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Journal articles on the topic 'Spent catalytic cracking catalyst'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 September 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Wang, Chuansheng, Xiaolong Tian, Baishun Zhao, Lin Zhu, and Shaoming Li. "Experimental Study on Spent FCC Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking Process of Waste Tires." Processes 7, no. 6 (2019): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7060335.

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Research on the synergistic high-value reuse of waste tires and used catalysts in spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts was carried out in this study to address the serious ecological and environmental problems caused by waste tires and spent FCC catalysts. The experiment, in which a spent FCC catalyst was applied to the catalytic cracking of waste tires, fully utilized the residual activity of the spent FCC catalyst and was compared with a waste tire pyrolysis experiment. The comparative experimental results indicated that the spent FCC catalyst could improve the cracking efficiency

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2

Sun, D., X. Z. Li, M. Brungs, and D. Trimm. "Encapsulation of heavy metals on spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (1998): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0625.

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Vanadium and nickel were found as major contaminants on spent FCC catalyst at levels of 3518 ppm and 3225 ppm, respectively. XPS results indicated that vanadium and nickel were in oxide form on spent FCC catalysts. Leaching tests (TCLP) showed that vanadium from spent FCC catalysts poses an environmental problem if disposed by landfill. It was found that encapsulation treatment with up to 60 wt % spent FCC catalyst in Portland cement, is an effective means of stabilization. The strength of standard specimens containing catalyst was much lower than that of standard specimens made with same weig

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Fu, Haihui, Yan Chen, Tingting Liu, Xuemei Zhu, Yufei Yang, and Haitao Song. "Research on Hazardous Waste Removal Management: Identification of the Hazardous Characteristics of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Spent Catalysts." Molecules 26, no. 8 (2021): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082289.

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Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalysts are the most common catalysts produced by the petroleum refining industry in China. The National Hazardous Waste List (2016 edition) lists FCC spent catalysts as hazardous waste, but this listing is very controversial in the petroleum refining industry. This study collects samples of waste catalysts from seven domestic catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivation agents and identifies their hazardous characteristics. FCC spent catalysts do not have the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or infectivity. Based

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Nasution, A. S., and E. Jasjfi. "THE MANAGEMENT OF SPENT CATALYST IN RCC/FCC UNITS IN ASEAN REFINERIES." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 28, no. 3 (2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.28.3.1041.

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Catalytic cracking processes convert heavy feed- stock (heavy distillate, residue) into gasoline and light cycle stock for middle distillate components. Due to high impurity of feedstock and limited operating condition of catalyst regeneration, fresh catalyst must be added to replace a portion of spent catalyst continously, to maintain the activity of equilibrium catalyst in the reactor. Spent catalyst must be disposed properly so that it does not cause hazard or environmental concern. A survey was conducted on the management of spent catalyst in RCC/FCC unit in ASEAN refineries as an ASCOPE T

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Musa, Mohd Lukman, Ramli Mat, and Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah. "Catalytic Conversion of Residual Palm Oil in Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) By HZSM-5 Zeolite based-Catalysts." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 13, no. 3 (2018): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.3.1929.456-465.

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Bleaching earth is used to remove colour, phospholipids, oxidized products, metals and residual gums in the palm oil process refinery. Once adsorption process end, the spent bleaching earth (SBE) which contains approximately 20-40 wt. % of the adsorbed oil was usually disposed to landfills. The oil content in SBE was recovered by catalytic cracking using transition metal (Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni) doped HZSM-5 zeolite in a batch reactor (pyrolysis zone) and fixed bed reactor (catalyst bed). The 5 wt. % of each metallic was introduced in HZSM-5 zeolite using incipient wetness impregnation method. The

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Al-Zubaidi, Isam, and Congning Yang. "Waste Management of Spent Petroleum Refinery Catalyst." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 8 (2020): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.8.1929.

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Petroleum refinery uses many catalysts such as hydroprocessing catalyst HPC, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst FCCC, reforming catalyst RC, etc. During the refining processes, the catalysts are deactivated; the spent catalysts are regarded as hazardous toxic materials due to heavy metals, coke, other poisonous compounds, and hydrocarbons. Huge amount of spent catalysts SC is generated which is expected to increase with expansion capacities of available refineries processes. This paper is reviewing the mechanisms of refining catalyst and the deactivation processes and focusing on spent catalyst

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Al-Zubaidi, Isam, and Congning Yang. "Waste Management of Spent Petroleum Refinery Catalyst." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 8 (2020): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.8.1929.

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Petroleum refinery uses many catalysts such as hydroprocessing catalyst HPC, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst FCCC, reforming catalyst RC, etc. During the refining processes, the catalysts are deactivated; the spent catalysts are regarded as hazardous toxic materials due to heavy metals, coke, other poisonous compounds, and hydrocarbons. Huge amount of spent catalysts SC is generated which is expected to increase with expansion capacities of available refineries processes. This paper is reviewing the mechanisms of refining catalyst and the deactivation processes and focusing on spent catalyst

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8

Istadi, Istadi, Luqman Buchori, Didi Dwi Anggoro, et al. "Effects of Ion Exchange Process on Catalyst Activity and Plasma-Assisted Reactor Toward Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, no. 2 (2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.2.4257.459-467.

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Biofuels can be produced through a conventional catalytic cracking system and/or a hybrid catalytic-plasma cracking system. This paper was focused on studying effect of Na+ ion exchange to HY-Zeolite catalyst on catalyst performance to convert palm oil into biofuels over a conventional continuous fixed bed catalytic cracking reactor and comparing the catalytic cracking performance when carried out in a continuous hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Bruneuer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area methods. The biofuels product were analyzed u

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Wang, Guangjian, Kai Lu, Chaoqun Yin та ін. "One-Step Fabrication of PtSn/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts with La Post-Modification for Propane Dehydrogenation". Catalysts 10, № 9 (2020): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091042.

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The catalytic dehydrogenation of propane to propene is an alternative technique to supplement the traditional steam cracking and catalytic cracking process for satisfying the continuously increasing demand for propylene downstream products. In this study, the parent PtSn/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was fabricated via the one-step method for the subsequent La post-modification to prepare the catalysts for propane dehydrogenation. The prepared and spent catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), NH3 temperature-programmed desorptio

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Chen, Xiaopeng, Lu Ren, Muhammad Yaseen, et al. "Synthesis, characterization and activity performance of nickel-loaded spent FCC catalyst for pine gum hydrogenation." RSC Advances 9, no. 12 (2019): 6515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07943a.

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Janowska-Renkas, Elżbieta, Michał Cisiński, and Paweł Niewiadomski. "The possibility of partial substitution of cement in cement mortars with the use of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst from polish oil refinery: mechanical performances and impact of the addition of superplasticizer." Inżynieria i Budownictwo LXXX, no. 4 (2024): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6405.

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This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of spent catalytic cracking catalyst derived from polish oil refinery used as a partial replacement of cement (in the amount of 20, 40, 60 and 80% of cement mass) in the binder on the mechanical strength of cement mortars, prepared without and with superplasticizer. It was shown that the replacement of 20% of cement, by mass, with spent catalyst increased the compressive strength of mortars without and with superplasticizer dosage by 16.7% and 24.4%, respectively, and did not deteriorate the flexural strength of samples prepared with sup

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Niewiadomski, Paweł, Elżbieta Janowska-Renkas, and Michał Cisiński. "The impact of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst on the selected mechanical and physical performances of cement mortars." Inżynieria i Budownictwo LXXX, no. 6 (2024): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.7483.

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This paper presents the results of research aimed for evaluating the impact of applicability of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst as a substitute of 20, 40, 60 and 80% of cement, by mass, in cement mortars on their selected mechanical and physical performances. It was demonstrated that substitution of 20% of cement mass with spent catalyst enhanced mortar’s compressive strength for 16.7%. Further addition of spent catalyst tended to decrease strength, whilst, simultaneously, rose the values of capillary absorption and water absorptivity because of deterioration of cement matrix structure

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13

Rahmawati, Rahmawati, Hutwan Syarifuddin, and Nazarudin Nazarudin. "Processing Mixture Of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by The Cracking Method." Jurnal Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 5, no. 2 (2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jpb.v5i2.19852.

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The composition of waste in Jambi City is dominated by plantation waste and plastic waste, if not managed properly, it can have a negative impact on the environment. There is a need for alternatives to processing plastic waste and plantation waste, one of which is the catalytic cracking process to produce alternative fuels. The catalyst used is petroleum refining industry waste that can be reused. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalysts and the effect of the ratio of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic waste and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

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14

Ferella, Francesco, Simona Leone, Valentina Innocenzi, Ida De Michelis, Giuliana Taglieri, and Katia Gallucci. "Synthesis of zeolites from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst." Journal of Cleaner Production 230 (September 2019): 910–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.175.

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15

Nazarova, Galina Y., Elena N. Ivashkina, Emiliya D. Ivanchina, and Maria Y. Mezhova. "A Model of Catalytic Cracking: Catalyst Deactivation Induced by Feedstock and Process Variables." Catalysts 12, no. 1 (2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12010098.

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Changes in the quality of the feedstocks generated by involving various petroleum fractions in catalytic cracking significantly affect catalyst deactivation, which stems from coke formed on the catalyst surface. By conducting experimental studies on feedstocks and catalysts, as well as using industrial data, we studied how the content of saturates, aromatics and resins (SAR) in feedstock and the main process variables, including temperature, consumptions of the feedstock, catalyst and slops, influence the formation of catalytic coke. We also determined catalyst deactivation patterns using TG-D

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16

Madeti, Madhavi, Sharad V. Lande, Kalpana G, R. K. Mewada, and R. V. Jasra. "A Green Approach." International Journal of Green Nanotechnology 1 (January 1, 2013): 194308921350702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1943089213507024.

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We have attempted a green alternative to reuse the spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst that is used in petroleum refining industry for the upgradation and purification of various petroleum streams and residues. The spent FCC zeolite–based catalyst modified by enhancing the acidic properties by incorporating Zn and In metals in the matrix. The various prepared catalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET; adsorption isotherm) surface area. The acidity of the materials was studied by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia

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17

Zhao, Baishun, Chuansheng Wang, and Huiguang Bian. "A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162732.

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Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCC catalysts) produced by the petrochemical industry are considered to be environmentally hazardous waste, and precious metals and heavy metals deposited on the surface make them difficult to treat. Even so, these catalysts retain some of their activity. The pyrolysis of waste tires is considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve the fossil fuel resource crisis, and this study attempts to catalyze the pyrolysis of waste tires using spent catalysts to increase the value of both types of waste. FCC catalysts reduced the activation energy (E)

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18

Kosa, Samia A., and Eman Z. Hegazy. "Extraction of Nanosized Cobalt Sulfide from Spent Hydrocracking Catalyst." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/471210.

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The processes used for the extraction of metals (Co, Mo, and Al) from spent hydrotreating catalysts were investigated in this study. A detailed mechanism of the metal extraction process is described. Additionally, a simulation study was performed to understand the sulfidizing mechanism. The suggested separation procedure was effective and achieved an extraction of approximately 80–90%. In addition, the sulfidization mechanism was identified. This sulfidizing process for Co was found to involve an intermediate, the structure of which was proposed. This proposed intermediate was confirmed throug

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19

Leonel, Raquel Folmann, Renata B. G. Valt, L. Godoi, M. J. J. S. Ponte, and Haroldo A. Ponte. "Efeito da aplicação da eletrorremediação na estrutura e nos contaminantes de catalisador desativado. Avaliação por técnicas de RMN, RPE, DRX e FRX." Eclética Química Journal 40, no. 1 (2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v40.1.2015.p86-94.

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The electrokinetic remediation process, through the application of electric potential and different electrolytes, aimed at mobilizing and removing contaminant metals in spent catalytic cracking catalysts. In this study, FCC spent catalysts were studied after the remediation process with three different electrolytes (solutions of sodium citrate, sulfuric acid or citric acid). The techniques of XRD, XRF, NMR and EPR were used in order to evaluate the changes. The results indicated that the electrokinetic remediation tends to reorganize the internal structure of the catalyst, recovering part of t

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20

Torres Castellanos, Nancy, and Janneth Torres Agredo. "Using spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst as pozzolanic addition - a review." Ingeniería e Investigación 30, no. 2 (2010): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n2.15728.

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Spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst is an oil industry by-product from fluidised-bed catalytic cracking units. This residue is mainly formed by an active component (faujasite type zeolite Y) in an amorphous aluminosilicate matrix. It mainly consists of up to 90% silica and alumina. This paper reports an extensive literature review regarding the characterisation and mechanical and durability properties of mortar and concrete added to this material. FCC has been studied lately due to its pozzolanic characteristics and the good performance of concrete mixtures using FCC as cement replac

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21

Shan, Tilun, Huiguang Bian, Donglin Zhu, Kongshuo Wang, Chuansheng Wang, and Xiaolong Tian. "Study on the Mechanism and Experiment of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Reinforcement by Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst." Polymers 15, no. 4 (2023): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15041000.

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Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst is a major waste in the field of the petroleum processing field, with a large output and serious pollution. The treatment cost of these waste catalysts is high, and how to achieve their efficient reuse has become a key topic of research at home and abroad. To this end, this paper conducted a mechanistic and experimental study on the replacement of some carbon blacks by spent FCC catalysts for the preparation of rubber products and explored the synergistic reinforcing effect of spent catalysts and carbon blacks, in order to extend the reuse methods

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Garcés, Pedro, Fred P. Glasser, Daniel R. M. Brew, Emilio Zornoza, and Jordi Payá. "Pozzolanic activity of a spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue." Advances in Cement Research 23, no. 3 (2011): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.9.00036.

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Aung, Khin Moh Moh, and Yen-Peng Ting. "Bioleaching of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst using Aspergillus niger." Journal of Biotechnology 116, no. 2 (2005): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.10.008.

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Zakariyaou, Seybou Yacouba, Hua Ye, Abdoulaye Dan Makaou Oumarou, Mamane Souley Abdoul Aziz, and Shixian Ke. "Characterization of Equilibrium Catalysts from the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process of Atmospheric Residue." Catalysts 13, no. 12 (2023): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13121483.

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In the FCC conversion of heavy petroleum fractions as atmospheric residues, the main challenge for refiners to achieve the quantity and quality of various commercial products depends essentially on the catalyst used in the process. A deep characterization of the catalyst at different steps of the process (fresh, regenerated, and spent catalyst) was investigated to study the catalyst’s behavior including the physicochemical evolution, the deactivation factor, and kinetic–thermodynamic parameters. All samples were characterized using various spectroscopy methods such as N2 adsorption–desorption,

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Tran, Huu Thinh, Nguyen Le-Phuc, Nhat Huy Nguyen, et al. "Green biofuel production via cracking process of waste cooking oil using spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 11, no. 1 (2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2022.012.

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Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) can be a alternative for petroleum-based fuel. In this work, green biofuel was produced via cracking process of high acid value (AV) waste cooking oils (WCOs) over spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst collected from Binh Son Refireny. The influences of temperature (450 – 520°C), catalyst-to-WCO ratio (1.5 – 3.5), and acid value (6 - 22 mgKOH/g) have been examined. At 520°C, WCOs can be converted to liquid fuels with the near zero AV (AV 0.5 mgKOH/g) which is independent of AV of WCOs. In all cases, the total yield of profitable products, gasoline-diesel-LPG, r

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Zheng, Dalong, Yimin Zhang, Tao Liu, Jing Huang, Zhenlei Cai, and Ruobing Zhang. "Selective Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst with Oxalic Acid." Minerals 12, no. 6 (2022): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060748.

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The problem of spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst resource utilization, draws more and more attention to system analysis. SFCC was leached in an oxalic solution for comprehensive utilization. The results showed that for a D50 ≤ 17.34 μm, the catalyst leached for 240 min at 95 °C in the presence of a 2 mol/L oxalic acid solution, and the extent of leaching of V, Ni, Fe, and Al was 73.4%, 32.4%, 48.2%, and 36.8%, respectively. Studies on the occurrence state of the main ions (V, Ni, Fe, and Al) in the leaching solution were presented. Additionally, the separation of the main ions fro

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Huseynova, G. A., G. A. Gasimova, N. M. Aliyeva, and S. N. Osmanova. "Technological Features of Producing High-Index Oils in the Alkylation Process." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 27, no. 2 (2025): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.18321/ectj1662.

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This article presents the results of studies on key technological parameters-namely temperature and the use of modified ZSM-5 catalysts with Zr and Fe-in the alkylation process aimed at producing high-viscosity-index oils. The development of novel modified catalyst compositions exhibiting high activity in alkylation, to enhance oil viscosity indices to meet global standards, holds significant scientific and practical importance. Modified catalysts based on ZSM-5 zeolite incorporating ZrO2 and Fe2O3 (ZSM-5-ZrO2 and ZSM-5-Fe2O3), along with their regenerated forms after use in alkylation, were e

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Khabib, Imam, Sri Kadarwati, and Sri Wahyuni. "Deactivation and Regeneration of Ni/ZA Catalyst in Hydrocracking of Polypropylene." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 2 (2014): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21258.

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The phenomena of catalyst deactivation and the effects of regeneration method on the characteristics and activity of Ni/ZA catalyst after being used in a continuous cracking reaction of polypropylene have been studied. Ni/ZA catalyst was prepared using sonochemical method with total metal intake of 4%. Characteristics and activity of fresh, spent, and regenerated catalyst were evaluated to get a better understanding about the catalyst deactivation. Characteristics which have been observed include catalyst acidity, porosity, crystallinity, and surface morphology. Catalytic activity test of Ni/Z

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Rijo, Bruna, Ana Paula Soares Dias, Nicole de Jesus, and Manuel Francisco Pereira. "Home Trash Biomass Valorization by Catalytic Pyrolysis." Environments 10, no. 10 (2023): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10100186.

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With the increase in population, large amounts of food waste are produced worldwide every day. These leftovers can be used as a source of lignocellulosic waste, oils, and polysaccharides for renewable fuels. In a fixed bed reactor, low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis was investigated using biomass gathered from domestic garbage. Thermogravimetry, under N2 flow, was used to assess the pyrolysis behavior of tea and coffee grounds, white potato, sweet potato, banana peels, walnut, almonds, and hazelnut shells. A mixture of biomass was also evaluated by thermogravimetry. Waste inorganic materials

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Fals, Jayson, Esneyder Puello-Polo, and Edgar Márquez. "Effect of Residual Cuts on Deactivation of Hierarchical Y Zeolite-Based Catalysts during Co-Processing of Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) with Atmospheric Residue (ATR)." Molecules 29, no. 19 (2024): 4753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194753.

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The influence of residual cuts on the deactivation of hierarchical Y zeolite-based catalysts during the co-processing of vacuum gas oil (VGO) with atmospheric residue (ATR) was investigated. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale MAT-type reactor. The conversion of VGO, ATR, and their 70:30 (mass basis) mixture was examined using two composite catalysts: Cat.Y.0.00 and Cat.Y.0.20. The operating conditions closely resembled those of the commercial catalytic cracking process (550 °C and contact times of 10 to 50 s). When ATR was processed individually, the conversion remained below

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Arsyad, Rudi. "ANALISIS VARIASI PERENDAMAN SPENT CATALYST RCC (LIMBAH PERTAMINA) SEBAGAI FILLER PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL PANAS AC-WC." Gorontalo Journal of Infrastructure and Science Engineering 3, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gojise.v3i1.833.

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This research tries to use an RCC (Residium Catalytic Cracking) Pertamina waste filler from the oil process in Balikpapan which is expected to increase the resistance of asphalt concrete pavements to damage caused by weather and traffic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the duration of immersion on the characteristics of hot asphalt mixtures (AC-WC) using Spent Catalyst RCC (Pertamina waste) as a filler. The method used is the Marshall characteristic test with a variation of immersion 2 days, 4 days, 7 days, and 11 days. The results showed that the use of an RCC (Residium

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Istadi, I., Teguh Riyanto, Luqman Buchori, Didi Dwi Anggoro, Roni Ade Saputra, and Theobroma Guntur Muhamad. "Effect of Temperature on Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 1 (2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.9.1.107-112.

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Plasma-assisted catalytic cracking is an attractive method for producing biofuels from vegetable oil. This paper studied the effect of reactor temperature on the performance of plasma-assisted catalytic cracking of palm oil into biofuels. The cracking process was conducted in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD)-type plasma reactor with the presence of spent RFCC catalyst. The reactor temperature was varied at 400, 450, and 500 ºC. The liquid fuel product was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the compositions. Result showed that the presenceof plasma an

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Oloruntoba, Adefarati, Yongmin Zhang, and Chang Samuel Hsu. "State-of-the-Art Review of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst Regeneration Intensification Technologies." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062061.

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Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the workhorse of modern crude oil refinery. Its regenerator plays a critical role in optimizing the overall profitability by efficiently restoring the catalyst activity and enhancing the heat balance in the riser reactor. Improvement in the device metallurgy and process operations have enabled industrial regenerators to operate at high temperatures with a better coke burning rate and longer operating cycle. Today, the carbon content of regenerated catalyst has drastically reduced to less than 0.1 wt.%. However, the unit is still plagued with operational comple

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Gong, Jing. "Study on Spent Lubricating Oil from Catalytic Cracking of Al/SO4^2-/AL-MCM-41 Molecular Sieve." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2463, no. 1 (2023): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2463/1/012048.

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Abstract The waste lubricating oil will cause great harm to the natural environment if it is discarded randomly or handled improperly. Catalytic cracking is the main technology for regenerating waste lubricating oil into fuel oil. The molecular sieve Al/SO42-/Al-MCM-41 was prepared by introducing metal Al atoms into the molecular skeleton of MCM-41 and then modifying it with Al2(SO4)3. The samples in the preparation process were characterized and analyzed by TG, FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption desorption and other test techniques. The effects of reaction temperature and the amount of catalyst on cata

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LIU, Xinmei, Haining LIANG, Liang LI, Tingting YANG, and Zifeng YAN. "Preparation of Ultrafine Y Zeolite from Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst Powders." CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (CHINESE VERSION) 31, no. 7 (2010): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1088.2010.91245.

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Ruiz, G., R. Aguilar, J. Nakamatsu, and S. Kim. "Synthesis of a Geopolymer Binders Using Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 660 (December 4, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/660/1/012009.

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Das, Sutapa, Narendra Naik Deshavath, V. V. Goud, and V. Venkata Dasu. "Bioleaching of Al from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst using Aspergillus species." Biotechnology Reports 23 (September 2019): e00349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00349.

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DOKUCHAEV, I. S., M. MAXIMOV N., and A. TYSHCHENKO V. "INVESTIGATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODEL PETROLEUM RAW MATERIALS UNDER CRACKING CONDITIONS OVER A REGENERATED SPENT HYDROTREATMENT CATALYST." Chemistry for Sustainable Development 32, no. 1 (2024): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/csd2024526.

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The physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of regenerated spent aluminium-cobalt-molybdenum hydrotreatment catalyst have been investigated under cracking conditions in the model systems n-dodecane - toluene and decalin - toluene - n-hexane. A series of experiments to study the catalytic activity of the sample was carried out using a flow-type laboratory installation within the temperature range 430-470 °C, nitrogen pressure 1.6 MPa, liquid hourly space velocity 0.5-3.0 h-1. The directions of transformation were determined for paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbons by means of gas chro

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Song, Kyoung Ho, Soon Kwan Jeong, Byung Hun Jeong, Kwan-Young Lee, and Hak Joo Kim. "Effect of the Ni/Al Ratio on the Performance of NiAl2O4 Spinel-Based Catalysts for Supercritical Methylcyclohexane Catalytic Cracking." Catalysts 11, no. 3 (2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11030323.

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Supercritical methylcyclohexane cracking of NiAl2O4 spinel-based catalysts with varying Ni/Al deficiencies was investigated. Thus, catalysts with Ni content of 10–50 wt.% were prepared by typical co-precipitation methods. The calcined, reduced, and spent catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, O2 temperature-programmed oxidation, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, N2 physisorption, O2 chemisorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. The performance and physicochemical properties of the reference stoichiometric Ni3Al7 catalyst differed signifi

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Irawan, Rahmat Aldi, and Annasit Annasit. "Optimasi Regenerator 15R-103/104 Dengan Variasi Water Supply Pada Catalys Cooler System di Residue Catalityc Cracker Unit PT. AAA." Indonesian Journal of Energy and Mineral 3, no. 2 (2023): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.53026/ijoem/2023/3.2/1160.

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Residue Catalytic Cracking (RCC) merupakan sebuah unit pada PT. AAA yang memiliki peran sebagai mengonversi feed residue. Residue yang berupa atsmospheric residu yang berasal dari kolom distilasi dan Demetalisations atmospheric residue yang merupakan residue dengan kandungan metal yang rendah menjadi produk yang memiliki kualitas tinggi serta memiliki nilai jualyang cukup fantastis untuk secondary proses dengan menggunakan teknologi Catalytic Cracking. Unit ini memiliki kapasitas 83 MBSD dengan kata lain sebanyak 505 ton /jam serta menggunakan UOP sebagai lisensor. Umpan residue yang merupakan

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Low, Ching Wei, Andrei Veksha, Rupendra Aryal, Wei Ping Chan, and Grzegorz Lisak. "Catalytic reforming of biomass pyrolysis gas over Ni catalysts: Alumina, spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst and char as supports." Applied Catalysis A: General 691 (February 2025): 120074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2024.120074.

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Wang, Qinghong, Yi Li, Chelsea Benally, et al. "Spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst enhances pyrolysis of refinery waste activated sludge." Journal of Cleaner Production 295 (May 2021): 126382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126382.

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Sun, D. D., J. H. Tay, C. E. G. Qian, and D. Lai. "Stabilization of heavy metals on spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst using marine clay." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (2001): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0642.

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Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst is a hazardous solid waste generated by petroleum refineries containing vanadium and nickel. The marine clay was used as a matrix to stabilize vanadium and nickel and produce bricks which were then fired at various temperatures. TCLP leaching tests indicated that stabilizing brick had low metal leaching, with a maximum of 6.4 mg/l for vanadium and 19.8 μg/l for nickel. Compressive strength of stabilizing brick was found to range between 20 N/mm2 and 47 N/mm2. It is believed that stabilization and encapsulation mechanisms are responsible for the stabiliza

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Alonso-Fariñas, Bernabé, Mónica Rodríguez-Galán, Celia Arenas, Fátima Arroyo Torralvo, and Carlos Leiva. "Sustainable management of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst from a circular economy approach." Waste Management 110 (June 2020): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.046.

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García de Lomas, M., M. I. Sánchez de Rojas, and M. Frías. "Pozzolanic reaction of a spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst in FCC-cement mortars." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 90, no. 2 (2007): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-006-7921-7.

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Rodríguez, Erich D., Susan A. Bernal, John L. Provis, et al. "Geopolymers based on spent catalyst residue from a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process." Fuel 109 (July 2013): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.02.053.

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Lu, Guojian, Xinyu Lu, and Pei Liu. "Reactivation of spent FCC catalyst by mixed acid leaching for efficient catalytic cracking." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 92 (December 2020): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2020.09.011.

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Stellato, Michael J., Giada Innocenti, Andreas S. Bommarius, and Carsten Sievers. "Pore Blocking by Phenolates as Deactivation Path during the Cracking of 4-Propylphenol over ZSM-5." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (2021): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060721.

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Cracking of propyl side chains from 4-propylphenol, a model compound for lignin monomers, is studied for a commercial ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The decline of 4-propylphenol conversion with time on stream can be delayed by co-feeding water. FTIR spectroscopy shows the formation of chemisorbed phenolates during reactions and significant amounts of phenolics are detected by GC-MS of the extract from the spent catalysts. Thus, chemisorbed phenolates are identified as the main reason for deactivation in the absence of water. Regardless of the amount of co-fed water, substituted monoaromatics and pol

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Wan, Qian, Ruobing Zhang, and Yimin Zhang. "Structure and Properties of Phosphate-Based Geopolymer Synthesized with the Spent Fluid Catalytic-Cracking (SFCC) Catalyst." Gels 8, no. 2 (2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8020130.

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As a common industrial by-product, the spend fluid catalytic-cracking (SFCC) catalyst was used to prepare phosphate-based geopolymer for the first time. The structure and property of geopolymer with phosphoric acid concentration ranging from 6 to 14 mol/L was characterized by compressive strength measurements, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A stable binder was formed with the compressive strength in the range of 9.8 to 30.2 MPa when the acid concentration was

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Istadi, Istadi, Teguh Riyanto, Didi Dwi Anggoro, Cokorda Satrya Pramana, and Amalia Rizqi Ramadhani. "High Acidity and Low Carbon-Coke Formation Affinity of Co-Ni/ZSM-5 Catalyst for Renewable Liquid Fuels Production through Simultaneous Cracking-Deoxygenation of Palm Oil." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 18, no. 2 (2023): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.17974.

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This study investigates the effect of chemically doped Co and Ni metals on ZSM-5 catalyst with respect to the catalysts’ characteristics and performance for palm oil cracking. Some characterization methods have been conducted to identify the physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), N2-physisorption, NH3- and CO2-probed Temperature Programmed Desorption (NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD) methods. The deposited carbon-coke on the spent catalysts is analysed using simultaneous thermal gravimetric – differential scanning cal

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