Journal articles: 'Spending habits'

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Wetcher-Hendricks, Debra, and Mitchell Hendricks. "Generational Spending Habits." Theory in Action 15, no. 1 (2022): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2203.

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The expectation of familiarity with technologies embedded in millennial lifestyle creates a sort of cultural lag, with older generations struggling to understand and use these technologies. However, older generations’ failure to accept new technologies, at least to some degree, would lead to social stagnation. From a populist standpoint, concerns of both generations deserve attention. Hypotheses contend that those in younger generations feel greater strain when using electronic payments than when using currency and that those in older generations feel greater strain when using currency than when using electronic payments. Data gathered from individuals of various ages and in various socio-economic statuses provided moderate, but not overwhelming, support for this contention. However, other, unanticipated, patterns emerge.

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Tianika, Fransiska Octaviani, and Rosemarie Sutjiati Njotoprajitno. "PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH INDEKS PRESTASI KUMULATIF (IPK), LITERASI KEUANGAN, DAN PENJURUSAN TERHADAP SPENDING HABITS MAHASISWA." ANALISIS 11, no. 2 (2021): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/als.v11i2.874.

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Financial literacy is indicated to be able to help personal finances such as in the case of money circulation which will further control one's spending habit. lack of financial literacy causes failure in terms of managing finances. This research is in the field of personal financial planning/management which aims to to examine the comparison of the effects of GPA, financial literacy, and study programs on spending habits. This research uses collection of primary data obtained from students from the Faculty of Economics and Informatics of the Christian University of Marantha, the sample method used to collect sample is purposive sampling. The final results of the research showed that partially, GPA had no effect on spending habits, financial literacy had no effect on spending habits, and majors had no effect on spending habits. Simultaneously, GPA, financial literacy and majors had significant effect on spending habits. This result shows student academic achievement and financial literacy need to complement each other in order to influence student spending habits.

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Modi, Mr Sanskar, Prof Dr Rajendra Jarad, Pro Nilambari Moholkar, Pro Dr Dhananjay Bhavsar, Prof Dr Mahendra Yadav, and Prof ,. Dr Praveen Suryavanshi. "Impact of Cashless Payments on Customer Spending Habits." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6, no. 4 (2025): 8060–62. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0425.1507.

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Baba, Erika, Tímea Kozma, Réka Pálinkás, and Zita Popovicsné Szilágyi. "Eximination of Leisure Spending Habits." Acta Carolus Robertus 13, no. 1 (2023): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33032/acr.4190.

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In today's modern world, recreation plays an increasingly important role, as one of its most important goals is to maintain health and increase our ability to work. The past few years have been defined by the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, many areas of life have changed, such as health, the economy, education, entertainment and travel. After the introduction of restrictions, we spent more time at home, so activities in our free time also changed. It is important to make good use of the extra time available to us in addition to work.The aim of the study was to observe how busy the participants spend their days and how much time they spend on each activity. The research was conducted using an online questionnaire in which 343 people participated. In terms of gender distribution, women accounted for 72% and men for 28%. The survey covered active and passive actions. The questions covered separate weekdays and weekends, thus providing a comprehensive picture of leisure habits.

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Syed, Ali Rizwana M., and James Chithra. "Impact of Covid-19 on consumer spending pattern." B-Digest (Journal of Commerce & Management) 16, no. 2 (2024): 22. https://doi.org/10.26634/bdigest.16.2.21353.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about an unprecedented era of uncertainty, forcing consumers to re-evaluate their spending habits and prioritize their needs in ways previously unimaginable. There is a fundamental shift in consumers spending habits that would have a far-reaching consequence for business and economics. This study seeks to explore the change in spending habit of consumers towards various product categories and shift in spending pattern during pandemic. Data were collected through questionnaire from 230 respondents. Convenience sampling method is used for this research and tools like Percentage, mean score ranking, One-way Anova, Chi-square and Cross-tabulation method were used to analyse the data. The finding reveals that “Essential products” and “non-essential product” categories faced major changes in spending pattern of consumers during COVID-19. The result shows that there is an association between employment status and shift in consumer spending pattern during pandemic.

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Emmanuel, Arvy Grace, Kent Mahilom, Jeanly Laputan, Angel Mae Quiseo, Prince Joseph Teo, and Edgar Fernandez. "Spending Habits and Daily Allowance Satisfaction of Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Students." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 31, no. 3 (2025): 333–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14749884.

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This study aimed to determine the level of spending habit of ABM students in terms of academic purpose, food allowance and personal needs, and to determine their daily allowance satisfaction. This study also aims to examine if there is a significant relationship between spending habit and daily allowance satisfaction. The researcher conducted a quantitative research study and used correlational and descriptive research design. This study used total population sampling as sampling technique as this used the forty-two (42) ABM students in Malalag Cogon National High School in the schoolyear 2024-2025. The researchers used mean and Spearman Rho as the statistical tools. The researchers conducted a pilot testing to test the reliability of the questionnaires and the results of the Cronbach’s Alpha were good. Based on the findings, the level of spending habits of ABM students is moderate, and their level of daily allowance satisfaction is high. On the other hand, spending habits in terms of food, personal needs and academic purpose have a low positive correlation in the student’s satisfaction in allowance for their personal needs, food and academic purpose. In addition, the researcher recommended that in order to minimize the expenses of the students, they should be responsible for the things they buy, prioritize their needs over wants, and know how to budget their daily allowance so that they can control their spending habits and avoid allowance dissatisfaction.

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Akmalia, Ana, and Romandhon Romandhon. "Pengaruh Financial Literacy, Self-Control, Overconfidence, Dan Shopping Life-Style Terhadap Spending Habits." Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen dan Perbankan Syariah 3, no. 5 (2023): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.32699/jamasy.v3i5.6708.

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Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap spending habits mahasiswa. Metode – Penelitian dengan menggunakan Metode kuantatif dengan pengumpulan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan analisis linear berganda. Dengan alat bantu SPSS versi 25. Hasil - Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa financial literacy berpengaruh positif terhadap spending habits mahasiswa, sedangkan self-control, overconfidence dan shopping life-syle tidak berpengaruh terhadap spending habits mahasiswa Implikasi - Penelitian ini menggunakan data mahasiswa yang bertempat tinggal di PONPESMA UNSIQ Orisinalitas - Makalah ini melihat hubungan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap spending habits mahasiswa

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Mohd Rasid, Mohd Faizol Rizal. "The Antecedents of Food Spending Habits among University Students." Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 8, no. 2 (2023): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v8i2.24128.

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In an era of shifting cultural, economic, and dietary landscapes, the study of food spending habits has become extremely important. There is a lack of comprehensive studies on the financial constraints faced by students and how these limitations impact on their food spending choices. This study examines the underlying factors and determinants that influence the food spending habits of students within the context of higher education. The main objective of this study was to examine the antecedents of students’ food spending habits. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 107 students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Puncak Alam and analyzed. The result demonstrated that all independent variables (promotional advertisements, personal preferences, and cultural trends) tested in this study have a significant impact on students' food spending habits. Findings from this study would be beneficial to policymakers, businesses in the food industry, and educational institutions in promoting healthier and sustainable food spending habits among students. Hence, it is expected that it can provide valuable insights into various aspects of an individual’s life and the broader economy.

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Sanoy, Jr. El Jhon, Anjelica Dew Oro, Rachel Ruellen Zaide, Maria Ericka Cazzandra Fernandez, and III Jose Decena. "Financial Attitudes and Spending Habits of Senior High School Teachers in Tacurong National High School: Implications for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development (SDG 1)." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 22, no. 10 (2024): 1168–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13201036.

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The research conducted an in-depth analysis of the financial attitudes and spending habits of 55 Senior High School (SHS) teachers at Tacurong National High School (TNHS) using a quantitative research design and descriptive correlational technique. The study questionnaire was adapted and contextualized. Mean, Pearson Moment Correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to examine the collected data. The results revealed high levels of retention-time (saving) and anxiety, a low level of power prestige, and a moderate level of distrust frugality in the financial attitude domains. Meanwhile, the spending habits domains showed a moderate level of diversity and overspending and a high level of loyalty. The study result showed a low positive correlation between financial attitudes and spending habits. However, no single domain of financial attitudes was found to significantly influence spending habits. The findings of this study bear significant implications for Sustainable Development Goal number one: No Poverty, as understanding the financial attitudes and spending habits of educators can aid in developing targeted interventions to enhance financial literacy, promote sustainable economic behaviors, and contribute to poverty reduction efforts.

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Obagbuwa, Oloyede, and Farai Kwenda. "Determinants of Students' Spending Habits: a Case Study of Students at a Premier University of African Scholarship." African Journal of Business and Economic Research 15, no. 4 (2020): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2020/v15n4a2.

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This study investigated factors that influence the spending habits of university students. The study utilised primary data collected through structured questionnaires from a sample of 479 students from the College of Humanities and College of Law and Management Studies at the University of KwaZuluNatal. Nine independent variables, namely, financial knowledge, financial attitude, gender, age, financial aid, years at university, racial groups, family background and course of study, were regressed against spending habits; the dependent variable. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, Chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression.. The study found that financial attitude has a significant influence on students' spending habits. The study found no statistically significant difference in the spending habits of male and female students; students majoring in business and nonbusiness-majors and among different racial groups.

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Binti Azmi, Nor Fazleena, and Suresh Ramakrishnan. "Relationship between Financial Knowledge and Spending Habits among Faculty of Managementâ€™s Staff." Journal of Economic Info 5, no. 3 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jei.v5i3.102.

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Spending habits in the most desirable way is one of the factors that can lead to financial satisfaction. Therefore, financial satisfaction depends on the ability of people to manage and take control of their personal finance in order to improve their financial decision making and financial status. This study was conducted to identify the level of spending habits among Management Faculty staff at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. This study also conducted to investigate the level of personal financial knowledge adapted by staff and lastly to determine the relationship between financial knowledge and spending habits among Management Faculty staff. The total of 97 questionnaires were distributed and completed by the staff. Data was analyzed by using descriptive, Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression that include in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results firstly revealed that the higher level of financial knowledge is the factors that influence the most desirable financial behavior in spending habits among staff. Secondly, the staff perceived that the financial knowledge can be enhanced through financial education in order to improve their financial planning. Finally, the result indicates that financial knowledge have positive relationship with spending habits.

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Iglehart, John K. "U.S. Health Spending Habits Grab International Attention." Health Affairs 24, no. 4 (2005): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.24.4.902.

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Zainol, Zuraidah, Suzyanty Mohd Shokory, and Bahijah Abas. "Enhancing Financial Well-Being through Strategic Spending Habits: Insights from Muslim Consumers in Malaysia." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. XIX (2024): 174–83. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.icame2414.

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This study aims to determine the effect of spending habits, i.e., experiential spending, impulsive spending, self-expressive spending, prosocial spending, and conspicuous spending, on the financial well-being of Malaysian Muslim consumers. This study employed a quantitative and deductive approach. Data were collected from a sample of 400 Muslim consumers, aged 18 years old and above, using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using Multiple Linear Regression. The findings reveal that prosocial spending and conspicuous spending have a significant and positive effect on financial well-being. In contrast, impulsive spending has a significant negative effect on financial well-being. Comparing the significant factors, prosocial spending turns out to be the dominant factor to affect financial well-being. In conclusion, spending habits play a significant role in determining the financial well-being of Muslim consumers. The findings provide better guidance to facilitate effective policymaking and designing educational programs in addition to individual efforts towards stronger perceived financial well-being.

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Birari, Abhijeet, and Umesh Patil. "Spending & Saving Habits of Youth in the City of Aurangabad." SIJ Transactions on Advances in Space Research & Earth Exploration 4, no. 5 (2016): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijasree/v4i5/0203230101.

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Navraj, Jain. "DIFFERENCES IN SPENDING HABITS INFLUENCED BY UPI IN RURAL AND URBAN INDIAN POPULATIONS." INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL - IERJ 11, no. 1 (2025): 119–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15593257.

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Digital payments have become a transformative force in bridging the gap between rural and urban India. While existing research focuses on adoption rates or the impact of UPI on spending patterns, this study investigates the differences in spending habits between rural and urban populations following the introduction of UPI. Utilizing both primary and secondary data, surveys were conducted to analyze spending behaviors in rural areas, while data for urban populations were derived from existing scholarly literature. The findings reveal that rural residents predominantly prioritize saving over spending, whereas urban populations demonstrate increased spending patterns. These results align with prior studies, offering valuable insights into the contrasting financial behaviors shaped by UPI in rural and urban India.

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Dr. G. Bhoopathy, P. Kanagaraj. "The Impact of Digital Payments on Consumer Spending Habits." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 4 (2023): 5373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.1896.

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The transition to digital payments has significantly transformed consumer spending habits. With the ease of mobile wallets, online banking, and contactless payments, consumers are increasingly embracing cashless transactions. This shift has not only streamlined the payment process but also encouraged more frequent and impulsive purchases. Additionally, the ability to track and manage expenses in real-time has led to greater financial awareness, promoting responsible spending. While digital payments offer convenience, they also raise concerns about privacy and security. In sum, the impact of digital payments on consumer spending habits is a complex interplay of convenience, financial management, and security considerations.

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Furnham, Adrian. "The saving and spending habits of young people." Journal of Economic Psychology 20, no. 6 (1999): 677–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4870(99)00030-6.

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Chalise, Lekhnath, and Sophia Anong. "Spending Behavior Change and Financial Distress During the Great Recession." Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 28, no. 1 (2017): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.28.1.49.

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This study investigated whether spending habits before and during the Great Recession predicted financial distress. Financial distress was defined as failing to make mortgage and non-mortgage loan payments on time. Data from the 2007–2009 panel of the Survey of Consumer Finances revealed that one’s prerecession spending habit did not seem to matter. Respondents who reported in the earlier wave that they spent more than income but had begun to spend less than income during the recession were twice as likely to become financially distressed. However, those who were spending more than their income during the recession were three times as likely to be financially distressed. Being in good health, having income certainty, and above average risk tolerance lowered the odds of financial distress.

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Wu, Xuepin, and Jiru Han. "Psychological Needs, Physiological Needs and Regional Comparison Effects." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169464.

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This paper innovatively constructs a panel extended linear expenditure system (ELES) model including the theory of internal and external habit formation and analyzes the time effect of consumption habits and the regional differences of the comparison effects on rural residents in a variety of consumption expenditures from a temporal and spatial perspective. This research demonstrates the following. Firstly, overall, rural residents have least internal habits in terms of subsistence spending, followed by developmental spending and the most in enjoyment spending. Secondly, China’s rural residents consider the “actual use value” of commodities in “introverted” consumption expenditures; but in “export-oriented” consumption expenditures, besides the “actual use value” of the goods, they also seek to fulfill their “emotional demands”. Thirdly, there is the largest comparison effect on food and housing consumption expenditures for rural residents in coastal economic developed regions, and the smallest comparison effect on clothing, transportation, cultural and educational expenditures. It is the largest comparison effect on clothing and medical care expenditures for rural residents in underdeveloped regions of the central and western, and the smallest comparison effect on food and housing consumption expenditures.

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Zainol, Zuraidah, Suzyanty Mohd Shokory, and Nadratun Nafisah Abdul Wahab. "Healthy Spending Habits to Achieve Financial Well-Being: Young Teachers Perspectives." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 21 (November 2, 2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.7.

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This study determines the effect of healthy spending habits, namely experiential (ES), impulsive (IS), self-expressive (SS), prosocial (PS), and conspicuous (CS), on financial well-being (FWB) of young teachers in Malaysia and the differences in the effect between gender. Research design, data, and methodology: This study employed a quantitative approach. Data were collected from a sample of 300 young teachers aged 18 to 24 years old, using a questionnaire and analysed using Hierarchical Multiple Regression. Results: The findings reveal that ES, IS, and CS have a significant and positive effect on FWB, SS has a significant negative effect on FWB, and gender does not significantly moderate the effect of spending on FWB. Conclusion: This study is the first of its kind to investigate the role of various spending habits in a single framework to understand the comprehensive impact of spending in promoting FWB, particularly among young teachers. The findings provide useful information to fuel individuals in their early careers, particularly young teachers, to distribute their budget effectively for spending that consequently improves financial well-being and helps the relevant parties to design an effective program for overcoming the financial and high indebtedness problems among those in the early career.

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Jayanti, Vichamaya Dwi. "Behavioral Accounting Aspects in Purchasing Decisions Gender Perspective as Implementation of SDGs No. 5." Journal of Marketing and Emerging Economics 4, no. 4 (2024): 109–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13733793.

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This research aims to determine the influence of mobile self-efficacy, self-esteem and spending habits on purchasing decisions moderated by gender. The sampling technique in this research was probability cluster sampling and the total subjects were 162 respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale which is arranged based on aspects of the indicators for each variable. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with moderated regression analysis. The data in this research was processed with the help of the SPSS 16 program. The research results show that mobile self-efficacy, self-esteem, and spending habits have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. Gender does not moderate the influence of mobile self-efficacy and spending habits on purchasing decisions, however, gender moderates the influence of self-esteem on purchasing decisions. This research resulted in the fulfillment of gender equality in the use of technology.

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Ning, Siqi, Heyang Shen, and Debin Zhou. "Business Factors Influencing Contemporary Gamer Spending." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 39 (August 8, 2024): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/cehr1t72.

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In recent years, the game market has seen rapid growth influenced by technological advancements, lifestyle changes like increased home time due to events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and various socio-economic factors. This paper utilizes a literature analysis method to explore the factors affecting contemporary players' consumption behavior, focusing on game marketing, pricing strategies, and the economic environment. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, this study uncovers the complex dynamics shaping players' consumption habits. It examines how effective marketing strategies influence consumer preferences and purchase decisions, the impact of different pricing models on player spending habits, and how macroeconomic factors shape purchasing power and gaming trends. Based on these findings, the paper proposes practical development suggestions for game developers and enterprises. These include refining marketing tactics, optimizing pricing strategies, and fostering innovation to adapt to changing economic conditions and consumer preferences. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of governmental oversight to regulate game companies and ensure consumer protection, industry sustainability, and a favorable gaming environment.

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Masrohatin, Siti, and Siti Khodijah. "Spending Habits: Dimensi Sosial Ekonomi Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Selatan Muncar Banyuwangi." Fenomena 18, no. 2 (2019): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v18i2.28.

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Spending habits merupakan kebiasan mengeluarkan atau membelanjakan uang. Dari spending habits ini akan menimbulkan tingkat konsumsifitas yang tinggi dan berdampak buruk terhadap pengelolaan keuangan. Pembelian barang yang dilakukan nelayan karena tuntutan gengsi, bukan menurut tuntutan kebutuhan yang sebenarnya, kecenderungan orang membeli barang bukan karena nilai manfaatnya tapi hanya sebuah citra berupa status sosial yang tinggi dengan memiliki barang-barang tertentu atau mengkonsumsi jasa mewah lainnya. Sedangkan jenis penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan berdasarkan pada: data yang muncul berwujud kata – kata dan bukan rangkaian angka. Serta dengan metode penelitian deskriptif artinya melukiskan variabel demi variabel, satu demi satu. Metode penelitian deskriptif bertujuan untuk: Mengumpulkan informasi aktual secara rinci yang melukiskan gejala yang ada, Mengidentifikasi masalah atau memeriksa kondisi dan praktek-praktek yang berlaku, Membuat perbandingan atauevaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: Nelayan yang ada di Desa Kedungrejo masih tergolong nelayan tradisional. Alat yang dipakai oleh nelayan di Muncar masih menggunakan jaring, dimana alat tersebut merupakan alat yang ramah lingkungan. Terkait dengan spending habit, nelayan disana adalah konsumtif. Temuan penelitian ini, bahwa sebagian besar nelayan tidak memahami mekanisme pengelolaan keuangan keluarganya. Rata–rata nelayan dan keluarganya tidak memiliki tabungan. 85% dari sampel penelitian menyatakan sangat membutuhkan pengetahuan dalam pengelolaan keuangan, merencanakan pengalokasian keuangan dan tata cara menabung yang benar.

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Jesus, Fhrizz S. De, and Margie B. De Jesus. "Spending Habits of Public School Teachers in Palayan City." OALib 08, no. 02 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106332.

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Omote Emmanuel, Agbavwe, and Wanogho Akpughe. "E-Payments and the Dynamics of Consumer Spending Habits." British Journal of Management and Marketing Studies 7, no. 4 (2024): 143–56. https://doi.org/10.52589/bjmms-l6vfsd0v.

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This research paper investigates the relationship between e-payment methods and consumer behavior. It aims to understand the intricate dynamism on how the adoption and usage of e-payment systems influence consumer spending habits and the influence of perceptions of e-payment safety and reliability on financial behavior. The study utilizes the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework, a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive insights from a diverse sample of 197 consumers. The results revealed strong positive correlations between the frequency of e-payment usage and both total expenditure and the frequency of purchases. Furthermore, the study identifies a positive correlation between confidence in e-payment security and impulse buying behavior. However, a negative correlation between confidence in e-payment security and budget allocation implies a potential downside, where heightened trust in e-payment systems may lead to a lackadaisical approach towards budgeting and financial discipline. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that, given the positive correlation found between consumer trust in e-payment security and financial discipline, it is imperative for e-payment providers to continue investing in robust security measures. Regular updates, encryption technologies, and transparent communication about security protocols can help build and maintain consumer trust.

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Schäfer, Andreas, and Simone Valente. "HABIT FORMATION, DYNASTIC ALTRUISM, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 15, no. 3 (2010): 365–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051000009x.

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We study the general equilibrium properties of two growth models with overlapping generations, habit formation, and endogenous fertility. In the neoclassical model, habits modify the economy's growth rate and generate transitional dynamics in fertility; stationary income per capita is associated with either increasing or decreasing population and output, depending on the strength of habits. In the AK specification, growing population and increasing consumption per capita require that the habit coefficient lie within definite boundaries; outside the critical interval, positive growth is associated with either declining consumption due to overcrowding, or extinction paths with declining population. In both frameworks, habits reduce fertility: the trade-off between second-period consumption and spending for bequests prompts agents to decrease fertility in order to make parental altruism less costly. This mechanism suggests that status-dependent preferences may explain part of the decline in fertility rates observed in most developed economies.

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Gómez, Manuel A. "Public Spending in a Model of Endogenous Growth with Habit Formation." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2010 (2010): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/514329.

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This paper introduces habit-forming preferences in a Barro-type endogenous growth model with productive public services. Government expenditure, which may be subject to congestion, is financed by distortionary income taxation. Different from the standard time-separable model, the presence of habits makes the economy feature transitional dynamics, which are solved in closed form. Setting the income tax so as to equate the elasticity of public services in production is shown to maximize both long-run growth and welfare as in the standard model. This second-best solution coincides with the first-best outcome only in the presence of proportional congestion.

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Andriani, Diana. "PENGARUH SPENDING HABIT, PENGGUNAAN INTERNET TERHADAP NILAI AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA TEKNIK INDUSTRI UNIKOM." INAQUE: Journal of Industrial & Quality Engineering 7, no. 2 (2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/iqe.v7i2.1848.

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Berdasarkan survey SUSENAS (Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) pada tahun 2016, menunjukkan bahwa orang Indonesia mengkonsumsi pulsa melebihi konsumsi daging dan buah yaitu Rp 22.182/kapita/bulan. Pulsa yang dimaksudkan adalah paket internet, karena pada saat ini internet menjadi kebutuhan utama untuk semua orang. Bagi mahasiswa, internet menjadi sarana komunikasi dan informasi. Internet dapat memfasilitasi kebutuhan kuliah yang dapat diakses di kampus maupun dari gadget pribadi. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana kategori spending habits mahasiswa, tentang kebiasaan membelanjakan uangnya untuk paket data internet, serta pengaruh penggunaan internet terhadap nilai akademik Seharusnya, dengan menggunakan fasilitas internet tugas, buku ataupun materi perkuliahan akan mudah didapatkan, dampak positifnya nilai akademik mereka akan lebih baik. Responden yang dijadikan sampel berjumlah 58 mahasiswa aktif jurusan Teknik Industri UNIKOM angkatan 2013 -2017. Analisis korelasi product moment digunakan untuk melihat korelasi antara variabel independen yaitu spending habits (X1) dan penggunaan internet (X2), dengan variabel dependennya nilai akademik (Y). Selain itu dilakukan uji hipotesis untuk pengambilan keputusan ada atau tidaknya hubungan signifikansi spending habits, penggunaan internet dengan nilai akademik mahasiswa.

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Jha, Dhara, Devanshi Dave, and Abhishek Parikh. "Investment and Spending Habits of Generation Z and The Role of Financial Literacy: Implications under NEP 2020." Liberal Studies 8, no. 3 (2023): 389–404. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11229857.

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<em>Each new generation is born with new challenges that continuously change in every aspect of living. The habits related to investment and spending by Generation Z differ from previous generations. In this work, the authors tried to conceptualize a framework of investment and spending habits of Generation Z and the role of financial literacy for better decisions of personal finance. The world has the highest population of Generation Z, and they are and will be the cohort of the majority working class. The investment and spending habits of this age group of the population have a critical implication on the future of economic activities and businesses at large. On the broader side, India has developed and initiated the implementation of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and there is a dire need to include basic financial literacy modules and courses at the high school level. There is a need to make basic financial literacy courses mandatory in all the streams for the greater good of all the stakeholders.</em>

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Lanser, Alana, Indira Pachipala, Rachael Piver, et al. "Financial Toxicity Survey in Patients With Gynecologic Cancer." O&G Open 2, no. 3 (2025): e081. https://doi.org/10.1097/og9.0000000000000081.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the COST (Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity) survey for predicting whether patients would report altering spending habits, borrowing money, not filling prescriptions, or experiencing an inability to afford groceries secondary to cancer care costs in a population of patients with gynecologic cancer. METHODS: This was a single-institution, cross-sectional study of patients with gynecologic cancer within 5 years of initial diagnosis or disease recurrence. Patients completed a one-time COST survey and were screened for altering spending habits, borrowing money, not filling prescriptions, or experiencing food insecurity. RESULTS: A total of 323 patients consented and completed the survey; their mean age was 63 years, and 36.5% self-identified as Black. The mean COST score was 22. The COST score had an area under the curve value of 0.92 for predicting whether a patient would report altering spending habits, borrowing money, not filling prescriptions, or experiencing food insecurity. The cutoff COST score to maximize sensitivity and specificity was 26. At this cutoff, the score was 83.1% sensitive and 88.2% specific and had a positive predictive value of 92.9% and a negative predictive value of 73.7% for identifying those who would screen positive for reporting altering spending habits, borrowing money, delaying buying medications, or experiencing food insecurity. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the COST score, a measure of financial toxicity, is associated with social determinants of health in patients with gynecologic cancer. The COST score may help to predict additional needs outside of financial assistance.

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Lakić, Nikola, Andrija Bernik, and Andrej Čep. "Addiction and Spending in Gacha Games." Information 14, no. 7 (2023): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14070399.

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Gacha games are the most dominant games on the mobile market. These are free-to-play games with a lottery-like system, where the user pays with in-game currency to enter a draw in order to obtain the character or item they want. If a player does not obtain what he hoped for, there is the option of paying with his own money for more draws, and this is the main way to monetize the Gacha game. The purpose of this study is to show the playing and spending habits of Gacha players: the reasons they like such games, the reasons for spending, how much they spend, what they spend on, how long they have been spending, and whether they are aware of their spending. The paper includes studies by other researchers on various aspects of Gacha games as well. The aim of the paper is to conduct a study with the hypothesis that players who play the same game for a while and have a habit of playing it are willing to give more of their money to enter a draw. Therefore, two research questions and two hypotheses were analyzed. A total of 713 participants took part in the study.

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Sharma, Dr Shakti. "A Study on Financial Planning and Expenditure Patterns of Female College Students." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 02 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem41843.

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This study explores the budgeting and spending behavior of female college students based on a survey conducted through Google Forms. The data includes students' financial sources, spending habits, savings practices, and financial challenges. The study aims to analyze patterns and identify factors influencing students' financial decisions. The results highlight the dependency on parental support, budgeting challenges, and the importance of financial literacy for fostering financial independence. Keywords: Budgeting, College Students, Spending Behaviour, Financial Management, Savings, Expenditure

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Kaya, Tuğçe Süheyla, Murat Gezer, and Sevinç Gülseçen. "Application of Recommender System for Spending Habits Based Campaign Management." Proceedings 74, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021074007.

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Nowadays, banks are working on finding a suitable campaign for every customer profile. With this study, we aimed to develop a recommendation system that will direct the customer to the appropriate campaign. With the data received from a private bank, credit card transactions of the users were analyzed, and spending habits were modeled. We aimed to recommend the most suitable campaign to the users through the created models. Within the scope of the study, 662.088 credit card transactions performed by 4997 customers within three months were analyzed, and three campaigns were proposed for each customer as a result of the study. The ALS (Alternating Least Square) algorithm was used on Spark to establish the recommendation system. The primary purpose of the study is to increase customer satisfaction by finding unique users based on spending habits instead of campaigns that are applied collectively to customers by making a personalized campaign offer.

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HAYHOE, CELIA RAY, LAUREN J. LEACH, PAMELA R. TURNER, MARILYN J. BRUIN, and FRANCES C. LAWRENCE. "Differences in Spending Habits and Credit Use of College Students." Journal of Consumer Affairs 34, no. 1 (2000): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2000.tb00087.x.

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Andriani, D., and N. Nugraha. "Spending habits and financial literacy based on gender on employees." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407 (September 26, 2018): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/407/1/012089.

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Sojib Islam, Rahatul Islam Shanto, and Raad Mozib Lalon. "Exploring savings and spending behaviour among university graduates in Bangladesh." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 14, no. 2 (2025): 233–40. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v14i2.3895.

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This paper examines the financial behaviors of university students in Bangladesh, including gender and academic level. The study, involving a sample size of 416 students, was done at the University of Dhaka using a standardized questionnaire to collect data on financial behaviors, including monthly expenditures, saving habits, and financial decision-making techniques. One-way ANOVA and independent samples t-tests indicated significant gender disparities; male students showed greater spending habits, whilst female students displayed a stronger propensity for savings. Academic levels influenced spending behaviors; first-year students had distinct financial patterns compared to seniors, however, savings habits were rather consistent across groups. The findings emphasize the necessity of encouraging structured saving strategies and financial awareness among university students. Identifying substantial demographic and behavioral insights in this study aids legislators and financial institutions in improving customized financial planning strategies for students. The research highlights the potential for future studies to incorporate private colleges and investigate the impact of socioeconomic issues and digital payment systems on student financial conduct that may mold Bangladesh's orderly and economical student demographic.

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Handojo, Matthew Szalynski, Ferdinand Ferdinand, and Njo Anastasia. "PENGARUH FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL ATTITUDE, DAN MENTAL ACCOUNTING TERHADAP SPENDING HABITS GAMERS DI SURABAYA." National Conference on Applied Business, Education, & Technology (NCABET) 3, no. 1 (2024): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/ncabet.v3i1.113.

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Online games are one of the entertainment activities highly favored by the Indonesian society. The level of consumption and spending in gaming is also continuously increasing in the gaming industry. Gamers in Indonesia themselves have a willingness of 45% to spend money while playing games. This research aims to determine the influence of financial knowledge, financial attitude, and mental accounting on the spending habits of gamers in Surabaya. The sampling was done purposively on gamers residing in Surabaya who play games for more than 7 hours per week. A total of 200 respondents in Surabaya participated in this study. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires online through Google Forms, which were disseminated to gamers and gaming communities in Surabaya via social media platforms such as Line and Instagram. The obtained data will be processed using SmartPLS 4 software. The results of the analysis in this study prove that financial knowledge, financial attitude, and mental accounting significantly influence the spending habits of gamers in Surabaya

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Zhang, Zihan. "Check and Balance Overspending in Average American Household Consumption." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 7 (April 5, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v7i.6808.

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Overspending is a problem where people tend to over-excessive purchase unnecessary subjects, such as clothing, cars, and technology that does not match any mean of their income. This caused many people to diet, have psychological problems, and have unstable family relationships. However, the problem of overspending comes down to people don't recognize their spending habits. This research presents how credit cards have a major impact on people’s habits of overspending and social norms that caused overspending. Lastly, the research shows that financial literacy implementation is a crucial method for preventing overspending and that developing the habit of managing money at a young age is crucial to minimize the effect of overspending. Money management awareness is important in the education system.

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P. Rodriguez, Joel Mark, Genesis Anne B. Rodriguez, and Lourdes Q. Palallos. "A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF GRADE-12 STUDENTS ON THEIR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN PCU: BASIS FOR DEVELOPING A FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN." ICTACT Journal on Management Studies 10, no. 3 (2024): 1962–76. https://doi.org/10.21917/ijms.2024.0303.

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The study investigates financial management among Grade-12 students at PCU, aiming to understand their financial behaviors and challenges to develop tailored support systems effectively and develop a Financial Management Plan. Employing a quantitative-descriptive research design, surveys, and statistical analysis, significant correlations with a P-Value of (.000) and Computed-r of (.699**), suggest that were found between financial activities and management plans, highlighting the relationship between financial literacy, behavior, and well-being. Higher financial literacy correlated with increased spending behavior, while positive financial behavior led to modest increases in savings. Financial well-being may influence financial behavior and spending habits, potentially impacting allowances received. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) elucidates how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control shape financial intentions and behaviors. Despite initial significant findings, differences in spending habits based on allowance source were not significant, suggesting random variation. Understanding these dynamics can inform interventions to enhance financial literacy and promote responsible financial behaviors among Grade-12 students.

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Rodriguez, Joel Mark, Genesis Anne Rodriguez, and Lourdes Palallos. "The Analysis of Financial Planning Activities of Grade-12 Students on their Financial Management in PCU: Basis for Financial Management Plan." International Journal of Research Publications 153, no. 1 (2024): 162–91. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001531720247007.

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The study investigates financial management among Grade-12 students at PCU, aiming to understand their financial behaviors and challenges to develop tailored support systems effectively and develop a Financial Management Plan. Employing a quantitative-descriptive research design, surveys, and statistical analysis, significant correlations with a P-Value of (.000) and Computed-r of (.699**), suggest that were found between financial activities and management plans, highlighting the relationship between financial literacy, behavior, and well-being. Higher financial literacy correlated with increased spending behavior, while positive financial behavior led to modest increases in savings. Financial well-being may influence financial behavior and spending habits, potentially impacting allowances received. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) elucidates how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control shape financial intentions and behaviors. Despite initial significant findings, differences in spending habits based on allowance source were not significant. Understanding these dynamics can inform interventions to enhance financial literacy and promote responsible financial behaviors among Grade-12 students.

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Firdaus, Arsy Maulana, and Sigit Hermawan. "THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND SPENDING HABITS ON SHOPPING DECISIONS IN MARKET WITH PERSONAL PREFERENCE AS A MODERATION VARIABLE." Journal of Economic and Economic Policy 2, no. 2 (2025): 78–93. https://doi.org/10.61796/ijecep.v2i2.60.

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Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of financial literacy and spending habits on consumer decision-making in the marketplace. Method: The research uses a quantitative method and a sample of 115 students from the Spring 2020 semester at the University of Sidoarjo. The data analysis technique used is purposive sampling, using validity and reliability tests, a paired-probability hypothesis, and SPSS version 26 statistical software. Results: The results show that financial literacy positively influences consumer decision-making, while spending habits negatively influence consumer decision-making. Novelty: The study suggests that financial literacy can moderate the relationship between financial literacy and consumer decision-making, and that good financial management can positively influence consumer decision-making.

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Phadale,, Kapil Sanjay. "BudgetBliss: Predictive Budget Planning using Neural Networks and Socioeconomic Factors." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31882.

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BudgetBliss is a transformative web application developed to revolutionize personal finance management through the integration of Artificial Neural Networks. Leveraging a sophisticated architecture, BudgetBliss provides users with a comprehensive platform to effectively plan and manage their income. The development process involved meticulous data collection and preprocessing, followed by the implementation of an Artificial Neural Network model. By analyzing users' spending habits and categorizing income, BudgetBliss offers detailed financial breakdowns tailored to individual needs. This methodology ensures the accuracy and relevance of the insights provided to users. Furthermore, BudgetBliss serves as an inadvertent educational tool, fostering financial literacy as users gain insights into their spending habits and make informed decisions about their money. Additionally, the automation of categorization, analysis of spending habits, and provision of personalized insights significantly reduce financial stress, empowering users to feel in control of their finances and focus on achieving their goals with confidence. In today's fast-paced society, where financial management significantly impacts overall well-being, BudgetBliss addresses the critical need for a system that enhances household financial control. By enabling users to make informed decisions and gain a deeper understanding of their financial landscape, BudgetBliss facilitates a path towards contentment and fulfillment in life. Keywords - Budget planning, Personal finance, Artificial Neural Networks, Financial management, Well-being

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Rodriguez, Joel Mark, Del Carmen Labong, and Lourdes Palallos. "The Mediation of Financial Behavior to Financial Literacy and Spending Habits of Gen Z: An Exploratory Factor Analysis." Journal of Global Awareness 5, no. 2 (2024): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.24073/jga/5/02/05.

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The study aims to explain the relationship of financial literacy with spending habits and behavior. Financial behavior is a mediator of Generation Z. Financial literacy is a very important dimension in making financial decisions, and this research highlighted the direct and indirect impacts that financial literacy exerts on spending behavior. Data is collected from 317 respondents using a structured questionnaire measuring financial literacy, financial behavior, and spending behavior. Correlation, regression, mediation analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling have been used in evaluating these relationships. Financial literacy directly reflects a strong relationship with spending behavior, and its coefficient is 1.167. Financial behavior, therefore, exercises a strong mediation effect on this relationship with a mediation coefficient of 0.797, thus indicating that financial behavior is an essential tool in successfully translating financial knowledge into responsible spending. From these findings, greater financial literacy and responsible financial behavior may increase the aggregate financial efficacy of Generation Z. Although the current study heavily focuses on the fact that financial literacy and behavior are highly associated with financial well-being, it shows that targeted financial literacy education programs on either behavior or financial literacy enhance healthier spending behavior. The scope of future studies involves considering the role of income and personality characteristics as well as an elongation of the time horizon to uncover the impact of financial literacy on shifts in the individual's financial well-being.

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Rodriguez, Joel Mark. "The Mediation of Financial Behavior to Financial Literacy and Spending Habits of Gen Z: An Exploratory Factor Analysis." Journal of Global Awareness 5, no. 2 (2024): 5. https://doi.org/10.24073/jga/5/02/05.

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The study aims to explain the relationship of financial literacy with spending habits and behavior. Financial behavior is a mediator of Generation Z. Financial literacy is a very important dimension in making financial decisions, and this research highlighted the direct and indirect impacts that financial literacy exerts on spending behavior. Data is collected from 317 respondents using a structured questionnaire measuring financial literacy, financial behavior, and spending behavior. Correlation, regression, mediation analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling have been used in evaluating these relationships. Financial literacy directly reflects a strong relationship with spending behavior, and its coefficient is 1.167. Financial behavior, therefore, exercises a strong mediation effect on this relationship with a mediation coefficient of 0.797, thus indicating that financial behavior is an essential tool in successfully translating financial knowledge into responsible spending. From these findings, greater financial literacy and responsible financial behavior may increase the aggregate financial efficacy of Generation Z. Although the current study heavily focuses on the fact that financial literacy and behavior are highly associated with financial well-being, it shows that targeted financial literacy education programs on either behavior or financial literacy enhance healthier spending behavior. The scope of future studies involves considering the role of income and personality characteristics as well as an elongation of the time horizon to uncover the impact of financial literacy on shifts in the individual's financial well-being.

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Bukbārde, Laura. "DO CULTURAL TOURISTS GOING TO REGIONAL CONCERT HALLS BENEFIT LOCAL ECONOMIES? A COMPARATIVE INDUCED IMPACT ANALYSIS IN LATVIA." Culture Crossroads 11 (November 10, 2022): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol11.136.

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This study contributes to the field of the cultural economics by conducting an economic impact assessment of the three recently established regional concert halls in Latvia while focusing on induced impact. The overall aim of this study has been to calculate the indirect impact of each regional concert hall on its home-economy in 2016 and to analyse the attendee profiles and what their spending habits reveal about each concert hall and its mission fulfilment. During the research, the author has used a quantitative research methodology based on the best practices of economic impact assessment. The main source of data is the attendee survey, which is aimed to find out the attendee profile of three regional concert halls (place of residence, distance covered to arrive to the event, the type of event chosen, the size of the group, use of lodging) and their consumption habits (spending on cafes, indirect spending, spending on souvenirs etc.). The main findings show that induced impact on their home economies is significant. The author has measured the induced impact that stems from non- resident attendee consumption habits in each of the newly constructed concert halls for 2016. The main factors that create divergence in the final induced impact are proximity to Riga, the capital city of Latvia, purchasing power, size of the host city in terms of inhabitants, access to alternative sources of entertainment and the number of years in operation. The distinction between attendee profiles in each of the concert hall creates a great base for further and better targeted attendee attraction.

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Lindwall, Lillemor, and Iréne von Post. "Habits in Perioperative Nursing Culture." Nursing Ethics 15, no. 5 (2008): 670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733008092875.

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This study focuses on investigating habits in perioperative nursing culture, which are often simply accepted and not normally considered or discussed. A hermeneutical approach was chosen as the means of understanding perioperative nurses' experiences of and reflections on operating theatre culture. Focus group discussions were used to collect data, which was analysed using hermeneutical text analysis. The results revealed three main categories of habits present in perioperative nursing culture: habits that promote ethical values (by temporary friendship with patients, showing respect for each other, and spending time on reflection on ethics and caring); habits that hinder progress (by seeing the patient as a surgical case, not acknowledging colleagues, and not talking about ethics); and habits that set the cultural tone (the hidden power structure and achieving more in less time).

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Scaria, Jithin. "The Impact of UPI Payments on Spending Habits and Financial Literacy Among Youth in Wayanad District." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 03 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem42600.

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India has witnessed a significant transformation in its financial ecosystem with the rapid adoption of digital payment systems. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has emerged as a game-changer in financial transactions, particularly among the youth. This study examines the influence of UPI payments on spending behavior and financial literacy among the youth in Wayanad district, Kerala. The research employs a descriptive design with a quantitative approach, utilizing primary data from structured questionnaires. The findings reveal that while UPI has enhanced convenience and financial inclusion, it has also contributed to impulsive spending and decreased savings. The study underscores the need for financial education initiatives to promote responsible digital financial management among youth. Keywords: UPI payments, financial literacy, spending behavior, digital transactions, youth, financial inclusion

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JACOB, PUNNOOSE. "Deep Habits, Price Rigidities, and the Consumption Response to Government Spending." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 47, no. 2-3 (2015): 481–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12183.

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Gamanagatti, Neha Shivkumar, Vaishnavi R, Prof Mr Manohar R, and Dr Sheshappa S. N. "Descriptive Data Analysis of Credit Card Transactions." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 2081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52000.

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Abstract: In the previous decades there was a lot of usage of cash and that was the only way in which people could buy and sell things then came the system of Bank Accounts , Debit Cards and Credit Cards and people got adapted to this new system in this paper we will analyze what difference did the Credit Cards bring in the lives of people and how the usage of credit cards is in different parts of India we will analyze the data to understand the customer spending patterns for promotional campaigns, such as during festivals or holidays, in order to better target customer segments according to city and gender-based spending habits. Analyzes consumer trends and interests by looking at the type of purchases people make based on their gender and city. Detects potential credit card fraud or malicious activity, such as by analysing changes in spending habits or unusual purchases, by city and gender. Allows you to identify the top merchants based on the number of transactions and the value of the transactions

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Gumarac, Madelyn R. "Extent of spending behavior, problems encountered, and financial knowledge across generational cohorts among state universities and colleges employees." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 11, no. 2 (2024): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.02.024.

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This study investigates how financial well-being, a key factor affecting life quality, job contentment, and retirement readiness, varies among individuals. It looks at the spending habits, financial challenges, and knowledge of four generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z) working in four state universities and colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines. The study involved 371 regular staff and academic employees who completed a modified questionnaire. The results showed that these employees generally spend cautiously and face few financial problems, yet they possess considerable financial understanding. There was a noticeable link between how they spend and the problems they face. A strong connection was observed between their financial knowledge and spending habits. However, the link between the financial issues they face and their knowledge of finances was weaker. This suggests that the employees are careful with their spending and have good financial knowledge. These insights are useful for creating specific programs and educational efforts to improve the financial well-being of staff and academics at these Philippine universities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spending habits'

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