations in muscle tone are presumed to accompany speech motor control deficits in select forms of dysarthria, although there is little confirmation of these associations. For patients experiencing neuromuscular impairments, therapeutic interventions and/or principles have been devised to alleviate tone deviations where they occur and to prevent the development or exacerbation of tone deviations. Potentially therapeutic effects of these interventions on muscle tone in the speech musculature have not been studied empirically. One reason for the paucity of research is that tools for assessing

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23

Xu, Sen, Xu Zhao, Cheng Hua Duan, et al. "A Mathematical Morphological Processing of Spectrograms for the Tone of Chinese Vowels Recognition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.665.

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As One of Features from other Languages, the Chinese Tone Changes of Chinese are Mainly Decided by its Vowels, so the Vowel Variation of Chinese Tone Becomes Important in Speech Recognition Research. the Normal Tone Recognition Ways are Always Based on Fundamental Frequency of Signal, which can Not Keep Integrity of Tone Signal. we Bring Forward to a Mathematical Morphological Processing of Spectrograms for the Tone of Chinese Vowels. Firstly, we will have Pretreatment to Recording Good Tone Signal by Using Cooledit Pro Software, and Converted into Spectrograms; Secondly, we will do Smooth and

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24

MIYATA, KOJI. "Speech sound.Influence of low tone cut on speech sound recognition under noises." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 38, no. 5 (1995): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.38.653.

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25

Xinyi, Yang, Si Boyu, Meng Qingyun, and Huang Kailin. "Design of the Speech Tone Disorders Intervention System Based on Speech Synthesis." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1617 (August 2020): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1617/1/012078.

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26

Helfer, Karen S., and Megan Vargo. "Speech Recognition and Temporal Processing in Middle-Aged Women." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 20, no. 04 (2009): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.20.4.6.

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Purpose: This study was designed to examine speech understanding ability and temporal processing in middle-aged women with normal or near-normal pure-tone thresholds. Research Design: Speech understanding, temporal processing ability, and self-assessed hearing were measured in groups of younger and middle-aged females. Study Sample: Participants were younger and middle-aged females (n = 12 per group) with normal hearing through 4000 Hz bilaterally. Subjects were drawn from nonclinical populations. Data Collection and Analysis: Speech understanding was measured in the presence of steady-state n

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27

Clark, Heather M., and Nancy Pearl Solomon. "Muscle Tone and the Speech-Language Pathologist: Definitions, Neurophysiology, Assessment, and Interventions." Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) 21, no. 1 (2012): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd21.1.9.

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Abnormal muscle tone is presumed to underlie certain types of dysarthria and dysphagia. However, the speech-language pathologist rarely assesses orofacial muscle tone, presumably because of a lack of training and the unavailability of adequate tools. This article reviews the general mechanisms underlying muscle tone, explains sensory and motor therapeutic strategies that target muscle tone, and introduces new measurement tools.

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28

Gómez, David M., Peggy Mok, Mikhail Ordin, Jacques Mehler, and Marina Nespor. "Statistical Speech Segmentation in Tone Languages: The Role of Lexical Tones." Language and Speech 61, no. 1 (2017): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830917706529.

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Research has demonstrated distinct roles for consonants and vowels in speech processing. For example, consonants have been shown to support lexical processes, such as the segmentation of speech based on transitional probabilities (TPs), more effectively than vowels. Theory and data so far, however, have considered only non-tone languages, that is to say, languages that lack contrastive lexical tones. In the present work, we provide a first investigation of the role of consonants and vowels in statistical speech segmentation by native speakers of Cantonese, as well as assessing how tones modula

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29

Yiu, Edwin Man-Lai, C. Andrew van Hasselt, Stuart Rhys Williams, and John K. S. Woo. "Speech intelligibility in tone language (Chinese) laryngectomy speakers." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 29, no. 4 (1994): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13682829409031287.

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30

Paunović, Tatjana. "EFL Students’ Spontaneous Speech: Tonality, Tonicity, and Tone." Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies 12 (2020): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/bells.2020.12.3.

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31

Sadat‐Tehrani, Nima. "Downstepped High Tone in Persian Spontaneous Speech Intonation." Studia Linguistica 73, no. 2 (2018): 339–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/stul.12104.

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32

Lee, Tan, Wai Lau, Y. W. Wong, and P. C. Ching. "Using tone information in Cantonese continuous speech recognition." ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing 1, no. 1 (2002): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/595576.595581.

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33

Liu, Lih-Cherng, Wu-Ji Yang, Hsiao-Chuan Wang, and Yueh-Chin Chang. "Tone recognition of polysyllabic words in Mandarin speech." Computer Speech & Language 3, no. 3 (1989): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-2308(89)90021-1.

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34

Packard, Jerome L. "Tone production deficits in nonfluent aphasic Chinese speech." Brain and Language 29, no. 2 (1986): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-934x(86)90045-3.

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35

物理学报. "Research on tone recognition in Chinese spontaneous speech." Acta Physica Sinica 56, no. 12 (2007): 7064. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.56.7064.

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36

Han, Yueqiao, Martijn Goudbeek, Maria Mos, and Marc Swerts. "Relative Contribution of Auditory and Visual Information to Mandarin Chinese Tone Identification by Native and Tone-naïve Listeners." Language and Speech 63, no. 4 (2019): 856–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830919889995.

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Speech perception is a multisensory process: what we hear can be affected by what we see. For instance, the McGurk effect occurs when auditory speech is presented in synchrony with discrepant visual information. A large number of studies have targeted the McGurk effect at the segmental level of speech (mainly consonant perception), which tends to be visually salient (lip-reading based), while the present study aims to extend the existing body of literature to the suprasegmental level, that is, investigating a McGurk effect for the identification of tones in Mandarin Chinese. Previous studies h

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37

Hoppe, Ulrich, Thomas Hocke, Alexander Müller, and Anne Hast. "Speech Perception and Information-Carrying Capacity for Hearing Aid Users of Different Ages." Audiology and Neurotology 21, Suppl. 1 (2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448349.

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Hearing impairment in the elderly is usually treated with conventional hearing aids; however, a large number of older people do not achieve sufficient speech recognition with hearing aids. The aim of the study was to describe speech perception with hearing aids in comparison to pure-tone hearing loss and maximum speech recognition scores for phonemically balanced words. Data from 392 hearing aid users with different degrees of hearing loss were evaluated retrospectively. In particular, pure-tone thresholds, the maximum monosyllabic word score, and the monosyllabic word score in quiet at conver

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38

Trine, Allison, and Brian B. Monson. "Extended High Frequencies Provide Both Spectral and Temporal Information to Improve Speech-in-Speech Recognition." Trends in Hearing 24 (January 2020): 233121652098029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216520980299.

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Several studies have demonstrated that extended high frequencies (EHFs; >8 kHz) in speech are not only audible but also have some utility for speech recognition, including for speech-in-speech recognition when maskers are facing away from the listener. However, the contribution of EHF spectral versus temporal information to speech recognition is unknown. Here, we show that access to EHF temporal information improved speech-in-speech recognition relative to speech bandlimited at 8 kHz but that additional access to EHF spectral detail provided an additional small but significant benefit. Resu

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39

Vermiglio, Andrew J., Sigfrid D. Soli, and Xiangming Fang. "An Argument for Self-Report as a Reference Standard in Audiology." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 03 (2018): 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16128.

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AbstractThe primary components of a diagnostic accuracy study are an index test, the target condition (or disorder), and a reference standard. According to the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy statement, the reference standard should be the best method available to independently determine if the results of an index test are correct. Pure-tone thresholds have been used as the “gold standard” for the validation of some tests used in audiology. Many studies, however, have shown a lack of agreement between the audiogram and the patient’s perception of hearing ability. For example, patie

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40

WANG, X. D., K. HIROSE, J. S. ZHANG, and N. MINEMATSU. "Tone Recognition of Continuous Mandarin Speech Based on Tone Nucleus Model and Neural Network." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E91-D, no. 6 (2008): 1748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e91-d.6.1748.

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41

Yang, Chunsheng. "Acquiring the pitch patterns of L2 Mandarin Chinese." Chinese as a Second Language Research 2, no. 2 (2013): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2013-0031.

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AbstractThis study examines the acquisition of utterance-level pitch patterns in Mandarin Chinese by American second language (L2) learners. It is an exploratory study with the goal of identifying the utterance-level prosody in L2 Mandarin Chinese. The focus of this study is not on the pitch patterns of individual learners but those of subject groups. The analysis shows that the pitch patterns between two syntactic structures for the same tone sequence vary with the tone sequence and the subject group. The biggest difference between first language (L1) and L2 Mandarin Chinese lies in the frequ

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Hinton, A. E., R. T. Ramsden, R. H. Lye, and J. E. M. Dutton. "Criteria for hearing preservation in acoustic schwannoma surgery: The concept of useful hearing." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 106, no. 6 (1992): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510011998x.

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AbstractIn the quest for hearing preservation in patients with acoustic schwannomas it is essential that surgeons do not lose sight of the concept of ‘useful’ hearing. There is an important difference between hearing preservation which pleases the surgeon and that which will be appreciated by the patient.Tumour size, pure tone audiogram average differences between ears and speech discrimination scores have been recorded in a series of 114 patients with unilateral acoustic schwannomas. Criteria for useful hearing are presented in terms of pure tone audiogram average difference and speech discri

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Sabrian, Rahmadani. "Women’s Speech In A State of Anger: A Neuropragmatic Study." JURNAL ARBITRER 6, no. 1 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.6.1.15-27.2019.

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This research aims to describe and to translate the emotional prosody patterns through Praat program and also to describe types of speech acts used by female characters in an emotional state in the film ‘7 Hati 7 Cinta 7 Wanita’. Emotional prosody of speech is analyzed by using the Praat program, which is then classified into types of particular speech acts. The emotional prosody patterns can be seen in the melodic accent and the temporal accent. In the melodic accent, speech that uses declarative and interrogative mode makes the tone flow increased, and the speech that uses imperative mode ma

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44

Hutka, Stefanie, Sarah M. Carpentier, Gavin M. Bidelman, Sylvain Moreno, and Anthony R. McIntosh. "Musicianship and Tone Language Experience Are Associated with Differential Changes in Brain Signal Variability." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 12 (2016): 2044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01021.

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Musicianship has been associated with auditory processing benefits. It is unclear, however, whether pitch processing experience in nonmusical contexts, namely, speaking a tone language, has comparable associations with auditory processing. Studies comparing the auditory processing of musicians and tone language speakers have shown varying degrees of between-group similarity with regard to perceptual processing benefits and, particularly, nonlinguistic pitch processing. To test whether the auditory abilities honed by musicianship or speaking a tone language differentially impact the neural netw

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45

Villard, Sarah, and Gerald Kidd. "Speech intelligibility and talker gender classification with noise-vocoded and tone-vocoded speech." JASA Express Letters 1, no. 9 (2021): 094401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0006285.

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46

YANG, WU-JI, JYH-CHYANG LEE, YUEH-CHIN CHANG, and HSIAO-CHUAN WANG. "RECOGNITION OF LEXICAL TONES FOR ISOLATED SYLLABLES AND DISYLLABLES IN MANDARIN SPEECH." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 02, no. 01 (1988): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001488000066.

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This study purposes a method for recognizing the lexical tones in Mandarin speech. The method is based on Vector Quantization (VQ) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM). The pitch periods are extracted to derive the feature vectors which represent pitch height and pitch contour slope. One HMM is trained by the feature vectors of monosyllables for each tone. Then the HMMs are used to recognize the tone of monosyllables and disyllables. For the monosyllables, the accuracy rate can be 93.75% for speaker-independent cases. For the disyllables, the accuracy rates are 93% for the first syllables and 90% fo

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Zhu, Shufeng, Lena L. N. Wong, Bin Wang, and Fei Chen. "Assessing the Importance of Lexical Tone Contour to Sentence Perception in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Normal Hearing." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 7 (2017): 2116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-16-0272.

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of lexical tone contour and age on sentence perception in quiet and in noise conditions in Mandarin-speaking children ages 7 to 11 years with normal hearing. Method Test materials were synthesized Mandarin sentences, each word with a manipulated lexical contour, that is, normal contour, flat contour, or a tone contour randomly selected from the four Mandarin lexical tone contours. A convenience sample of 75 Mandarin-speaking participants with normal hearing, ages 7, 9, and 11 years (25 participants in each age group), was selec

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Tremblay, Annie, Taehong Cho, Sahyang Kim, and Seulgi Shin. "Phonetic and phonological effects of tonal information in the segmentation of Korean speech: An artificial-language segmentation study." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 05 (2019): 1221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716419000237.

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AbstractThis study investigates how the fine-grained phonetic realization of tonal cues impacts speech segmentation when the cues signal the same word boundary in the native and unfamiliar languages but do so differently. Korean listeners use the phrase-final high (H) tone and the phrase-initial low (L) tone to segment speech into words (Kim, Broersma, &amp; Cho, 2012; Kim &amp; Cho, 2009), but it is unclear how the alignment of the phrase-final H tone and the scaling of the phrase-initial L tone modulate their speech segmentation. Korean listeners completed three artificial-language (

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A, Prof Swethashree. "Speech Emotion Recognition." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (2021): 2637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37375.

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Abstract: Speech Emotion Recognition, abbreviated as SER, the act of trying to identify a person's feelings and relationships. Affected situations from speech. This is because the truth often reflects the basic feelings of tone and tone of voice. Emotional awareness is a fast-growing field of research in recent years. Unlike humans, machines do not have the power to comprehend and express emotions. But human communication with the computer can be improved by using automatic sensory recognition, accordingly reducing the need for human intervention. In this project, basic emotions such as peace,

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THUBTHONG, NUTTAKORN, and BOONSERM KIJSIRIKUL. "TONE RECOGNITION OF CONTINUOUS THAI SPEECH UNDER TONAL ASSIMILATION AND DECLINATION EFFECTS USING HALF-TONE MODEL." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 09, no. 06 (2001): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488501001265.

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This paper presents a method for continuous Thai tone recognition. One of the main problems in tone recognition is that several interacting factors affect F0realization of tones. In this paper, we focus on the tonal assimilation and declination effects. These effects are compensated by the tone information of neighboring syllables, the F0downdrift and the context-dependent tone model. However, the context-dependent tone model is too large and its training time is very long. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel model called the half-tone model. The experiments, which compare all tone

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