Academic literature on the topic 'Sperm defects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sperm defects"
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Chenoweth, Peter J. "Genetic sperm defects." Theriogenology 64, no. 3 (August 2005): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.005.
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IWANINA, Maria, and Stanisław KONDRACKI. "Dependence of the frequency of sperm defects and dimensions on sperm motility in ejaculates of Polish Landrace boars." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5067.
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An attempt was made to determine the dependence of the frequency of sperm defects and dimensions on sperm motility in ejaculates of Polish Landrace boars. The study was conducted on 393 ejaculates collected from 33 Polish Landrace boars. Ejaculates were grouped according to the percentage of sperm with progressive motility, distinguishing ejaculates in which the percentage of motile sperm was 70% and 80%. In each ejaculate, the frequency of morphological changes in the sperm was determined and morphometric measurements of the sperm were made. Ejaculates with a higher proportion of sperm with progressive motility were found to contain more sperm. The ejaculate volume and sperm concentration in the ejaculate were not found to be directly associated with sperm motility. The frequency of primary defects was linked to sperm motility. Ejaculates with higher sperm motility contained fewer sperm with primary defects. The frequency of minor morphological changes, however, shows no significant dependence on sperm motility in the ejaculate. The primary morphological sperm defects most often found in ejaculates are a proximal droplet and the Dag defect. Both of these morphological forms are more common in ejaculates with lower sperm motility. The most common secondary sperm defects include sperm with a simple bent tail, sperm with a free normal head, and sperm with a distal droplet. These defects were not found to depend on sperm motility in the ejaculate. Sperm cells in ejaculates with greater sperm motility had slightly larger dimensions than sperm in ejaculates with lower sperm motility. Ejaculates with higher sperm motility are preferable for use in practice, not only because more insemination portions can be prepared from them, but also due to the lower frequency of primary defects.
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El-Gothamy, Zenab, and May El-Samahy. "Ultrastructure sperm defects in addicts." Fertility and Sterility 57, no. 3 (March 1992): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54927-9.
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Baccetti, B. "Genetic sperm defects and consanguinity." Human Reproduction 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/16.7.1365.
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Nie, Hua, Yunge Tang, and Weibing Qin. "Beyond Acephalic Spermatozoa: The Complexity of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes." BioMed Research International 2020 (February 10, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6279795.
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This review analyses the genetic mechanisms of acephalic spermatozoa (AS) defects, which are associated with primary infertility in men. Several target genes of headless sperms have been identified but intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes are complex. Based on electron microscopic observations, broken points of the sperm neck are AS defects that are based on various genes that can be classified into three subtypes: HOOK1, SUN5, and PMFBP1 genes of subtype II; TSGA10 and BRDT genes of subgroup III, while the genetic mechanism(s) and aetiology of AS defects of subtype I have not been described and remain to be explored. Interestingly, all AS sperm of subtype II achieved better ICSI outcomes than other subtypes, resulting in clinical pregnancies and live births. For subtype III, the failure of clinical pregnancy can be explained by the defects of paternal centrioles that arrest embryonic development; for subtype I, this was due to a lack of a distal centriole. Consequently, the embryo quality and potential ICSI results of AS defects can be predicted by the subtypes of AS defects. However, this conclusion with regard to ICSI outcomes based on subtypes still needs further research, while the existence of quality of oocyte and implantation failure in women cannot be ignored.
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Hirahara, Fumiki. "Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Birth Defects." Journal of Mammalian Ova Research 30, no. 4 (October 2013): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1274/jmor.30.149.
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Lin, Yu-Hua, Chia-Yen Huang, Chih-Chun Ke, Ya-Yun Wang, Tsung-Hsuan Lai, Hsuan-Che Liu, Wei-Chi Ku, Chying-Chyuan Chan, and Ying-Hung Lin. "ACTN4 Mediates SEPT14 Mutation-Induced Sperm Head Defects." Biomedicines 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8110518.
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Septins (SEPTs) are highly conserved GTP-binding proteins and the fourth component of the cytoskeleton. Polymerized SEPTs participate in the modulation of various cellular processes, such as cytokinesis, cell polarity, and membrane dynamics, through their interactions with microtubules, actin, and other cellular components. The main objective of this study was to dissect the molecular pathological mechanism of SEPT14 mutation-induced sperm head defects. To identify SEPT14 interactors, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry were applied. Immunostaining showed that SEPT14 was significantly localized to the manchette structure. The SEPT14 interactors were identified and classified as (1) SEPT-, (2) microtubule-, (3) actin-, and (4) sperm structure-related proteins. One interactor, ACTN4, an actin-holding protein, was selected for further study. Co-IP experiments showed that SEPT14 interacts with ACTN4 in a male germ cell line. SEPT14 also co-localized with ACTN4 in the perinuclear and manchette regions of the sperm head in early elongating spermatids. In the cell model, mutated SEPT14 disturbed the localization pattern of ACTN4. In a clinical aspect, sperm with mutant SEPT14, SEPT14A123T (p.Ala123Thr), and SEPT14I333T (p.Ile333Thr), have mislocalized and fragmented ACTN4 signals. Sperm head defects in donors with SEPT14 mutations are caused by disruption of the functions of ACTN4 and actin during sperm head formation.
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Evenson, D. P. "Loss of livestock breeding efficiency due to uncompensable sperm nuclear defects." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 11, no. 1 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd98023.
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An important goal of modern analyses of semen is to elucidate the molecular traits of mammalian sperm chromatin structural abnormalities, defined here as ‘uncompensable’, that lead to abnormalities in fertility, pronuclear formation, early embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. Sperm with uncompensable nuclear abnormalities are able to fertilize oocytes both in vivo and in vitro; however, due to the uncompensable trait(s), the embryo development may be abnormal. Uncompensable nuclear traits can be experimentally induced in bull sperm by a mild thermal insult to the testis. Sperm nuclear morphology abnormalities seen in ejaculates 11-days post stress are likely related to molecular changes in chromatin observed 3-days post stress by the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The SCSA measures the susceptibility of sperm nuclear DNA to denaturation in situ. This susceptibility has been correlated with the presence of DNA strand breaks that may be derived in part by oxidative stress and possibly by a unique, abortive apoptotic mechanism. The extent of DNA denaturation is not significantly related to the level of disulfide bonding between the chromatin protamines. The use of human sperm with uncompensable nuclear traits for artificial reproductive techniques is also discussed. The goal of this research is to remove from semen doses those sperm with uncompensable nuclear traits and thereby increase male fertility potential. Extra key words: male fertility potential, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA).
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Lasiene, K., V. Gedrimas, A. Vitkus, S. Glinskyte, V. Lasys, A. Valanciute, and W. Sienkiewicz. "Evaluation of morphological criteria of sperm quality before in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0112.
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Abstract The quality of sperm has a direct influence on the fertilization and developmental competence of embryos. In the literature we did not find defined criteria for evaluation of normal sperm parameters in various species of domestic mammals. Therefore we attempted to review evaluation of criteria of morphologically normal human sperm and their abnormalities. All sperm cells observed in the stained sample are classified as normal or abnormal. Any abnormalities in morphology of sperm have a negative effect on the outcome in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Abnormal sperm are categorized into subgroups according to the observed defects (concerning the head and/or midpiece and/or tail). Most morphologically abnormal sperm have multiple defects. This article can be considered as guideline for the manual of sperm quality evaluation in different species of domestic mammals.
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Skowronek, F., G. Casanova, J. Alciaturi, A. Capurro, L. Cantu, J. M. Montes, and R. Sapiro. "DNA sperm damage correlates with nuclear ultrastructural sperm defects in teratozoospermic men." Andrologia 44, no. 1 (May 19, 2011): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.2010.01106.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sperm defects"
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Ferguson, Kyle Akira. "Meiotic defects in infertile men." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1228.
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While the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has revolutionized the treatment of male infertility, concerns have been raised regarding the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancies derived from ICSI. Studies on sperm from infertile men have suggested that this population may produce higher rates of aneuploid sperm. Thus, we hypothesized that defects in early meiotic events may contribute to both male infertility and the production of aneuploid sperm.
We used immunofluorescent techniques to observe the synapsis and recombination of chromosomes during meiosis, and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) to assess sperm aneuploidy. We analyzed testicular tissue from thirty-one men (10 fertile and 21 infertile men). We observed that ~36% (5/14) of men with impaired spermatogenesis displayed reduced genome-wide recombination. When all men were pooled, we observed an inverse correlation between the frequency of sex chromosome recombination and XY disomy in the sperm. We combined immunofluorescent and FISH techniques to study recombination patterns on chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 in fifteen men (5 fertile and 10 infertile men). Four of the infertile men displayed altered recombination distributions on at least one of the chromosome arms studied. Finally, we examined early meiotic events in two biopsies from an azoospermic t(8;13) carrier. While global recombination rates were not altered, recombination frequencies were reduced specifically on the rearranged chromosomes. Asynapsed quadrivalents were observed in 90% and 87% of pachytene nuclei from the first and second biopsies, respectively, and were frequently associated with the sex chromosomes. BRCA1 and γH2AX, two proteins implicated in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, localized along asynapsed regions regardless of whether or not they were associated with the sex chromosomes, suggesting that regions of autosomal chromosomes that fail to synapse undergo transcriptional silencing in humans.
In summary, we observed that a subset of infertile men display alterations in the number and position of meiotic crossovers, which may contribute to both infertility and an increased risk of sperm aneuploidy. The fidelity of synapsis is also a critical factor in determining the outcome of gametogenesis in humans, as the transcriptional inactivation of asynapsed regions may silence meiotic genes, leading to meiotic arrest and infertility.
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Silva, Márcio Ribeiro. "Estudo genético quantitativo das características andrológicas de touros jovens da raça Nelore /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104935.
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Resumo: Diante do grande impacto da fertilidade dos touros sobre as eficiências reprodutiva e produtiva em rebanhos comerciais, o presente trabalho foi realizado visando avaliar as características testiculares e seminais como critérios de seleção de touros jovens da raça Nelore. As correlações fenotípicas foram, de modo geral, baixas ou nulas (P<0,01) entre as características testiculares, seminais e de crescimento. Todas as características testiculares ou seminais deverão ser contempladas no exame andrológico, visto a independência existente entre as mesmas e a importância destas na comprovação da fertilidade de touros. Os componentes de (co)variância e os valores genéticos foram estimados pelo método da amostragem de Gibbs pelo programa GIBBS2F90, sob modelo animal, o qual incluiu como efeitos fixos, os grupos de contemporâneos e a idade do animal e como aleatório o efeito genético aditivo direto. As estimativas de herdabilidade para perímetro escrotal aos 18 meses, perímetro escrotal no andrológico, volume testicular, formato testicular, aptidão andrológica, defeitos espermáticos maiores, menores e totais foram: 0,42; 0,41; 0,23; 0,22; 0,10; 0,16; 0,04 e 0,15. As correlações genéticas entre perímetro escrotal aos 18 meses com as demais características testiculares e aptidão andrológica foram baixas a altas, de 0,20 a 0,84 e, baixas com as seminais, de -0,16 a -0,24. A circunferência escrotal como critério de seleção deverá promover ganho genético rápido por seleção individual e, por resposta correlacionada, aumento do volume testicular, mudança para formas mais esféricas dos testículos, melhoria da qualidade seminal e aumento do número de animais aptos à reprodução nas condições extensivas de criação no Brasil.Abstract: Considering the great impact of fertility of bulls on reproductive and productive efficiency in commercial herds, the objective of this study was to evaluate the testicular and seminal traits as selection criteria of Nellore young bulls. The residual correlations between the traits were analyzed and, in general, the phenotypic associations were small (P<0.01) or null between the testicular, seminal and growth traits. The testicular or seminal traits should be considered in breeding soundness examination, due to their independence of each other and the importance to fertility of bulls. The genetic (co)variance components and genetic values were estimated by the Gibbs sampling method, using the program GIBBS2F90, under an animal model, which included, as fixed effects, the contemporary groups and animal age and, as random effect, the additive genetic effect. The heritability estimates for scrotal circumference at 18 months, scrotal circumference, testicular volume, testicular format, breeding soundness classification, major sperm defects, minor and total sperm defects were: 0.42, 0.41, 0.23, 0.22, 0.10., 0.16, 0.04 and 0.15. Genetic correlations between scrotal circumference at 18 months and others testicular traits and breeding soundness classification were low to high (0.20 to 0.84) and, with seminal traits was low (-0.16 to - 0.24). The scrotal circumference as a selection criterion should result in rapid genetic gain by individual selection, and as correlated response, should result in testicular volume, changes to more spherical shapes of the testicles, improved sperm quality and increased number of satisfactory bulls for breeding under extensive conditions in Brazil.
Orientadora: Lúcia Galvão de Albuquerque
Coorientador: Joanir Pereira Eler
Banca: José Bento Sterman Ferraz
Banca: José Domingos Guimarães
Banca: Humberto Tonhati
Banca: Maurício Mello de Alencar
Doutor
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Kummer, Aline Beatriz Heinen Prates. "Uso de análise multivariada para determinar a associação do desempenho reprodutivo de machos suinos com as caracteristicas seminais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49699.
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A aplicação de novos sistemas para medir as características de deslocamento espermático e sua associação com a fertilidade vem apresentando um crescimento recente. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) permite uma avaliação padronizada das características da motilidade espermática e é plausível que a combinação destes parâmetros com as características morfológicas seminais possam estimar a fertilidade do ejaculado. O desempenho reprodutivo (taxa de parto - TP e número de leitões nascidos totais - NT) de 14 reprodutores suínos foi obtido a partir de um experimento conduzido em uma granja comercial com fêmeas multíparas utilizando inseminação homospérmica com deposição intra-cervical e dois bilhões de espermatozoides móveis por dose inseminante. Durante 10 semanas, as fêmeas (n=948) foram inseminadas e igualmente distribuídas entre os machos testados de acordo com a ordem de parto, média do histórico de leitões nascidos, escore de condição corporal, intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), duração da lactação e número de leitões desmamados. Características da motilidade espermática, avaliadas pelo sistema CASA in natura e durante armazenamento a 17°C por 240h, e os defeitos morfológicos avaliados no sêmen in natura, foram incluídas na análise para determinar quais parâmetros espermáticos foram importantes para discriminar o potencial reprodutivo dos ejaculados desses machos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise multivariada que incluiu procedimentos estatísticos tais como: análises de cluster, canônica e discriminante. Dentre os 14 machos avaliados, 4 clusters foram formados com base nos resultados reprodutivos. Um macho, com menor resultado de TP e NT (89,7% e 11,98) e dois machos, com os maiores valores de TP e NT (97,8% e 14,16) foram alocados em diferentes grupos. Os demais machos foram separados em outros dois grupos distintos (4 e 7 machos), incluindo machos com valores semelhantes de NT (12,64 e 13,22) mas divergentes na TP (95,9% vs. 91,8%). A análise canônica permitiu separar os grupos, sendo a melhor separação observada entre o grupo menos fértil e os demais. As características seminais que demonstraram melhor capacidade de discriminação dos grupos incluíram motilidade espermática total, motilidade progressiva, amplitude do deslocamento lateral da cabeça espermática, além das características morfológicas tal como a presença de gota citoplasmática. A análise multivariada discriminante permitiu classificar corretamente mais de 80% dos 140 ejaculados avaliados em seus respectivos grupos. A análise multivariada pode ser uma eficiente ferramenta estatística na discriminação do potencial reprodutivo de cachaços.The application of new approaches that measure certain sperm motion characteristics and their association with boar fertility has shown a recent increase. Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) offers standardized assessment of multiple sperm motion parameters and it is plausible that the combination of these parameters with morphological sperm defects may indicate the fertility potential of boars. The fertility outcome (farrowing rate - FR and number of total piglets born - TB) of 14 boars was obtained from a field trial conducted in a commercial farm using multiparous sows through single sire mating with two billion motile sperm cells per AI dose. Sows (n=948) bred were equally distributed among boars according to parity, mean lifetime number of piglets born, body condition score, weaning-to-estrus interval, lactation length and number of weaned piglets during 10 weeks of breeding period. Sperm motion parameters evaluated with CASA system in natura and in semen stored at 17°C for 240h in addition to morphological sperm defects, measured at the collection day, were included in the analysis to determine which semen traits were important to discriminate the fertility potential of ejaculates from these boars. The data underwent multivariate statistical analysis, including cluster, canonical and discriminant analyses. Among the 14 evaluated boars four clusters were formed based on fertility outcome. One boar, with the lowest FR and TB values (89.7% and 11.98), and two boars, with the highest FR and TB values (97.8% and 14.16), were placed in different clusters. The others boars were separated in two new distinct clusters (4 and 7 boars), including boars with intermediate TB (12.64 and 13.22) but divergent values of FR (95.9% vs. 91.8%). Canonical analysis was able to separate the individual ejaculates into the previously clustered boars and a better separation was shown between the lowest fertility group and the others. Semen traits which had higher discriminatory power included total motility, progressive motility, amplitude of lateral head displacement, analyzed during semen storage, and sperm morphological defects such as cytoplasmatic droplets. The multivariate discriminant analysis showed that more than 80% of the 140 ejaculates were correctly classified into their own group. The multivariate analysis can be an efficient statistical tool to improve the discrimination of potential fertility of boars.
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Steiner, Jessica Kathryne. "Characterization of sterility and germline defects caused by Smed-boule RNA-interference." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1463490878.
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Silva, Márcio Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Estudo genético quantitativo das características andrológicas de touros jovens da raça Nelore." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104935.
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Diante do grande impacto da fertilidade dos touros sobre as eficiências reprodutiva e produtiva em rebanhos comerciais, o presente trabalho foi realizado visando avaliar as características testiculares e seminais como critérios de seleção de touros jovens da raça Nelore. As correlações fenotípicas foram, de modo geral, baixas ou nulas (P<0,01) entre as características testiculares, seminais e de crescimento. Todas as características testiculares ou seminais deverão ser contempladas no exame andrológico, visto a independência existente entre as mesmas e a importância destas na comprovação da fertilidade de touros. Os componentes de (co)variância e os valores genéticos foram estimados pelo método da amostragem de Gibbs pelo programa GIBBS2F90, sob modelo animal, o qual incluiu como efeitos fixos, os grupos de contemporâneos e a idade do animal e como aleatório o efeito genético aditivo direto. As estimativas de herdabilidade para perímetro escrotal aos 18 meses, perímetro escrotal no andrológico, volume testicular, formato testicular, aptidão andrológica, defeitos espermáticos maiores, menores e totais foram: 0,42; 0,41; 0,23; 0,22; 0,10; 0,16; 0,04 e 0,15. As correlações genéticas entre perímetro escrotal aos 18 meses com as demais características testiculares e aptidão andrológica foram baixas a altas, de 0,20 a 0,84 e, baixas com as seminais, de -0,16 a -0,24. A circunferência escrotal como critério de seleção deverá promover ganho genético rápido por seleção individual e, por resposta correlacionada, aumento do volume testicular, mudança para formas mais esféricas dos testículos, melhoria da qualidade seminal e aumento do número de animais aptos à reprodução nas condições extensivas de criação no Brasil.
Considering the great impact of fertility of bulls on reproductive and productive efficiency in commercial herds, the objective of this study was to evaluate the testicular and seminal traits as selection criteria of Nellore young bulls. The residual correlations between the traits were analyzed and, in general, the phenotypic associations were small (P<0.01) or null between the testicular, seminal and growth traits. The testicular or seminal traits should be considered in breeding soundness examination, due to their independence of each other and the importance to fertility of bulls. The genetic (co)variance components and genetic values were estimated by the Gibbs sampling method, using the program GIBBS2F90, under an animal model, which included, as fixed effects, the contemporary groups and animal age and, as random effect, the additive genetic effect. The heritability estimates for scrotal circumference at 18 months, scrotal circumference, testicular volume, testicular format, breeding soundness classification, major sperm defects, minor and total sperm defects were: 0.42, 0.41, 0.23, 0.22, 0.10., 0.16, 0.04 and 0.15. Genetic correlations between scrotal circumference at 18 months and others testicular traits and breeding soundness classification were low to high (0.20 to 0.84) and, with seminal traits was low (-0.16 to - 0.24). The scrotal circumference as a selection criterion should result in rapid genetic gain by individual selection, and as correlated response, should result in testicular volume, changes to more spherical shapes of the testicles, improved sperm quality and increased number of satisfactory bulls for breeding under extensive conditions in Brazil.
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Ourique, Giovana de Moraes. "RESVERATROL AUMENTA A MOTILIDADE ESPERMÁTICA, PREVINE A LIPOPEROXIDAÇÃO E MELHORA AS DEFESAS ANTIOXIDANTES EM TESTÍCULOS DE RATOS HIPERTIREÓIDEOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9018.
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Hyperthyroidism may lead to an increase in oxidative stress (OS) in testis, may cause male reproductive disorders, among them, the loss in the sperm quality. The effect of resveratrol (RSV) on sperm motility and on OS parameters in testis of euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats was investigated. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of triiodothyronine (T3) (100 μg/kg, i.p.) for six weeks. After two weeks, concomitantly to T3 treatment, animals received daily injections of RSV at dose of 1 mg/kg e 10 mg/kg (i.p.) during four weeks, totaling six experimental weeks. At the end of experimental period animals were euthanized for removal of organs. Sperm of cauda epididymal was collected for sperm motility and morphology analysis Testis were homogenized for determination of lipoperoxidation by lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) levels; activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST); and non-enzimatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Hyperthyroid rats presented lower sperm motility, higher lipid hydroperoxides and TBARS levels, lower CAT and GPx activities and higher GST activity in testis than animals of control groups. RSV treatment at doses of 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg was able to prevent the loss on sperm motility induced by hyperthyroidism. In addition, RSV decreased lipid hydroperoxides and TBARS levels; reversed the decrease in CAT and GPx activities; and also prevented the increase in GST activity caused by hyperthyroidism in adult rat testis. Together these data show the protective effect of RSV in the testis, preserving sperm motility, and protecting testis against oxidative damage caused by hyperthyroidism, which suggests the RSV as a possible target of studies in the search for therapeutic strategies in order to preserve testicular function.O hipertireoidismo pode levar ao aumento do estresse oxidativo (EO) nos testículos, podendo causar desordens na função reprodutiva masculina, entre elas, a perda na qualidade espermática. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do resveratrol (RSV) na qualidade espermática e em parâmetros de EO no testículo de ratos eutireóideos e hipertireóideos. O hipertireoidismo foi induzido pela injeção intraperitoneal (i.p) diária de triiodotironina (T3) (100 μg/kg) durante seis semanas. Após duas semanas do início do experimento, concomitante ao tratamento com T3, os animais começaram a receber injeções diárias de RSV nas doses de 1 mg/kg ou 10 mg/kg (i.p.) por quatro semanas, totalizando as seis semanas de tratamento. No final do período experimental, os animais foram eutanasiados para retirada dos órgãos. Os espermatozóides da cauda do epidídimo foram coletados para análise de motilidade e morfologia. Os testículos foram homogeneizados para determinação da lipoperoxidação através dos níveis de hidroperóxidos lipídicos e de substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS); da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e glutationa-S-transferase (GST); e dos níveis do antioxidante não-enzimático glutationa (GSH). Os ratos hipertireóideos apresentaram menor motilidade espermática, maiores níveis de hidroperóxidos lipídicos e de TBARS, menor atividade da CAT e da GPx e maior atividade da GST do que os animais dos grupos controle. O tratamento com RSV, nas doses de 1 mg/kg e 10 mg/kg, foi capaz de prevenir a perda de motilidade espermática induzida no hipertireoidismo. Em adição, o RSV também diminuiu níveis de hidroperóxidos lipídicos e de TBARS; reverteu a diminuição na atividade da CAT e da GPx; além de prevenir o aumento na atividade da GST causado pelo modelo de hipertireoidismo em testículos de ratos adultos. Em conjunto estes dados mostram o efeito protetor do RSV no testículo, preservando a motilidade espermática e protegendo contra danos oxidativos causados pelo hipertireoidismo, o que sugere o RSV como um possível alvo de estudos na busca de estratégias terapêuticas com o objetivo de preservar a função testicular.
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Tararbit, Karim. "Assistance médicale à la procréation et cardiopathies congénitales : études en population." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T024/document.
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A partir de données en population, nous avons: 1) évalué le risque de cardiopathies congénitales (CC) chez les fœtus conçus par assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP); et 2) déterminé les effets de l’AMP sur la prise en charge prénatale et le devenir périnatal des fœtus porteurs de CC. Nous avons observé que l'AMP était associée à une augmentation de 40% du risque de CC sans anomalies chromosomiques associées (OR ajusté = 1,4 IC95% 1,1-1,7). Nous avons également retrouvé qu'il existait des associations variables selon la catégorie de CC et la méthode d'AMP considérées. Nous avons observé que l'AMP était associée à une multiplication par 2,4 du risque de tétralogie de Fallot (OR ajusté = 2,4 IC95% 1,5-3,7), alors que nous n’avons pas retrouvé d’association statistiquement significative pour les trois autres CC spécifiques étudiées. Dans notre population, l'exposition à l'AMP ne semblait pas modifier le recours au diagnostic prénatal et à l'interruption médicale de grossesse chez les fœtus porteurs de CC comparés aux fœtus porteurs de CC conçus spontanément. Nous avons par ailleurs observé que le risque de prématurité des fœtus porteurs de CC conçus par AMP était environ 5 fois plus élevé que celui des fœtus porteurs de CC conçus spontanément (OR ajusté = 5,0 IC95% 2,9-8,6). En nous basant sur une méthodologie d'analyses de cheminement, nous avons retrouvé que les grossesses multiples contribuaient pour environ 20% au risque plus élevé de tétralogie de Fallot associé à l'AMP que nous avons observé. Enfin, les grossesses multiples contribuaient pour environ 2/3 du risque de prématurité associé à l'AMP chez les fœtus porteurs de CCUsing population-Based data, we: 1) assessed the risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) conceived fetuses; and 2) evaluated the effects of ART on prenatal management and perinatal outcomes of fetuses with CHD. We observed that ART were associated with a 40% increased risk of CHD without associated chromosomal anomalies (adjusted OR = 1.4 95%CI 1.1-1.7). We also found varying associations between the different methods of ART and categories of CHD. We observed that ART were associated with 2.4-Higher odds of tetralogy of Fallot (adjusted OR = 2.4 95%CI 1.5-3.7), whereas no statistically significant association was found for the three other specific CHD included. In our population, ART exposure did not seem to modify prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly in fetuses with CHD compared to fetuses with CHD conceived spontaneously. The risk for premature birth in fetuses with CHD conceived following ART was 5-Fold higher as compared to fetuses with CHD conceived spontaneously (adjusted OR = 5.0 95%CI 2.9-8.6). Using a path-Analysis method, we found that multiple pregnancies contributed for about 20% to the higher risk of tetralogy of Fallot associated with ART that we had found. Finally, multiple pregnancies contributed for the 2/3 of the risk of premature birth associated with ART in fetuses with CHD
Books on the topic "Sperm defects"
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Firth, Helen V., Jane A. Hurst, and Judith G. Hall. Pregnancy and fertility. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192628961.003.0203.
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Anterior abdominal wall defects 566Assisted reproductive technology: in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) 568Bowed limbs 572Club-foot (talipes) 574Congenital cystic lung lesions, Currarino syndrome, and sacrococcygeal teratoma 576Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 578Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 580...
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Dohle, Gert R. Surgical treatment of male infertility. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0097.
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Surgical treatment of male infertility is indicated in men with obstructive azoospermia due to epididymal and vassal blockage, in infertile men with a varicocele and oligozoospermia, and to harvest spermatozoa for future intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Testis biopsy may be performed in men with normal testis volume and normal gonadotrophins to confirm the diagnosis of obstructive azoospermia. Furthermore, testis biopsies are indicated in men with risk factors for testis cancer, such as infertility and ultrasonograhic abnormalities.Varicocele repair seems effective in case of an infertility duration of at least 2 years, oligozoospermia, and otherwise unexplained infertility in a couple. The advantages of surgery in these couples are a fair chance of spontaneous pregnancies at relative low cost and with less obstetric problems and birth defect compared to pregnancies from IVF procedures.
Book chapters on the topic "Sperm defects"
1
Malhotra, Vineet. "Genetic Basis of Sperm Morphologic Defects: Head Defects and Body and Tail Defects." In Genetics of Male Infertility, 121–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37972-8_7.
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Woodall, Alan A., and Bruce N. Ames. "Nutritional Prevention of DNA Damage to Sperm and Consequent Risk Reduction in Birth Defects and Cancer in Offspring." In Preventive Nutrition, 373–85. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6242-6_20.
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Castañeda, Julio M., Haruhiko Miyata, Masahito Ikawa, and Martin M. Matzuk. "Sperm Defects." In Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 276–81. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64778-5.
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Afzelius, Björn A. "The sperm cytoskeleton and its defects." In Cytoskeleton in Specialized Tissues and in Pathological States, 325–57. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-6020(96)80014-0.
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Camprubí, Cristina, and Joan Blanco. "The Application of Genetic Tests in an Assisted Reproduction Unit: DNA Methylation Defects." In A Practical Guide to Sperm Analysis, 115–24. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315151632-10.
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"The Application of Genetic Tests in an Assisted Reproduction Unit: DNA Methylation Defects." In A Practical Guide to Sperm Analysis, 115–24. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151632-11.
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Sacha, Caitlin, and John Petrozza. "Reproductive Technologies and the Risk of Birth Defects." In 50 Studies Every Obstetrician-Gynecologist Should Know, 251–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190947088.003.0046.
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Understanding the risks of adverse outcomes such as birth defects after the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is crucial for both OB/GYN physicians and patients suffering from infertility. In a South Australian population cohort study of 308,974 spontaneous and assisted pregnancies between 1986 and 2002 in women over age 20, assisted conceptions were associated with an increased risk of birth defects, including cerebral palsy, compared to spontaneous conceptions in fertile women (adjusted odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.41). However, when examining in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) pregnancies, only ICSI with fresh transfer remained associated with an increased risk of birth defects compared to spontaneous conceptions in fertile women in adjusted models. These findings suggest that while patients should be counseled regarding the potential increased risk of birth defects with ART procedures such as ICSI, more research is needed regarding the impact of infertility itself and specific ART interventions on neonatal outcomes.
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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki. "Climate Change on Fertility and Reproductive Processes of Female Livestock." In Climate Change and Its Impact on Fertility, 263–77. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4480-8.ch013.
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The effects of climate change continues to be a growing modern-day challenge. Climate change-induced heat stress disrupts reproductive and fertility systems in livestock. In males, it modifies the physiology of the spermatogenic cycle resulting to poor quality semen and high prevalence of secondary sperm defects. In female livestock, heat stress decreases the production of gonadotrophins, results to hormonal imbalance, decreases the quality of oocytes, and lengthens the oestrous period leading to infertility. These effects can be reversed through genetic modifications, nutritive supplementation, physical cooling mechanisms, and hormonal therapies. The successful implementation of the ameliorative strategies is pegged on improved research and their combined administration. Ultimately, climate change mitigation and adaptation are indispensable to overcome fertility problems in livestock among other environmental effects of the climate variations.
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Nyika, Joan Mwihaki. "Climate Change on Fertility and Reproductive Processes of Female Livestock." In Climate Change and Its Impact on Fertility, 263–77. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4480-8.ch013.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of climate change continues to be a growing modern-day challenge. Climate change-induced heat stress disrupts reproductive and fertility systems in livestock. In males, it modifies the physiology of the spermatogenic cycle resulting to poor quality semen and high prevalence of secondary sperm defects. In female livestock, heat stress decreases the production of gonadotrophins, results to hormonal imbalance, decreases the quality of oocytes, and lengthens the oestrous period leading to infertility. These effects can be reversed through genetic modifications, nutritive supplementation, physical cooling mechanisms, and hormonal therapies. The successful implementation of the ameliorative strategies is pegged on improved research and their combined administration. Ultimately, climate change mitigation and adaptation are indispensable to overcome fertility problems in livestock among other environmental effects of the climate variations.
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Bouloux, P. M. G. "Disorders of male reproduction and male hypogonadism." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Mark Gurnell, 2386–406. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0252.
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The adult testis performs two principle functions: the synthesis and secretion of androgens, and the production of male germ cells, the spermatozoa. Testosterone is essential for male sexual differentiation, growth, and function of the male genital tract, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual potency, and production of spermatozoa. Hypogonadism may be due to disorders of the pituitary/hypothalamus (secondary or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or testes (primary or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism). Its symptoms and signs depend on the age of onset of androgen deficiency. Prepubertal presentation is with sexual infantilism, delayed puberty, and eunuchoidal body proportions. Male infertility may affect 5% of men of reproductive age and is caused by a heterogeneous group of disorders. The commonest cause (60% of cases) is ‘idiopathic’ azoo/oligozoospermia, although many cases are now recognized as due to discrete gene defects associated with impaired spermatogenesis. Other causes include cryptorchidism, testicular tumours, genital tract infection, obstructive azoospermia, and sperm autoimmunity.