Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spektroskopia elektronowa'
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Płoszaj-Pyrek, Justyna. "Ocena zmian morfologii, składu chemicznego i struktury elektronowej powierzchni bakterii z wykorzystaniem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego oraz spektroskopu fotoelektronów." Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/675.
Full textHorák, Michal. "Elektronová mikroskopie a spektroskopie v plazmonice." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. CEITEC VUT, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409364.
Full textIkrényiová, Terézia. "Komplementární analýza prokaryotických buněk pomocí elektronové mikroskopie a Ramanovy spektroskopie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445147.
Full textMartínek, Tomáš. "Návrh nerezonančního držáku vzorku pro obecné použití v terahertzové elektronové spinové resonanční spektroskopii." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382623.
Full textKaplenko, Oleksii. "Studium elektrodových materiálů pro Li-Ion akumulátory pomocí elektronové mikroskopie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377024.
Full textDubský, Jan. "Nízkoenergetická excitace v orientovaném grafitu pomocí THz magnetooptické spektroskopie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442590.
Full textJakubec, Jiří. "Hodnocení struktur spojů pájek s deskami plošných spojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217575.
Full textMirjana, Šiljegović. "Korelacija između sastava i svojstava amorfnog As2S3 dopiranog bizmutom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=99739&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textThis paper presents the results of investigation ofthermal, mechanical, electrical and optical propertiesof quasibinar chalcogenides from the system Bi-As2S3. Kinetics analysis of softening and crystallizationprocesses was done on the basis of thermalmeasurements, as well the analysis of decompositionmechanism for different compositions of obtainedglasses. The application of impedance spectroscopy enabled quantitative description of relaxation process contributions at selected temperatures in the overallpolarization for the samples with 5 and 7 at.% Bi. Based on measurements of Raman spectroscopy identification of structural units in the investigated chalcogenides was made, as well as the appearance of nano-scale phase separation in the glasses with 1.5 and 3 at.% Bi. Mechanical measurements pointed to the increase of the Vickers hardness with increase of doping atoms content. Based on the estimated value of the modulus of elasticity it was found that the sample with 5 at.% Bi is characterized by the densest atomic arrangement. Measurements of the electrical properties in dc regime (DC) pointed out that the share of localized states in the whole mechanism of conduction is significant only for the smaller concentrations of doping atoms. For the samples with higher concentrations dominant factor in conductivity are transitions between delocalized states. The jump in conductivity by few orders of magnitude, noticed for the compound with heterogeneous structure was interpreted as a consequence of micro-scale phase separation. Results of ACmeasurements for the composition with 5 at.% Bi showed that the mechanism of thermal activation of charge carriers is still dominant in the measured frequency range. For the composition with the maximum content of Bi changes in conductivity versus frequency were observed at all temperatures, and the results were interpreted in accordance with the model of correlated hopping over the barrier (CHB).
Miodrag, Jelić. "Fotoluminescencija i Ramanova spektroskopija specifičnih kompleksnih organometalnih jedinjenja na bazi cinka, kobalta i bakra pogodnih za primenu u organskim svetlećim diodama." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104292&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textIn this thesis electronic and phonon structure of specific organometallicmaterials which have zinc, cobalt, copper metals and organic compoundpyridoxalaminoguanidin are presented. Implementation and characteristics oforganic light emitting diode based on the best material among examinedones are also showed up. Detailed analysis of photoluminescence spectrawas done and its decomposition to its elementar components usingLorentzian multipeak method. Comparison to well-known material that showshigh level of luminescence was implemented. In accordance to the fact thatresearch of organic light emitting diodes expands and that these diodes startto be more present in industrial serial production, detailed analysis of thistechnology and mechanisms behind it are made. Thorough research wasdone both on electron level in these substances and organic light emittingdiode layer level. Finally, analysis of diode operation with integrated layermade of material which includes zinc and pyridoxalaminoguanidin compoundis implemented.
Řádková, Lucie. "Redukce korozních vrstev na mosazi pomocí vodíkového plazmatu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216684.
Full textMiková, Petra. "Redukce korozních vrstev na bronzu pomocí vodíkového plazmatu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216686.
Full textKramárová, Petra. "Studium vlivu vlhkosti na celkový sterilizační účinek dielektrického bariérového výboje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216895.
Full textPospíšil, Jan. "Studium dielektrických vlastností struktur tenkých vrstev organických materiálů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261290.
Full textMiková, Petra. "Plazmochemické odstraňování korozních vrstev bronzu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402109.
Full textKristina, Čajko. "Dobijanje i karakterizacija 2D i 3D funkcionalnih materijala iz klase halkogenida dopiranih srebrom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107274&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation are chalcogenide glasses from the system Agx(As40S30Se30)100–x (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 15 at. % Ag) – 3D form and thin films prepared from previously synthesised glasses (x ≤ 5 at. % Ag) – 2D form. The amorphous area in the phase diagram was determined by the selected tie– line. The influence of the silver percentage on the physical characteristics of the synthesized glasses and prepared thin films was investigated due to the importance of such materials for the application. Characterization of electrical, optical, structural and thermal properties has been performed, based on which conclusions on theinfluence and structure modification of the As40S30Se30 chalcogenide matrix due to the incorporation of silver atoms have been derived. Structural analysis of the investigated samples confirmed the homogeneity of samples with a lower silver concentration (x ≤ 5 at.% Ag), while in samples with a higher percentage content of this metal (x = 10, 13, 15 at.% Ag) it was shown that there was a phase separation. The presence of crystal centers AgAsSe2 was confirmed in the samples with x = 13 and 15 at. % Ag. Based on the results obtained with the DSC technique, it has been shown that by heating the samples, partial crystallization takes place voluminously, with two–dimensional and three–dimensional growth of crystalline centers. Opticaland spectral investigations have shown that the introduction of Ag into the glass matrix As40S30Se30 leads to a reduction in the optical band gap in both 3D and 2D samples, and that all compositions exhibit a normal dispersion of index of refraction. Also, the Raman spectroscopy results pointed to the fact that the incorporation of silver into the structural network of the investigated samples influences the formation of Ag–(S,Se)–As structures that is, causes the formation of new structural units that could affect the conductivity of these compositions. Measurements of the electrical characteristics of the 3D samples were performed in DC and AC regime and it was shown that silver concentration has a significant effect on electrical properties. Different mechanisms that are responsible for the transport of charge carriers depending on dopant concentration were determined. The complex impedance spectra of all compositions indicated the presence of the temperature dependence of the relaxation process, the non–Debye relaxation and the negative temperature coefficient of resistance which is characteristic of the semiconductors.
Holíková, Lenka. "Diagnostika plazmatu výboje ve vodných roztocích a jeho aplikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216715.
Full textKrajňák, Tomáš. "Depozice velkých organických molekul v UHV." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402579.
Full textVídeňský, Ondřej. "Analýza bateriových hmot metodami EDS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399522.
Full textPetráš, Roman. "Únavová odolnost a mechanizmy únavového poškození v materiálech pro vysoké teploty." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. CEITEC VUT, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433631.
Full textMukoid, Cezary. "Badania mechanizmu oddziaływania alkenów z tlenem na powierzchni srebra metodami spektroskopii elektronowej i jonowej." Rozprawa doktorska, 1997. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=2943.
Full textMukoid, Cezary. "Badania mechanizmu oddziaływania alkenów z tlenem na powierzchni srebra metodami spektroskopii elektronowej i jonowej." Rozprawa doktorska, 1997. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=2943.
Full textSowa, Maciej. "Badania nad procesem modyfikacji powierzchni cyrkonu, niobu i tantalu metodą wysokonapięciowego utleniania elektrochemicznego." Rozprawa doktorska, 2018. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=47359.
Full textSowa, Maciej. "Badania nad procesem modyfikacji powierzchni cyrkonu, niobu i tantalu metodą wysokonapięciowego utleniania elektrochemicznego." Rozprawa doktorska, 2018. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=47359.
Full textKierdaszuk, Jakub. "Badania procesów rozproszeniowych w grafenie na podłożu z nanodrutów." Doctoral thesis, 2022. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/4110.
Full textThe structure of graphene on gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires can be used for the construction of light-emitting diodes or light sensors. Studies of interactions between these two materials are crucial to obtain higher-performance devices. The subject of this dissertation are studies regarding four aspects of a possible influence of GaN nanowire substrates on scattering processes in graphene. These aspects are the influence of the substrate on the Raman scattering intensity in graphene, distribution of strain in graphene, carrier transport, and operation of gated graphene structures. As part of the research, several samples of mono and few-layer graphene were performed and transferred on nanowire substrates and reference epitaxial structures. Their morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy while graphene properties were mainly studied by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, results obtained from the measurements of X-ray diffraction, electroreflectance, scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, contactless transport, current-voltage, and capacitance-voltage characteristics were used. As part of the first aspect of research, properties of graphene on GaN nanowires capped with AlxGa1-xN of different aluminium content were analyzed. These studies showed that, contrary to other literature reports, polarization induced charges are screened in nanowires. Comparison of Raman results with numerical simulations suggested, that both light interference and the electromagnetic SERS effect are not responsible for the observed enhancement of the Raman spectra of graphene on nanowires. A comparative study for graphene deposited on gold structures showed that graphene on GaN nanowires is characterized by a low dispersion of spectral intensities. Spectra of graphene on GaN nanowires are characterized by a lower intensity and weaker luminescence background as compared to samples of graphene on gold nanostructures. In the second part of the dissertation, it was investigated how the morphology of GaN nanowires affects the distribution of strain in graphene. In graphene on nanowires, wrinkles are formed which connect the nearest nanowires. Wrinkles between nanowires of large diameter are multiple. The strain gradient in these graphene wrinkles depends on the distance between the edges of the nearest nanowires. A local increase of this distance increases the strain gradient between suspended graphene areas located near and far from the nanowires. Moreover, the presence of wrinkles is accompanied by a modification of the local density of electronic states and an enhancement of the D’ band. The obtained results suggest that an induction of pseudomagnetic fields is possible close to the wrinkles of graphene on GaN nanowires. As part of the third aspect of research, it was studied how a modification of the composition and morphology of nanowire ends affects the characteristics for the signal of weak localization scattering lengths. Measurements of samples of two and three layers did not show a significant influence of the number of graphene layers on scattering lengths. It was observed that a modification of the composition of nanowire ends from GaN to AlN leads to a shortening of coherence length and intervalley scattering. This suggests the presence of defects having a magnetic moment. Studies of graphene on nanowires with different morphology enable to correlate coherence lengths and long-range scattering lengths with distances between nanowire edges. Moreover, a correlation between the intervalley scattering length and the strain gradient between areas of suspended graphene located near and far from nanowires was observed. These observations suggest that an additional factor that affects the scattering lengths in graphene on nanowires is the interaction with pseudomagnetic fields. As part of the last aspect of research, structures of graphene on gated epitaxial GaN layers and GaN nanowires were analyzed. The junction between graphene and GaN structures exhibits Schottky diode behavior. After application of a bias, the value of carrier concentration of graphene on a GaN epilayer changes significantly. For comparison, the modification of carrier concentration for graphene on GaN nanowires is one order of magnitude lower. Additionally, graphene on nanowires is affected by electrostatically induced strain. Its value scales with the percent of graphene surface in contact with nanowires. Moreover, the area of graphene in contact with nanowires affects the capacitance of the graphene/GaN junction. The performed studies enable us to obtain several important results which characterize interactions that occur at the interface of graphene and nanowires. These results open the way for future research and show perspectives for possible applications for this kind of heterostructures.
Białek, Marcin. "Spektroskopia THz magnetoplazmonów w heterostrukturze GaAs/AlGaAs o wysokiej ruchliwości elektronów." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/1421.
Full textMy Ph.D. thesis is to devoted to characterization of plasmon excitations in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) exposed to terahertz (THz) radiation at magnetic fields. THz radiation covers a range of the electromagnetic spectrum of the frequency from 0.1 THz to 10.0 THz. This work originates from a wider scientific and engineering movement, started in 1990s, aiming at building an efficient and voltage-tunable semiconductor detector of THz radiation based on plasmon excitations. Properties of materials at THz frequencies, like transparency or characteristic emission or absorption lines, make potential applications of THz radiation very promising. Beside imaging, THz radiation could be used in a high speed wireless communication. Because of multiple potential applications, research on THz devices was very intense in the recent years, which led to a huge technical development. For instance, there is now a commercial THz multipixel camera available. The inspiration of this work were papers published by M. Dyakonov and M. Shur showing that a field-effect transistor (FET) subject to THz radiation might produce a voltage drop between its two current-supplying contacts. Such a voltage drop is called a photovoltage (PV). This effect is explained as a result of a current instability caused by a plasma wave amplification at transistor’s boundaries. Dyakonov and Shur predicted that a FET should respond to THz radiation at resonant frequencies, defined by its dimensions—they were expecting that a FET channel acts as a resonant cavity for plasma waves. It was not a new idea, since plasmons in a 2DEG of a finite size were observed for the first time in 1976. However, before the Dyakonov-Shur model, no resonant photovoltage signal in a FET was predicted. Moreover, Dyakonov and Shur expected that common FETs can be used as THz detectors. Resonant plasmon frequencies, expected for nanometer devices were predicted to fall into the THz range. Beside a resonant signal, a wide-frequency non-resonant PV signal was also predicted, when the electron mobility was not high enough. In the Dyakonov-Shur theory, a FET could act both as a detector and an emitter of THz radiation. However, emission observed to the day from FETs is too weak to be used as a THz source. Another obstacle is the necessity to use cryogenic temperatures. Because of that, a FET THz emitter is currently loosing with other commercial THz sources, like quantum cascade laser, which are more efficient. A nonresonant detection was found in many types of FETs, including silicon MOSFETs and HEMTs based on different materials, like GaN/AlGaN, GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/InAlAs. Non-resonant signal is observed even at room temperature and devices using this effect are currently being produced commercially (for example, a multipixel camera based on silicon MOSFETs). The current research considers, in particular, a spectral narrowing of a PV signal by using resonant antennas. On the other hand, plasma resonances were found experimentally in FETs PV signal, but proved to be weak and available only at cryogenic temperatures. To understand the reason behind this result, we decided to prepare samples covered with periodic stripes of metallization, called a grid-gate—a classical system where plasmons were first observed in a semiconductor-based 2DEG—and to measure a PV signal on such structures, where plasmons should behave in already known manner. We decided to prepare also reference samples without a gate and with an uniform gate. My field of research concerned the resonant detection in gated and ungated 2DEG. The basic task of my research was to characterize plasma excitations with a set of parameters like: magnetic field, THz radiation frequency or gate voltage bias. This was done on different samples with the use of tunable monochromatic THz sources, covering the range of 0.1–0.7 THz. One of goals was to compare PV spectra on samples of different gate shapes and without a gate. These results were extended using a few THz laser lines from the range of 1.5–1.8 THz. Additionally, we compared results obtained with monochromatic THz sources and with a wide-range nonmonochromatic THz source (Fourier spectroscopy), in order to check, whether these results are in an agreement. This an important information, since a detector can work both with monochromatic or wide spectral range THz illuminations. We characterised plasmon resonances as a function of a gate bias, as well as under an influence of visible radiation illumination. These results are of a practical importance and both can be used to tune resonant plasmon frequency in a detector. The theoretical background is the subject of the 1st chapter of my Ph.D. dissertation. The process of samples’ preparation and their description is the main topic of the 2nd chapter. Crucial points here are that we used a high-electron-mobility GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure, produced by Vladimir Umansky at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehevot, Israel. These samples show a very high electron mobility, unavailable in other materials, reaching in used wafers approximately 1.5 × 10^6 cm^2/Vs at T = 4 K. Fabricated samples were, in most cases, mid-sized (0.06 mm^2 ), rectangular mesas of a 2DEG, some covered with a gate, some left ungated. The gates were of different forms and geometries helping to understand their influence on a response of a sample. In the 3rd chapter, experimental techniques are explained in detail. An examined sample was used as a THz radiation detector in cryogenic temperatures, typically at 4.2 K. The sample was subject to a THz radiation emitted by a variety of monochromatic sources, including a back-wave oscillator, Virginia Diodes sources and a THz laser, covering the range of 0.1–1.8 THz or a mercury-vapor lamp used with a Fourier spectrometer. The magnetic field was perpendicular to a sample surface, and typically a response signal of the sample was measured as a function of magnetic field. The response signal was a PV generated between two current-supplying contacts of a sample. In the 4th chapter, experimental results and their interpretation are presented. Photovoltage measurements, performed as a function of magnetic field, show a series of maxima preceding the cyclotron resonance magnetic field. A sequence of such measurements, made at different frequencies of the incident THz radiation, shows that maxima move towards higher magnetic field with increasing radiation frequency. Maxima were interpreted as subsequent modes of a magnetoplasmon excitation. A magnetoplasmon might be excited in two ways: either due to a periodicity of a grid-gate or due to a finite size of a sample. In most of samples, we have observed the latter type of a magnetoplasmon, which might be imagined as a standing wave in a resonator. It was shown that an observability of a particular type of magnetoplasmon mode depends on ratios of frequencies of the two types of resonances and the frequency of the radiation. This effect is a result of overlapping magnetoplasmon maxima at high radiation frequencies. In order to avoid this effect, a designed detector must have a 2DEG shape as simple as possible, without unnecessary cavities in which plasmon resonances might be excited. Commercially available FETs usually show very complicated shapes with multiple plasmon cavities. In the case of grid-gated devices, the size of the overall 2DEG channel must be considerably larger than the grid-gate period. In such conditions, frequencies of plasmon resonances defined by a 2DEG mesa size are much smaller than these connected with the grid-gate period. When a wave vector is ascribed to every observed plasmon mode, it is possible to determine a dispersion relation of a plasma wave in a wide range of frequencies and wave vectors. The dispersion relation of the observed excitation was found to be the same in ungated samples and samples with thin matallization of gates. This effect was explained as a result of THz transparency of thin (15 nm) metallic layers forming gates. However, every second mode is absent in the case of thin-gated samples. In the sample with a thick metallization of the gate, the magnetoplasmon was excited with dispersion showing an influence of a screening of the 2DEG by the gate. We explain this difference as an effect of a different efficiency of a THz screening with a metal layer in cases of thick and thin gates. Another observation is a maximum in spectra obtained in a wide range of excitation frequencies coinciding with the second harmonic of the cyclotron resonance. We explain this observation as a result of a strong, nonuniform, oscillating electric field generated by an incoming THz radiation at edges of metallic objects, in particular at edges of a gate. The influence of the gate voltage was studied, showing shifts of magnetoplasmon maxima with the gate bias. Such a shift is a desired effect, allowing for a control of a resonant detection frequency with a bias applied to a FET’s gate. In another experiment, magnetoplasmon maxima were shifted under a visible radiation illumination. Finally, it was shown, that a Fourier spectroscopy gives results in agreement with the results obtained with monochromatic radiation sources working in the same spectral range. However, only the fundamental magnetoplasmon mode is observed in the Fourier spectroscopy experiment. Presented research characterized magnetoplasmon resonances in mid-sized samples in a range of radiation frequencies of 0.1–2.5 THz. Research presented in the thesis might allow to build sensitive and frequency-tunable detectors, and a possible device, with well-resolved plasmon resonances, is proposed in the concluding chapter.
Dostál, Jakub. "Studie fotosyntetického aparátu zelených sirných bakterií metodou koherentní dvourozměrné elektronové spektroskopie." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342359.
Full textJędrzejewski-Szmek, Zbigniew. "Wzbudzone stany elektronowe cząsteczek Li₂ i KLi. Zaburzenia lokalne i globalne." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/117.
Full textThe thesis describes the investigation of excited electronic states in the lithium and lithium-potassium dimers. Firstly, the theoretical description of the energy structure of electronic states or diatomic particles was presented, followed by the description of allowed transitions between different electronic states and resulting spectra. Unrestrained spectra of excited states are too rich to investigate directly, and it becomes necessary to employ experimental techniques which simplify the observed spectra by limiting the number of observed transitions. In the experiments described in the thesis, Polarization Labelling Spectroscopy (PLS) was used. Therefore, the theoretical intruduction was followed by a description of the experimental setup of lasers and optical elements necessary for PLS. In addtion, the system used to generate researched particles in gaseous form was described. In later parts of the thesis, experimental results for specific electronic states were described. They comprise about 500 energy levels for the 31Пu, 41Пu and 51Пu states in Li2, and around 300 levels in the 61П i 71П states in KLi. Observed transitions were assigned quantum numbers and converted to absolute energies. The energy levels of eletronic states were described by potential energy curves, i.e. the dependency of the electrostatic and electronic parts of the total energy of the particle on the internuclear distance. Such description is very concise but fully describes the behaviour of the particle in a certain electronic state and enables the calculation of the rovibrational energy levels, even those that were not observed before. Potential energy curves were calculated by the means of semi-classical Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) method, and the fully quantum perturbational method IPA (Inverted Perturbation Approach). Results were compared with published theoretical (ab-initio) calculations and with the result from earlier experiments. When possible, spectral lines from earlier experiments were reevaluated and used to augment the set of experimental energy levels. In this way, the range of quantum numbers under descrption was augmented to areas inaccessible because of the experimental method employed in current experiment. Apart from the 51Пu state in Li2, electronic states under investigation were all perturbed to some degree. This means that observed spectral lines were shifted from energies expected based on the simplified model of the particle, in which the movement of the electrons is independent from the movement of the particle as a whole, and various electronic states are totally independent —adiabatic. Full description of the 61П i 71П in KLi must take into account local perturbations which appear between closely located rovibrational levels in the two states and cause strong local shifts. In the case of the 31Пu i 41Пu states in Li2, it was necessary to take into account a global perturbation which modified the energetic structure of the whole electronic state. A computer program was created to calculate energies of states in the presence of a global perturbation (an `electrostatic' perturbation), and to optimize the emprical parameters used to calculate the strength of the perturbation and thus the energies of levels. The thesis describes the mathematical procedure implemented in the program to efficiently calculate numerical solutions in the model with global perturbation. The result of the optimization, in the form of parameter values and energy levels is given. The comparison of result in the model with electrostatic perturbation shows that the electrostatic perturbation explains the discrepancy between observed levels, and levels calculated from the simplified adiabatic model.
Lavková, Jaroslava. "Studium tenkovrstvých nanostrukturních katalyzátorů prostřednictvím elektronové mikroskopie a spektroskopie pro aplikace v mikro-palivových článcích." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353619.
Full textIzydorczyk, Weronika. "Badania wpływu stanów powierzchniowych na właściwości elektronowe warstw sensorowych SnO2." Rozprawa doktorska, 2008. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=5574.
Full textIzydorczyk, Weronika. "Badania wpływu stanów powierzchniowych na właściwości elektronowe warstw sensorowych SnO2." Rozprawa doktorska, 2008. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=5574.
Full textYavorskiy, Dmitriy. "Wzbudzenia dwuwymiarowej plazmy elektronowej w strukturach półprzewodnikowych - detekcja oraz emisja promieniowania THz." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/4052.
Full textIn this dissertation I carried out research on two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) excitations in the range of electromagnetic radiation of terahertz (THz) frequencies. The aim of the work was to understand the mechanisms behind the generation and detection of THz radiation by 2DEG and to propose new semiconductor structures that can be used in construction of new sources and detectors of THz radiation. I carried out the detection and emission studies in independent series of experiments and performed them on numerous semiconductor structures, a large part of which was fabricated using the electron-beam lithography technique. In the case of emission studies, I used commercial field-effect transistors based on GaAs/GaInAs and samples made on a GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure. For detection studies, I used samples containing double and single CdTe/CdMgTe quantum wells. The research on THz radiation emission was inspired by theoretical works of M. Dyakonov and M. Shur, who predicted a possibility of THz radiation generation by field-effect transistors, and by experimental works in which the emission from field-effect transistors was observed. In my work, I repeated some of experiments described in experimental papers of other authors. The aim of this was, first, to better understand mechanisms behind generation of THz radiation from field-effect transistors. Secondly, I wanted to understand an existing discrepancy between scientific reports on observation of THz radiation emission from field-effect transistors and an apparent lack of transistor-based THz radiation sources almost sixteen years after the first publication in which such emission was observed. Working on the issue of THz radiation emission from field-effect transistors, I obtained experimental results the analysis of which indicates that, first of all, some nanometer field-effect transistors can be a source of quite high power microwave radiation. Second, I have shown that the use of a magnetic-field-tuned InSb detector for spectral analysis has a limitation that, if not taken into account, can lead to a wrong interpretation of spectra. In addition to emission research from field-effect transistors, I carried out research on emission from structures made of GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure containing a two-dimensional electron gas of a high electron mobility. These studies led to observation of a resonant THz radiation emission with a frequency of 400 GHz. The performed measurements showed that the emission was not related to the shape and geometry of the samples but to parameters of the heterostructure. The analysis of experimental results and the work of other authors suggest that the emission may be related to the impact ionization of shallow impurities in the heterostructure. The research on the detection of THz radiation was inspired by the work of S. Mikhailov in which the author describes a possibility of enhancing plasma resonance by creating a grating on the sample surface containing a two-dimensional electron gas, with an electron concentration comparable to the concentration of electrons in a quantum well. The idea of coupling a two-dimensional electron gas in a quantum well with THz radiation using a grating with a carrier concentration similar to the concentration of carriers in the well was achieved by using an appropriately processed semiconductor structure containing a double CdTe/CdMgTe quantum well. This implementation consisted of etching grooves in the upper well such that non-etched areas of the upper well formed a series of 2DEG-containing stripes. I created a number of such structures that differed with parameters of etched areas, i.e. the parameters of the semiconductor gratings. These parameters are etch depth, etch width and the period of grating. Additionally, I created a series of single quantum well structures with a ”classic” coupler of THz radiation with a 2DEG in the form of a golden grating. Structures covered with semiconductor and metal grids have been studied in magnetotransmission measurements (measurement of THz radiation transmission as a function of magnetic field) in a wide range of THz radiation and at the temperature of superfluid helium. Obtained results were interpreted in the framework of a model describing magnetoplasmon excitation (excitation of a plasmon in magnetic field) in a 2DEG. Obtained results showed that samples with semiconductor grids can be used as resonant THz radiation detectors tuned with such parameters as: magnetic field, white light and geometric parameters of the grating. The second important result was the determination of the polarization of the magnetoplasmon excited in the samples; it became possible thanks to the use of semiconductor gratings that do not act as polarizers. Keywords: THz radiation, THz spectroscopy, field-effect transistors, two-dimensional electron gas, magnetoplasmons, cyclotron resonance, InSb, CdTe, GaAs.
Hrnčířová, Jana. "Povrchem zesílená Ramanova spektrální detekce bilirubinu a časově synchronizované monitorování jeho fotochemické transformace ve vybraných rozpouštědlech pomocí SERS a elektronové absorpční spektroskopie." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435920.
Full textKunc, Jan. "Dvourozměrný elektronový plyn v kvantových jamách CdTE: studie ve vysokých magnetických polích." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296138.
Full textVančura, Martin. "Charakterizace sekundární struktury polyproline I pomocí metod vibrační a chiroptické spektroskopie a kvantově mechanických simulací." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435632.
Full textZassowski, Paweł. "Wpływ stopnia podstawienia na właściwości elektrochemiczne i spektroskopowe związków opartych o rdzeń triazyny." Rozprawa doktorska, 2019. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=59996.
Full textZassowski, Paweł. "Wpływ stopnia podstawienia na właściwości elektrochemiczne i spektroskopowe związków opartych o rdzeń triazyny." Rozprawa doktorska, 2019. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=59996.
Full textKról, Aleksander. "Zastosowanie unipolarnego filtru mas do kontroli ciśnień cząstkowych gazów o zbliżonych masach cząsteczkowych w bardzo wysokiej próżni." Rozprawa doktorska, 1999. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=4623.
Full textKról, Aleksander. "Zastosowanie unipolarnego filtru mas do kontroli ciśnień cząstkowych gazów o zbliżonych masach cząsteczkowych w bardzo wysokiej próżni." Rozprawa doktorska, 1999. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=4623.
Full textPíšová, Barbora. "Chemická variabilita granátů z Českého středohoří a charakterizace jejich minerálních inkluzí." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435812.
Full textGawraczyński, Jakub. "Optical spectroscopy of selected divalent silver compounds." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3382.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation describes research on silver compounds carried out with a range of spectroscopic methods. The main focus of the thesis was on divalent silver compounds: AgF2, AgSO4, AgSO4∙H2O, (AgF)BF4, CsAgF3, RbAgF3, and high-temperature form of KAgF3. In addition, other silver compounds were investigated, particularly AgF and silver(I, III) oxide AgO. All compounds were studied by FT-FIR spectroscopy, some were also investigated with Raman spectroscopy (at ambient or high pressure), MIR, NIR, as well as UV and visible absorption spectroscopy and by inelastic neutron scattering. The main scope of the work was to get insight into vibrational structure of the studied compounds as well as understand their pressure-induced phase transitions. The second goal was to determine magnetic superexchange constants for 2D AgF2 from Raman scattering spectra, and for 1D AgFBF4 from NIR-absorption spectra. The auxiliary task, dictated by the course of the experimental work, was to understand photochemical decomposition of AgF2 and AgSO4. The spectroscopic measurements of AgIISO4 prepared using the new electrosynthesis method in concentrated H2SO4 showed its similarity with the product of chemical synthesis developed earlier, albeit substantial differences in reactivity to water vapor were also found. In addition, the laser-induced decomposition of AgIISO4 was observed and it was shown that the decomposition product is dependent on the wavelength of the laser used. A similar photosensitivity was observed in AgIISO4∙H2O. The hydrate was also studied spectroscopically from far-infrared to UV, which allowed determination of the orbital splitting parameters as well as has provided the supplementary evidence for the presence of water molecules in its crystal structure. Research on AgF at high pressure showed the presence of several Raman bands in contrast with predictions of group theory (no Raman-active bands), some of them probably originating from color centers or overtone of the IR-active fundamental. Research on AgF2 proved its high photosensitivity to laser light. Laser-induced photodecomposition product has been studied in the range from atmospheric pressure up to 47 GPa. The decomposition product seems to contain Ag(II)F42– anion, notably Ag(I)2Ag(II)F4, which is the first mixed-valence Ag(I)/Ag(II) fluoride known. Pressure dependence of the characteristic Raman band for this phase was measured up to 47 GPa. In addition, using Raman scattering spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering, I have successfully identified and measured for the first time the bimagnon transitions in 2D antiferromagnet, AgF2, and determined the value of the intra-sheet magnetic superexchange constant, J. The large value of J=70 meV sets this compound second only to lamellar oxocuprates(II). (AgF)BF4 has been characterized by Raman scattering, inelastic neutron scattering, IR absorption and reflection spectroscopy. The characteristic band appearing in the NIR absorption spectra enabled estimation of the intra-chain magnetic superexchange constant for this compound to be about 270 meV. This value surpasses the largest known superexchange constant ever measured (240 meV for Sr2CuO3). Research on AgO conducted under a high pressure showed no pressure-induced decomposition or comproportionation of this compound to no less than 74 GPa. Due to the good agreement of the experimental Raman band positions with those derived from the theoretical calculations made on the AgO high-pressure models, it was possible to demonstrate the existence of two structural phase transitions in the pressure range from 0 to 74 GPa. The research carried out on three alkali metal fluoroargentates: CsAgF3, RbAgF3, and high-temperature form of KAgF3 has shown that despite clear structural differences between them, the Fourier transmission spectra in the far infrared range of all compounds show substantial similarity.
Volfová, Lenka. "Železem funkcionalizované nanočástice oxidu titaničitého." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367615.
Full textHruška, Petr. "Studium defektů v tenkých kovových vrstvách." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342675.
Full textŠmíd, Břetislav. "Příprava a studium katalytického systému Cu(O)-CeO2 metodami povrchové analýzy." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329159.
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