Academic literature on the topic 'Spent filter backwash water'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spent filter backwash water"
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Leible, Bob. "Optimize Spent-Filter Backwash Water." Opflow 34, no. 11 (November 2008): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2008.tb02005.x.
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Arora, Harish, George Di Giovanni, and Mark Lechevallier. "SPENT filter backwash water CONTAMINANTS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES." Journal - American Water Works Association 93, no. 5 (May 2001): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2001.tb09211.x.
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Adin, A., L. Dean, F. Bonner, A. Nasser, and Z. Huberman. "Characterization and destabilization of spent filter backwash water particles." Water Supply 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0053.
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Inorganic and organic particles, including bacteria, viruses and parasites, which are retained within a granular filter during surface water filtration, are removed by backwashing the filter with clean water or water and air. The objective of the study was to characterize SFBW and determine its treatability by coagulation. Microbial and physical-chemical characterization of SFBW collected from a number of different water treatment plants was performed. Experiments to determine the impact of coagulation/flocculation on the SFBW samples were also conducted. SFBW was collected from six different water treatment plants and analyzed for microbial and physical parameters. Physical characterization was done on SFBW collected from all of the treatment plants. Turbidity and pH measurements were taken over the course of the backwash run, and the backwash samples were collected in two to four 20 L containers. A number of parameters were measured for the samples in each container, as well as for SFBW composites made by mixing equal portions of the container contents. The measured parameters included: turbidity, pH, TSS, DOC, UV-254 and alkalinity. Jar tests were carried out on individual containers, on SFBW composite and on SFBW composite that was allowed to settle for one hour. Turbidity and particle count data was collected for both settled and filtered samples.
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Mueller, Uwe, Gerhard Biwer, and Guenther Baldauf. "Ceramic membranes for water treatment." Water Supply 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.536.
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Ceramic membranes, different in pore size and membrane material, were applied to remove particulate and dissolved matter from different spent filter backwash water types as well as from dam water. The study was conducted in pilot scale under conditions typical for waterworks at a dam water treatment plant. A comparison of different ceramic membranes implied that total membrane resistance was more influenced by feed water type and by operation than by membrane type for the waters tested. Nevertheless, ceramic membranes seem to accumulate during operation less organic foulants especially polysaccharides compared to organic membranes leading to lower total membrane resistances for ceramic membranes during filtration process. Ceramic membranes may be considered to be applicable to treat spent filter backwash water as well as source water in public water supply.
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Eades, A., B. J. Bates, and M. J. MacPhee. "Treatment of spent filter backwash water using dissolved air flotation." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 8 (April 1, 2001): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0465.
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There is increasing interest in treating recovered spent filter backwash water in the drinking water industry. In the USA the Filter Backwash Recycling Rule will come into effect in the near future. The purpose of the Rule is to prevent the concentrated pathogenic agents, potentially in the filter backwash water, from being returned to the head of the water treatment works without some form of treatment or dilution. By treating this flow both public health and financial liability can be better managed by the operating utility. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) was investigated as a possible technology alternative to simple or advanced sedimentation techniques. This application is not widespread but sits somewhere in between the two normal applications of DAF as a high solids sludge thickener and a low turbidity clarification system. Given this a pilot plant program, supported by jar testing, was undertaken to determine the process capability and the design parameters for this application. DAF proved to be very suitable for backwash water recovery. DAF effluent turbidities of <1.0 NTU could be easily obtained, when raw water turbidities were in excess of 50 NTU. Chemical requirements were low with only a single low dose of polymer required to bind the floc particles to form a solids matrix suitable for flotation. Flocculation contact times ranged from 0–10 minutes depending on the nature of the raw water. Recycle rates as low as 5% performed satisfactorily with no significant improvement when increased to 20%. Sludge solids of 3.5–9.6% dry solids were found and very low volumes of sludge, <0.1% of the incoming flow make the DAF solids handling system very compact.
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Li, Wei, Xinran Liang, Jinming Duan, Simon Beecham, and Dennis Mulcahy. "Influence of spent filter backwash water recycling on pesticide removal in a conventional drinking water treatment process." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4, no. 7 (2018): 1057–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ew00530j.
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Reissmann, Florian G., and Wolfgang Uhl. "Ultrafiltration for the reuse of spent filter backwash water from drinking water treatment." Desalination 198, no. 1-3 (October 2006): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.517.
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Saravia, F., C. Zwiener, and F. H. Frimmel. "Application of submerged membranes for the treatment of spent filter backwash water." Water Supply 7, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2007): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.133.
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The application of membrane filtration in the treatment of spent filter backwash water (SFBW) permits efficient removal of microorganisms, suspended particles and organic substances, depending on the used membrane molecular weight cut-off. However, flux decline, due to deposits and adsorption of substances (salts, colloids, organics, particles, microorganisms, etc.) tends to limit the use of membranes. Characterization of SFBW samples from different waterworks showed that three major factors contribute to the SFBW properties: the raw water itself, the time interval of sand filter operation and additional treatment steps. The main differences between SFBW samples were found principally in DOC, TOC and turbidity. Experiments with submerged membranes (lab- and pilot- scale modules) showed that there was a clear correlation between DOC concentration of the feed and the flux decline: when the DOC-concentration increased, the flux decline increased. Additionally, the presence of calcium led not only to an important flux decline but to high adsorption of NOM on the membrane surface. Iron concentrations in the micromolar range resulted in a considerably decline of flux. Filtration of SFBW revealed that the decline of permeability is mainly determined by DOC, calcium and iron concentrations. A decisive effect of biofouling on membrane performance is expected for long term experiments.
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Ebrahimi, Afshin, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Fariborz Alimohammadi, and Amir Hossein Mahvi. "Dataset on the cost estimation for spent filter backwash water (SFBW) treatment." Data in Brief 15 (December 2017): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.040.
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Osouleddini, Noushin, Mohammad Abdollahzadeh, Maryam Safaei, and Raheleh Sajadipoor. "Re-use of Spent Filter Backwash Water by Micro strainer in Water Treatment Plants." Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 5b (July 5, 2017): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/ejac.2017.00194a.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Spent filter backwash water"
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Reißmann, Florian. "Zur Behandlung und Verwertung von Rückständen aus der Oberflächenwasseraufbereitung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1241613891497-40254.
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Bei der Aufbereitung von Rohwässern zu Trinkwasser fallen in der Regel unvermeidbare Rückstände an, die den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen entsprechend entsorgt werden müssen. Schlammhaltige Wässer, die den größten Anteil an Wasserwerksrückständen einnehmen, entstehen bei der Spülung von Filtern und enthalten nahezu alle aus dem Rohwasser entfernten Stoffe und nicht im Trinkwasser verbleibende Aufbereitungschemikalien. Während früher in vielen Wasserwerken Teile des schlammhaltigen Filterspülwassers nach einem Sedimentationsvorgang wieder in den Aufbereitungsprozess zurückgeführt wurden, ist dies in Deutschland auf Grund einer möglichen Beeinträchtigung der Trinkwasserqualität bei mikrobiologisch belasteten Wässern (z. B. Oberflächenwasser) ohne eine adäquate Behandlung (z. B. Ultrafiltration) nicht mehr erlaubt. Somit müssen schlammhaltige Filterspülwässer anderweitig entsorgt werden, z. B. durch eine Einleitung in die Kanalisation. Die dabei auftretenden Auswirkungen auf Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen sind noch nicht ausreichend bekannt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden unterschiedliche Ultrafiltrationsmodule (Kapillarmembranmodul und getauchtes Modul) hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Aufbereitung aluminiumhaltiger schlammhaltiger Filterspülwässer und damit zur Rückführung des entstehenden Filtrates in den Aufbereitungsprozess untersucht. Die grundsätzliche Eignung beider Modulsysteme wird nachgewiesen. Bei Verwendung von getauchten Modulen kann auf eine vorangehende Sedimentationsanlage verzichtet werden. Als kritisch muss unabhängig vom gewählten Modulkonzept die Entsorgung des anfallenden Retentates angesehen werden, da die gesetzlich vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte der Indirekteinleitung für mehrere Parameter nicht eingehalten werden. Bilanzierungen der relevanten Schadstoffe ergeben, dass der Schadstoffeintrag überwiegend diffus mit dem Rohwasser in das Wasserwerk erfolgt. Zur Untersuchung von Auswirkungen der Einleitung aluminiumhaltiger schlammhaltiger Filterspülwässer aus der Oberflächenwasseraufbereitung auf die Abwasserbehandlung wurden labortechnische Versuche zur Ermittlung des Phosphatadsorptionspotenzials durchgeführt. Neben der Abhängigkeit der Phosphatadsorptionskapazität vom pH-Wert wurde der Einfluss der Feststoffkonzentration des schlammhaltigen Filterspülwassers in Versuchen mit Modellwasser nachgewiesen. Eine Erhöhung der Feststoffkonzentration wirkt einer möglichst hohen Ausnutzung des Adsorptionspotenzials entgegen. Während für die Ultrafiltrationsbehandlung gegenüber der Indirekteinleitung ein Kostenvorteil ermittelt wird, ist die für die Nutzung des Phosphatadsorptionsanteils verfügbare Schlammmenge für einen alleinigen Einsatz in der Kläranlage bei gleichen Einzugsgebieten nicht ausreichendIn most water treatment plants (WTPs), during the water purification process, residuals are generated that have to be disposed according to current regulations. Most of the residuals are derived from filter backwash processes (i. e. spent filter backwash water, SFBW) and contain substances that are removed from the raw water. In addition, in the spent filter backwash water, chemicals can be found that are required for the operation of the water treatment process and do not remain in the drinking water. Over recent decades, SFBW has been returned to the beginning of the water treatment plant (WTP) after a sedimentation process in order to reduce the amount of water being discharged. Concerns over the recycling of microorganisms, of heavy metals or precursors for disinfection by-products, have led to a significant reduction of the number of WTPs that directly return filter backwash water to the water treatment process. According to German technical standards, the reuse of SFBW might only be possible after the application of groundwater infiltration or an equivalent technique. Because of an almost complete recovery of particles and microorganisms, ultrafiltration treatment is a proven alternative to groundwater recharge of SFBW. In this work, different ultrafiltration modules for the treatment and reuse of SFBW are compared. Capillary as well as submerged membrane modules are suitable for the treatment of SFBW. If submerged membrane modules are used, no sedimentation period prior to ultrafiltration treatment is necessary. As a consequence of the accumulation of particulate matter including heavy metals and other compounds in the retentate during ultrafiltration treatment, threshold values of several regulations cannot be met, and either the discharge of retentate into the sewer will be charged or alternative disposal options must be considered. Mass balances for an entire WTP showed most of these contaminants to originate from non-point sources in the watershed. Lab-scale experiments are performed for the examination of the phosphate adsorption potential of SFBW derived from surface water treatment using aluminum-based coagulants. Besides a strong influence of the pH-value present in the SFBW, an influence of the TSS-concentration of SFBW on phosphate adsorption capacity could be demonstrated. Elevated TSS-concentrations resulted in a lower phosphate adsorption capacity of the investigated SFBW. While ultrafiltration treatment with subsequent reuse of SFBW might be cheaper than the discharge to the sewer system, the amount of SFBW required for a complete phosphate removal in the wastewater treatment plant is to large and therefore, no economic advantage of phosphate adsorption could be demonstrated
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Brouckaert, Barbara Maria. "Hydrodynamic Detachment of Deposited Particles in Fluidized Bed Filter Backwashing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5052.
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TThe objective of the current study was to investigate the backwashing behavior of granular media filters used in water treatment under realistic conditions and to develop better models of the backwash process based on both fundamental and practical considerations. The focus of this study was on water only backwash but the applicability of the results to auxiliary backwash systems is discussed.
The effects of filter backwash rate, coagulant used, degree of filter clogging and age of filter deposits on backwash behavior and efficiency were investigated in a pilot scale in-line filtration plant treating low turbidity raw water from a large dam. The results of these experiments and their implications both for modeling and managing filter backwash are discussed.
The initial stages of backwashing are shown to be dominated by mixing and flow localization effects not accounted for in existing models of backwash. These effects appear to be dependent on both the equipment and the experimental conditions making the development of an accurate model of transient backwash behavior extremely difficult.
However, it is shown that the overall efficiency of backwash can be predicted based on data about the filter and backwash design and operation that should be available at any treatment plant. This is an important first step in the development of modeling tool for the design and optimization of the complete filter cycle.
A significant finding of this study was that the average age of filter deposits is one of the most important factors determining the ease with which they are detached during backwashing. Deposits become more difficult to remove the longer they remain in the filter. This has important implications for the robust design and operation of filters in applications where optimal backwash cannot be guaranteed. The rate of accumulation of mud in a filter over multiple filter cycles was determined experimentally for one set of backwash conditions and a procedure for estimating the useful life of a filter bed with sub-optimal backwash is proposed.
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Richman, Marjorie Timmerly. "Particle and biomass detachment during biological filter backwashing : impact of water chemistry and backwash method." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19519.
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Hodkinson, Brenden James. "The sewage treatment capability of non-backwash biological aerated filter systems for small communities." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368839.
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Biological Aerated Filters (BAFs) are wastewater treatment systems which contain support media for biofilm development and provide oxygen at the base of the reactor to sustain aerobic microbial treatment processes. The aims of this study were to characterise and quantify the treatment capability of non-backwash BAFs used in small sewage treatment works, and therefore establish design recommendations. Three full scale trial BAFs, a field operational small sewage treatment plant, and a full scale aeration testing facility were studied. The trial BAFs, with simulated secondary settlement, provided carbonaceous stabilisation under various hydraulic loadings and airflow rates. Nitrification showed no relationship with airflow rate, but was inhibited at high hydraulic loadings. Sludge production in the BAFs was less at higher airflow rates, due to improved stabilisation of organic solids. Media specific surface area had little effect on treatment performance. Downflow operation generally provided better treatment than upflow operation, with high levels of suspended solids stabilisation, considered a function of longer residence times. The mean BAF residence times determined empirically were considerably shorter than the design residence times, and may have inhibited treatment potential. The oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) of coarse bubble diffusers was enhanced in a simulated BAF, due to the effects of the support media. Fine bubble diffuser OTE was inhibited by the media. Coarse diffusers may be more appropriate than fine diffusers for small non-backwash BAFs, a function of performance and cost efficiency. A small packaged sewage treatment plant incorporating BAFs produced a well nitrified effluent with reasonable organic stabilisation, and showed little diurnal or seasonal variation in effluent quality. The plant compared well to other small sewage treatment systems, providing treatment in a small footprint. Design recommendations for non-backwash BAFs and small sewage treatment plants incorporating BAFs have been established, based on the knowledge gained during this study. It has been demonstrated that non-backwash BAFs are appropriate for use in small sewage treatment works.
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Ericsson, Emma-Helena. "Are organohalogen compounds in backwash water from swimming pool facilities treatable? : An experimental investigation of removal capacities by different filter materials." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284338.
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Organohalogen compounds are formed in swimming pool waters when natural organic matter, such as hair, urine or sweat etc., react with the used disinfectant (usually chlorine). Many of the organohalogen compounds are persistent and hazardous for human health and aquatic ecosystems. Backwash water from swimming pool facilities is often released to the sewer and contain these compounds. The connected wastewater treatment plant receives this water, where some of these compounds escapes the treatment process, into the recipient. It is therefore important to minimize the levels of organohalogen compounds in the influent water to the wastewater treatment plant. In this study, potential treatment techniques for organohalogen compounds at the swimming pool facility have been investigated. The main focus have been on an experimental column test with four filter materials applied (granular activated carbon, natural zeolites, PoloniteR and Zugol). Real backwash water was used. Furthermore, other techniques have been theoretically investigated as well. The activated carbon directly showed the most efficient removal efficiency (above 95 %), but all filter materials had a removal to a certain degree and became more efficient by time. The results further suggest that the more lipophilic organohalogen compounds are bound to particulate matter and highly affected by physical filtration. Another important conclusion is that the specific activated carbon used in the study is not suitable for the purpose, because it released very high levels of phosphorus in the beginning of the column test as well as showing some practical problems. However, other types of activated carbon exists. Next step recommended is to determine the lifetime of the filters.När människor badar i bassänger hamnar vanligtvis naturligt organiskt material i dem, såsom urin, svett, hår och hudflagor. Desinfektionsmedlet som tillsätts (oftast klor) har som syfte att avlägsna mikroorganismer, men när naturligt organiskt material hamnar i vattnet kommer också oavsiktliga reaktioner ske och halogenerade organiska föreningar bildas. Dessa föreningar kan kvantifieras via AOX måttet (adsorberbar organisk halogen), vilket är den samlade förekomsten av alla bundna organiska halogener i ett prov. AOX består således av flera hundra olika föreningar, varav vissa är mer lipofila och benämns EOX (extraherbar organisk halogen). Många av de föreningar inkluderade i AOX är bioackumulativa, persistenta och giftiga för akvatiska organismer, även i låga koncentrationer. Förutom att vara miljöfarliga för akvatiska ekosystem, kan de också vara skadliga för människans hälsa. Filtret som renar badvattnet i simhallar behöver backspolas regelbundet och backspolvattnet, som innehåller AOX, skickas vanligen till spillvattennätet. Vid avloppsreningsverket är det visat i ett tidigare examensarbete samt i andra rapporter att en del av de inkommande AOX ämnena även följer med det utgående, renade, vattnet ut i recipienten. Det är därmed av vikt att minimera ämnena redan vid källan, det vill säga på badanläggningen. I denna masteruppsats har behandlingstekniker för halogenerade organiska föreningar undersökts. Huvudfokus har varit på experimentella kolonntester för fyra filtermaterial (granulerat aktivt kol, naturliga zeoliter, PoloniteR och Zugol), men även andra tekniker har studerats teoretiskt. I testerna användes äkta backspolvatten från en simhall. Alla material reducerade AOX till viss del och visade på effektivare reducering efter hand. Det var dock tydligt att det aktiva kolet var mest effektivt och hade hög reducering redan i första mätningen, AOX-reduceringen låg på över 95 % (jämfört med det obehandlade backspolvattnet). Vad som dock var problematiskt med det aktiva kolet var att det släppte höga halter fosfor i början av kolonntestet, vilket också bekräftades med ett skaktest. Dessutom uppvisade materialet praktiska problem. Ur ett realistiskt perspektiv med dessa problem i åtanke, blir det inte hållbart i längden att använda detta specifika kol. Det finns dock många olika typer av aktivt kol, vilka förmodligen är mer lämpliga och som inte uppvisar dessa problem, och kan användas för detta ändamål. Vidare antyder det erhållna resultatet att de mer lipofila föreningarna av AOX (EOX) är bundet till partikulärt organiskt material och därmed påverkas väsentligt av mekanisk filtrering. Det är dock viktigt med en aktiv bindning. Projektet har påverkats av covid-19 pandemin med lägre antal folk på badhusen samt mindre tillgång till laboratoriet vid KTH. En föreslagen förbättring av metoden är att ha en kontinuerlig omblandning i förvaringskärlet med det obehandlade vattnet innan det tillförs kolonnerna. Vidare nämns det att modifierade zeoliter verkar lovande samt att nästa viktiga steg för projektet är att bestämma livstiden för filtermaterialen.
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Crowe, Andrea L. "Assessment of the fate of manganese in oxide-coated filtration systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222008-063718/.
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Canale, Ivan 1977. "Caracterização microbiológica, parasitológica e físico-química da água de lavagem de filtros recirculada em ETA de ciclo completo = Microbiological, parasitological and physico-chemical characterization of filter backwash water recirculated in full cycle WTP." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267710.
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Orientador: Cassiana Maria Reganhan-ConeglianDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T04:53:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Canale_Ivan_M.pdf: 7288933 bytes, checksum: 93678fbce9055e79b05000fd1cab8c23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETA) de ciclo completo. Como o volume de ALF pode representar de 3 a 6% do volume de água tratada produzido na ETA, existe interesse cada vez maior no tratamento desse efluente para fins de recirculação junto com a água bruta aduzida à ETA. Entretanto, existe uma preocupação de que essa água residuária possa conter matéria orgânica, sólidos totais, metais, carbono orgânico, precursores de trihalometanos, cistos/oocistos de protozoários ou outras impurezas concentradas durante o processo de filtração. Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar com base em parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e parasitológicos a água de lavagem de filtros gerada e recirculada na ETA Capim Fino, em Piracicaba / SP - Brasil. Foram avaliadas 12 amostras da água bruta do manancial que abastece a ETA (rio Corumbataí), ALF bruta, ALF clarificada (com o uso de polímeros auxiliares ou por simples sedimentação) e água filtrada da ETA. Para caracterização da ALF foram analisados os parâmetros físico-químicos: cloro residual, cor, turbidez, pH, alumínio solúvel, sólidos totais fixos, sólidos totais voláteis, sólidos sedimentáveis, carbono orgânico total e o potencial de formação de trihalometanos; os parâmetros microbiológicos: coliformes totais, Escherichia coli; e os protozoários patogênicos: Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. O monitoramento da ALF bruta apontou como principais características físico-químicas deste efluente elevados teores de turbidez, alumínio, carbono orgânico total, sólidos totais (fixos e voláteis), sólidos sedimentáveis e potencial de formação de THM. A clarificação da ALF com polímero aniônico possibilitou a redução na concentração dos diversos constituintes analisados. Giardia spp. foi detectada na água bruta (cinco resultados positivos e concentração de cistos variando de
Tecnologia e Inovação
Mestre em Tecnologia
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Hanušová, Veronika. "Optimalizace využití vratné vody na úpravně vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371920.
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The first part of this diploma thesis deals with knowledge of chosen technological devices in water treatment plants gathered from Czech and foreign literature. The thesis continues by linking the information gathered to the water treatment plant in Švařec for which a plan to increase the sludge water volume reuse was researched and formed. Furthermore, financial assessment of this plan was completed.
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Lee, Wen-Shan, and 李文善. "Recovery of Spent Filter Backwash Water by Using Dead-end Coagulation-assisted Microfiltration." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02628561078978894720.
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碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
95
Spent filter backwash water (SFBW) is recycled into previous water treatment units for most water treatment plants (WTP) in Taiwan. The water treatment plants often encounter problems such as difficult control of optimal coagulant dosage and accumulated amounts of protozoa and chemical substances existed in SFBW. In order to solve these problems, the recovery of SFBW was facilitated by MF after the pre-coagulation process. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of floc properties on membrane flux and the water quality of the filtrate. The SFBW was collected from a local WTP in Taiwan. A bench-scale MF (0.5μm) was set up to simulate a full-scale filtration of the SFBW. The trans-membrane pressure was controlled at 0.4 and 0.67 bar by a suction pump. The pre-cogulation conditions produce different floc properties. The different pre-coagulation mechanisms of electrostatic patch effect (EPE), charge neutralization (CN), and sweep flocculation (SW) were investigated to realize their effects on the formed cake sand PACl coagulants with three different contents of polyaluminum species (Alb) were used to produce different floc properties in this study. The results have showed that the pre-coagulation process can enhance membrane flux and reduce specific cake resistance for multiple filtrations. Ordering membrane flux performance from most effective to least effective was EPE, CN, SW. Regarding floc properties made of coagulants with different content of Alb (PACl-1, PACl-2 and PACl-3), Ordering membrane flux performance from most effective to least effective was PACl-3, PACl-2, PACl-1 The higher membrane flux was cause of the smaller sizes and greater strength flocs which produced more porous cake and lowered specific cake resistance. Regarding the water quality of filtrate, the removals of turbidity, DOC and UV254 were up to 99%, 50% and 65% respectively. As for filtration resistances, the cake resistance (Rc) was the mean portion (＞75%) of total resistance (Rt). The floc properties make influence on cake properties, and then impact performances of membrane flux and fouling.
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Wu, Cheng-Lun, and 吳政倫. "Recovery of Spent Filter Backwash Water by Using Dead-end Coagulation-assisted Microfiltration：Laboratory-scale Evaluation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66595039741097060070.
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碩士國立交通大學
環境工程系所
94
Recycling of the spent filter backwash water (SFBW) has been a burden for water treatment plants due the difficulty in chemical dosing especially during the typhoon and heavy storms and the accumulation of protozoa. The objective of this investigation is to use membrane technology, a dead-end MF, to remove the suspended solids and the microorganism particularly Cryptosporidium and Giardia from the SFBW. The goal is to use the membrane permeate as drinking water after disinfection. Different pretreatment methods were performed to SFBW before the membrane filtration to enhance the membrane flux. In this investigation, the SFBW were collected from Hsinchu First Water Treatment Plant and Tonghsing Water Treatment Plant. The SFBW was filtered through a polyterafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane of pore size 0.5 �慆 and 1.0 �慆 at low vacuum pressure (0.65 kgf/cm2). Sedimentation and coagulation/flocculation were used as pretreatments. The result indicates that the flux declined seriously when the size of the sub-micron particles in the SFBW is close to the pore size of the membrane due to pore blocking. The quality of membrane permeates of SFBW from both water treatment plants, namely, turbidity, total coliform and total bacteria counts, complies with the current Drinking Water Quality Standard of Taiwan EPA. The DOC was reduced slightly after membrane filtration. Sedimentation pretreatment improved the membrane permeate flux in the beginning, but it caused serious pore blocking in the long run. On the other hand, pretreatment by coagulation/flocculation improved the membrane permeate flux of the SFBW from Hsinchu First Water Treatment Plant. However, it did not improve the membrane flux of the SFBW collected from Tonghsing Water Treatment Plant due to the complex factors such as particle size, coagulation condition, and fractal dimension of floc.
Books on the topic "Spent filter backwash water"
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Cornwell, David A. Innovative applications of treatment processes for spent filter backwash. Denver, Colo: Water Research Foundation, 2010.
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Anderson, Robert J. Evaluation of the Dynasand continuous-backwash upflow filter for water supply applications. Davis, calif: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of California, Davis, 1990.
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3
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water, ed. Filter backwash recycling rule: A quick reference guide. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 2001.
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Water treatment plant filter backwash optimization study: Final report. Albany, N.Y: NYSERDA, 1999.
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Edzwald, James K. Impacts of Filter Backwash Recycle on Clarification and Filtration. Amer Water Works Assn, 2001.
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Using DWSRF funds to comply with the filter backwash recycling rule. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, 2002.
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A, Amirtharajah, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Optimum backwash of dual media filters and GAC filter-adsorbers with air scour. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Spent filter backwash water"
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Chen, Y., J. Yin, H. Ying, L. Kuang, and S. Tong. "Pilot-scale study on treatment of spent filter backwash water by ultrafiltration." In Chemical Engineering III, 171–76. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16125-30.
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Sung Wang, Mu-Hao, Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, and Milos Krofta. "Recycling of Filter Backwash Water and Alum Sludge from Water Utility for Reuse." In Handbook of Advanced Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Management, 49–74. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315117423-3.
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Sung Wang, Mu-Hao, Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, and Milos Krofta. "Chapter 3 Recycling of Filter Backwash Water and Alum Sludge from Water Utility for Reuse." In Advances in Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment, 49–74. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374536-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Spent filter backwash water"
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Haber, Ludwig C., and James Smith. "Rotating Drum Raw Water Strainer Fluid Mechanics and Debris Cleanout." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27152.
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McGuire nuclear station and Alden have completed an extensive computational and experimental study characterizing the operating fluid mechanics and debris clean out behavior of a rotating drum strainer. The raw water strainer is installed on the suction side of the nuclear service water (RN) system pump. The strainer consists of a cylindrical shell inside of which a rotating drum is installed that is equipped with approximately 1500 filter media openings. Process supply water spills through the rotating drum openings on its way to the RN pump suction inlet, thus removing debris greater than approximately 3/16″. As the drum loads with debris, the operating pressure drop through the drum increases. At a preset drum pressure drop level, the backwash supply system is activated and sprays water through two supply shoes into backwash exit channels from which the debris laden water can be evacuated. The study was initiated to determine fluid dynamics and debris clean-out performance under various conditions. With definitive operating mechanics identified, an improved drum clean-out procedure and system was developed. The study combined the strengths of analytical CFD modeling with extensive experimental validation and debris testing. The study has proven to be valuable to the plant engineering team to help reduce required backwash supply flow, backwash channel exit flow (and hence horsepower) and to conclusively demonstrate the cleaning capabilities of the installed rotating drum strainer design.
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Boussouga, Youssef-Amine, Marina Valentukeviciene, and Ramune Zurauskiene. "Investigating Recycled Filter Media in order to Remove Fluoride Compounds from Groundwater." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.072.
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In this article, an enhanced recycled filter media for the removal of fluoride compounds from groundwater via filtration process was investigated. Experiments were made to investigate the influence of recycled filter media on removal efficiency of fluoride compounds. The recycled backwash cake based filter media used at Lithuanian water works were inves-tigated in a pilot test-bench constructed for this research in the Water Management Laboratory of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University.
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Prakash, Prakhar, Reid Concienne, Trevor Demayo, and Kirsten Towne. "Efficient Water Softening for Avoidance of Scales in Heavy Oil Steam Floods." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206115-ms.
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Abstract Pigging of Once Through Steam Generators (OTSGs) indicated various types of scales, the most predominant of these being silicates of hardness causing ions. It was noted that scaling propensity can potentially go up with higher Steam Quality (SQ) as the reject stream gets concentrated with ions. However, models suggested that there are benefits of higher SQ in enhancing fuel savings (8%) and electricity savings (2%) when SQ was increased by 20%. The challenges of higher SQ were noted in terms of increased scaling tendency and therefore the need for improved softening. In Field D, the service cycle, the backwash cycle, and the brining cycle were optimized leading to a gain in throughput and reduction in salt consumption. Service cycle improvement gained 30 % to 130 % in throughput between two regenerations, backwash cycle improvement by fluidizing the bed to nearly 35% helped gain 10% in throughput, and reduction of brining cycle from 75 minutes to 48 minutes helped reduce salt consumption by 56% without impacting the throughput. In Field B, a six month pilot revealed that shallow shell resins where ion-exchange is more efficient due to inert core (better intra particle diffusion control) can enhance the throughput by 30% - 80% and simultaneously reduce the number of regenerations by 15 – 30%. Resin fouling is still a major challenge to contend with as oil can foul the resin and throughput can decline by 0.5 – 3 folds. In a plant operation, where there are multiple softener and brine vessels, there is a need to optimize them as a system. Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Models are used in Field C to a) Address equipment configuration optimization with impact on capital capacity expansion project scope b) Understand how net softwater delivery capacity was affected by increases in inlet hardness and c) Assess through a comparison scenario, if the large cost of addressing the valve issue in an upstream nutshell filter was worth the lost production opportunity related to unplanned downtime.
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Porter, Jim. "Experience in Operating Mobile Solidification Plant for BNFL Environmental Services." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4578.
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UK power stations have generated wet radioactive wastes, principally from operation of treatment plants for cooling pond water and liquid effluents. These include ion exchange resins, filter backwash sludges, flocs, pond sludges, filter aids, and miscellaneous oily sludges. To treat these wastes, it was concluded that mobile plants offered significant benefits compared with the alternative of constructing fixed installations. NSG Environmental Ltd designed and built a Mobile LLW Solidification Plant, which we have operated on behalf of BNFL Environmental Services and its predecessors for over twelve years. Since commencing active operations in 1991 the plant has successfully performed 28 campaigns on 13 nuclearlicensed sites. A total of nearly 3,000 drums of active waste have been processed during those campaigns. There have been no failures to solidify wastes, no excessive doses to operators and no transport incidents.
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Mukunoki, Atsushi, Tamotsu Chiba, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Kenji Yamaguchi, Tomofumi Sakuragi, and Tokuro Nanba. "Further Development of Iodine Immobilization Technique by Low Temperature Vitrification With BiPbO2I." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16268.
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The authors describe progress in the development of low temperature vitrification with BiPbO2I (BPI) as a promising immobilization technique by which Iodine-129 is recovered by BiPbO2NO3 to form BPI, and then solidified into a lead-boron-zinc glass matrix (PbO-B2O3-ZnO) using a low temperature vitrification process. The microscopic structure of BPI glass was analyzed by various analytical techniques, such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance analysis), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), using several types of glass samples. The results obtained provide structural information on key elements in BPI glass and can be applied for modeling the structure of the BPI glass, simulated by molecular dynamics. The previous work suggested that the leaching behavior of iodine from BPI glass depended upon the chemical conditions of the solution. Further leaching tests using solutions under varying conditions were carried out in order to predict mechanisms of iodine leaching. Normalized elemental mass loss values of iodine in simulated seawater and bentonite pore water are almost the same as those of boron, showing that iodine dissolves congruently with BPI glass, whereas iodine dissolves incongruently in Ca(OH)2 solutions of pH 9 and 11. To demonstrate the feasibility of the BPI vitrification process, recovery tests of iodine from spent iodine filters were conducted and a prototype melting furnace was developed for scale-up tests of glass sample. It was found that more than 95% of iodine can be recovered from the spent iodine filter and that the prototype furnace can produce approximately 0.5 liters of homogeneous glass.
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Takeda, Hirofumi, and Toshiari Saegusa. "Development of Salt Particle Collection Device to Prevent SCC of Canisters." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75122.
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A natural cooling system is economical for removing the decay heat from casks at interim storage facilities of spent nuclear fuel. At storage facilities of concrete casks built near the seashore, the air including the sea salt particles comes into the concrete casks and may cause Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) to the canister made of welded stainless steel plates. In order to prevent SCC on the canister, it is necessary to keep the density of salt on the surface of the canister smaller than the threshold which causes SCC. In this study, the authors propose a salt particle collection device with a low flow resistance which doesn’t block the air inlet of the storage building. The salt particle collection device is installed at the inlet and composed of a duct with multiple trays where the water is filled. When the air including sea salt particles comes through the duct, it collides with the surface of the water in the trays, and the part of sea salt particles in the air dissolves in the water. Therefore, the salt carried into the building by the air is reduced. The salt water in the trays is discharged out of the building by overflowing. The device has the following characteristics. a) Because of the low flow resistance, the device doesn’t block the inflow of the air which needs for removing the heat from casks. b) Rainwater may be usable for the water used in the device. c) Because of the simple structure, the maintenance is easy. The authors conducted the experiments using the device in the laboratory and outdoors near the seashore. The obtained results are as follows: (1)The pressure loss of the device is 1/7 of that of a filter used in a forced cooling system and the efficiency of salt particle collection is approximately 24%. (2)The efficiency of salt particle collection in the outdoor tests is larger than that in the laboratory tests. By further experimental study, the authors will develop the device with lower pressure loss and higher efficiency of salt particle collection.