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Journal articles on the topic 'Speed Over Ground'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sakai, I., N. J. Chilton, S. J. Pacaud, and R. J. Hazelden. "Development of optical speed-over-ground sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 37-38 (June 1993): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(93)80036-g.

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2

Neville, Jonathon, David Rowlands, Andrew Wixted, and Daniel James. "Determining over ground running speed using inertial sensors." Procedia Engineering 13 (2011): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.05.119.

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3

Tamura, Yukio, Kenichi Suda, Atsushi Sasaki, et al. "Wind speed profiles measured over ground using Doppler sodars." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 83, no. 1-3 (1999): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6105(99)00063-x.

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4

Uno, Tetsuya, Yasunobu Sakai, Junichi Takagi, and Tsukasa Yamashita. "Non-contact optical sensor for speed over ground measurement." Optics & Laser Technology 25, no. 5 (1993): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(93)90024-a.

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5

Khairul, Khaizi Mohd Shariff, Zainuddin Suraya, Hafizah Abdul Aziz Noor, Emileen Abd Rashid Nur, and Ayu Zalina Zakaria Nor. "Spectral estimator effects on accuracy of speed-over-ground radar." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 4 (2022): 3900–3910. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i4.pp3900-3910.

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Spectral estimation is a critical signal processing step in speed-over-ground (SoG) radar. It is argued that, for accurate speed estimation, spectral estimation should use low bias and variance estimator. However, there is no evaluation on spectral estimation techniques in terms of estimating mean Doppler frequency to date. In this paper, we evaluate two common spectral estimation techniques, namely periodogram based on Fourier transformation and the autoregressive (AR) based on burg algorithm. These spectral estimators are evaluated in terms of their bias and variance in estimating a mean fre

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6

Krylov, V. V. "Spectra of Low-Frequency Ground Vibrations Generated by High-Speed Trains on Layered Ground." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 16, no. 4 (1997): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239701600404.

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Increase in speeds of modern railway trains is usually accompanied by higher levels of generated ground vibrations. In the author's earlier paper [V.V. Krylov, Applied Acoustics, 44, 149–164 (1995)], it has been shown that especially large increase in vibration level may occur if train speeds v exceed the velocity of Rayleigh surface waves in the ground cR., i.e., v > cR. Such a situation might arise, for example, with French TGV trains for which speeds over 515 km/h have been achieved. The present paper investigates the effect of geological layered structure of the ground on ground vibrati

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Mohd Shariff, Khairul Khaizi, Suraya Zainuddin, Noor Hafizah Abdul Aziz, Nur Emileen Abd Rashid, and Nor Ayu Zalina Zakaria. "Spectral estimator effects on accuracy of speed-over-ground radar." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 4 (2022): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i4.pp3900-3910.

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<p>Spectral estimation is a critical signal processing step in speed-over-ground (SoG) radar. It is argued that, for accurate speed estimation, spectral estimation should use low bias and variance estimator. However, there is no evaluation on spectral estimation techniques in terms of estimating mean Doppler frequency to date. In this paper, we evaluate two common spectral estimation techniques, namely periodogram based on Fourier transformation and the autoregressive (AR) based on burg algorithm. These spectral estimators are evaluated in terms of their bias and variance in estimating a

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Gloaguen, Pierre, Mathieu Woillez, Stéphanie Mahévas, Youen Vermard, and Etienne Rivot. "Is speed through water a better proxy for fishing activities than speed over ground?" Aquatic Living Resources 29, no. 2 (2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2016023.

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9

Borisenok, Sergey, and Elena Gogoleva. "Speed gradient control over qubit states." Cybernetics and Physics, Volume 13, 2024, Number 3 (November 30, 2024): 193–96. https://doi.org/10.35470/2226-4116-2024-13-3-193-196.

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We discuss the model of a quantum bit driven by an external classical field without decay in the rotating wave approximation. In such a model, the whole evolution of the qubit states takes place on the Bloch sphere. We reformulate the model as a unitless set of real ordinary differential equations and use the normalized external field as a feedback control parameter. The closed-loop algorithm is designed in the form of the speed gradient, driving the dynamical system towards minimizing a given nonnegative goal function expressed via the qubit variables. We investigate the achievability of the

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10

Huang, Liang, Jie Zhuang, and Yan Xin Zhang. "A Method of Speed Control during Over-Ground Walking: Using a Digital Light-Emitting Diode Light Strip." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1371.

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The purpose of this report was to introduce the design of a portable, inexpensive and programmable digital light-emitting diode (LED) system to control overground walking speed. The system includes a custom-made 10 meters digital LED strip and a digital microcontroller. By controlling the duration time of the power supply to each LED unit, a visible running lights signal can provide a visual cue for speed control. To evaluate this design, five subjects were asked to walk overground while following the LED visual cue at five different target speeds. The actual walking speeds were determined usi

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11

Lan, Song, Feng Gao, Guo Yan Xu, and Neng Gen Ding. "The Best Speed Limit Range for Road Hump." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.891.

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Through simulating the process of vehicle running over humps in CarSim, calculating and analyzing the body vertical acceleration, the wheel load and wheel ground adhesion index for the car with different speeds that runs over road humps having different height and width, so as to obtain the effect of height and width of the hump on the deceleration performance and driving safety. According to the comparative analysis of the body acceleration, wheel load, wheel ground adhesion index, so as to obtain the best speed limit range of the road hump.

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12

Kim, Daekyoo, Phillip C. Desrochers, Cara L. Lewis, and Simone V. Gill. "Effects of Obesity on Adaptation Transfer from Treadmill to Over-Ground Walking." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052108.

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Discerning whether individuals with obesity transfer walking adaptation from treadmill to over-ground walking is critical to advancing our understanding of walking adaptation and its usefulness in rehabilitating obese populations. We examined whether the aftereffects following split-belt treadmill adaptation transferred to over-ground walking in adults with normal-weight body mass index (BMI) and obese BMI. Nineteen young adults with obesity and 19 age-matched adults with normal weight walked on flat ground at their preferred speed before and after walking on a treadmill with tied belts (prefe

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13

Koopmans, Guido C., Ronald Deumens, Gary Brook, et al. "Strain and locomotor speed affect over-ground locomotion in intact rats." Physiology & Behavior 92, no. 5 (2007): 993–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.07.018.

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14

WANG, JIASU, SUYU WANG, CHANGYAN DENG, YOUWEN ZENG, HONGHAI SONG, and HAIYU HUANG. "A SUPERHIGH SPEED HTS MAGLEV VEHICLE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 01n03 (2005): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205028657.

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When the velocity of the normal ground traffic transportation is higher than 350 km/h of the speed limit, not only the running noise of the ground traffic vehicle is higher, but also the 90% driving power is dissipated in the aerodynamic resistance. The high speed may be realized when a high temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev vehicle runs in low-pressure tube or evacuated tube transport (ETT). Its speed is over 3000 km/h. As a new ground transportation system the HTS Maglev vehicle is presented after the experiment results of HTS Maglev vehicle are discussed in this paper.

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15

Zhang, Chong-lei, Guan-lu Jiang, Xian-feng Liu, and Li-jun Su. "Centrifuge Modelling and Analysis of Ground Reaction of High-speed Railway Embankments over Medium Compressibility Ground." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 12 (2018): 4826–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0510-4.

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16

Martin, Daniel E., Wayne E. Woldt, and Mohamed A. Latheef. "Effect of Application Height and Ground Speed on Spray Pattern and Droplet Spectra from Remotely Piloted Aerial Application Systems." Drones 3, no. 4 (2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3040083.

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The objectives of this study were to characterize the effects of operational factors on spray application parameters for remotely piloted aerial application systems (RPAAS). The effects of application height and ground speed on spray pattern uniformity and droplet spectra characteristics were investigated for two RPAAS (DJI model MG-1 and HSE V6A) delivery vehicles equipped with original equipment manufacturer (OEM) nozzles. A spray mixture of tap water and fluorescent dye was applied at three different application heights in conjunction with four different ground speeds over the center line o

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17

Ting, L. H., R. Blickhan, and R. J. Full. "Dynamic and static stability in hexapedal runners." Journal of Experimental Biology 197, no. 1 (1994): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.197.1.251.

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Stability is fundamental to the performance of terrestrial locomotion. Running cockroaches met the criteria for static stability over a wide range of speeds, yet several locomotor variables changed in a way that revealed an increase in the importance of dynamic stability as speed increased. Duty factors (the fraction of time that a leg spends on the ground relative to the stride period) decreased to 0.5 and below with an increase in speed. The duration of double support (i.e. when both tripods, or all six legs, were on the ground) decreased significantly with an increase in speed. All legs had

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18

Pade, Aadithya R., Ammi Reddy Laxminada Reddy, R. Chandan Raj, Jarreth Sajjan, and S. Sudhagara Rajan. "Ground Effect Vehicle for Transportation over Water." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 3, no. 2 (2023): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v3i2.87.

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The project proposes using a ground effect vehicle (GEV) or a wing-in- ground-effect (WIG) craft to address transportation needs over relatively short distances on water. Currently, the options are limited to expensive and limited aircraft or slower ships. GEVs operate close to the ground or water, utilizing the aerodynamic interaction with the surface to reduce drag and improve lift- to-drag ratios, making them faster and more efficient than traditional aircraft or ships. The proposed GEV design aims to have a range of 300 miles, a cruise speed of 150 mph, and the capacity to carry 10 passeng

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19

Smith, R., and H. Beaumont. "Vehicles that Skid over Embankments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 207, no. 4 (1993): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_192_02.

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Reconstruction of road accidents are increasingly being used in courts. Some accidents involve a vehicle skidding over an embankment. This paper derives approximate analytical expressions for the launch phase of such an accident. These, together with the equations for free fall, are then used to calculate the initial speed of the vehicle. The analysis assumes that the vehicle does not ground on the edge of the embankment. A simple test on the initial speed is developed to ensure that this assumption is not violated. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the differences between thi

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20

Sharma, R., T. Chakravarty, and A. B. Bhattacharyya. "Signal Integrity Issues in High-Speed Interconnects Over a Ground Plane Aperture." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 22, no. 16 (2008): 2231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939308787522500.

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21

Witte, T. H., and A. M. Wilson. "Accuracy of non-differential GPS for the determination of speed over ground." Journal of Biomechanics 37, no. 12 (2004): 1891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.031.

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22

Reissland, Torsten, Robert Weigel, Alexander Koelpin, and Fabian Lurz. "High-Accuracy True Speed-Over-Ground Measurement Approaches for Rail Vehicles: Comparison of Highly Accurate State of the Art True Speed-Over-Ground Measurement Approaches for Rail Vehicles." IEEE Microwave Magazine 24, no. 12 (2023): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2023.3314320.

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23

Weyand, Peter G., Deborah B. Sternlight, Matthew J. Bellizzi, and Seth Wright. "Faster top running speeds are achieved with greater ground forces not more rapid leg movements." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 5 (2000): 1991–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1991.

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We twice tested the hypothesis that top running speeds are determined by the amount of force applied to the ground rather than how rapidly limbs are repositioned in the air. First, we compared the mechanics of 33 subjects of different sprinting abilities running at their top speeds on a level treadmill. Second, we compared the mechanics of declined (−6°) and inclined (+9°) top-speed treadmill running in five subjects. For both tests, we used a treadmill-mounted force plate to measure the time between stance periods of the same foot (swing time, t sw) and the force applied to the running surfac

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24

Huang, Qiang, John Hanesiak, Sergiy Savelyev, Tim Papakyriakou, and Peter A. Taylor. "Visibility during Blowing Snow Events over Arctic Sea Ice." Weather and Forecasting 23, no. 4 (2008): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2007015.1.

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Abstract A field study on visibility during Arctic blowing snow events over sea ice in Franklin Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada, was carried out from mid-January to early April 2004 during the Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study (CASES) 2003–04 expedition. Visibilities at two heights, wind and temperature profiles, plus blowing and drifting snow particle flux at several heights were monitored continually during the study period. Good relations between visibility and wind speed were found in individual events of ground blowing snow with coefficients of determination &gt;0.9. Regression

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25

Nathan, N. D., and R. B. Green. "Flow visualisation of the helicopter brown-out phenomenon." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1145 (2009): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003134.

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Abstract Quantitative and qualitative results of a series of experiments conducted on a rotor in ground effect at low forward speeds are presented. The velocity over a wide area of the ground effect wake was measured using particle image velocimetry, and the evolution of the flow is described as the forward speed increases. The formation of a dust cloud leading to so-called helicopter brown-out was simulated through a series of flow visualisation experiments. The technique involved sprinkling a fine dust on the ground below and ahead of the rotor. Larger dust clouds were observed at lower forw

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26

M Zain, Mohd Shahmerulakmal, Mohd Hanif Othman, Nasradeen A. Khalifa, et al. "Evaluation of Ground Vibration Resulting from a Heavy Vehicle Passing Over Transverse Rumble Strips: A Case Study in Kluang Road FT050." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 3 (2021): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(3)-22.

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The transverse rumble strip (TRS) is one of the methods used to improve the driver's alertness to its driving and reduce their speed. However, the presence of a TRS causes unevenness on the road surface and may result in ground vibration when heavy vehicles passes it. This ground vibration may cause discomfort to the people living adjacent to the road. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the level of ground vibration resulting from heavy vehicles passing over TRS especially on typical federal road in Malaysia which contains high percentage of fast-moving heavy vehicles. Ground vibration ass

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27

Sullivan, Franklin B., Adam G. Hunsaker, Michael W. Palace, and Jennifer M. Jacobs. "Evaluating the Effects of UAS Flight Speed on Lidar Snow Depth Estimation in a Heterogeneous Landscape." Remote Sensing 15, no. 21 (2023): 5091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15215091.

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Recently, sensors deployed on unpiloted aerial systems (UAS) have provided snow depth estimates with high spatial resolution over watershed scales. While light detection and ranging (LiDAR) produces precise snow depth estimates for areas without vegetation cover, there has generally been poorer precision in forested areas. At a constant flight speed, the poorest precision within forests is observed beneath tree canopies that retain foliage into or through winter. The precision of lidar-derived elevation products is improved by increasing the sample size of ground returns but doing so reduces t

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28

Stapleton, Drew, Melissa Cooley, Darlene Goehner, and Daloud Jandal. "The case for U.S. high speed rail." Journal of Transportation Management 13, no. 1 (2002): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1017619500.

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High-speed rail is a form of self-guided ground transportation, which utilizes steel-wheels or magnetic levitation (i.e., Maglev) and can travel in excess of 200 miles per hour. High-speed ground transportation (i.e., HSGT) has been widely used in Europe and Asia, but the debate continues over the usefulness of high-speed rail in the United States. Several metropolitan areas in the United States have been identified as corridors that would benefit from HSGT. High speed rail can offer an alternative or a compliment to over-the-road and air transportation. Initial investment cost for this mode o

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29

Evans, Emily, Megan Dass, Will Muter, et al. "Use of a Novel Mixed Reality Application For Over Ground Gait Speed Modulation." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 103, no. 12 (2022): e54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.08.564.

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30

Clifton, G. T., D. Holway, and N. Gravish. "Uneven substrates constrain walking speed in ants through modulation of stride frequency more than stride length." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 3 (2020): 192068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.192068.

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Natural terrain is rarely flat. Substrate irregularities challenge walking animals to maintain stability, yet we lack quantitative assessments of walking performance and limb kinematics on naturally uneven ground. We measured how continually uneven 3D-printed substrates influence walking performance of Argentine ants by measuring walking speeds of workers from laboratory colonies and by testing colony-wide substrate preference in field experiments. Tracking limb motion in over 8000 videos, we used statistical models that associate walking speed with limb kinematic parameters to compare movemen

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31

Dreus, Andrii, Serhii Aleksieienko, and Valerii Nekrasov. "Determining the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed unmanned marine wig craft." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 7 (130) (2024): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.309708.

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The study object of this paper is the aerodynamic processes during the movement of an unmanned aerial vehicle flying low over the underlying surface. The ground effect is known to enhance the aerodynamic performance of low-flying aircraft, particularly larger ones. However, this effect is most noticeable for large objects. Unmanned vehicles are typically characterized by their relatively compact geometry. This study explores the aerodynamic processes involved in the flight of a small-sized vehicle using the principle of dynamic support over a surface. The particular prototype of the unmanned a

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32

Zhang, Zeyuan, Xianbing Zou, Qun Li, and Ning Wei. "Towards 100 Gbps over 100 km: System Design and Demonstration of E-Band Millimeter Wave Communication." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239514.

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Long-range E-band communication with fiber-equivalent speed is emerging extensively as a critical technology in the next-generation communication. This paper firstly reviews the relevant progress in recent research. A brief survey is presented on high-speed, long-range E-band communication systems and their relevant techniques that are essential to the link design, including antenna, power amplifier (PA), channel, and digital baseband processing. In the second part, we review our recent field trial of a long-range air-to-ground E-band link, which maintains steady transmission from a slow-movin

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33

Hou, Jiacheng, and Zhongquan Charlie Zheng. "Simulation of near-ground signals from a flying source on UAV over a building structure." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010577.

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Acoustic signals near the ground generated by a moving source on a fly-by UAV are simulated around a house. The simulation is carried out using a time-domain acoustics solver that can simulate acoustic propagations with the specified moving source, ground properties, and building geometries. The source on a UAV is approximated by a broadband source moving at a constant speed. The long-range three-dimensional computation is developed with a ground as a rigid or porous medium and a residential house with realistic geometries. Time histories and histograms of the near-ground sensors at different

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34

Lan, Song, Feng Gao, Guo Yan Xu, and Neng Gen Ding. "Effect of Height and Width of Road Humps on Deceleration Performance and Driving Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.330.

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Through the establishment of a five-degree-of-freedom vehicle model, calculating and analyzing the seat vertical acceleration, wheel ground adhesion index and the wheel dynamic load for the car with different speeds that runs over road humps having different height and width, so as to obtain the effect of height and width of the hump on the deceleration performance and driving safety. According to the comparative analysis of the seat acceleration, wheel ground adhesion index and the wheel dynamic load, so as to obtain the best speed limit range of the road hump.

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35

Khiem, Mai, Ryozo Ooka, Hong Huang, Hiroshi Hayami, Hiroshi Yoshikado, and Yoichi Kawamoto. "Analysis of the Relationship between Changes in Meteorological Conditions and the Variation in Summer Ozone Levels over the Central Kanto Area." Advances in Meteorology 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/349248.

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An increasing trend in ground-level ozone () concentrations has recently been recognized in Japan, although concentrations of ozone precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) have decreased. In this paper, the relationship between meteorological factors (temperature and wind speed) and ground-level ozone concentrations in the summer over the central Kanto area of Japan was examined using both statistical analyses and numerical models. The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the Community Multiscale Air Quality

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Smith, Beth A., Masayoshi Kubo, David P. Black, Kenneth G. Holt, and Beverly D. Ulrich. "Effect of Practice on a Novel Task—Walking on a Treadmill: Preadolescents With and Without Down Syndrome." Physical Therapy 87, no. 6 (2007): 766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060289.

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Background and Purpose The authors propose that preadolescents with Down syndrome (DS) initially adapt to contexts that challenge their stability by increasing stiffness and impulse but, with practice, they will continue to adapt, but in the opposite direction, by decreasing stiffness and impulse. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in stiffness and impulse values of participants with DS after sufficient, task-specific practice distributed over time in a motivating environment. Subjects Eight preadolescents with DS and 8 preadolescents with typical development (TD) participated. M

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Itoga, Noriaki, Tomoari Nagashima, and Yoshimasa Yoshizawa. "Numerical Calculations of Flowfields around a Rotor Flying over Near-Ground at Low Speed." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 50, no. 579 (2002): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.50.166.

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38

Klinefelter, Eric, and Jeffrey A. Nanzer. "Interferometric Microwave Radar With a Feedforward Neural Network for Vehicle Speed-Over-Ground Estimation." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 30, no. 3 (2020): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2020.2966191.

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39

de Ruiter, Cornelis J., Ben van Oeveren, Agnieta Francke, Patrick Zijlstra, and Jaap H. van Dieen. "Running Speed Can Be Predicted from Foot Contact Time during Outdoor over Ground Running." PLOS ONE 11, no. 9 (2016): e0163023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163023.

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40

Witte, T. H., and A. M. Wilson. "Accuracy of WAAS-enabled GPS for the determination of position and speed over ground." Journal of Biomechanics 38, no. 8 (2005): 1717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.07.028.

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41

Lang, Xiao, Da Wu, and Wengang Mao. "A Machine Learning Ship’s Speed Over Ground Prediction Model and Sailing Time Control Strategy." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 32, no. 4 (2022): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2022.jc876.

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42

Curran, Stephen John. "Broadband Communications for Aircraft in Oceanic and Other Remote Areas." International Journal of Aviation Systems, Operations and Training 1, no. 1 (2014): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijasot.2014010106.

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Data communication with aircraft presents unique technical challenges and these challenges are more pronounced when the aircraft are travelling over oceanic or other remote areas. When in populated areas, systems are available that can support high speed data services, one Gigabit per second (Gbps) and beyond via, terrestrial ground stations. However no such systems exist to provide airborne communications with high bandwidths among aircraft and between aircraft and the ground in more remote regions. Passengers will expect data service on the aircraft similar to what they typically experience

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43

McGowan, Craig P., Alena M. Grabowski, William J. McDermott, Hugh M. Herr, and Rodger Kram. "Leg stiffness of sprinters using running-specific prostheses." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 73 (2012): 1975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0877.

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Running-specific prostheses (RSF) are designed to replicate the spring-like nature of biological legs (bioL) during running. However, it is not clear how these devices affect whole leg stiffness characteristics or running dynamics over a range of speeds. We used a simple spring–mass model to examine running mechanics across a range of speeds, in unilateral and bilateral transtibial amputees and performance-matched controls. We found significant differences between the affected leg (AL) of unilateral amputees and both ALs of bilateral amputees compared with the bioL of non-amputees for nearly e

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Yiew, Lucas J., and Allan R. Magee. "Deriving tidal currents from AIS data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2311, no. 1 (2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2311/1/012003.

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Abstract In this study, a method is proposed to derive ocean surface current conditions using only information available through AIS – mainly speed over ground (SOG), course over ground (COG) and vessel heading. This method allows the mapping of current conditions over large areas, in doing so gives seafarers better awareness and advance warning of local environmental conditions. This also helps in route planning and management of voyage-related resources. In the proposed method, current speeds and directions are solved through a system of equations containing the resolved SOG, COG and heading

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Boretti, Albert. "Analysis of lift and drag coefficients of a GT2 racing car at various speeds with movable wheels and ground." World Journal of Engineering 12, no. 3 (2015): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.3.261.

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The paper proposes a study of a GT2 racing car with a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tool. Results of STAR-CCM+ simulations of the flow around the car in a wind tunnel with movable ground and wheels are presented for different air speeds to assess the different contributions of pressure and shear to lift and drag over the speed range. The rear wing contributes more than 85% of the lift force and 7-8% of the drag force for this particular class of racing cars. When reference is made to the low speed drag and lift coefficients, increasing the speed from 25 to 100 m/s produces an increase of C

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Reissland, Torsten, Bjoern Lenhart, Johann Lichtblau, Michael Sporer, Robert Weigel, and Alexander Koelpin. "Evaluation of a robust correlation-based true-speed-over-ground measurement system employing a FMCW radar." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 7 (2019): 686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000928.

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AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for the determination of True-Speed-Over-Ground for trains. Speed determination is accomplished by correlating the received signals of two side-looking radar sensors. The theoretically achievable precision is derived. Test measurements are done in two different scenarios to give a proof of concept. Thereafter a series of field measurements is performed to rate the practical suitability of the approach. The results of the measurements are thoroughly evaluated. The test and field measurements are carried out using a 24 GHz frequency modulated continuo

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Zaaf, A., R. Van Damme, A. Herrel, and P. Aerts. "Spatio-temporal gait characteristics of level and vertical locomotion in a ground-dwelling and a climbing gecko." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 7 (2001): 1233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.7.1233.

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The effects of incline (vertical versus horizontal) on spatio-temporal gait characteristics (stride and step length, frequency, duty factor, degree of sprawling) were measured over a range of speeds in a ground-dwelling (Eublepharis macularius) and a climbing (Gekko gecko) species of gecko. Surprisingly, the climbing species also performs very well when moving on the horizontal substratum. In the present experiments, climbing speeds ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 m s(−)(1), whereas speeds for level locomotion were between 0.6 and 1.8 m s(−)(1). In contrast, the vertical climbing capacities of the grou

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zum Berge, Kjell, Martin Schoen, Moritz Mauz, et al. "A Two-Day Case Study: Comparison of Turbulence Data from an Unmanned Aircraft System with a Model Chain for Complex Terrain." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 180, no. 1 (2021): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00608-2.

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AbstractThe airborne measurement platform MASC-3 (Multi-Purpose Airborne Sensor Carrier) is used for measurements over a forested escarpment in the Swabian Alps to evaluate the wind field. Data from flight legs between 20 and 200 m above the ground on two consecutive days with uphill (westerly) flow in September 2018 are analyzed. In the lowest 140 m above the ground a speed-up is found with increased turbulence and changes in wind direction directly over the escarpment, whereas in the lowest 20 to 50 m above the ground a deceleration of the flow is measured. Additionally, simulation results f

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Zhang, Yunshi, Yu Lou, Nan Zhang, Yanmei Cao, and Liu Chen. "Attenuation and Prediction of the Ground Vibrations Induced by High-Speed Trains Running Over Bridge." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 06 (2021): 2150076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421500760.

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This paper aims to study the transfer laws of vibration signals in the free field near a high-speed train line by conducting a field test. The characteristics of ground vibration acceleration were analyzed in the time and frequency domains, and a prediction method in the frequency domain was proposed. The results show: (1) there is a vibration amplification area away from the bottom of the pier under the influence of high-speed trains running over the bridge due to the fluctuation attenuation of the vibration waves; (2) the dominant peak frequency points in the frequency spectrum of the accele

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Pellegrini, Cláudio De Castro, Almilson Vilhena Leite Neto, João Victor Burgareli de Assis, and Arcilan Trevenzoli Assireu. "UM ESTUDO NUMÉRICO DA INTENSIFICAÇÃO DO VENTO EM RESERVATÓRIOS DE CENTRAIS HIDROELÉTRICAS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO BRASIL." Ciência e Natura 38 (July 20, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x20170.

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Brazil has a large hydric potential explored in many ways, especially for electrical generation. However there is a lack of studies about the wind acceleration a converge over the reservoir, affected by the surrounding topography and the low roughness of the water surface. In this work an evaluation of the phenomenon is performed thought observed data and numerical simulation using the WRF atmospheric model. The selected reservoirs are located in the Brazilian south-east region, and both have operating infrastructure of transmission. In view of that, we have tried to understand the influence o

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