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Journal articles on the topic 'Spencer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Abrams, Michael. "Bound and Determined." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 08 (August 1, 2012): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-aug-3.

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This article discusses recent changes in the design of pogo stick. Entrepreneur Brian Spencer and his father, Bruce, have designed a new pogo, which they call a Vurtego. The father and the son began sketching out a bold new direction in pogoing in the late 1990s. On the suggestion of Bruce Spencer, they designed a tube using air compression rather than a spring. In the garage, Bruce Spencer cobbled together a first prototype from PVC tubing and other plastic parts, and this new pogo stick worked well. The air spring lifted Spencer well off the ground. Through a series of refinements and trials, Spencer discovered that the key factor was the compression ratio. In addition to patenting the design of their stick, the Spencers have now also patented a range of maximum compression ratios, between 2.5 to 1 and 4.5 to 1.

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2

Offer, John. "Free Agent or ‘Conscious Automaton’? Contrasting Interpretations of the Individual in Spencer's Writing on Social and Moral Life." Sociological Review 51, no. 1 (February 2003): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00405.

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Herbert Spencer remains an important and intriguing figure in thinking about political, social and moral matters. At present his writings in relation to idealist thought, social policy, sociology and ethics are undergoing reassessment. This article is concerned with some recent interpretations of Spencer on individuals in social life. It looks in some detail at Spencer's work on psychology and sociology as well as on ethics, seeking to establish how Spencer understood people as social individuals. In particular the neglect of Spencer's denial of freedom of the will is identified as a problem in some recent interpretations. One of his contemporary critics, J.E. Cairnes, charged that Spencer's own theory of social evolution left even Spencer himself the status of only a ‘conscious automaton’. This article, drawing on a range of past and present interpretative discussions of Spencer, seeks to show that Spencerian individuals are psychically and socially so constituted as to be only indirectly responsive to moral suasion, even to that of his own Principles of Ethics as he himself acknowledged. Whilst overtly reconstructionist projects to develop a liberal utilitarianism out of Spencer to enliven political and philosophical debate for today are worthwhile – dead theorists have uses – care needs to be taken that the original context and its concerns with the processes associated with innovation (and decay) in social life are not thereby eclipsed, the more so since in some important respects they have recently received little systematic attention even though the issues have contemporary relevance in sociology.

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3

Wilkinson, Martin. "Egoism, Obligation, and Herbert Spencer." Utilitas 5, no. 1 (May 1993): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800005549.

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The moral and political thought of Herbert Spencer is usually associated with some form of evolutionism. This is unsurprising, since Spencer himself thought of his ideas as founded on evolutionary theory. But it is regrettable, because no one believes in Spencer's form of evolutionism any more, and even if they did, they would not think that it supported his views in the way that he confidently believed. And so Spencer has been largely neglected since his death. His libertarianism is thought to be without foundation, and so few have thought it worth study. But in this paper I try to show that Spencer's moral and political conclusions can be based on some of the non-evolutionary arguments that he offered. Although these arguments are not entirely compelling, they have force in a way that his evolutionary claims do not.

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Norviel, Jordan Angel. "Taboo Ecologies: Material and Lyric Dispossession in Anne Spencer’s Garden and Seed Catalogs." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2023.14.1.4890.

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Harlem Renaissance poet and gardener Anne Spencer drew inspiration from both her garden and reading. In a poem entitled “Taboo,” Spencer described reading “garden and seed catalogs, Browning, Housman, Whitman […] oh anything…” and, in doing so, asserted the significance of her catalogs alongside literary works as inspiration for her poetry. The poem as a whole describes how Black women evade the Jim Crow South through covert activities like reading which for Spencer, importantly included garden and seed catalogs. Where Spencer’s poetry and garden have been the subject of academic research, her catalogs have yet to receive the same scholarly attention. This paper argues that by placing garden and seed catalogs in the same category of taboo reading as canonical poets and conventional forms of journalism, Spencer aligns the botanical with the literary as a form of resistance. The seed catalogs Spencer engaged with reveal a long history of racism in the cultivation and naming of garden plants. This paper examines the history of seed catalogs, showing how the naming of plants is a continuation of the racist logic of possession, reflected in the naming of plants by stripping the plant of its previous context and replacing it with the names of colonial scientists and racial slurs. Spencer’s poetic insistence on dispossession, the literal and metaphorical disembodiment and ejection from property, pushes against conceptions of ownership over the natural world in that it subverts the racist logic of possession. I contend that Anne Spencer actively intertwined histories by drawing on catalogs, poetry, and gardening to create new ecologies in the spaces between reading and writing, lyrical and material. The new ecology of Spencer’s garden far exceeds a place where plants are grown but rather becomes a space that blooms through the material, the lyrical, and social spaces, leaving behind instead a living archive of rebellion.

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Turner, Jonathan H., and Alexandra R. Maryanski. "Sociology's Lost Human Relations Area Files." Sociological Perspectives 31, no. 1 (January 1988): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1388949.

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This article examines sociology's first human relations area files. These files were developed by Herbert Spencer, an unfairly maligned figure in the history of sociology. The point of this historical exercise, however, is not so much to praise Spencer as to conduct a hypothetical exercise: What if Spencer's files had been taken more seriously? In performing this exercise, we can learn a great deal about both sociology and anthropology. Indeed, we can see that sociology and anthropology would be far more interesting disciplines if they followed Spencer's lead in collecting and cataloguing cross-cultural and historical data in ways that would facilitate theorizing.

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6

Buono, Eleonora. "The Instruments of Evolution: Herbert Spencer's Influence on William Stanley Jevons' Political Thought." History of Political Thought 44, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 705–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512988.44.4.705.

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This paper investigates Herbert Spencer's influence on William Stanley Jevons' political thought. Jevons' thought was shaped by three ideas, which can be traced back to Spencer: the idea that individuals were no tabula rasa ; the belief that evolution was a beneficent process; and the idea that moral sentiment evolved towards perfection. I will also show why Jevons supported the idea of interventionist social reform, which Spencer rejected, and I will argue that this disagreement stemmed from Jevons' commitment to Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism.

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7

Fitzgerald, Timothy. "Herbert Spencer's Agnosticism." Religious Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1987): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500019065.

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In First Principles, Spencer attempted to construct a metaphysical system which synthesized all available knowledge into a single world-view. One major aspect of his task was to integrate Religion and Science. However, there is no single metaphysical system or structure unifying Spencer's thought, and my aim in this article is to identify the various different models of reality which he confuses. Spencer inherited these different, over-arching conceptions from his own European philosophical tradition, and with them came certain inherent metaphysical problems which he wished to solve.

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8

Spencer, Thomas, E. "Biology of progesterone action during pregnancy recognition and maintenance of pregnancy." Frontiers in Bioscience 7, no. 1-3 (2002): d1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/spencer.

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9

Diwanti, Dyah Pikanthi, and Muhsin Hariyanto. "Human resources who competen The Influence Of Human Resource Competence In Spencer's Concept To Organizational Entrepreneurship." MANAJERIAL 9, no. 02 (May 29, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jurnalmanajerial.v9i02.3896.

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Background – Organizational entrepreneurship is one of the solutions used to maintain the existence and sustainability of an organization oriented towards community empowerment in Indonesia. Aim – This study aims to analyze the effect of human resource competence using the Spencer model on organizational entrepreneurship. Design / methodology / approach – The research respondents were all 35 female partners at BUANA. Collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. The modified human resource competency instrument from the Spencer Model, and Organizational Entrepreneurship uses an adaptation instrument from Spencer and Spencer's initial research. The analytical tool used to measure the level of data validity is the correlation coefficient using SPSS17.0 software. Result and Discussion – The results of the study indicate that the competence of Spencer's human resources concept which consists of motivation, nature, attitude, knowledge and skills has a very important role in the effort to develop Organizational Entrepreneurship. Organizational entrepreneurship is found in various organizations in the community and can increasingly provide space in driving economic activity in the community and groups/organizations. Conclusion - Based on the results above, the value of HR Competence with Organizational Entrepreneurship shows a linearity significance so HR Competence was linear with Organizational Entrepreneurship. This coherence with HR Competencies affected Organizational Entrepreneurship.

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10

Insley, Spencer, and Jerome Carson. "Remarkable lives: Spencer Insley in conversation with Jerome Carson." Mental Health and Social Inclusion 19, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-11-2014-0038.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a profile of Spencer Insley. Design/methodology/approach – Spencer gives a short biographical account and is then interviewed by Jerome. Areas covered in the narrative are the misery of mental illness, the prodromal signs of illness, hospital admission and discharge to supported accommodation. Findings – Apart from the losses resulting from a diagnosis of major mental disorder, Spencer also talks about the loss of friendships. His admission to hospital was especially traumatic, leaving him frightened and confused and feeling he was treated like an animal. Research limitations/implications – While Spencer's is only one story of many, his experiences have a sorry familiarity to them. Practical implications – Too long denied in the history of psychiatry, service user narratives help us understand the nature of mental suffering and the often inadequate nature of service responses to mental distress. Social implications – Involuntary admissions to hospital need to be handled in a more therapeutic manner. Originality/value – So often it is nurses and occupational therapists who have the most impact on the lives of those with lived experience. Psychiatrists were felt not to be interested in Spencer, whereas his community mental health nurse “Had a genuine interest in what I was doing and how I was getting along”.

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11

GAY, HANNAH. "No ‘Heathen's Corner’ here: the failed campaign to memorialize Herbert Spencer in Westminster Abbey." British Journal for the History of Science 31, no. 1 (March 1998): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708749700318x.

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Recently, while reading papers left by the chemist Raphael Meldola (1849–1915), I came across seventy-two letters that relate to a 1904 campaign, led by Meldola, to have a memorial tablet for Herbert Spencer placed in Westminster Abbey. A list of those who eventually signed Meldola's petition to the Dean of Westminster can be found in David Duncan's Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer. The Meldola Papers include letters from some, but not all, of the signatories, from people who refused to sign, and from one or two who agreed to sign, but whose names do not appear on the published list. The surviving correspondence is probably incomplete, as can be inferred from references in the existing letters and from the fact that the Meldola Papers appear to have been somewhat haphazardly collected. Together, the letters show how Spencer's work was viewed by some of Britain's leading intellectuals, shortly after his death in 1903. They reveal that the details of Spencer's work were largely forgotten and that Meldola's correspondents were divided on whether Spencer had been simply a controversialist or had done something worthwhile. Even those (the majority) who believed the latter were unable to articulate exactly what was worthwhile in Spencer's work.This paper records some of the content of the letters as well as some details of the memorial campaign and of the people involved. My main purpose is to bring these interesting letters to light. James Moore has written of the successful effort to have Charles Darwin buried in Westminster Abbey and of the subsequent campaign for an Abbey memorial plaque, and for a statue to be placed in the Natural History Museum in South Kensington. The unsuccessful campaign on behalf of Spencer, twenty-two years later, provides an interesting comparison. It is not my purpose fully to explore the cultural implications. However, the letters suggest that this and one or two other avenues of inquiry might be worth pursuing.

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12

KOWAL, EMMA. "Spencer's double: the decolonial afterlife of a postcolonial museum prop." BJHS Themes 4 (2019): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bjt.2019.12.

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AbstractIn the mid-1990s, staff at Museum Victoria planned the new Melbourne Museum. The Indigenous gallery was a major focus at a time when many museums around the world forged new ways of displaying Indigenous heritage. Named Bunjilaka (a Woiwurrung word meaning ‘place of Bunjil', referring to the ancestral eaglehawk), the permanent Indigenous exhibit was a bold expression of community consultation and reflexive museum practice. At its heart was a life-size model of Baldwin Spencer, co-author of the classic anthropological monograph The Native Tribes of Central Australia (1899). When Bunjilaka was replaced with a wholly Indigenous-designed exhibit of Aboriginal Victoria in 2011, the model was informally retained by museum staff. Initially sitting awkwardly on a trolley in a narrow room where objects were processed for accession, Spencer himself remained unrecorded in any database. With no official existence but considerable gravity, he ended up housed in the secret/sacred room, surrounded by restricted objects that Spencer the man had collected. This article traces Spencer's journey from a post-colonial pedagogical tool to a transgressive pseudo-sacred object in an emerging era of decolonial museology. I argue that Spencer's fate indicates a distinct period of post-colonial museology (c.1990–2010) that has ended, and illustrates how the shifting historical legacies of science operate in the present.

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13

Weinstein, D. "Deductive Hedonism and the Anxiety of Influence." Utilitas 12, no. 3 (November 2000): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800002922.

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This paper examines the undervalued role of Herbert Spencer in Sidgwick's thinking. Sidgwick recognized Spencer's utilitarianism, but criticized him on the ground that he tried to deduce utilitarianism from evolutionary theory. In analysing these criticisms, this paper concludes that Spencer's deductive methodology was in fact closer to Sidgwick's empiricist position than Sidgwick realized. The real source of Sidgwick's unhappiness withSpencer lies with the substance of Spencer's utilitarianism, namely its espousal of indefeasible moral rights.

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LONSDALE, OWEN. "The Liriomyza (Diptera: Schizophora: Agromyzidae) of Canada & Alaska." Zootaxa 4234, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4234.1.1.

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The Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Canada and Alaska is revised, with species keyed and illustrated, and new host and geographic records provided. Eighty one species are recognized, including 24 new to science: L. agrios, L. albispina, L. anatolis, L. aphila, L. apilaca, L. aquapolis, L. arenarium, L. atrassimilis, L. bicolumbis, L. charada, L. cracentis, L. elevaster, L. emaciata, L. fumeola, L. gibsoni, L. griffithsi, L. hilairensis, L. limopsis, L. mesocanadensis, L. pilicornis, L. pistilla, L. rigaudensis, L. taraxanox, L. taraxanuda, L. tryssos. Ten species known from the United States are recorded as new to Canada: L. artemisiae Spencer, L. assimilis (Malloch), L. baccharidis Spencer, L. helianthi Spencer, L. merga Lonsdale, L. minor Spencer, L. sabaziae Spencer, L. temperata Spencer, L. violivora (Spencer) and L. virgo (Zetterstedt). Palaearctic species new to North America include L. wachtli Hendel and L. flaveola (Fallén); while the latter species has been recorded in North America before, all previous records represent misidentifications. Hosts are recorded for the first time for L. balcanicoides Sehgal, L. minor Spencer, L. orilliensis Spencer and L. socialis Spencer. Galiomyza Spencer syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Liriomyza Mik, resulting in six new combinations.

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Conrad, Leon. "Roots, shoots, fruits: William Blake and J M Robertson: two key influences on George Spencer-Brown's work and the latter's relationship to Niklas Luhmann's work." Kybernetes 51, no. 5 (January 20, 2022): 1879–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-11-2020-0726.

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PurposeBlake is relatively well-known, but who was J M Robertson? What's his connection with George Spencer-Brown? And how exactly did J M Robertson influence George Spencer-Brown?Design/methodology/approachGeorge Spencer-Brown (1923–2016) is the author (among other works) of the undeservedly little-known book, Laws of Form (1969/2011), which was a key inspiration for Niklas Luhmann (1927–1998). But what inspired George Spencer-Brown? This paper explores two key influences on George Spencer-Brown and his work: the English poet and artist, William Blake (1757–1827) and the Scottish rationalist, politician and author, J M Robertson (1856–1933).FindingsThe paper points to a broken link between George Spencer-Brown's work and Niklas Luhmann's.Originality/valueThese questions are explored from two perspectives: first, George Spencer-Brown's works and their debt to (1) Blake's work, from which he quotes in a number of instances and to (2) J M Robertson's (in particular, the latter's Letters on Reasoning (1905) and Rationalism (1912)); second, my personal connection to Spencer-Brown, who mentored me through Laws of Form and with whom I developed a close friendship involving regular weekly telephone conversations for the greater part of the last four years of Spencer-Brown's life. I share anecdotes and stories that connect George Spencer-Brown and J M Robertson that span George Spencer-Brown's lifetime – from his school days to his dying days. Both Blake's and Robertson's influences are relevant to Spencer-Brown's view of morality. The paper looks at specific connections between Blake's work and J M Robertson's on the one hand and George Spencer-Brown's on the other.

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Leite, Amanda Maurício Pereira. "Spencer Tunick." ETD - Educação Temática Digital 21, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 908–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/etd.v21i4.8654813.

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O texto apresenta a produção fotográfica de Spencer Tunick, fotógrafo estadunidense. Sugere reflexões sobre Fotografia, Arte Contemporânea e Educação nas interfaces com obras de Roland Barhtes (A Câmara Clara, 1984) e Jacques Rancière (O espectador emancipado, 2012). As imagens estabelecem jogos entre as coisas expostas e o olhar do espectador. A carne humana é alinhada, colocada em pose e modelada a partir de uma visão – a do fotógrafo. Estamos diante de imagens provocantes. Entre proximidades e distanciamentos feitos pelo espectador, existem oposições e equivalências. Ao tomar a fotografia como arte e como aposta educativa estamos suscetíveis ao artificial, ao fabricado, a eventualidade, ao impreciso, ao hipotético; ao improvável. Quiçá estejamos também diante apostas educativas mais experimentais, que se concentrem em ver e pensar a fotografia por vias mais livres e menos escolarizantes.

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17

Editor, O. "Spencer Vampré." Revista da Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de São Paulo 88 (January 1, 1993): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-8235.v88i0p87-90.

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18

Pambakian, J. "John Spencer." BMJ 325, no. 7374 (November 23, 2002): 1246d—1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1246/d.

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19

English, John. "Robert Spencer." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 63, no. 3 (September 2008): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200806300303.

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Snyder, Alison. "Susan Spencer." Lancet 374, no. 9691 (August 2009): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61548-8.

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21

Hunten, Donald M. "Nelson Spencer." Planetary and Space Science 56, no. 11 (October 2008): 1451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2008.03.003.

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Holmes, Brian. "Herbert Spencer." Prospects 24, no. 3-4 (September 1994): 533–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02195287.

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Sampson, Allan R. "Bruce Spencer)." Statistical Science 14, no. 1 (February 1999): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/ss/1009211808.

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Diah Wijayanthi, Anak Agung Made. "Penerapan Kompetensi Spencer Pada Aparatur Sipil Negara." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 16, no. 4 (October 20, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v16i4.2252.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to find out how the method of developing human resource competencies with the Spencer theory approach for employees and to find out how the application of Spencer's theory in evaluating the competencies of employees. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews with informants and documentation. The selection of informants is done by purposive sampling method. The results of the study show the model of human resource competency development with the Spencer theory approach for contract employees at the City Youth and Sports Education Office in Denpasar through training and training to contract employees in performing assigned tasks to improve their competency. The application of Spencer's theory in competency evaluation of contract employees at the Department of Youth and Sports Education in Denpasar City is good because contract employees can complete their responsibilities on time. Competency development Achievement orientation cannot be done maximally because there are complaints from contract employees regarding compensation in the form of wages. The wage already has standards regulated by the local government as well as laws that cannot be easily changed. Future research is expected to be able to use more competency indicators in terms of evaluating employee performance by adding other theories and adding other factors of competence that can be used in evaluating an employee's performance.

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Gaunson, Stephen. "Marvellous Melbourne: Lady filmgoers, Spencer’s Pictures and Cozens Spencer." Early Popular Visual Culture 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460654.2013.872049.

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Boucher, Stéphanie. "Revision of the Nearctic species of Cerodontha (Icteromyza) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)." Canadian Entomologist 144, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 122–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.12.

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AbstractNine species of Icteromyza Hendel, a subgenus of Cerodontha Rondani, were previously known in the Nearctic: Cerodontha (Icteromyza) atrissima Spencer, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) capitata (Zetterstedt), Cerodontha (Icteromyza) churchillensis Spencer, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) fuscifrons Spencer, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) lineella (Zetterstedt), Cerodontha (Icteromyza) longipennis (Loew), Cerodontha (Icteromyza) montanoides Spencer, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) pilosa Boucher, and Cerodontha (Icteromyza) temeculensis Spencer. Three new species are here described for this region: Cerodontha (Icteromyza) griffonensissp. nov.; Cerodontha (Icteromyza) vockerothisp. nov.; Cerodontha (Icteromyza) woodisp. nov. Species descriptions and illustrations, additional notes, and a new identification key for the Nearctic species of Cerodontha (Icteromyza) are provided.

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EISEMAN, CHARLES S., and OWEN LONSDALE. "New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species." Zootaxa 4479, no. 1 (September 14, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1.

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We present rearing records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from five years of collecting throughout the United States. We review host and distribution data, and describe leaf mines, for 93 species, plus 28 others that could not be confidently identified in the absence of male specimens. We report 147 new host species records, including the first rearing records for Agromyza bispinata Spencer, A. diversa Johnson, A. parca Spencer, A. pudica Spencer, A. vockerothi Spencer, Calycomyza michiganensis Steyskal, Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch), and Phytomyza aldrichi Spencer. Phytomyza anemones Hering and (tentatively identified) Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) iraeos (Robineau-Desvoidy) are new to North America; Agromyza albitarsis Meigen, Amauromyza shepherdiae Sehgal, Aulagromyza populicola (Walker), Liriomyza orilliensis Spencer, Phytomyza linnaeae (Griffiths), P. solidaginivora Spencer, and P. solidaginophaga Sehgal are new to the USA. We also present confirmed USA records for Calycomyza menthae Spencer (previous records were based only on leaf mines), Ophiomyia maura (Meigen) (reported from the USA in older literature but deleted from the fauna in the most recent revision (Spencer & Steyskal 1986)), and Phytomyza astotinensis Griffiths and P. thalictrivora Spencer (previously only tentatively recorded from the USA). We provide 111 additional new state records. We describe the following 30 new species: Agromyza fission, A. soka, Melanagromyza palmeri, Ophiomyia euthamiae, O. mimuli, O. parda, Calycomyza artemisivora, C. avira, C. eupatoriphaga, C. vogelmanni, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) edithae, Cer. (D.) feldmani, Liriomyza ivorcutleri, L. valerianivora, Phytomyza actaeivora, P. aesculi, P. confusa, P. doellingeriae, P. erigeronis, P. hatfieldae, P. hydrophyllivora, P. palmeri, P. palustris, P. sempervirentis, P. tarnwoodensis, P. tigris, P. triangularidis, P. vancouveriella, P. verbenae, and P. ziziae.

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Robinson, Anne. "Penelope Spencer (1901–93) Dancer and Choreographer: A Chronicle." Dance Research 28, no. 1 (May 2010): 36–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drs.2010.0004.

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The career of the English dancer, choreographer, teacher and dance writer, Penelope Spencer (1901–93), primarily spanned the twenty-year period between the First and Second World Wars (1919–39). Spencer's versatile dance training and career encompassed diverse British theatre genres of the period, including ballet, drama, mime, modern dance, musical comedy, opera, pantomime and revue. It was common practice during the inter-war period for English dancers to disguise their British origins by ‘Russianising’ their names. Spencer, however, maintained her English name throughout her career. She practised consecutively both as a freelance artiste and also under the auspices of important cultural institutions, including the British National Opera Company [BNOC], the Camargo Society, the Cremorne Company, the Dancer's Circle Dinners, the Glastonbury Festival, the Imperial Society for Teachers of Dancing [ISTD], the League of Arts, the London Opera Syndicate Limited, the Margaret Morris Movement, the One Hundred Club, the Royal Academy of Dancing [RAD], the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art [RADA], the Royal College of Music [RCM], and the Sunshine Matinées. Spencer's significant contribution to British theatre dance and wider cultural heritage, is largely forgotten. Since no major study of her work has been published, 1 and because not one of her creations survives in performance, the importance of her wide-ranging, and often pioneering achievements, is not fully recognised.

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Marshall, Elaine F. "Hopkins’s Sermons and “Felix Randal”." Religion and the Arts 19, no. 4 (2015): 320–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-01904002.

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Since Alfred Thomas’s discovery in 1971 that Hopkins had entered the death of his parishioner, Felix Spencer, in St. Francis Xavier’s church record book, scholars have interpreted Hopkins’s sonnet, “Felix Randal,” in the context of his ministerial experience in Victorian Liverpool. This paper aims to add to existing research on “Felix Randal” by analyzing some of the sonnet’s underlying themes in the light of Hopkins’s Bedford Leigh and Liverpool sermons, and sources on Felix Spencer and his environment that have not yet received attention by critics. These sources include The Gore’s Directory, contemporary newspapers, and material on Felix Spencer’s burial. The investigation will reveal that, despite the differences between Hopkins’s sermons and “Felix Randal,” some of the teachings in his sermons, together with information on the social conditions in his urban parishes, can help the reader to probe the obscurities in the sonnet, and offer additional interpretations of its meaning.

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30

Stanley, Brian. "The Reshaping of Christian Tradition: Western Denominational Identity in a Non-Western Context." Studies in Church History 32 (1996): 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015539.

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In August 1841 George Spencer, great-grandson of the third Duke of Marlborough and second Bishop of Madras, entertained two house guests in his residence at Kotagherry. Both were seeking admission into the Anglican ministry. One was an Indian, a former Roman Catholic priest who had begun to question the catholicity of the Roman communion, had joined himself for a while to the American Congregational mission in Madura, but had eventually reached the conclusion, in Spencer’s words, that ‘evangelical doctrine joined to Apostolic Government were only to be met with in indissoluble conjunction with the Church of England’. Bishop Spencer, while keen to employ the Indian as a catechist, felt it premature, ‘in a matter of such importance’, to receive him as a presbyter, even though the validity of his orders was unquestionable. The Indian is not named in the records, and it would appear that he never became an Anglican priest.

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Tamashita, Shigekazu. "Fenollosa and Spencer." Historical English Studies in Japan, no. 24 (1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5024/jeigakushi.1992.1.

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32

Kirkup, J. "Spencer Wells' forceps." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/j.jmb.2005.05-07.

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Martin, Jean. "Spencer in America." Art Book 5, no. 3 (June 1998): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8357.00093.

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Spencer, S. "Richard Wellesley Spencer." BMJ 350, jun01 19 (June 1, 2015): h2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h2735.

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Jones, Nick Spencer, and Chris Spencer Jones. "John Spencer Jones." BMJ 334, no. 7602 (May 17, 2007): 1063.6–1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39206.676667.be.

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Morris, C. "Profile: John Spencer." BMJ 325, no. 7355 (July 13, 2002): 14S—14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7355.s14.

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Earnshaw, T. "Rachel Elizabeth Spencer." BMJ 325, no. 7374 (November 23, 2002): 1246e—1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1246/e.

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38

Thomson, W. Murray. "Vale John Spencer." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 43, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12145.

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Mead, Chris. "Spencer (1923-1994)." Ibis 137, no. 1 (April 3, 2008): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1995.tb03229.x.

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Cortis, Edward M. "Stanley Livingstone Spencer." Medical Journal of Australia 163, no. 8 (October 1995): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124670.x.

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Freeman, Paul. "Spencer Norman Bayer." Veterinary Record 181, no. 10 (September 7, 2017): 272.1–272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.j4123.

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Kirkup, John. "Spencer Wells' Forceps." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 3 (August 2005): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300304.

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Gelbier, Stanley. "Enid Muriel Spencer." British Dental Journal 225, no. 2 (July 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.613.

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CIOK, AMY E. "SIR STANLEY SPENCER." Academic Medicine 77, no. 3 (March 2002): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200203000-00002.

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Watts, Geoff. "Harrison Clark Spencer." Lancet 388, no. 10050 (September 2016): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31607-5.

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Burger, J. "Lambert Spencer Mount." British Homeopathic Journal 77, no. 01 (January 1988): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(88)80065-6.

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BULAT, Mustafa. "HENRY SPENCER MOORE." Journal of Academic Social Sciences 7, no. 7 (January 1, 2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/asos.363.

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LaDou, J. "Jean Spencer Felton." Occupational Medicine 54, no. 4 (June 1, 2004): 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh059.

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Madden, J. S. "John Spencer Madden." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 3 (March 1994): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.3.153.

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Spencer, Helen, and Warwick Coulson. "Douglas Anthony Spencer." BMJ 333, no. 7580 (December 7, 2006): 1224.5–1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39055.613600.fa.

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