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Journal articles on the topic 'Spent catalyst characterization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 July 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Yunes, Simón, Jeffrey Kenvin, and Antonio Gil. "On the Application of an In Situ Catalyst Characterization System (ICCS) and a Mass Spectrometer Detector as Powerful Techniques for the Characterization of Catalysts." Physchem 3, no. 2 (2023): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physchem3020015.

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The in situ characterization of catalysts provides important information on the catalyst and the understanding of its catalytic performance and selectivity for a specific reaction. Temperature programmed analyses (TPX) techniques for catalyst characterization reveal the role of the support on the stabilization and dispersion of the active sites. However, these can be altered at high temperatures since sintering of active species can occur as well as possible carbon deposition which hinders the active species and deactivates the catalyst. The in situ characterization of the spent catalyst, howe

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2

Yunes, Simon, Urim Pearl Kim, Hoang Nguyen, and Jeffrey Kenvin. "Exploiting In-Situ Characterization for a Sabatier Reaction to Reveal Catalytic Details." Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2021): 1157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry3040084.

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In situ characterization of catalysts provides important information on the catalyst and the understanding of its activity and selectivity for a specific reaction. TPX techniques for catalyst characterization reveal the role of the support on the stabilization and dispersion of the active sites. However, these can be altered at high temperature since sintering of active species can occur as well as possible carbon deposition through the Bosch reaction, which hinders the active species and deactivates the catalyst. In situ characterization of the spent catalyst, however, may expose the causes f

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Nagar, Neha, Himanshi Garg, and Chandra Sekhar Gahan. "Characterization of different types of petroleum refinery spent catalyst followed by microbial mediated leaching of metal values." Chemical Reports 3, no. 1 (2021): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/cr.2021.01.002.

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The present study aims for characterization and classification of five different spent petroleum refinery catalysts followed by metal recovery via bioleaching. The nomenclature given to the different spent catalyst (SC) is SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4 and SC5 collected from an Indian petroleum refinery. All spent catalysts were crushed and ground prior to their characterization by X-Ray Fluorescence for chemical composition followed by X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy for their mineralogy. Further, all five spent catalysts were classified based upon

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Saputra, Edy, Panca Setia Utama, Irdoni HS, et al. "Spent Bleaching Earth Supported CeFeO3 Perovskite for Visible Light Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methylene Blue." Journal of Applied Materials and Technology 1, no. 2 (2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jamt.1.2.81-87.

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Dyes substances from the textile industry wastewater are internationally classified as poisonous substances, and they cause a severe threat to humans being and other living things, even at low concentrations. Therefore, this waste has to be treated before discharge to the environment. One of the most effective processes for degrading dyes is photocatalytic oxidation. Two different pretreatments of Spent bleaching earth (SBE) from palm oil refinery plant were applied to produce catalyst supports. The SBEe support was prepared by extraction using n-hexane, SBEc by calcination at 500 oC, and then

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Tsavatopoulou, Vasiliki D., Andriana F. Aravantinou, John Vakros, and Ioannis D. Manariotis. "Conversion of Scenedesmus rubescens Lipid into Biodiesel by Biochar of Different Origin." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (2021): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091116.

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One of the most recent applications studied in recent years is the use of biochar as a catalyst for the conversion of oils into biodiesel. The scope of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of biochars as heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of Scenedesmus rubescens lipids into biodiesel. Biochar from different materials were employed, namely, malt spent rootlets (MSR), coffee spent grounds (CSG), and olive kernels (OK). Materials were charred at two temperatures (400 and 850 °C) in order to examine the effect of pyrolysis temperature. Homogeneous catalysts such as sulfuric acid and s

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Kliewer, C. E., M. M. Disko, S. L. Soled, and G. J. DeMartin. "A Reactor for “Ex-Situ” TEM Catalyst Characterization." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600017955.

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The microstructural and chemical characterization of catalysts is not only integral to their initial development but also to understanding and controlling their behavior over time. To better elucidate the morphology of these materials and relate physical properties to catalytic properties (e.g., activity, selectivity, etc.), “ex-situ” methods for studying catalysts under reactive conditions have been developed.Because conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) is conducted under high vacuum conditions, it is difficult to replicate the exact chemical environment of a catalyst (e.g., h

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Yong, Xiaojing, Hui Su, Nana Zhao, Zhengwei Jin, Min Yao, and Yulong Ma. "Xylene and n-Hexane Adsorption Performance of a Waste Methanol-to-Propylene Catalyst under Acid-Base Treatment." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (2022): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091028.

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Spent methanol-to-propylene (MTP) catalysts have a large specific surface area and high porosity but are usually directly disposed of in landfills, and recycling is rare. In this study, spent MTP catalyst was moderately dealuminized with acids and etched with an alkali solvent to increase its specific surface area. A novel adsorbent was obtained. XRD, SEM, FT-IR, XRD, XRF, and MAS-NMR characterization shows that the adsorbent maintains a typical ZSM-5 zeolite structure, and the dealumination effect of H2C2O4 is better than that of HCl. HCl mainly removes the framework aluminum of the molecular

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8

Esla, Jaggu D., Abdulsalami S. Kovo, Zakariyah Abdullahi Abiodun, and Kamaldeen Olayinka Suleiman. "Thermal and Structural Characterization of Coke Deposition on Spent NiMo Catalyst Used During Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 12 (2024): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i121336.

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Catalyst deactivation has become a major concern in the refining industry globally. The deactivation of hydroprocessing catalyst by coke deposition reduces its useful life, the on-stream time of the process involved and the profitability of upgrading heavy oils to useful products. There are various methods used in thermal and structural characterization but for the purpose of this research journal, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were carried out on both fresh and spent NiMo catalyst. The TGA re

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9

Stellato, Michael J., Giada Innocenti, Andreas S. Bommarius, and Carsten Sievers. "Pore Blocking by Phenolates as Deactivation Path during the Cracking of 4-Propylphenol over ZSM-5." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (2021): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060721.

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Cracking of propyl side chains from 4-propylphenol, a model compound for lignin monomers, is studied for a commercial ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The decline of 4-propylphenol conversion with time on stream can be delayed by co-feeding water. FTIR spectroscopy shows the formation of chemisorbed phenolates during reactions and significant amounts of phenolics are detected by GC-MS of the extract from the spent catalysts. Thus, chemisorbed phenolates are identified as the main reason for deactivation in the absence of water. Regardless of the amount of co-fed water, substituted monoaromatics and pol

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10

Alharbi, Walaa, Khadijah H. Alharbi, L. Selva Roselin, R. Savidha, and Rosilda Selvin. "Nanosized Silica-Supported 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid: A Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Alkylation of p-Cresol with tert-Butanol." Catalysts 13, no. 11 (2023): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13111432.

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12-Tungstophosphoric acid supported on nanosilica (TPA/SiO2) was employed as a catalyst for the tertiary butylation of p-cresol using tertiary butanol as an alkylating agent. The TPA/SiO2 catalyst was synthesized using the wet impregnation method followed by steaming at 150 °C for 6 h. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The surface acidity of the untreated and steamed catalysts was characterized via FTIR and DSC thermal analysis using pyridine as a probe molecule. The fresh and spent catalysts were character

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11

Al-Doghachi, Faris A. J., Ali F. A. Jassim, and Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. "Enhancement of CO2 Reforming of CH4 Reaction Using Ni,Pd,Pt/Mg1−xCex4+O and Ni/Mg1−xCex4+O Catalysts." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (2020): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111240.

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Catalysts Ni/Mg1−xCex4+O and Ni,Pd,Pt/Mg1−xCex4+O were developed using the co-precipitation–impregnation methods. Catalyst characterization took place using XRD, H2-TPR, XRF, XPS, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), TGA TEM, and FE-SEM. Testing the catalysts for the dry reforming of CH4 took place at temperatures of 700–900 °C. Findings from this study revealed a higher CH4 and CO2 conversion using the tri-metallic Ni,Pd,Pt/Mg1−xCex4+O catalyst in comparison with Ni monometallic systems in the whole temperature ranges. The catalyst Ni,Pd,Pt/Mg0.85Ce4+0.15O also reported an elevated activity level (C

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12

Fakeeha, Anis H., Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Ahmed I. Osman, et al. "Advancements in Methane Dry Reforming: Investigating Nickel–Zeolite Catalysts Enhanced by Promoter Integration." Processes 12, no. 9 (2024): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12091826.

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A promising method for converting greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 into useful syngas is the dry reformation of methane (DRM). 5Ni-ZSM-5 and 2 wt.% Ce, Cs, Sr, Fe, and Cu-promoted 5Ni-ZSM-5 catalysts are investigated for the DRM at 700 °C under atmospheric pressure. The characterization, including XRD, TPR, TPD, TPO, N2 adsorption–desorption, TGA, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy, revealed that the catalyst’s active sites are distributed throughout the pore channels and on the surface, contributing to the stability of the catalyst. Specifically, the CO2-TPO followed by the O2-TPO experiment usi

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13

Chen, Xiaopeng, Lu Ren, Muhammad Yaseen, et al. "Synthesis, characterization and activity performance of nickel-loaded spent FCC catalyst for pine gum hydrogenation." RSC Advances 9, no. 12 (2019): 6515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07943a.

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14

Zhang, Tao, Shi Jie Zhou, Qiang Wei, Ting Ting Liu, Wen Wu Zhou, and Ya Song Zhou. "Comparative Study on Hydrotreating of Venezuela De-Asphalted Oil: Conversion Behavior of Heteroatom Compounds and HDM Catalyst Deactivation." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.320.

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A 1000 hour hydrotreating experiment was performed to investigate the hydrotreating behavior of heteroatom compounds (first stage) and HDM catalyst deactivation (second stage) using Venezuela De-Asphalted Oil. The effect of reaction severity on impurities removal was the expected one, the deeper the hydrotreating degree, the higher the conversion of impurities. The Characterization of spent HDM catalyst shows that the content of coke deposition on spent HDM catalyst is only 4 wt% while that of metal is more than 30 wt%. Vanadium compounds in DAO with less diffusion resistance can deposit insid

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15

Qu, Wen Wen, Wen Jin, Jin Hui Peng, and Shu Yang. "Structural Characterization of ZnO/AC Composite Prepared from Spent Catalyst of Vinyl Acetate Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3483.

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ZnO/AC composite was prepared from spent catalyst of vinyl acetate synthesis by using conventional thermal treatment under CO2 atmosphere. The final composite was obtained with the operating conditions of activation temperature of 950°C, activation time of 120min and the CO2 flow rate of 600ml/min. The structure and surface properties of the ZnO/AC composite were observed and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the UV diffuse reflectance spectra. It was found that the zinc acetate present in the s

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16

Wang, Guangjian, Kai Lu, Chaoqun Yin та ін. "One-Step Fabrication of PtSn/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts with La Post-Modification for Propane Dehydrogenation". Catalysts 10, № 9 (2020): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091042.

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The catalytic dehydrogenation of propane to propene is an alternative technique to supplement the traditional steam cracking and catalytic cracking process for satisfying the continuously increasing demand for propylene downstream products. In this study, the parent PtSn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was fabricated via the one-step method for the subsequent La post-modification to prepare the catalysts for propane dehydrogenation. The prepared and spent catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), NH3 temperature-programmed desorptio

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17

Zakariyaou, Seybou Yacouba, Hua Ye, Abdoulaye Dan Makaou Oumarou, Mamane Souley Abdoul Aziz, and Shixian Ke. "Characterization of Equilibrium Catalysts from the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process of Atmospheric Residue." Catalysts 13, no. 12 (2023): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13121483.

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In the FCC conversion of heavy petroleum fractions as atmospheric residues, the main challenge for refiners to achieve the quantity and quality of various commercial products depends essentially on the catalyst used in the process. A deep characterization of the catalyst at different steps of the process (fresh, regenerated, and spent catalyst) was investigated to study the catalyst’s behavior including the physicochemical evolution, the deactivation factor, and kinetic–thermodynamic parameters. All samples were characterized using various spectroscopy methods such as N2 adsorption–desorption,

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18

Xiao, Yan, Jie Li, Yuan Tan, et al. "Ni-Based Hydrotalcite (HT)-Derived Cu Catalysts for Catalytic Conversion of Bioethanol to Butanol." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914859.

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived ethanol into n-butanol through Guerbet coupling reaction has become one of the key reactions in biomass valorization, thus attracting significant attention recently. Herein, a series of supported Cu catalysts derived from Ni-based hydrotalcite (HT) were prepared and performed in the continuous catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol. Among the prepared catalysts, Cu/NiAlOx shows the best performance in terms of butanol selectivity and catalyst stability, with a sustained ethanol conversion of ~35% and butanol selectivity of 25% in a time-on-stream (

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19

Zhang, Guoqiang, Jinyu Qin, Yuan Zhou, Huayan Zheng, and Fanhui Meng. "Catalytic Performance for CO Methanation over Ni/MCM-41 Catalyst in a Slurry-Bed Reactor." Catalysts 13, no. 3 (2023): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13030598.

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The Ni-based catalyst has been intensively studied for CO methanation. Here, MCM-41 is selected as support to prepare xNi/MCM-41 catalysts with various Ni contents and the catalytic performance for CO methanation in a slurry-bed reactor is investigated under different reaction conditions. The CO conversion gradually increases as the reaction temperature or pressure rises. As the Ni content increases, the specific surface area and pore volume of xNi/MCM-41 catalysts decrease, the crystallite sizes of metallic Ni increase, while the metal surface area and active Ni atom numbers firstly increase

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20

Mohamed, L. K., S. A. Shaban, and F. Y. El-Kady. "Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characterization of Spent Catalyst." Petroleum Science and Technology 28, no. 3 (2010): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903058103.

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21

Dash, Barsha, Indra Narayan Bhattacharya, Bhaskara Venkata Ramanamurthy, and Raja Kishore Paramguru. "Preparation and characterization of molybdenum trioxide from spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 28, no. 7 (2011): 1546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0005-9.

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22

Khan, Wasim Ullah, Mohammad Rizwan Khan, Rosa Busquets, and Naushad Ahmad. "Contribution of Oxide Supports in Nickel-Based Catalytic Elimination of Greenhouse Gases and Generation of Syngas." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217324.

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Carbon dioxide and/or dry methane reforming serves as an effective pathway to mitigate these greenhouse gases. This work evaluates different oxide supports including alumina, Y-zeolite and H-ZSM-5 zeolite for the catalysis of dry reforming methane with Nickel (Ni). The composite catalysts were prepared by impregnating the supports with Ni (5%) and followed by calcination. The zeolite supported catalysts exhibited more reducibility and basicity compared to the alumina supported catalysts, this was assessed with temperature programmed reduction using hydrogen and desorption using carbon dioxide.

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23

Sophiana, Intan Clarissa, Ferry Iskandar, Hary Devianto, Norikazu Nishiyama, and Yogi Wibisono Budhi. "Coke-Resistant Ni/CeZrO2 Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane to Produce Hydrogen-Rich Syngas." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (2022): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091556.

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Dry reforming of methane was studied over high-ratio zirconia in ceria-zirconia-mixed oxide-supported Ni catalysts. The catalyst was synthesized using co-precipitation and impregnation methods. The effects of the catalyst support and Ni composition on the physicochemical characteristics and performance of the catalysts were investigated. Characterization of the physicochemical properties was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, H2-TPR, and CO2-TPD. The results of the activity and stability evaluations of the synthesized catalysts over a period of 240 min at a temperature

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24

Loe, Ryan, Kelsey Huff, Morgan Walli, et al. "Effect of Pt Promotion on the Ni-Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Tristearin to Fuel-Like Hydrocarbons." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020200.

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Pt represents an effective promoter of supported Ni catalysts in the transformation of tristearin to green diesel via decarbonylation/decarboxylation (deCOx), conversion increasing from 2% over 20% Ni/Al2O3 to 100% over 20% Ni-0.5% Pt/Al2O3 at 260 °C. Catalyst characterization reveals that the superior activity of Ni-Pt relative to Ni-only catalysts is not a result of Ni particle size effects or surface area differences, but rather stems from several other phenomena, including the improved reducibility of NiO when Pt is present. Indeed, the addition of a small amount of Pt to the supported Ni

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RANA, M., J. ANCHEYTA, S. MAITY, and P. RAYO. "Heavy crude oil hydroprocessing: A zeolite-based CoMo catalyst and its spent catalyst characterization." Catalysis Today 130, no. 2-4 (2008): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.10.106.

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Frontera, Patrizia, Anastasia Macario, Angela Malara, et al. "Trimetallic Ni-Based Catalysts over Gadolinia-Doped Ceria for Green Fuel Production." Catalysts 8, no. 10 (2018): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8100435.

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The present work concerns the characterization of trimetallic nickel catalysts, NiMoRe (Nickel/Molybdenum/Rhenium), NiMoCu (Nickel/Molybdenum/Copper) and NiMoCo (Nickel/Molybdenum/Cobalt), supported on gadolinia-doped ceria and the evaluation of their catalytic performance in the auto-thermal reforming of ethanol to hydrogen. Catalysts have been prepared by wet impregnation and characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, TG-DSC, TEM, CHNS, H2-TPR and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The resistance of Ni-alloy catalysts to the carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning has been studied. All catalysts show a similar be

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27

Henni, Hayat, Rafik Benrabaa, Pascal Roussel, and Axel Löfberg. "Ni-Ag Catalysts for Hydrogen Production through Dry Reforming of Methane: Characterization and Performance Evaluation." Catalysts 14, no. 7 (2024): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14070400.

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To investigate the influence of Ag and the loading of Ni species, Ni-Ag type catalysts were synthesized with varying Ni/Ag ratios (1, 1.5 and 2) using the coprecipitation method. The catalysts were extensively characterized using various techniques such as TG-DSC-SM, XRD, ICP, BET, SEM-EDX and TPR and subsequently tested in the CH4/CO2 reaction without any pretreatment. Regardless of the ratio employed, a phase mixture containing NiO and Ag was observed after calcination under air between 600 °C and 1200 °C. SEM analysis confirmed the presence of a close interface between Ag and NiO. The speci

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Al-Iessa, Murtadha S., Bashir Y. Al-Zaidi, Riaydh S. Almukhtar, Zaidoon M. Shakor, and Ihsan Hamawand. "Optimization of Polypropylene Waste Recycling Products as Alternative Fuels through Non-Catalytic Thermal and Catalytic Hydrocracking Using Fresh and Spent Pt/Al2O3 and NiMo/Al2O3 Catalysts." Energies 16, no. 13 (2023): 4871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16134871.

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In this work, the conversion of waste polypropylene to alternative fuels (liquid and gas) was performed through non-catalytic thermal and catalytic hydrocracking over NiMo/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3 catalysts. The process was carried out in an autoclave batch reactor at a temperature of 450 °C and a pressure of 20 bar, which were selected based on experimental optimization. The spent catalyst was also successfully regenerated at 700 °C under a hot airflow. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions to completely separate the deactivated catalyst from the solid residue easily. The r

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Liu, Jinbao, Ke Xia, and Fen Zhang. "Enhancing Propane Dehydrogenation Performance on Cerium-Modified PtSnIn/Al Trimetallic Catalysts." Catalysts 15, no. 5 (2025): 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15050506.

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The effects of Ce incorporation into trimetallic PtSnIn-supported catalysts were investigated for a propane dehydrogenation reaction with advanced characterization techniques. It was found that some Ce species exist in the form of CeAlO3 on the reduced PtSnIn/xCe-Al catalyst, significantly enhancing the thermal stability of the alumina support. The NH3-TPD measurements verified that the total acidity of the PtSnIn/xCe-Al catalysts decreases with the addition of Ce. The PtSnIn/1.5Ce-Al catalyst exhibits the optimal particle distribution with the smallest Pt particle size of 8.0 nm, which was re

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Sokolova, Yu V., I. S. Belkina, and T. A. Sviridova. "Characterization of the spent industrial catalyst Co-Mo/Al2O3 for fine hydrotreatment of diesel fuel." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 19, no. 5 (2019): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2019-5-375-381.

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Physicochemical properties of the spent industrial catalyst Co-Mo/Al2O3 for hydrotreatment of diesel fuel were studied. IR, TG, DTA and SEM techniques were used to establish that the catalyst surface is covered uniformly by a coke film; the soft coke consists predominantly of a mixture of slightly branched saturated hydrocarbons. Coke is oxidized at 190–375 °C (soft coke) and 375–525 °C (hard coke) and was removed quantitatively by calcining in air at 550 °C for 3 hours. XRD and SEM techniques, low temperature nitrogen adsorption, and chemical analysis were used to demonstrate considerable cha

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A. Ibrahim, Ahmed, Ashraf Amin, Ahmed S. Al-Fatesh, et al. "Nanosized Ni/SBA-15 Catalysts for CO2 Reforming of CH4." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (2019): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091926.

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Ni, Co, and Co–Ni bimetallic catalysts supported over SBA-15 and over SBA-15 doped with Zn or Ce oxides were prepared and tested in a methane dry reforming reaction. The loading of the metals in the catalyst was 5 wt % for either mono or bimetallic catalysts. The prepared catalysts were tested in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor at 800 °C under atmospheric pressure. XRD, TPR, TPD, and SEM characterization techniques were employed to investigate the catalytic properties of fresh catalysts. SEM and TGA were used to study the catalytic properties of spent catalysts. A remarkable effect on the

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32

Cruz-Ortiz, Brenda R., Lourdes Díaz-Jiménez, and Dora A. Cortés-Hernández. "Characterization and Biotechnological Clean-up Process of a TiO2 Spent Catalyst." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 7, no. 7 (2016): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2016.7.7.825.

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33

Srour, Hawraa, Nadia Guignard, Mehrad Tarighi, et al. "Regeneration of an Aged Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst by Non-Thermal Plasma: Characterization of Refractory Coke Molecules." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101153.

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This study describes the phenomena involved during the regeneration of an aged industrial hydrodesulfurization catalyst (CoMoP/Al2O3) using a non-thermal plasma at a low temperature (200 °C). The changes occurring during regeneration were studied by characterizing spent, partially, and fully regenerated catalysts by XRD, Raman, TEM spectroscopy, and the coke deposited on the catalyst surface by Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI TOF/MS). The coke is a mixture of several polycyclic molecules, the heaviest with a coronene backbone, containing up to seven sulfur ato

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Sajad, Mehran, Roman Bulánek, and Stanislav Šlang. "Physico-Chemical Changes in the KCl-MgCl2/La-FAU Composite Catalyst Induced by Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane." Catalysts 11, no. 3 (2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11030392.

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In this research, a binary eutectic composition of KCl and MgCl2 supported over lanthanum exchanged FAU (faujasite) zeolite has been investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane. The catalyst was prepared by the thermal treatment of La-FAU with a mechanical mixture of alkali chlorides under a flow of helium at 500 °C. The eutectic mixture of alkali chlorides formed at this temperature and a molten layer were spread over the support. Synthesized fresh and spent catalysts were characterized to obtain information about changes in crystallinity, textural properties, phase content

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Yang, Shuangxia, Yu Li, Lei Chen, et al. "Catalytic Steam-Reforming of Glycerol over LDHs-Derived Ni-Al Nanosheet Array Catalysts for Stable Hydrogen Production." Catalysts 13, no. 7 (2023): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13071047.

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In the present work, LDHs–derived Ni–Al nanosheet arrays (NiAl/NA) were successfully synthesized via a one–step hydrothermal method, and applied in the steam-reforming of glycerol reaction for enhanced and stable hydrogen production. The physicochemical properties of catalysts were characterized using various techniques, including XRD, SEM–EDS, XPS, N2–physisorption, Raman, and TG–DTG. The results indicate that smooth and cross–linked Ni–Al mixed metal oxide nanosheets were orderly and perpendicularly grown on the Ni foam substrate. The SEM line scan characterization reveals the metal concentr

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Pala-Rosas, Israel, José Luis Contreras, José Salmones, et al. "Effects of the Acidic and Textural Properties of Y-Type Zeolites on the Synthesis of Pyridine and 3-Picoline from Acrolein and Ammonia." Catalysts 13, no. 4 (2023): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040652.

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A set of Y-type zeolites with Si/Al atomic ratios between 7–45 were studied as catalysts in the aminocyclization reaction between acrolein and ammonia to produce pyridine and 3-picoline. The catalytic activity tests at 360 °C revealed that the acrolein conversion increased in the order Z45 < ZY34 < ZY7 < ZY17, in agreement with the increase of the total acidity per gram of catalyst. In all cases, pyridine bases and cracking products (acetaldehyde and formaldehyde) were detected in the outflow from the reactor. The total yield of pyridines was inversely proportional to the total acidit

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Ahmed, Hamid, Amal BaQais, Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali, et al. "Revolutionizing Hydrogen Production: Unveiling the Role of Liquid Metals in Methane Pyrolysis over Iron Catalysts Supported on Titanium Dioxide and Alumina." Catalysts 15, no. 7 (2025): 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070631.

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Catalytic methane decomposition offers an attractive and sustainable pathway for producing COx-free hydrogen and valuable carbon nanotubes. This work investigates the innovative use of liquid metals, particularly gallium and indium, as promoters for iron catalysts based on a titanium dioxide and alumina composite to improve this process even more. In a fixed-bed reactor operating at 800 °C and atmospheric pressure, all catalyst activities for methane decomposition were thoroughly assessed while keeping the gas hourly space velocity at 6 L/g h. Surface area and porosity, H2-temperature programm

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Istadi, Istadi, Teguh Riyanto, Didi Dwi Anggoro, Cokorda Satrya Pramana, and Amalia Rizqi Ramadhani. "High Acidity and Low Carbon-Coke Formation Affinity of Co-Ni/ZSM-5 Catalyst for Renewable Liquid Fuels Production through Simultaneous Cracking-Deoxygenation of Palm Oil." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 18, no. 2 (2023): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.17974.

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This study investigates the effect of chemically doped Co and Ni metals on ZSM-5 catalyst with respect to the catalysts’ characteristics and performance for palm oil cracking. Some characterization methods have been conducted to identify the physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), N2-physisorption, NH3- and CO2-probed Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD) methods. The deposited carbon-coke on the spent catalysts is analysed using simultaneous thermal gravimetric – differential scanning cal

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Miao, Kai, Tan Li, Jing Su, Cong Wang, and Kaige Wang. "Mechanistic Insights into Hydrodeoxygenation of Acetone over Mo/HZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalyst for the Production of Hydrocarbons." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010053.

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Catalytic hydropyrolysis via the introduction of external hydrogen into catalytic pyrolysis process using hydrodeoxygenation catalysts is one of the major approaches of bio-oil upgrading. In this study, hydrodeoxygenation of acetone over Mo/HZSM-5 and HZSM-5 were investigated with focus on the influence of hydrogen pressure and catalyst deactivation. It is found that doped MoO3 could prolong the catalyst activity due to the suppression of coke formation. The influence of hydrogen pressure on catalytic HDO of acetone was further studied. Hydrogen pressure of 30 bar effectively prolonged catalys

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Charry, Iran David, Lina María González, and Consuelo Montes de Correa. "Characterization by temperature programmed techniques of spent and acid treated vanadium catalysts." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 57 (February 28, 2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14641.

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Spent samples of V2O5/SiO2-γAl2O3 catalyst used for H2SO4 production were acid treated to recover vanadium. Fresh, spent, and acid treated samples were characterized by temperature-programmed techniques: TPR-H2, TPO-O2, TPD-NH3 and, TGA-DTA in order to determine the effect of deactivating species on vanadium recovery. DRX and UV-Vis techniques were used to confirm several signals from the temperature-programmed profiles. The results suggest that vanadium sulfovanadates and oxides in treated samples strongly interact with the support making it difficult to get more than 86% vanadium recovery.

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Huseynova, G. A., G. A. Gasimova, N. M. Aliyeva, and S. N. Osmanova. "Technological Features of Producing High-Index Oils in the Alkylation Process." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 27, no. 2 (2025): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj1662.

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This article presents the results of studies on key technological parameters-namely temperature and the use of modified ZSM-5 catalysts with Zr and Fe-in the alkylation process aimed at producing high-viscosity-index oils. The development of novel modified catalyst compositions exhibiting high activity in alkylation, to enhance oil viscosity indices to meet global standards, holds significant scientific and practical importance. Modified catalysts based on ZSM-5 zeolite incorporating ZrO2 and Fe2O3 (ZSM-5-ZrO2 and ZSM-5-Fe2O3), along with their regenerated forms after use in alkylation, were e

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Abdulkarim Abdulrahman Mohamed Suliman, Ruzinah Isha, Mazrul Nizam Abu Seman, and Abdul Latif Ahmad. "Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 and palm oil fiber ash hybrid photocatalysts for seawater pretreatment." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 2, no. 3 (2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v2i3.245035.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been used in various applications such as air purification, water purification, and photoelectrochemical conversion systems. However, developing advanced materials with enhanced performance for catalytic applications, especially water treatment, is highly required. This work aims to study the effect of (TiO2) photocatalyst in pretreatment seawater desalination. The catalyst with a mass ratio of TiO2: palm oil fibre ash (POFA) at 0:100, 40:60, 60:40, and 100:0 was synthesized via wet impregnation. The catalyst was calcined at 500 ℃ for four hours. The mixture of arti

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Wanta, Kevin Cleary, Felisha Hapsari Tanujaya, Federick Dwi Putra, et al. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL HYDROXIDE FROM EXTRACTION SOLUTION OF SPENT CATALYST." Metalurgi 35, no. 3 (2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/metalurgi.v35i3.572.

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Nickel is an essential metal element and is applied in various sectors. One of the useful nickel–based derivatives products is nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH)2]. This compound is widely applied as raw material for electrodes of rechargeable batteries, capacitors, electrolyzers, and catalysts. This study focuses on the synthesis of Ni(OH)2 using the hydroxide precipitation method. A solution from the extraction process of spent catalysts was used as a precursor solution. After the precursor solution was obtained, the precipitation process was carried out at pH 10, where the operating temperature was v

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PATNAIK, Pinak, Avijit BISWAL, Bankim Chandra TRIPATHY, et al. "Synthesis and characterization of fibrous nickel hydroxide obtained from spent nickel catalyst." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23, no. 10 (2013): 2977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(13)62823-x.

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Zeuthen, Per, Barry H. Cooper, Fred T. Clark, and David Arters. "Characterization and Deactivation Studies of Spent Resid Catalyst from Ebullating Bed Service." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 34, no. 3 (1995): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00042a007.

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Lei, Tianqi, Hongyao Guo, Changxi Miao, Weiming Hua, Yinghong Yue, and Zi Gao. "Mn-doped CeO2 Nanorod Supported Au Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Ethane with CO2." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020119.

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Dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene was investigated in the presence of CO2 over Au catalyst supported on an Mn-doped ceria nanorod. The activity can be greatly enhanced by proper Mn doping. Mn was found to preferentially occupy defect sites or surface sites of ceria, resulting in the formation of extra oxide ions. Characterization results indicated that the reducible oxygen species related to ceria might play a vital role in the dehydrogenation. The addition of CO2 improved the stability of the catalysts remarkably, since CO2 can sustainably replenish the reducible oxygen species and elimin

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Widi Astuti, Mutia Dewi Yuniati, Aulia Pertiwi Tri Yuda, et al. "Nickel recovery from nickel-containing spent catalyst using atmospheric leaching and oxalate precipitation." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 19, no. 1 (2025): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.17589.

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A study has been done to investigate and optimize the recovery of nickel from nickel-containing spent catalyst through sulfuric acid (1 - 2 mol/L) atmospheric leaching in different operation conditions. From the leaching experiments, it was possible to extract 77.95% nickel under the conditions of 2 mol/L H2SO4, reaction time of 5 h, 5% pulp density, and temperature of 80°C. In the next step Ni was selectively precipitated from a sulfuric acid-leached solution using 1 mol/L oxalic acid. The nickel content in the product was 97.29% Ni. Based on the study, sulfuric acid was found to be a suitabl

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Zhang, Yuan, Hai Sheng Yan, Rui Huang, Quan Yin, Shu Jie Ren та Wei Chang Xu. "Regeneration of CuZnO_x/γ-Al₂O₃ as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in CWPO Process". Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (травень 2011): 1437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1437.

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This paper evaluates the catalytic effectiveness of CuZnOx/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for the degradation of an azo dye, acid red GR, using H2O2 as an oxidant, under very mild conditions (atmospheric pressure and t = 40 ). In the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) process, the results show that it is possible to remove 80% of COD during the initial 30 h. But a considerable drop of catalytic activity is found after prolonged run. As characterization datas shown, the deactivation of the catalyst is caused by the depositon of intermediates on the surface and serious coverage of the active sites. Howev

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Moschovi, Anastasia Maria, Mattia Giuliano, Marios Kourtelesis, et al. "First of Its Kind Automotive Catalyst Prepared by Recycled PGMs-Catalytic Performance." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080942.

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The production of new automotive catalytic converters requires the increase of the quantity of Platinum Group Metals in order to deal with the strict emission standards that are imposed for vehicles. The use of PGMs coming from the recycling of spent autocatalysts could greatly reduce the cost of catalyst production for the automotive industry. This paper presents the synthesis of novel automotive Three-Way Catalysts (PLTWC, Pd/Rh = 55/5, 60 gPGMs/ft3) and diesel oxidation catalysts (PLDOC, Pt/Pd = 3/1, 110 gPGMs/ft3) from recovered PGMs, without further refinement steps. The catalysts were ch

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Sumarasingha, Wassachol, Somsak Supasitmongkol, and Monrudee Phongaksorn. "The Effect of ZrO2 as Different Components of Ni-Based Catalysts for CO2 Reforming of Methane and Combined Steam and CO2 Reforming of Methane on Catalytic Performance with Coke Formation." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (2021): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080984.

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The role of ZrO2 as different components in Ni-based catalysts for CO2 reforming of methane (CRM) has been investigated. The 10 wt.% Ni supported catalysts were prepared with ZrO2 as a support using a co-impregnation method. As a promoter (1 wt.% ZrO2) and a coactive component (10 wt.% ZrO2), the catalysts with ZrO2 were synthesized using a co-impregnation method. To evaluate the effect of the interaction, the Ni catalyst with ZrO2 as a coactive component was prepared by a sequential impregnation method. The results revealed that the activity, the selectivity, and the anti-coking ability of th

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