Relevant bibliographies by topics / Speed of milking

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Academic literature on the topic 'Speed of milking'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Speed of milking"

1

Sitkowska, B., D. Piwczyński, J. Aerts, and M. Waśkowicz. "Changes in milking parameters with robotic milking." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 1 (2015): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-137-2015.

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Abstract. The aim of this present study is to describe changes occurring during the milking of cows in various periods following the introduction of an AMS (automatic milking system). The following cow milking parameters were analysed: milkings per cow per day, milking yield, milking speed and milking duration. An increase in milk yield in AMS barns has been found to be possible, but it is affected by a number of factors related to cow milking performance. Milk yield was observed to gradually grow with time after the installation of the robots. Older cows in their third and fourth lactations achieved higher milking parameter values as compared to cows in their first and second lactations. The average milk yield for the whole period was on a similar level, but, due to the fact that the duration of lactation in herd B was more than 100 days longer, that herd achieved a higher milk yield. The use of AMSs in barns enables farmers to monitor cow performance traits and study the relationships between them; farmers should try to select for traits ensuring high performance and directly related to milk yield. This study found a positive relationship between milking duration and milk yield. On the other hand, a highly negative relationship was found between milking duration and milking speed, which means that these parameters should be closely monitored. This study found that the optimal number of milkings per cow per day was in the range of 2.6 to 2.8 milkings a day with a 2.6 kg min−1 milking speed.
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2

Edwards, J. P., N. Lopez-Villalobos, and J. G. Jago. "Increasing platform speed and the percentage of cows completing a second rotation improves throughput in rotary dairies." Animal Production Science 52, no. 10 (2012): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12071.

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This study sought to improve milking efficiency in rotary dairies by modelling the effect of increasing platform speed on the percentage of cows requiring multiple rotations to complete milking, i.e. ‘go-around’ cows, and cow throughput. Milking data, including 376 429 milking event records from 44 530 cows, were collected from 62 commercial farms with rotary dairies in New Zealand. Average rotation time, a function of platform speed and rotary size, was 10.0 ± 1.5 min, mean milking duration 383 ± 129 s, and mean milk yield 11.9 ± 3.8 kg per milking session. Milking duration data were normalised using a log10 transformation. An estimate of the percentage of ‘go-around’ cows and potential throughput over a range of platform speeds were made using the NORMDIST function of Microsoft Excel 2010. Results indicate that throughput continues to increase with increasing platform speed, despite a greater number of ‘go-around’ cows. If a potential shadow effect (whereby a ‘go-around’ cow may cause the following bail to be unoccupied) is considered, the optimum percentage of ‘go-around’ cows was ~20%. Accordingly, a change of operating practices in many rotary dairies is justified as the current target of 10% ‘go-around’ cows may limit throughput. In order to achieve greater cow throughput, platform speed should rather be set based on the capability of the operator attaching clusters. The difference between the current average rotation time and milking duration indicates that many dairies can increase platform speed and thus throughput. Furthermore, many work routines can be accelerated so faster platform speeds can be achieved without increasing labour requirements. The increased throughput potential of larger dairies is only realised when operated at fast platform speeds.
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Vermaak, P., I. M. Petzer, and J. Karzis. "Effects of milking machine settings and teat liners on bovine udder health." South African Journal of Animal Science 52, no. 4 (2023): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.02.

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The purpose of milking machines is to harvest milk at an optimum speed while maintaining cow comfort and preserving teat defence mechanisms against the invasion of mastitis pathogens, thus making machine settings critical in dairy herds. The various settings and combinations for milking machines were reviewed to enable operators to optimize them to preserve teat canal integrity and minimize mastitis. All databases of Web of Science and relevant websites were used to document machine settings and teat liners. All vacuum levels in milking systems need to be monitored. In addition, liners, milk yield, and automated cluster removal switch-point settings need to be regarded as bearing a risk of teat damage. They affect milking speed and vacuum levels at total, peak, and over-milking. An equilibrium should be reached between optimal milking speed and risk of teat damage. An increased switch-point setting shortens milking time and decreases overmilking and claw vacuum to preserve teat-canal integrity. Analysis of milk flow dynamics with a VaDia instrument highlights opportunities to improve milking protocols and equipment functions that align with the physiology of the cow. This knowledge can be applied on individual farms, in which herd milk yield, parlour layout, milking machine system, parlour management, and economics should be considered to obtain a balance between milking efficiency, udder health, and cow comfort. Standards for switch-point settings were identified in this review.
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Szentléleki, Andrea, Krisztina Nagy, Kálmán Széplaki, Károly Kékesi, and János Tőzsér. "Behavioural Responses of Primiparous and Multiparous Dairy Cows to The Milking Process over an Entire Lactation." Annals of Animal Science 15, no. 1 (2015): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0064.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to examine associations between milking temperament, parity and milk production traits in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows. Twenty-one primiparous and nineteen multiparous Holstein Friesian cows were involved in the investigation on a Hungarian dairy farm. Cows’ stepping behaviour, milk yield and average milking speed were recorded once a month over an entire lactation, during morning milking. Milking temperament was scored by direct human observation on a 5-point-scale (1=very nervous, 5=very quiet) during udder preparation and milking. Multiparous cows showed a little more excitable behaviour at milking than during udder preparation (Mann-Whitney U=14165.00, P=0.032), and they were calmer at premilking preparation than primiparous cows (Mann-Whitney U=14046.00, P=0.001). Milking temperament of multiparous cows during udder preparation was associated with milking speed: nervous cows let down their milk slower (F=9.102, df= 1, P=0.003). Further experiments are needed to repeat the milking temperament test along with sensors measuring heart rate variability of cows in order to better understand the milking behaviour of cows.
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5

Banos, G., and E. B. Burnside. "Genetic evaluation of Canadian dairy bulls for milking speed with an animal model." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 1 (1992): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-020.

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Bull proofs for milking speed were computed under an animal model for five dairy breeds. Data were subjective scores on first lactation cows from all milk recording agencies across Canada. There were 1411 Holstein, 171 Ayrshire, 85 Jersey, 31 Guernsey, and 17 Brown Swiss bulls that received official evaluations. Bull proofs were expressed on a linear scale from 1 to 9, where 9 designated bulls with the fastest milking daughters. The biological significance of these proofs was investigated using 6965 weekly cow records of total milking time, average flow rate, and peak flow. Data were on 119 Holstein cows by 41 officially proven sires. Increases in proofs of 1 point on the linear scale were associated with decreases in total milking time of 20 s and increases of 64 g min−1 and 140 g in average and peak flow, respectively. Key words: Milking speed, animal model, national evaluation, dairy bulls
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Morales-Piñeyrúa, Jéssica Tatiana, Aline Cristina Sant’Anna, Georgget Banchero, and Juan Pablo Damián. "Dairy Cows’ Temperament and Milking Performance during the Adaptation to an Automatic Milking System." Animals 13, no. 4 (2023): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040562.

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Adaptative responses of cows to an automatic milking system (AMS) could depend on their temperament, i.e., cows with certain temperament profiles could be able to cope more successfully with the AMS. The relationships between dairy cows’ temperament, behaviour, and productive parameters during the changeover from a conventional milking system (CMS) to an AMS were investigated. Thirty-three multiparous cows were classified as ‘calm’ or ‘reactive’ based on each of the temperament tests conducted: race time, flight speed (FS), and flight distance, at 5, 25, and 45 days in milk at CMS, then the cows were moved from the CMS to the AMS. During the first five milkings in AMS, the number of steps and kicks during each milking were recorded. The daily milk yield was automatically recorded. The number of steps did not vary by temperament classification, but the number of kicks per milking was greater for calm (0.45 ± 0.14) than for reactive cows (0.05 ± 0.03) when they were classified by FS (p < 0.01). During the first seven days in the AMS, reactive cows for the FS test produced more milk than calm cows (36.5 ± 1.8 vs. 33.2 ± 1.6 L/day; p = 0.05). In conclusion, behavioural and productive parameters were influenced by cows´ temperament during the milking system changeover since the calm cows kicked more and produced less than the reactive ones.
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Aerts, Joanna, Dariusz Piwczyński, Heydar Ghiasi, Beata Sitkowska, Magdalena Kolenda, and Hasan Önder. "Genetic Parameters Estimation of Milking Traits in Polish Holstein-Friesians Based on Automatic Milking System Data." Animals 11, no. 7 (2021): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071943.

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The automatic milking system (AMS) provides a large amount of information characterizing the course of each milking cow, which is not available in the conventional system. The aim of our study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlations for milk yield (MY), milking frequency (MF), and speed (MS) for 1713 Polish Holstein-Friesian primiparous cows milked in barns with an AMS. Daily heritability indicators estimated using second-order Legendre polynomials and Random Regression Models showed high variation during lactation, ranging 0.131–0.345 for MY, 0.153–0.322 for MF, and 0.336–0.493 for MS. The rates of genetic correlation between traits ranged: 0.561–0.929 for MY-MF, (−0.255)−0.090 for MF-MS, (−0.174)−0.020 for MY-MS. It is possible to carry out effective selection for milking speed, which provides an opportunity to increase the number of cows per milking robot, and thus increase the profitability of production in the herd. The results proved that selection for milk yield and daily milking frequency is also feasible. The research showed a high, positive genetic correlation between milking frequency and milk yield, which allows us to conclude that preferring breeding cows with a natural tendency to frequent visits to the milking robot should indirectly improve the genetic basis of milking.
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8

Andriy, Paliy, Aliiev Elchyn, Nanka Alexander, et al. "Identifying changes in the technical parameters of milking rubber under industrial conditions to elucidate their effect on the milking process." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 1 (111) (2021): 21–29. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.231917.

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Many years of experience in the operation of milking machines show that milking rubber was and remains a short-lived and unreliable link in the technological process of machine milking. During operation, rubber quickly loses its strength and elastic properties, becomes stiff and less elastic, deforms, and changes its shape. The purpose of this study is to identify changes in the technical parameters of milking rubber under industrial conditions in order to establish their impact on the milking process. The obtained results could make it possible to rationally choose the milking rubber for teat cups, which would ensure an effective milking process. During this study’s initial stage, the physical and mechanical condition of milking rubber was experimentally established at steam disinfection and as a result of saturating the article with milk fats. The following stage implied detecting the effect of milking rubber tension in a teat cup on the speed of milking. It was established that milking rubber during operation is actively exposed to milk fat, which leads to the loss of its weight relative to its original value. On day 1,000 of work, the weight loss relative to the initial value (100 g), under the washing regime temperature of 85 °C, 50 °C, 35 °C, and 20 °C, was 1 g, 3.3 g, 5 g, and 4.2 g, respectively. The dependences have been derived for the swell mass of milking rubber M on the temperature of washing solutions T and the duration of operation t as a result of saturation with milk fats. The dependence of milk yield rate V on the tension force of milking rubber F in teat cups has been established. Thus, it was found that when the tension force of milking rubber changes from 25 to 60 N, the difference in the average intensity of milk yield is 0.13 kg/min (10.8 %). Regarding the amount of milk yield at the specified tension, the difference is 0.15 kg (2.5 %). At rubber tension from 60 to 25 N, the average milking time increases by 0.46 min (8.3 %). Thus, it was determined that a milking machine with milking rubber at different tension over a total milking time would unevenly milk different parts of the cow’s udder. The study reported here expands the idea about the technical and manufacturing characteristics of rubber articles, namely changes in them at steam disinfection and as a result of saturation with milk fats
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9

ILAHI, H., E. MANFREDI, P. CHASTIN, F. MONOD, J. M. ELSEN, and P. LE ROY. "Genetic variability in milking speed of dairy goats." Genetical Research 75, no. 3 (2000): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667230000450x.

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The present investigation deals with the genetic variability of milking speed, measured as the volume of milk collected during the first minute of milking (MD1), and its association with dairy traits. Data originated from 2589 lactations of 1421 Alpine goats, sired by 93 bucks, measured between 1985 and 1997 at the Moissac Goat Experimental Station (Lozère, France). Two genetic analyses were carried out. Firstly, a polygenic model was used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters among milking speed and dairy traits using a multiple-trait animal model. Secondly, segregation analysis was used to test the hypothesis of mixed model inheritance (polygenes+major gene) for MF1. Heritability and repeatability of MF1 under the polygenic model were high (0·65 and 0·82, respectively). Estimated genetic and phenotypic correlations between milking speed and dairy traits were low, positive for yields and negative for contents. Segregation analysis yielded a highly significant likelihood ratio, confirming the segregation of a major gene with two alleles with partial dominance. The difference between the mean values of the two homozygotes was around 2·3 phenotypic standard deviation units of the trait. The major gene explained more than 60% of the estimated total genetic variance. The estimate of the ‘residual’ heritability, after taking into account the effect of the major locus, was 0·30.
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10

Sewalem, A., F. Miglior, and G. J. Kistemaker. "Short communication: Genetic parameters of milking temperament and milking speed in Canadian Holsteins." Journal of Dairy Science 94, no. 1 (2011): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3479.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Speed of milking"

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Shen, Pai-Han, and 沈培華. "Association of Growth Hormone Genotype, Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Genotype, and Milking Speed with Milk Yield and Quality in Dairy Cow." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57233649314650575641.

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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>畜產系所<br>96<br>The purpose of this study was to study the effects of bovine growth hormone gene (bGH), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop polymorphisms, and milking speed (MS) on milking performances of Holstein cattle in Taiwan. Milking procedure is one of the important sections in dairy cattle management. Furthermore, quantity and quality improvement, as well as cost reduction are the final goals of dairy industry. A total of 279 Holstein cows were genotyped for bGH-intron 3-T1557C point mutation using PCR-RFLP via MspI enzyme, and furthered evaluated for milking performances. The genotypic frequencies of CC, CT and TT were 65.9, 33.0 and 1.1%, respectively. Cows with CC genotype produced significantly lower milk protein (%), milk lactose (%) and total solid (%) (P < 0.01) than those of cows with CT gneotype. There were 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) observed in bovine mtDNA D-loop (910 bp in total length), including 38 transition, five transversion, and four deletions as well as one insertion. Also, the 169th nucleotide site (mtDNA-D loop-A169G) showed the highest mutation rate in D-loop region. The PCR-RFLP technique with CviAΠ enzyme was applied for mtDNA-D loop-A169G genotyping. The frequencies of A and G genotypes were 36.8 and 63.2%, respectively for 209 Holstein cattle. No significant difference was observed in 305-2X-ME between mtDNA-A and -G cows (P= 0.504). However, cows with mtDNA-G genotype produced significantly higher milk protein (%), milk lactose (%) and total solid (%) than those of mtDNA-A ones (P < 0.05). Milking performances comparisons among combination of bGH-intron 3-C1557T and mtDNA-D loop-A169G genotypes indicated that cows with CT-G genotype showed higher milk protein (%), milk lactose (%), and total solid (%) than others, but no difference was found in 305-2X-ME and average daily milk yield. Correlations among milking performances, body conformation (especially for udder morphology) and auxiliary traits (milking speed) were estimated phenotypically. Both body length and rump width showed positively correlated with 305-2X-ME, and negatively correlated with milking speed (MS). Moreover, negative estimate was obtained for correlation between 305-2X-ME and udder depth. Cows with wider rumps had higher milk peotein (%). Also, cattle with longer fore teats, deeper udder depth and forward leaning udder produced higher milk fat (%) and total solid (%). High MS cows had higher average daily yield with lower milk fat (%), milk protein (%), and total solid (%) when compared with others. Within this limited study, all traits studied did not significantly correlate with somatic cell counts (cows without clinical mastitis only). In conclusion, genotypes of bGH-T1557C and mtDNA-D loop-A169G, conformation and auxiliary traits could be employed to promote production efficiency and thus enhance the international competability for dairy industry.
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Books on the topic "Speed of milking"

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Roark, Donald B. Some Factors Affecting the Speed and Efficiency of Machine Milking. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Speed of milking"

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Komiya, Michio, Shigeru Morita, Katsumi Kawakami, and Mamoru Yokoyama. "Optimization of feed speed in automatic milking system." In Automatic milking, a better understanding. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086865253_120.

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Shine, Philip, Michael D. Murphy, and John Upton. "Tools and technologies to reduce fossil energy use on dairy farms." In Energy-smart farming: Efficiency, renewable energy and sustainability. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0100.16.

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With a growing demand for milk and dairy products coupled with concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the sustainable use of on-farm energy resources is essential. Milk production requires electrical energy for powering plant equipment, liquid fuels for powering machinery, indirect energy for fertilizer and feed production, and embodied energy within machinery and buildings. Conventional dairy farms require 54% more primary energy inputs than organic farms due to greater use of fertiliser and concentrate feed. Pasture-based feeding systems showed 55% less feed energy demand. The installation of milk pre-cooling and variable speed drive drives can be effective measures to mitigate on-farm electricity use in the milking shed, while solar PV systems have the potential to cost effectively reduce energy related greenhouse gas emissions. Energy demand and cost savings vary from farm-to-farm, so tools such as the Dairy Energy Decision Support Tool are essential for informing stakeholders about effective smart energy strategies that can reduce energy demand.
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Conference papers on the topic "Speed of milking"

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Scott A. Sanford and Sr. "Milking System Air Consumption When Using a Variable Speed Vacuum Pump." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14993.

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Antonio Pazzona, Lelia Murgia, Lucio Zanini, Mario Capasso, and Douglas J. Reinemann. "Dry Tests of Vacuum Stability in Milking Machines with Conventional Regulators and Adjustable Speed Vacuum Pump Controllers." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14992.

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