To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Spektrofotometr.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spektrofotometr'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Spektrofotometr.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Vodák, Jiří. "Optimalizace zobrazovacího spektrofotometru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230231.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis deals with an optimization of an imaging spectrophotometer which consists of a monochromator, a CCD camera with extended detection range to UV spectra and an imaging system. Main benefits of the optimization are utilization of a new lightsource, a connection of the monochromator and the imaging system by a fibre bundle and upgrade of a sample angle adjustment system by use of a auxiliary CCD camera. More changes were made to increase accuracy of measurements and ease of use of the apparatus.
2
Schmoll, Jürgen. "3D-Spektrofotometrie extragalaktischer Emissionslinienobjekte." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/37/.
Full textAbstract:
Populärwissenschaftlicher Abstract: Bislang gibt es in der beobachtenden optischen Astronomie zwei verschiedene Herangehensweisen: Einerseits werden Objekte durch Kameras abbildend erfaßt, andererseits werden durch die wellenlängenabhängige Zerlegung ihres Lichtes Spektren gewonnen. Das Integral - Field - Verfahren ist eine relativ neue Technik, welche die genannten Beobachtungsmethoden vereint. Das Objektbild im Teleskopfokus wird in räumlich zerlegt und jedes Ortselement einem gemeinsamen Spektrografen zugeführt. Hierdurch wird das Objekt nicht nur zweidimensional räumlich erfaßt, sondern zusätzlich die spektrale Kompenente als dritte Dimension erhalten, weswegen das Verfahren auch als 3D-Methode bezeichnet wird. Anschaulich kann man sich das Datenresultat als eine Abbildung vorstellen, in der jeder einzelne Bildpunkt nicht mehr nur einen Intensitätswert enthält, sondern gleich ein ganzes Spektrum. Diese Technik ermöglicht es, ausgedehnte Objekte im Unterschied zu gängigen Spaltspektrografen komplett zu erfassen. Die besondere Stärke der Methode ist die Möglichkeit, die Hintergrundkontamination der unmittelbaren Umgebung des Objektes zu erfassen und in der Auswertung zu berücksichtigen. Durch diese Fähigkeit erscheint die 3D-Methode prädestiniert für den durch moderne Großteleskope erschlossenen Bereich der extragalaktischen Stellarastronomie. Die detaillierte Untersuchung aufgelöster stellare Populationen in nahegelegenen Galaxien ist erst seit kurzer Zeit dank der Fortschritte mit modernen Grossteleskopen und fortschrittlicher Instrumentierung möglich geworden. Wegen der Bedeutung für die Entstehung und Evolution von Galaxien werden diese Arbeiten zukünftig weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Integral-Field-Spektroskopie an zwei planetarischen Nebeln in der nächstgelegenen großen Spiralgalaxie M31 (NGC 224) getestet, deren Helligkeiten und Koordinaten aus einer Durchmusterung vorlagen. Hierzu wurden Beobachtungen mit dem MPFS-Instrument am russischen 6m - Teleskop in Selentschuk/Kaukasus sowie mit INTEGRAL/WYFFOS am englischen William-Herschel-Teleskop auf La Palma gewonnen. Ein überraschendes Ergebnis war, daß eins der beiden Objekte falsch klassifiziert wurde. Sowohl die meßbare räumliche Ausdehnung des Objektes als auch das spektrale Erscheinungsbild schlossen die Identität mit einem planetarischen Nebel aus. Mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit handelt es sich um einen Supernovaüberrest, zumal im Rahmen der Fehler an gleicher Stelle eine vom Röntgensatelliten ROSAT detektierte Röntgenquelle liegt.
Die in diesem Projekt verwendeten Integral-Field-Instrumente wiesen zwei verschiedene Bauweisen auf, die sich miteinander vergleichen ließen. Ein Hauptkritikpunkt der verwendeten Instrumente war ihre geringe Lichtausbeute. Die gesammelten Erfahrung fanden Eingang in das Konzept des derzeit in Potsdam in der Fertigung befindlichen 3D-Instruments PMAS (Potsdamer Multi - Apertur - Spektrophotometer), welcher zunächst für das 3.5m-Teleskop des Calar - Alto - Observatoriums in Südspanien vorgesehen ist. Um die Effizienz dieses Instrumentes zu verbessern, wurde in dieser Arbeit die Kopplung der zum Bildrasterung verwendeten Optik zu den Lichtleitfasern im Labor untersucht. Die Untersuchungen zur Maximierung von Lichtausbeute und Stabilität zeigen, daß sich die Effizienz durch Auswahl einer geeigneten Koppelmethode um etwa 20 Prozent steigern lässt.
Popular scientific abstract:
Currently there are two different approaches in the observational optical astronomy: On the first hand objects are imaged with cameras, on the other hand spectra are produced. The integral-field-technique is a relatively new way to combine both branches. The object image in the telecopes focus is sampled spatially and each spatial bin assigned to a spectrograph. Hence the object is not only sampled spatially but the spectral component is achieved as a third dimension, so the name 3D-Method. The result is like an image but each point consists of a whole spectrum. The use of this technique is to sample objects completely in contrast to standard slit spectroscopy. The strength of this method is to deal with high background light contamination. So the 3D method looks convincing for the new branch of extragalactic stellar astronomy with modern large telescopes. The detailled investigation of spatially resolved extragalactic populations in nearby galaxies is a rather new topic demanding newest telescopes and instrumentation. These investigations are very important in future to understand the origin and evolution of galaxies.
In this thesis the Integral-Field-Spectroscopy was tested for two planetary nebulae in the Andromeda galaxy M31. Observations have been made using the MPFS on the Russian 6m telescope and the INTEGRAL/WYFFOS setup on the 4.2m WHT on La Palma. A surprising result was that one of the two objects was wrongly identified as a planetary nebula. The spatial extension and spectral details excluded this object class. With high probability this object is a supernova remnant.
The integral-field-instruments used in this thesis had different technical layouts, which were to compare to each other. The main critics is the poor efficiency of both devices. The experience made was utilized to optimize the concept of the recently developed 3D-instrument PMAS (Potsdam Multi- Aperture Spectrophotometer). PMAS will be used for the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. To improve efficiency, the coupling of the optical fibers used to sample the object and guide the light into the spectrograph was optimized in the laboratory. This investigations showed that an increase of the coupling efficiency by about 20 percent is possible by using immersion coupling between fibers and lenses.
3
Schmoll, Jürgen. "3D-Spektrofotometrie extragalaktischer Emissionslinienobjekte." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2002/0005/schmoll.ps.
Full text
4
Hořavová, Lenka. "Spektrofotometrie přírodních látek – sekundárních metabolitů rostlin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220060.
Full textAbstract:
Plants are an important source of secondary metabolites, such as substances that have a beneficial biological effect on the health of humans and they are irreplaceable in the modern medicine. They may operate in prevention and in the treatment of civilization diseases. In terms of content substances, the phenolic come to fore, especially polyphenols, which have been related to a number of overview studies due to their wide distribution and high concentration in plants. They also represent an important part of substances with redox effects present in the human diet and have an important role for the plant itself. Currently, many laboratories are dedicated to pharmaceutical and biological testing of plants. Individual polyphenols in plant matrices are determined primarily by chromatography, electrophoresis methods, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Valuable information on the content of polyphenols in plant extract can be obtained also by using spectrophotometric methods. The subject of this thesis is to provide information, characterization and comparison of conventional and modern techniques for the determination of natural substances – phenolic compounds using spectral techniques.
5
Záhorská, Linda. "Studium biotechnologicky významných mikroorganismů pomocí Ramanovy spektrofotometrie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316231.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the study of biotechnologically significant microorganisms, using the Raman spectroscopy. Content of the theoretical part is brief characteristic of Raman spectroscopy as a method, its use in practice and also use as a tool for monitoring of biotechnologically processes. Thesis was further focus on the biotechnologically significant microorganism Aureobasidium pullulans, its use in biotechnology and also for over-produced substances and in particular poly-L-maleic acid and pullulan. The content of the experimental part was study of selected strains A. pullulans, specifically stains as DSMZ, CCM F148 and CCM 8182, using Raman spectroscopy on the various types of culture media. Subject of practical part research was too production of extracellular polymers, acid poly-L-apple and pullulan, by selected strains A. pullulans. Objective of my thesis was described and determinate, spectra of individual strains as well as extracellular products, mainly pullulan, and then choose suitable production medium and optimal production strain A. pullulans. During experimental work was found, that optimal production strain was DSMZ strain culture on the mineral medium with the addition of yeast autolysate, which was optimal medium type. The content of the pullulan produced was for gravimetric determination, 6,3g/L, which also confirmed the results of the HPLC method. It was experimentally found, that Raman spectroscopy isn´t suitable method for quantification of extracellular products, but is appropriate and was used for PCA analysis of individual strains.
6
Čapka, Lukáš. "Využití spektrofotometrie pro stanovení reziduí léčiv ve vodách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216367.
Full textAbstract:
Residua of pharmaceuticals represent biologically active compounds which can interfere with some purification processes in WWTP. Control laboratories of many WWTP and water works are equipped with UV-VIS spectrophotometers. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis was the elaboration of the method for the determination of selected drugs in water based on the VIS spectrophotometry.
7
Matti, Reman. "JÄMFÖRELSE MELLAN PREPARATIONSMETODER AV POSITIV BLODODLING INFÖR DIREKT IDENTIFIERING MED MALDI-TOF MASS SPEKTROFOTOMETRI." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26085.
Full textAbstract:
Abstrakt: Sepsis (blodförgiftning) är ett livshotande tillstånd som innebär att bakterier eller svampar tar sig in i blodbanan. Det sker ofta genom njurarna, lungorna eller sår i skadad hud. Symptom innefattar feber och allmän sjukdomskänsla. Positiva blododlingar prepareras och analyseras med Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF MS) där blandas preparerade prov med matrix och bestrålas sedan med en laser. Bestrålningen medför att proteinerna i provet joniseras och rör sig mot en detektor. Proteinerna detekteras som ett spektrum som i sin tur jämförs med ett referensspektrum av en känd bakterie/svamp som finns lagrat i en databas. Dessutom erhålls ett score-värde över hur väl provet liknar ett referensprov. Arbetets syfte var att se vilken provberedningsmetod som gav ett tillförlitligt resultat i MALDI-TOF och ett bra score-värde för identifiering av bakterier till art-nivå på kortast tid. Preparationsmetoderna innefattar rening av blod från röda blodkroppar och andra partiklar som stör MALDI TOF-instrument. Metoderna jämfördes med nuvarande Saponinmetod. Två av metoderna (Ferroni och Huang) gav dåliga resultat och jämförelsen avbröts efter två försök. Ett kommersiellt kit Sepsityper extraktion gav bra resultat där 79 % av analyserna gav identifiering till art-nivå. Motsvarande resultat med saponin-metoden var 33 %. Slutsatsen är att Sepsityper-extraktion-metoden gav betydligt bättre resultat än nuvarande Saponin-metod. Metoden var robust, användarvänlig, snabb och gav bra resultat både för gramnegativa och grampositiva bakterier.Abstract: Sepsis (blood poisoning) is a life-threatening condition caused by bacteria or fungi entering the bloodstream. Pathogens often again access through the kidneys, lungs or wounds in damaged skin. Symptoms include fever, chills and general feeling of illness. Positive blood cultures are prepared and analyzed with Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF MS) prepared samples are mixed with matrix and then irradiated with laser beam. The laser beam will be directed to each position in the MALDI plate that causes the proteins in the sample to ionize and move towards a detector. The protein pattern is presented in a spectrum that is compared with a reference spectrum of known bacteria / fungi, stored in a database. In addition, a score value was obtained on how well the sample is aligned to the reference sample. The aim of this study was to compare three methods in order to achieve the best score value for identification to species level. The time factor was also important. The preparation methods include purification of blood removing red blood cells and other particles that interfere with MALDI analysis. The methods were compared with the current Saponinmethod. The results of two methods (Ferroni and Huang) were not satisfactory and further comparison was interrupted after two experiments. A commercial kit Sepsityper with extraction gave good results with 79 % identification to species level. Corresponding results for the current Saponin-method was 33 %. In conclusion, the Sepsityper-extraction-method was superior to the current Saponin-method. The method was robust, user-friendly, rapid and gave good results from both gramnegative and grampositive bacteria.
8
Linda, Ekeman. "Ölets verkliga beska." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154357.
Full textAbstract:
I detta projektarbete skulle tre olika ölsorters beska bestämmas. Beskan skulle bestämmas analytiskt genom två metoder, en HPCL och en spektrofotometrisk. Det skulle även avgöras vilken av metoderna som lämpade sig bäst för detta. Ölsorter är ur Lundabryggeriets sortiment. Beska mäts i IBU som är en förkortning på ”international bitterness units” och är milligram iso-α–syror per liter öl. Den analytiska IBU bestämningen skulle göras för att kunna få en uppskattning om hur riktiga de IBU värden var som Lundabryggeriet tidigare beräknat fram med hjälp ut av ett program, Glenn Tinseths. De två olika analysmetoderna som användes var, en spektrofotometrisk metod ”Hope bitterness in beer” och en HPLC metod ” Iso α-, α-and β-acid in hope and isomerized hop extracts in beer”. Under arbetets gång fastställdes det att tillredningen av extraktionslösningarna i den spektrofotometriska metoden är väldigt beroende på hur länge dessa lösningar skakas. Det fastställdes också att desto mörkare ölet var desto viktigare blev skakningstiden. För HPLC metoden fastställdes det att lösligheten av substansen ICE-I3, i standarden, beror på polariteten i lösningsmedlet och att det inte är optimalt att använda svagt försurad metanol, som var angivet i metoden ”Iso α-, α-and β-acid in hope and isomerized hop extracts in beer”. Då metanolen är svagt försurad är den även mer polär, vilket resulterade i att ICE-I3 inte kunde lösas. Att använda metanol som inte var försurad visade sig vara mycket mer lämpligt. I detta fall kunde det konstateras att den spektrofotometriska metoden var mer osäker än HPLC, speciellt då skakningstiden för fullständig extraktion av de isomerade syrorna inte kunde fastställas. Därför anses det vara bättre lämpat att fokusera på HPLC metoden vid fortsatt arbete för att fastställa ölsorternas IBU.In this project, the bitterness of three different kinds of beers was to be determined. The bitterness would analytically be determined with two methods, a HPLC method and a spectrophotometric method. The aim of the project was also to decide whitch of the methods that was best suited for this determination. Bitterness is measured in IBU which is an abbreviation of “International Bitterness Units” and is measured in milligram iso-α-acids per liter of beer. The analytical determination of the IBU was to be made, in order to get an estimate of how accurate previous entered IBU values were. Those values were estimated using calculations in the program, Glenn Tinseths. The determination of the IBU was executed with two different methods of analysis, a spectrophotometric method “Hope bitterness in beer” and a HPLC method “Iso α-, α- and β-acid in Hope and isomerized hop extracts in beer”. During the work it was concluded that the preparation of the extraction in the spectrophotometric method is very dependent on how long the solvents are shaken. It was also concluded that, the darker the beer was the more important the time of shaking the solvents was. For the HPLC method, it was determined that the solubility of substance ICE I3, in the standard, depends on the polarity of the solvent and that it is not optimal to use low acidified methanol, which was specified by the method “Iso α-, α-and β-acid in Hope and isomerized hop extracts in beer”. When methanol is weakly acidfied, it is also more polar, resulting in that the ICE-I3 could not be resolved. Using methanol that was not acidified at all was shown to be more appropriate. Finally, it was determined that the spectrophotometric method was more uncertain than the HPLC, especially when the specific time of shaking the solvents for complete extraction of the isomerade acids, could not be determined. The HPLC method is therefore considered to be the better fit of the two, and should be focus in further work of determining the beers IBU.
9
Sandberg, Mona. "Hur ska man diagnostisera zinkbrist?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131411.
Full textAbstract:
Zink (Zn) är ett mikronäringsämne som är nödvändigt för människans fysiologi. Upptaget av zink varierar beroende på kostens innehåll av zink samt om den innehåller ämnen som är hämmande eller stimulerande på zinkupptaget. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilket referensområde som är normalt för zink i plasma och serum hos friska personer samt att undersöka risken för kontamination av zink från rör, korkar och pipettspetsar. Syftet var även att jämföra zinknivåerna i plasma och serum efter ett intag av zink i 4 veckor, samt att jämföra zinknivåerna med body mass index (BMI), albumin, östradiol samt markörer för inflammation och järnstatus. Sammanlagt 54 subjektivt friska personer rekryterades till studien, främst studenter från Linköpings universitet och personal inom laboratoriemedicin, Region Östergötland. Venprovtagning utfördes på forskningspersonerna och zinkproverna analyserades på Konelab 30i med en spektrofotometrisk metod. Resultatet visade att zinknivåerna i serum och plasma hos friska personer är lägre än de referensintervall som är angivna inom laboratoriemedicin samt i litteraturen. Det visade även att kontaminationsrisken av zink från rör, pipettspetsar och korkar är ytterst liten. Efter tillskott av zink ökade zinkkoncentrationen i serum och plasma (p<0,001). När det gällde övriga parametrar var det endast ferritin hos gruppen med låga utgångsvärden som visade signifikant lägre värden efter zinktillskott. Slutsatsen blir att referensområdet för zink hos friska personer bör justeras. Risken för kontamination av zink från rör, pipettspetsar och korkar är mycket liten och att dessa material som används idag kan fortsätta användas i samband med zinkanalyser.Zinc is a micronutrient that is essential for human health and development. The uptake of zinc from the diet is dependent on the relative zinc content in the diet, and the presence of elements that act as inhibitors or facilitators for the uptake of zinc. The purpose of the present study was to investigate zinc in plasma and serum samples from healthy individuals in relation to the current reference interval for zinc. A contamination test was also performed to investigate the risk of zinc contamination from tubes, corks and pipettes. An additional purpose was to compare the circulating levels of zinc after zinc supplementation for 4 weeks, and to compare the levels of zinc to body mass index, albumin, estradiol and markers for inflammation and blood iron status. Participating subjects were mainly students from Linköping University and employees from the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Östergötland. Venous sampling was carried out and samples were analyzed on a Konelab 30i with a spectrophotometric method for determination of plasma and serum zinc. The results showed that the levels of zinc in serum and plasma from healthy individuals were lower in comparison with the current reference interval and also in comparison with the current literature. It was also shown that the risk of contamination of zinc from tubes, pipettes and corks is insignificant. After zinc supplementation, the zinc levels increased in serum and plasma (p<0,001). For the remaining parameters, the only significant change after zinc supplementation was a lower level of ferritin in the subjects with low starting levels. In conclusion, we suggest that the current reference interval for serum zinc should be adjusted. The risk of contamination of zinc from tubes, pipettes and corks is insignificant and that the sampling materials in use today can be used onwards for determination of serum zinc.
10
Motyčka, Martin. "Nejistoty měření ve fotometrii." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241042.
Full textAbstract:
This master's thesis is focused on problematic of measurent unceartainties in photometry. Theoretical part describes photometric measururing instruments, their uncearnities and limitations. In the second part of this thesis there is a mathematical description of calculating uncearnities in laboratory conditions. In practical part there are calculations of uncearnities for photometric instruments at light laboraty VUT Brno.
11
Aydoğdu, Sibel Aktaş Ahmet Hakan. "Gıdalar içindeki maltol, etil maltol, vanilin ve etil vanilin'in yapay sinir ağları yöntemi ile kalibrasyonu ve simultane spektrofotometrik tayinleri /." Isparta: SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01020.pdf.
Full text
12
Carlander, Jonatan. "EN KLINISK STUDIE AV ANALYSEN CSV-SPEKTROFOTOMETRI - EN JÄMFÖRELSE AV GLAS- OCH PLASTKYETTER FÖR SPEKTROFOTOMETRISK MÄTNING AV BILIRUBIN OCH DEOXIHEMOGLOBIN I CEREBROSPINALVÄTSKA." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25967.
Full textAbstract:
En subaraknoidalblödning (SAB) orsakas av ruptuerade aneurysmer mellan den mjuka hjärnhinnan och spindelvävshinnan (arachnoidea). Symptomen för SAB är allvarlig spontan huvudvärk, stelhet i nacken, kräkningar, förvirring och svimning. Vid erhållna symptom görs en datortomografi (CT) av hjärnan för påvisning av blod i subaraknoidalrummet. I 98 % av fallen påvisar CT blod om undersökning görs inom 12 timmar från uppvisat symtom. Sannolikheten att påvisa blod med CT minskar dock med tiden. Efter en vecka kan blod påvisas i drygt 50 % av fallen. Vid symptom för en SAB men där CT inte påvisar blod görs en lumbalpunktion för analys av cerebrospinalvätska (CSV). Provtagning bör ske minst 12 timmar efter uppvisat symptom för bilirubin ska ha hunnit bildats från oxihemoglobin via enzymatiska reaktioner. Spektrofotometri används vid 415 nm för detektion av oxihemoglobin och vid 476 nm för detektion av bilirubin. Denna studie kommer undersöka huruvida det finns någon skillnad i uppmätt absorbans vid 415 nm respektive 476 nm mellan glas- och plastkyvetter samt undersöka hur ett dygns extra förvaring av CSV-prover påverkar absorbansen vid 476 nm. Resultatet för 20 CSV-prover visade på att det inte fanns någon statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan glas- och plastkyvetter (p=0,825 för 476 nm, p=0,632 för 415 nm) samt att absorbansen för 9 CSV-prover signifikant förändrades vid 476 nm efter ett dygns extra förvaring (p=0,01).A subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is caused by ruptured aneurysms between the soft meninges and arachnoid (arachnoid). Symptoms of an SAH is severe spontaneous headaches, stiff neck, vomiting, confusion and fainting. A computed tomography (CT) of the brain is used, on patients sustaining symptoms, to detect blood in the subarachnoid space. CT detects blood in 98% of the cases if examination is made within 12 hours from the shown symptoms. However, the probability of detecting blood with CT decreases with time. After a week, only 50 % of the CT-scans identifies blood. If patients suffers from typical symptoms but no detection of blood using CT-scan, a lumbar puncture is performed to analyse the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Sampling should be made at least 12 hours after presented symptoms because of the time-dependent creation of bilirubin from oxyhemoglobin via enzymatic reactions. Spectrophotometry is used in the wavelengths 415 nm for the detection of oxyhemoglobin and at 476 nm for detection of bilirubin. This study will examine whether there is any difference in the absorbance measured at 415 nm and 476 nm between glass-and plastic cuvettes as well as examine how 24 hours of extra storage of samples affect the absorbance at 476 nm. The result for 20 CSF-samples showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the glass and plastic cuvettes (p = 0,825 of 476 nm, p = 0,632 for 415 nm), and absorbance for 9 CSF-samples significantly changed at 476 nm after 24 hours of extra storage (p = 0.01).
13
Durmaz, Utanc Dilan. "Borering av stål för förbättrad härdning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146035.
Full textAbstract:
Bor tillförs stålet för att förbättra härdbarheten. Vid borering av rostfri ståltråd (0,5mm) har borsyra och bortribromid använts. Dessa borhaltiga ämnen har använts vid olika tillstånd, dvs. borsyra har tillförts i fast form och bortribromid som vätska, vilken förångats med hetvattenbad. Borsyra har i form av granuler placerats i reaktorn under ståltråden. Vid höga temperaturer på ståltråden har borsyran därvid upphettats direkt av tråden och bor har överförts till denna. Med båda borhaltiga ämnena har ståltråden impregnerats med två försök vardera, genom att ståltråden upphettats elektriskt med två olika spänningar, 4 resp. 5 volt. Efter detta har upplösning av trådarna skett med elektrolys med svavelsyra under ett dygn. Spektrofotometrisk analys har därefter genomförts för att bestämma mängden bor som tillförts de rostfria ståltrådarna. Med hjälp av en kalibrerkurva framtagen med kända bormängder har detta möjliggjort vidare bestämning av mängderna bor i de, med bortribromid och borsyra behandlade trådarna. I rapporten framgår hur mycket bor som tillförts från de borhaltiga ämnena till ståltrådarna. Mängderna bor visade sig vara mellan 0,025 – 0,050 vikts - %. Vid högre spänning, dvs. högre temperaturer blir mängderna bor högre och reaktionstiden kortare (den tid det tagit för ståltråden att brännas av har bestämt reaktionstiden). Proverna som genomförts vid 5 volt har kortare reaktionstid och mängderna bor är något högre än vid proverna med 4 volt.
14
Binning, Linda. "Undersökning av titanföreningar för tillverkning av standarder vid användning av röntgenfluorescens." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90484.
Full textAbstract:
SECO Tools manufactures tool inserts for all types of metal cutting machining. (Ti,W)C is a common raw material used in the production. At arrival, the material (Ti,W)C is always analyzed. Titanium has previously been analysed with x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, but as the calibration has previously been performed with two different types of titanium (rutile and metallic titanium), the results has differed. Because of that, this thesis project has been devoted to analyze titanium, to find the best titanium compound for producing standards. The work has been performed using literature studies and many experiments in the laboratories at SECO Tools inFagersta,Sweden. This project has included about ten working weeks. In this report the analysis methods of x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and spectrophotometry is described, as the methods has been used in the experiments. A big problem that was discovered during this project was the big standard deviation of results for the method used for analysing titanium with x-ray fluorescence. Because of that, much time of this project has been devoted to experiments trying to reduce the standard deviation between the samples, as this is vital to performing a reliable calibration. A variety of experiments has been performed without reducing the standard deviation between the samples to below 0.2 % -units for the (Ti, W) C-samples.
15
Lindkvist, Malin. "Validering av metod för analys av mineraloljor i vatten med infraröd-spektrofotometri : Går det att uppnå en god detektionsnivå och minimera hälsoriskerna för laboratoriepersonal vid användning av tetrakloretylen i den validerade metoden?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97642.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Tetrakloretylen (TTCE) har flera humantoxikologiska och ekotoxikologiskaegenskaper, bla ökad risk för flera olika typer av cancer samt bildande av marknära ozon som bidrar till växthuseffekten. Ämnet används ofta som lösningsmedel vid analys av mineraloljor i vatten med hjälp av IR-spektrofotometri. TTCE är svårt att ersätta med andra lösningsmedel på grund av dess positiva egenskaper vid denna typ av analys. Bland annat ger TTCE inget eller ytterst lite utslag på FTIR spektrat där avläsning av alifatiska och aromatiska kolväten sker. Syfte: Syftet med rapporten är att validera ett nytt instrument samt att minimera hälsoriskerna för berörd laboratoriepersonal som arbetar med tetrakloretylen. Metod: I samband med valideringen av metoden, analys av mineraloljor i vatten medinfraröd spektrofotometri, har en riskbedömning i form av en checklista genomförtstillsammans med bland annat skyddsombud för att säkerställa en säker arbetsmiljö. Resultat: Instrumentets och metodens linjäritet klarade kravet på R2>0,995. Totalt extraherbara alifatiska och aromatiska kolväten i halterna 1,0 samt 15 mg/l klarade mätosäkerheten på 15%. Data över riktigheten behöver kompleteras innan ett rättvist resultat kan erhållas. Slutsats: Valideringen av metoden LidMiljö0A.01.19 version 10, mineralolja i vatten med infraröd spektrofotometri, visar att den tidigare rapporteringsgränsen på 1,0 mg/l kommer att kvarstå. Hälsoriskerna för personalen som arbetar med analysmetoden, kan enligt denna studie minimeras till en godtagbar nivå som innebär att laboranten utsätts för minimal risk.Background: Tetrachlorethylene (TTCE) has several human- and ecotoxicological properties, including increased risk for several types of cancer, as well as formation of ground-level ozone that contributes to the greenhouse effect. The substance is often used as solvent for the analysis of mineral oils in water by means of IR spectrophotometry. TTCE is difficult to replace with other solvents due to its positive properties in this type of analysis. Among other things, TTCE gives no or very little impact on the FTIR spectra where reading of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons occurs. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to validate a new instrument and to minimize the health risks for the laboratory staff using the method. Method: In connection with validation of the method, analysis of mineral oils in water with infrared-spectrophotometry, a risk assessment in the form of a checklist has been implemented together with personnel which has an increased resonsibility of the working enviroment, to ensure a safety of the workplace. Results: The linearity of the instrument and the method met the requirement of R2> 0,995. Total extractable aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons at levels of 1,0 and 15 mg/l achieved uncertainty of the measurement by 15%. The data regarding correctness needs to be further expanded to obtain a relaiable result.3 Conclusion: The validation of the method LidMiljö0A.01.19 version 10, mineral oil in water with infrared-spectrophotometry, shows that the previous limit of 1,0 mg/l will remain. Health risks for the personnel involved in the analysis method can, according to this study, be minimized to an acceptable level.
16
Švec, Pavel. "Stanovení tenzidů v odpadních vodách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216522.
Full textAbstract:
Surfactants belong to surface-active compounds that have ability to restrain the surface tension; this ability is exploited to eliminate impurities. This study is focused on determination of surfactants in waste water to which these compounds can be transported from various cleaning and washing articles. In theoretical part are listed basic classifications of surfactants, their properties and requests of Czech legislative for their content in waste water. Furthermore here are described chosen analytical procedures for determination of anion-active, cation-active and non-ionic surfactants in waste water. The conclusion of the work is evaluation of measured results of surfactants concentration in inflow and outflow of waste water from waste-treatment plant in University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno and waste water from neutralizating station in FCH BUT. To determination of anionic surfactants were used two methods, arbitration method with usage of methylene blue and mobile analytics method which is based on chemical reaction between target compound and chemical agent. This reaction leads to formation of coloured compound able to spectrofotometric determination.
17
Kratochvílová, Romana. "Stanovení pKa huminových kyselin pomocí UV/VIS spektrometrie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216903.
Full textAbstract:
The behaviour of humic acids in aqueous solutions is closely connected to the content of acid functional groups and their dissociation abilities. The titration methods are the most often used for the research of acid-base characteristics of humic acids, their results should lead to the determination of the content of functional groups and their pKa. However the determined values depend on many factors including the titration speed. The spectrophotometric determination of dissociation constant was used in this diploma thesis. Reliability of this method was confirmed in bachelor thesis where is mentioned that spectrophotometric determination of pKa corresponds with realistic dissociation behaviour of humic acids in the water much more better than values obtained from titration methods. The principle of newly used spectrophotometry method is the preparation of humic acids solutions in three different media with different pH values. Acid groups of humic acids are practically completely dissociated in intensely basic environment and the measured absorbance is caused by anion of „humate“. On the contrary their dissociation in acid environment is suppressed so much that we measure the absorbance of non-dissociated molecules of humic acids. Deionized water was used like neutral solvent. Water was replaced by acetic buffer in this thesis because of water’s properties which have significant influence on solutions' pH. Buffer was used for diluting or for solubilisation and in these both cases more stable pH values were occurred. The aim of this diploma thesis is investigate UV/VIS spectra of various solutions of humic acids with different values of pH and determinate mean value of pKa of humic acids which could be used like comparison of dissociation behaviours for vary samples. Values of acid dissociation constant were determined from measured dates and compared with values obtained by titration method. The UV/VIS spectra gained in combination with the results of pH measuring and the conductivity next showed the differences in the behaviour of differently prepared samples of humic acids.
18
Pospíchalová, Lucie. "Adaptogeny v rostlině Shizandra chinensis." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401845.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with plant adaptogens (bioactive substances) in the plant Schisandra chinensis. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of the Schisandra genus, characterization of the Schisandra chinensis as a plant, its properties, occurrence and growing possibilities in the climate zone. Furthermore, The effects of these adaptogens on the organism and the prediction of possible use in food supplements are described. The experimental part deals with the extraction of fruits and leaves from plant Schisandra chinensis. Further, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b in the leaves extract was determined by UV – VIS spectrophotometry, whereby the optimal amount 3:1 of chlorophyll was confirmed for the plants growing in optimal conditions. Finally, the concentration of the adaptogen schisandrin A in the dried fruits was from different kind of extraction measured by HPLC. In all fruits, schisandrin A was confirmed, but the amount is different in each sample.
19
Pipková, Renata. "Měření celkových alkaloidů v tabáku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216798.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this diploma thesis is the assay of total alkaloids in different tobacco types. To measure the content of total alkaloids are utilized types of tobacco used for preparation of tobacco blends and consecutive production of cigarettes. The samples of analyzed tobacco include various countries of cultivation and different crop years. There is described tobacco as a plant, in it contained alkaloids and the utilization of tobacco in the theoretical part. In more detail it deals with the production and construction of cigarettes which is closely related to the content monitoring of total alkaloids in tobacco. The contents of total alkaloids are determined by the continuous flow analyzer- SKALAR. On this spectrophotometer are set the contens of reducing sugars as well. The comparison of total alkaloids contents and reducing sugars from the perspective of single tobacco types, countries of cultivation and crop years is clearly summarized in the experimental part of the thesis that was performed in the company Philip Morris ČR, a.s.
20
Osinová, Petra. "Studium vlivu interferentů na spektrofotometrické stanovení tenzidů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217013.
Full textAbstract:
Surfactants are surface-active agents decreasing surface tension to simplify removing dirt. Surfactants can be divided into four basic classes: anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amfolytic. In Czech Republic there are mostly used anionic surfactants nowadays which get into waste water through detergents. The thesis deals with the spectrophotometric determination of anionic surfactants and the study of interferences to this method.
21
Šacl, Vojtěch. "Optické stanovení stavu nabití průtokových vanadových článků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221100.
Full textAbstract:
The investigated subject for this diploma thesis is getting know properties of the vanadium redox battery (VRB), especially electrolyte. Specialization is applied to the state of charge of this cell and its measurements using the optical methods. Upon different state of charge is changed oxidation number of vanadium and resultant color of the electrolyte. Using spectrofotometry method that characteristic property is undergone measurement. The basic thing was learning to handle a measurement system. The first practical measurement was executed on example foils. Upon measurement of vanadium cell there was obtained the values of absorbation, which they were used for determination of state of charge.
22
Ziethén, Kristina. "Validering av turbidimetrisk metod för koncentrationsbestämning av albumin i cerebrospinalvätska." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17881.
Full textAbstract:
I denna studie jämfördes två olika metoder för att analysera cerbrospinalvätska (CSF); spinal-protein och spinal-albumin. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om spinal-albumin som baseras på turbidimetri skulle kunna ersätta spinal-protein som baseras på spektrofotometri. Denna används idag som rutinanalys på laboratoriet för klinisk kemi på S Södra Älvsborgs sjukhus (SÄS). 35 prover analyserades, tagna från det CSF -prover som ankom till SÄS. Varje prov kördes två gånger med respektive metod. Studien visade en god korrelation mellan metoderna, dock visade Bland-Altman diagram mindre spridning av värdena som erhölls med albumin-metoden. Resultaten för albumin jämfördes mot Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhus (SU) resultat, då albumin-metoden ingår i deras rutiner. Studien visade också att de dagliga kontrollerna som kördes ej var lämpade för albumin metoden, då både innehåll och koncentration inte var anpassad till spinalprover. Kontrollerna kommer att bytas ut mot andra mer lämpade kontroller. Metoden för spinal-albumin kommer att kunna ersätta total-protein som rutinanalys av CFS.
23
Pelikánová, Blanka. "Stanovení vybraných chemických parametrů v plodech nových odrůd rybízů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217090.
Full textAbstract:
Presented diploma thesis is dedicated to the determination of selected chemical parameters of fruits of new currant varieties. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of currant, the biologically active substances of its fruits and also the utilization of current in the food industry. Further part of the theory deals with the main chemical parameters which were examined: polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity. In the practical part there were determined selected chemical parameters in six white, twelve red and thirteen black varieties of currant. Anthocyanins and polyphenols have been determined spectrophotometrically. The content of ascorbic acid in selected varieties of currant was determined by HPLC. As a technique for the determinationof the antioxidant activity was selected the method of free radical DPPH.
24
Herka, Milan. "Monitoring obsahu fosforu a dusíku v odpadních vodách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217032.
Full textAbstract:
This master´s thesis is focused on the occurrence of phosphorus and nitrogen in effluents and methods of their determination. In the theoretical part of the thesis describes methods for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus in waste waters, their selection and optimization methods including mobile analytics. Experimental section is devoted to the abstraction of wastewater from selected wastewater treatment plants and their analysis methods including mobile analytics and comparing them with the presentation of their results. The conclusion is drawn evaluate the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater influent and effluent from wastewater treatment plants and compared the variation of these values during the one-month study and compared with published data.
25
Černá, Anna. "Analýza šťáv vybraných odrůd červeného a bílého rybízu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217129.
Full textAbstract:
Presented diploma thesis deals with the analysis of juices of selected red and white currant varieties. The theoretical part is dedicated to the characteristics of a currant, biologically active substances of its fruits, its growing proces and the utilization of currants in the food industry. The analyzed parameters of currants - phenolics, anthocyanins and vitamin C are also characterized in the theoretical part with possibůe methods of their determination. The experimental part is devoted to the preparation of samples and the working practices of individual analysis. Six selected varieties of white and eleven varieties of red currant from Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. and six varieties of white and ten varieties of red currant from private grower were used for the analysis. Total phenolics and anthocyanins were determined spectrophotometrically, the content of vitamin C was determined by HPLC. Higher values of these compounds were measured mainly in the varieties of Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. Varieties of red currants contained higher amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins while white currants contained higher amounts of vitamin C.
26
Toresson, Caroline. "Påverkan på blodgassprutor som transporterats i rörtransportsystemet MC-2000." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85818.
Full textAbstract:
Blodgassprutor beställs för att undersöka en patients syra-bas-status, laktatkoncentration och elektrolytkoncentration. Några orsaker till balansrubbningar kan vara trauma, syrebrist, infektion, intoxikation eller svält. År 2018 installerades ett nytt rörtransportsystem på Västerviks sjukhus och syftet med studien var att undersöka om det är möjligt att transportera blodgassprutor i det nya rörsystemet utan att provresultat påverkas. Analyser som studerades var pH (power of hydrogen), syretryck, koldioxidtryck, syrgasmättnad, natriumjoner, kaliumjoner, fria kalciumjoner, standardbikarbonat, basöverskott och laktat. Studien omfattade 27 arteriella dubbelprover där det ena provet transporterades i rörtransportsystemet och det andra transporterades manuellt till laboratoriet. Proverna analyserades på instrumentet ABL 800 Flex, inom 30 minuter efter provtagning, med analysmetoderna potentiometri, amperometri och spektrofotometri. Resultaten jämfördes i korrelationsdiagram med en regressionslinje för att påvisa samband mellan proverna. Korrelationsdiagrammen visade positiv linjär korrelation hos samtliga analyser och ett samband kunde påvisas (r = 0,930-0,998). Om resultatet från proverna som transporterats manuellt ökade, ökade även resultatet från proverna som transporterats i rörpost och tvärtom. Ett stapeldiagram skapades för att visualisera skillnader i medelvärde som visade en liten skillnad på basöverskott som ökade efter transport i rörpostsystemet. Ett tvåsidigt parat t-test utfördes för att påvisa om någon signifikant skillnad förelåg mellan analysresultaten. T-testet visade en statistisk signifikant skillnad på syretrycket (p = 0,04), syrgasmättnaden (p = 0,04), basöverskott (p = 0,001) och standardbikarbonat (p = 0,006), då medelvärdet ökade efter transport i rörpost. Medelvärdet för halten natriumjoner minskade efter transport i rörpostsystemet vilket innebar att hemolys inte förekom. Slutsatsen var att det finns en signifikant skillnad mellan blodgassprutor transporterade i rörpostsystem och blodgassprutor transporterade manuellt på vissa analyser, men skillnaden har ingen klinisk betydelse.Blood gas syringe are ordered to examine the patient´s acid-base status, lactate concentration and electrolyte concentration. Some causes for imbalance could be trauma, lack of oxygen, infection, poisoning or starvation. In 2018, a new pneumatic tube transport system was installed at Västervik´s hostpital and the purpose of this study was to investigate if it is possible to transport samples for blood gas analyses with the new pneumatic tube transport system without affecting the test results. The analyses which were investigated were pH (power of hydrogen), oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, saturation, sodium ions, potassium ions, free calcium ions, standard bicarbonate, base excess and lactate. The study included 27 arterial double samples, one samples was transported in the pneumatic tube transport system and the other was manually transported to the laboratory. The samples were analysed within 30 minutes after the sampling, on the ABL 800 Flex instrument, using the methods potentiometry, amperometry and spectrophotometry. The results were compared using a correlation diagram with a regression line to study the relationship between the parameters. The correlation diagram shown a positive linear correlation and a relationship could be demonstrated for all the parameters (r = 0,929-0,998). If the results from the samples transported manually increased, the results also increased from the samples transported in the pneumatic tube transport system and vice versa. A bar chart was created to visualize differences in the mean values. A difference could be seen in base excess and the mean value increased after transport in the pneumatic tube transport. A two-sided paired t-test was performed to demonstrate any significant difference between the parameters. The t-test demonstrated a significant difference in the oxygen tension (p = 0,04), oxygen saturation (p = 0,04), base excess (p = 0,001) and the standard bicarbonate (p = 0,006) and statistically the values was higher after transport with the pneumatic tube transport system. The mean value for sodium ions decreased after transport in the pneumatic tube transport system and that indicate that hemolysis did not occur. The conclusion of the study was that there is a significant difference between blood gas syringes transported with pneumatic tube transport system and blood gas syringes transported manually, but the differences are not clinically relevant.
27
Geistová, Karolína. "Inkorporace nízkomolekulárních a vysokomolekulárních látek do vezikulárních systémů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449415.
Full textAbstract:
This master´s thesis deals with the study of the incorporation of low and high molecular weight substances into liposomal systems. The aim of the work was to determine the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the active substance and the influence of individual components of the liposomal system on EE. Liposomes were prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. They were stabilized by cholesteroland and phosphatidic acid was added to give a negative charge. Stealth properties gain the binding of polyethylene glycol and other trimethyl chitosan we enabled the entry of liposomes into the bloodstream by the paracellular pathway. Vitamin C and the enzyme bromelain were used for incorporation into liposomes. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was used to determine the encapsulation efficiency of liposomes prepared by combining the individual components. It has been suggested that vitamin C and the enzyme can be incorporated into liposomes, but an enzyme with a higher EE. Furthermore, phosphatidic acid and trimethyl chitosan have been found to affect EE, which increases the EE of vitamin C and decreases the EE of the enzyme.
28
Kolářová, Iva. "Nepřímé spektrofotometrické stanovení fluoridů na bázi tvorby komplexů se zirkoniem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216790.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was the calculation and optimalization methods of the indirect spectrophotometric determination of fluoride based on the zirconium complex. Three organic reagent eriochromcyanin R chromazurl S and xylenol orange were tested. As the most sensitive system was shown the complex of zirconium with xylenol orange. Linear standard curve was ranged from 1,5.10-6 to 7,5.10-5 mol.dm-3. H2PO4-, Fe3+ and the highest concentrations of Fe2+, SO42- were tested for interferent. The Fe2+ and SO4- interfere only above the concentration which cannot be found in natural water. The optimized method was applied for the determination of fluoride in the model and real drinking, mineral and surface water.
29
Lang, David. "Interakce huminových hydrogelů s měďnatými ionty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217019.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis deals with humic acid gels and their ability to bind metallic ions on their surface. In the thesis, there was studied the adsorption of copper ions on the provided gels. The gels were prepared by dissolving the humic acid in sodium hydroxide or sodium tripolyphosphate and then precipitated with hydrochloric acid or metal chlorides. Adsorption was studied at different concentrations of the copper (II) chloride and measured on UV-VIS spectrophotometer. It was proved from measuring that gels made from sodium tripolyphosphate are adsorbing less copper ions than the ones prepared by sodium hydroxide. Also, the copper ions are bound with smaller force on gels prepared with polyphosphate. Gels precipitated with magnesium chloride adsorb much more than gels precipitated with acid, thus in the case of gels sequestered metal ions extracted higher.
30
Dostál, Vladimír. "Využití oxidu yttria pro vytváření antireflexních vrstev solárních článků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218813.
Full textAbstract:
This work deals with deposition of yttrium oxide layers on silicon substrate (P – type) by using magnetron and reactive magnetron sputtering. Experiments which were made are further described. After that, work is focused on evaluation of deposited layers by using FTIR measurement technique and spectrophotometry. At the end of the work results of experiments are discussed also with the future progress.
31
Zábranská, Miroslava. "Možnosti přípravy kombinovaných nápojů z vybraných druhů ovoce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240998.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the preparation of the combined alcoholic beverages based on wine and fruit juices. The fruit juices were obtained from the selected fruits as honeysuckle, mulberry, dogwood, rose hips, elderberry, buckthorn and aronia. Some chemical properties e. g. total fenolics, total anthocyanins, vitamin C and sacharides were determined for characterization of the mentioned juices. As well as chemical parameter of juices, the same chemical parameters were determined on wine. There were prepared three sets of combined beverages from wine and juices. The two best evaluated beverages were chosen on the basis of their sensory evaluation. In the end, the same chemical properties were determined in both particular juices and resulting beverages.
32
Peleška, Jan. "Kinetika koordinační polymerace 1-olefinů katalyzované diiminovými komplexy niklu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233353.
Full textAbstract:
This Ph.D. thesis is focused on kinetic study of propene and hex-1-ene coordination polymerizations initiated by complex [(2-tBuC6H4)N=C(1,8-naphtalenediyl)C=N(2-tBuC6H4)]NiBr2 activated by simple organoaluminium compounds and on product properties. In first three parts proper activators are chosen in model polymerizations. The attention is paid to the reproducibility of polymerizations and analytical methods. The fourth part is focused on propene polymerization kinetics with the aim to define optimal reaction conditions, especially polymerization temperature and time. The four part concerns also properties of polymers. The fifth and sixth parts deal with hex-1-ene polymerization kinetics conducted at various activator/initiator molar ratios and various catalytic precursor concentrations, to find out kinetic orders with respect to catalyst and cocatalyst concentration. Last part is oriented on detail mechanistic investigation of nickel diimine complexes activation process. Results of measurements in presence or absence of monomer enabled to propose new interpretation of UV-vis spectra based on concrete structures of absorbing species.
33
Stiborský, Filip. "Srovnávací studie interakcí tenzidů s hyauronanem a jinými polyelektrolyty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216817.
Full textAbstract:
In this diploma thesis, the interactions between polyelectrolyte and surfactant at low and also at high concentration were studied. There was used pyrene as fluorescent probe during the fluorescence spectroscopy measurement, a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and as a main polyelectolyte has been chosen sodium polystyrene sulfonate at 1 MDa molecular size. In the medium containing 0.15 M NaCl we could observed a creation of the complexes – precipitates in the surrounding of CMC concentration and behind of this concentration. In the mixtures containing sodium polystyrene sulfonate and hyaluronan together, there was stronger tend to keep aggregation properties of sodium polystyrene sulfonate during difference concentration ratios. Beyond CMC concentration, hyaluronan starts to influence the aggregation properties of the system as well.
34
Kovářová, Markéta. "Studium předúpravy a následné hydrolýzy vybraných lignocelulózových materiálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316177.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis is focused on study of chemical and enzymatical hydrolysis of raw wood material. The aim of this work was to find the suitable method for pretreatment of selected lignocellulose materials. The theoretical part deals with characterization of lignocellulosic material and its components. There are also subscribed various pretreatment methods and their effect on hydrolysis of sawdust. In experimental part of the work the most appropriate approach of pretreatment and hydrolysis of sawdust was studied. Criteria for the selection of suitable method was concentration of saccharides as desired product of hydrolysis and also concentration of the most important microbial inhibitors - polyphenols. Application of 96% ethanol or 5% H2O2 were identified as the most promising pretreatment methods which enhanced yields of fermentable sugars about 30 %. Further, we also performed cultivation of bacteria Burkholderia cepacia and bacteria Burkholderia sacchari using solution obtained by hydrolysis of lignocellulose material.
35
Procházková, Michaela. "Studium působení plazmatu na roztoky chininu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414084.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis focuses on quinine solutions and quality of these solutions after applying plasma discharge. These electric discharges can be used to destroy some substances from the water. The theoretical part is focused on description of electric discharges in liquids and on the properties of quinine. In the experimental part, the properties of quinine solutions containing different electrolytes were analysed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectroscopy. Two different types of configurations of plasma discharges in liquids were used. Solutions were compared on the base of different concentration of quinine, different electrolytes, different configurations of plasma discharges and pH values of the solutions. Furthermore, the experimental work focuses on quinine solutions with the sodium nitrate. The time instability of the solutions was analysed. Also, the influence of the solution age and different types of the plasma discharge on the excitation and emission spectra of quinine were investigated.
36
Vlasák, Jan. "Zkoumání účinku kreatinu v kombinaci s hořčíkem a vitamínem C na výkonost jedince." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316160.
Full textAbstract:
Creatine is nitrogen-containing organic acid which naturally occurs in the human body. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal dose of creatine in combination with vitamin C and magnesium for male respondents aged 18-26 years. They were divided into two groups differing in the creatine dosage. Group 1 took smaller dose of creatine (3 g per day) and group 2 higher dose of creatine (10 g per day). Both groups took both magnesium and vitamin C at constant doses throughout the study. The effects of significantly different dose of creatine in the individual groups were compared with each other in terms of the performance of individuals in the powerlifting, the anthropological changes and the overal metabolism of the intakes. In all disciplines of powerlifting, group 1 recorded higher average weight gains, which were not found to be statistically significant at a significance level of alpha 0,05. Anthropological changes were measured using the InBody 160 and a diagnostic measuring tape. In both cases, group 1 recorded better results than group 2, but these results were not statistically significant at a significance level of alpha 0,05. The total metabolism of the accepted dietary supplements was investigated through analytical methods. The urine of each respondent was regularly collected and subsequently analyzed during the research. Determination of creatinine, a creatine waste product, was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry using the Jaffe reaction. Vitamin C was analyzed by RP-HPLC. Magnesium was determined by the ICP-OES method. After creatine suplemantion of 3 per day, group 1 showed a slight increase in creatinine in the urine, but still in the physiological range. At the significance level alpha 0,05 there was no statistically significant difference. Group 2 showed an increase above the physiological limit which was already a statistically significant difference. Overall, creatine supplementation of 3 g per day has been found as a sufficient intake of creatine needed to build up muscle mass, increase energy metabolism and overall physical performance. The metabolization itself works very well and within the physiological values.
37
Nevrlá, Jana. "Spektrofotometrické stanovení chromu(III) organickými činidly." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216807.
Full textAbstract:
The theoretical part of this master’s thesis is mainly focused on the physical and chemical properties of chromium, its toxicity and possibility of entering of various forms of chromium into the environment. There are also described the most common analytical methods for determination of chromium in water, including ways of modification and preconcentration water samples. The aim of experimental part is the optimalization and assessing the conditions spectrophotometric determination of Cr(III) by selected organic reagents (chromazurol S, eriochromcyanine R, 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol) and their comparison with the determination of total chromium, as Cr(III), using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermic atomization. The analytical procedure for spectrophotometric determination of chromium with chromazurol S, which was found to be most suitable and ET-AAS, were applied to real water samples.
38
Veselý, Ondřej. "Srovnání plodů některých odrůd zimolezů z hlediska obsahu vybraných biologicky aktivních látek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217113.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused to the analysis of selected varieties of honeysuckle kamtschatica (Lonicera caerula var kamtschatica) and their comparison in terms of the content of biologically active substances. There were analysed only varieties grown in 2014. Theoretical part elaborates and characterized various parameters of biologically active compounds such as phenolic, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid and possibilities of their determination. Further it briefly surveys Kamchatka honeysuckle, its taxonomic and morphological properties and its nutritional properties. The experimental part of the work was focused on the description of the methods used for the analysis of biologically active substances and their analysis. Polyphenolic compounds and anthocyanin’s were determined spectrophotometrically and vitamin C was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results and varieties were compared with each other. Overall, we can say that the variety with the highest content of all three analysed biologically active substances is a variety Valchová, which had the second highest content of polyphenolic compounds (546.3 mg · 100 g-1 fruits), the third highest contend of ascorbic acid (35.1 mg · 100 g-1 fruits) and the sixth highest content of anthocyanin (170.8 mg · 100 g-1 fruits)
39
Charuza, Martin. "Mikrostanovení kobaltu metodami molekulové a atomové absorpční spektrometrie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216891.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis is focused on microdetermination of cobalt by UV-VIS spectrophotometry with organic agents and comparison with atomic absorption spectrometry. In the first part properties, occurance and importance of cobalt in the environment are desribed, complete with as a part of vitamine B12. Attention is also given to cobalt compounds, especially in the oxidative states +II and +III. Methods of preconcentration and preparation cobalt determination in real samples are adduced. In this thesis are described some optical analytical methods with accept on spectrophotometric agents for determination of cobalt. The experimental part of this thesis icludes optimalization of the spectrophotometric determination of cobalt with choosen organic agents 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcin and 2-(5-Brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol and optimalization of atomic absorption spectrometry for cobalt determination. All of real samples of water (surface, underground, mineral and waste) were measured by both 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcin and 2-(5-Brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol via UV-VIS and via atomic absorption spectrometry. Results of determinations were compared. A sample of vitamine B12 was measured too by all techniques.
40
Černá, Klára. "Charakterizace adsorbčních vlastností probiotických bakterií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376799.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the diploma thesis is to characterize the adsorption properties of probiotic bacteria. Characterization was performed using of designed and optimized spectrophotometric method of determination of adhesion of probiotic bacteria to mucin as the main viscoelastic component of mucus. In order to provide a more detailed description of the adhesion interactions involved in the adhesion of probiotic bacteria to mucin, the viability of selected probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCM 1825, Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CCM 7190, Lactobacillus acidophilus CCM 4833, Lactobacillus casei CCM 4798, Bifidobacterium breve CCM 7825, Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 and a potential probiotic strain of Lactobacillus zeae CCM 7069. Moreover, bacterial adhesion to carbohydrates was also determined for all the bacteria tested. The last proposed and optimized technique was dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering characterizing surface properties such as -potential, average size distribution and isoelectric point. From this method, information was obtained on aggregation of bacterial cells and on electrostatic interactions. The combination of these methods was used as a complex tool to characterize adhesion of the tested bacterial cultures as a very specific, sensitive and key parameter of a successful probiotic microorganism that is influence by the multiple effects.
41
Hégr, Ondřej. "Charakterizace nanostruktur deponovaných vysokofrekvenčním magnetronovým naprašováním." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233428.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with the analysis of nano-structured layers deposited by high-frequency magnetron sputtering on the monocrystalline silicon surface. The content of the work focuses on the magnetron sputtering application as an alternative method for passivation and antireflection layers deposition of silicon solar cells. The procedure of pre-deposite silicon surface cleaning by plasma etching in the Ar/H2 gas mixture atmosphere is suggested. In the next step the silicon nitride and aluminum nitride layers with hydrogen content in Ar/N2/H2 gas mixture by magnetron sputtering are deposited. One part of the thesis describes an experimental pseudo-carbide films deposition from a silicon target in the atmosphere of acetylene (C2H2). An emphasis is placed on the research of sputtered layers properties and on the conditions on the silicon-layer interface with the help of the standard as well as special measurement methods. Sputtered layers structure is analyzed by modern X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) and by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optical ellipsometry and spectrophotometry is used for the diagnostic of the layers optical properties depending upon the wavelength of incident light. A special method of determining the surface lay-out of the charge´s carrier life in the volume and on the surface of silicon is employed to investigate the passivating effects of the sputtered layers.
42
Vodičková, Kateřina. "Stanovení proteinů - vliv složení proteinu, možnost použití spektrofotometru pro malé objemy." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324174.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, several spectrometers for small volume measurements in order of microliter have been introduced. They are primarily intended for protein determination (or determination of proteins and nucleic acids in one measurement) by direct spectrophotometry or other spectral methods. One of such instruments is the NanoVueTM Plus (GE Healthcare). In this work, we first tried to characterize the instrument in general terms (stability) and to optimize measurement condititions (sample volume). Proteins have been determined by direct spectrophotometry using internal programs of the instrument, data were controlled by an independent computation. We studied also influence of differences in composition of various proteins on the results. According to the results of this Thesis, the most accurate values could be obtained using the internal program E 1%, using the E 1% value from an experiment. On the other hand, the program Protein UV is producing often inaccurate values, strongly infleunced by the protein amino acid composition. Keywords: protein determination, spectrophotometer NanoVueTM Plus, influence of amino acid composition
43
Zelená, Kateřina. "Kompostování jako způsob zpracování gastroodpadů." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-427782.
Full textAbstract:
This master thesis depicts process of composting of food waste using an electric composter. Electric composters are eligible solution for waste management of catering facilities, that are in accordance with current legislation. The problematics of the food waste is being described using the literature review. The main goal of this thesis is quality evaluation of the final product of the composting process. The main focus is on evaluation of enzymatic activity of compost named arylsulfatase, which corelate with sulphur cycle. The enzymatic activity itself is being measured by spectrophotometer UV/VIS Lambda 25 (Perkin-Elmer, Shelton, CT, USA) using 5 mMp -Nitrophenyl sulfate as a substrate. Thesis also studies pH values of compost and phototoxicity (by Phytotoxkit test), that demonstrate an effect of final product of composting on white mustard seeds (Sinapis alba L.).
44
Řezníček, František. "Vliv povrchové úpravy na světlostálost zadýhovaných DTD dílců." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-88569.
Full text
45
Žáková, Lenka. "Spektrofotometrie." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279507.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis describes synthesis of trichloroacetyl esters of aldols which were obtained by a reaction of trichloroacetic acid with formaldehyde and another comercial aldehyde. Used were hydratopaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, 2-methylpentanal, 2-ethylhexanal and 2-ethylbutanal. Some of these esters were described in the literature but only in part, several of them are new compounds. Excellent yields and clean products prove that the applied method is a good way to achieve these compounds that can be easily used for further processes.
46
Parkan, Radim. "Světlostálost povrchových úprav tropických druhů dřev." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179684.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with the light permanency changes of some chosen tropical woods. Their trade names are garapa (Apuleia Leiocarpau), angelim (Hymenolobium Petraeum), meranti (Shorea spp), sapeli (Entandrophragma cylindricum), merbau (Intsia bijuga), massaranduba (Manikara), teak (Tectona grandis), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis). The woods are surface modified by means of four different surface modifications both with and without a usage of an alcohol base. All samples were lighted up by artificial sunlight from the xenon lamp for 106 hours by lighting 209,7 KJ/m2. The colour changes were measured during the exposition according to the greyscale and spectrophotometer in the CIEL *a*b* color model. Then the individual woods' color changes depending on the surface modification were assessed by the color difference deltaE*.
47
Schmoll, Jürgen [Verfasser]. "3D-Spektrofotometrie extragalaktischer Emissionslinienobjekte / von Jürgen Schmoll." 2001. http://d-nb.info/96460583X/34.
Full text
48
Hubená, Soňa. "Možnosti stanovení železa atomovou absorpční spektrofotometrií u potkanů." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-279090.
Full text
49
Smutek, Jiří. "Vývoj software na bázi LabWIEW pro komunikaci spektrofotometru se SIA analyzátorem." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267315.
Full text
50
Hejsková, Veronika. "UV/VIS spektrofotometrie a možnosti jejího využití v rámci vzdělávání učitelů chemie." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344982.
Full textAbstract:
This master's thesis discusses the use of UV/VIS spectrophotometry in chemistry teacher education. Optical methods principles are described in theoretical part of the thesis, and. the main part is dedicated to UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Tasks for quantifying and qualifying substances determination are described in experimental part. Educational tasks are described in a way so that chemistry teachers could use for instructions.