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Journal articles on the topic 'Sperm guarding'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kelly, Clint D. "Male-biased sex ratios and plasticity in post-insemination behaviour in the New Zealand stick insect Micrarchus hystriculeus." Behaviour 152, no. 5 (2015): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003247.

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The duration of mate guarding by males is predicted to vary in accordance with the risk of sperm competition or mate encounter rate. Mate guarding is predicted to be prolonged under a male-biased sex ratio because the risk of sperm competition is high or the mate encounter rate is low. A consistently male-biased sex ratio should thus select for greater mate fidelity, and reduced plasticity in guarding behaviour, by males. Micrarchus hystriculeus Westwood (Phasmatodea) is a sexually size dimorphic stick insect in which males form prolonged post-insemination associations with their mates and who

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2

Fryer, T., C. Cannings, and G. T. Vickers. "Sperm Competition. II—Post-copulatory Guarding." Journal of Theoretical Biology 197, no. 3 (1999): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1998.0879.

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3

Gullberg, Annica, Mats Olsson, and Hakan Tegelström. "Mate Guarding in Male Sand Lizards (Lacerta Agilis)." Behaviour 133, no. 5-6 (1996): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00503.

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AbstractWe investigated factors that may determine mate guarding tactics in male sand lizards. In a sample of lizards from a museum collection, larger males had larger testis, but in laboratory experiments and in a natural population larger males did not sire more offspring. Males with long inter-copulatory intervals were more successful in sperm competition than males with short inter-copulatory intervals. In the wild, the operational sex ratio (OSR, No of receptive females/No of sexually active males) declined throughout the mating season. Mean duration of mate guardings was unaffected by OS

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4

Del Matto, Lygia A., Renato C. Macedo-Rego, and Eduardo S. A. Santos. "Mate-guarding duration is mainly influenced by the risk of sperm competition and not by female quality in a golden orb-weaver spider." PeerJ 9 (October 22, 2021): e12310. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12310.

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Males are expected to mate with as many females as possible, but can maximize their reproductive success through strategic mating decisions. For instance, males can increase their own fitness by mating with high quality females that produce more offspring. Additionally, males can adjust mating effort based on the relative distribution of females and male competitors. To test factors that influence male mate choice, we assessed male mating decisions in the golden silk orb-weaver spider, Trichonephila clavipes (Nephilidae), a species in which females are polyandrous, males guard females before a

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5

Carazo, P., E. Font, and B. Alfthan. "Chemosensory assessment of sperm competition levels and the evolution of internal spermatophore guarding." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1607 (2006): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3714.

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Males of many species adjust their reproductive behaviour according to the perceived risk of sperm competition. Although this phenomenon is widespread in insects and other animals, the mechanisms that allow mates to assess sperm competition levels remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analysed the mating behaviour of pairs of Tenebrio molitor beetles under three odour treatments representing increasing levels of sperm competition risk (SCR) and sperm competition intensity (SCI). Copula duration and male and female post-copulatory behaviour varied significantly with odour treatment. Both

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6

Sheldon, B. C. "Timing and Use of Paternity Guards By Male Chaffinches." Behaviour 129, no. 1-2 (1994): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853994x00361.

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AbstractI studied the relative timing and extent to which male chaffinches used two alternative paternity guards, frequent copulation and mate guarding by close following. Males guarded their mates strongly, and guarding peaked in intensity on day -2 relative to laying. Male mate guarding intensity varied predictably with the value of the female to the male in three ways: (a) guarding intensity increased from day to day as laying approached, as does the risk of a single EPC fertilizing an egg. (b) Males reduced their level of guarding when their females laid the penultimate egg of the clutch a

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7

Morton, Eugene S. "Variation in Mate Guarding Intensity By Male Purple Martins." Behaviour 101, no. 1-3 (1987): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00440.

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AbstractThe frequency with which individual male purple martins (Hirundinidae: Progne subis) guard their mates during forays to gather nest material varies from 0 to 100%. During such forays, guarding males accompany their mates continuously from the time a female leaves the nest site until she returns to the nest site with nest material. Non-guarding males do not accompany females on these collecting forays. Unguarded females are subject to forced extrapair copulation attempts on almost all of their forays to collect nest material. Because this suggested that non-guarding males may have a low

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8

Arundell, Katherine L., Nina Wedell, and Alison M. Dunn. "Perceived risk of sperm competition affects sperm investment in a mate-guarding amphipod." Animal Behaviour 87 (January 2014): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.11.005.

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9

Liljedal, Ståle, and Ivar Folstad. "Milt quality, parasites, and immune function in dominant and subordinate Arctic charr." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 2 (2003): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-244.

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Within a species, different males may display different mating strategies. For example, some males may be selected to invest in attractiveness and mate guarding, whereas others are selected for increased sperm production and sneaky breeding. In systems with a hierarchical structure, dominant males are expected to adopt mate-guarding behaviour and subordinate males sneaky-breeding behaviour. In this study, we kept wild-caught and sexually ripe male Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in size-matched pairs and determined social rank from the number of aggressive encounters. After 4 days, subordina

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10

Storey, Anne E., Roberta J. French, and Ronald Payne. "Sperm Competition and Mate Guarding in Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)." Ethology 101, no. 4 (2010): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1995.tb00364.x.

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11

Tuni, Cristina, Jutta Schneider, Gabriele Uhl, and Marie E. Herberstein. "Sperm competition when transfer is dangerous." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1813 (2020): 20200073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0073.

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Aggressive and cannibalistic female spiders can impose strong selection on male mating and fertilization strategies. Furthermore, the distinctive reproductive morphology of spiders is predicted to influence the outcome of sperm competition. Polyandry is common in spiders, leading to defensive male strategies that include guarding, plugging and self-sacrifice. Paternity patterns are highly variable and unlikely to be determined solely by mating order, but rather by relative copulation duration, deployment of plugs and cryptic female choice. The ability to strategically allocate sperm is limited

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12

Zaldívar-Rae, Jaime, and Hugh Drummond. "Female accompaniment by male whiptail lizards: is it mate guarding?" Behaviour 144, no. 11 (2007): 1383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907782418187.

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AbstractPost-copulatory female accompaniment by males is often interpreted as mate guarding. However, several alternative hypotheses for the function of accompaniment have received little attention. We analysed potential functions of post-copulatory accompaniment in whiptail lizards, Aspidoscelis costata, by comparing 23 accompanied females and 54 unaccompanied females in the field. Male companions closely followed females for 1 to 2 days around ovulation, after which females became unreceptive. Unaccompanied females were in all stages of the reproductive cycle, including 12 nearly-ovulating f

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Simmons, Leigh W., Geoff A. Parker, and David J. Hosken. "Evolutionary insight from a humble fly: sperm competition and the yellow dungfly." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1813 (2020): 20200062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0062.

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Studies of the yellow dungfly in the 1960s provided one of the first quantitative demonstrations of the costs and benefits associated with male and female reproductive behaviour. These studies advanced appreciation of sexual selection as a significant evolutionary mechanism and contributed to the 1970s paradigm shift toward individual selectionist thinking. Three behaviours in particular led to the realization that sexual selection can continue during and after mating: (i) female receptivity to remating, (ii) sperm displacement and (iii) post-copulatory mate guarding. These behaviours either g

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Duluc, Céline, Bernard Sainte-Marie, and Jean-Claude Brêthes. "Value of indicators for assessing recent mating in brachyuran crabs." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 1 (2005): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405010945h.

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Methods for assessing the occurrence and recency of mating are important for the management and conservation of exploited brachyuran crabs. Using multiparous females of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio, we evaluated by experiment the efficacy of three indicators of recent mating: a white deposit in the spermathecae, extended mate-guarding, and fresh grasping marks on the female pereiopods. This was done by contrasting sperm counts between the left and the right spermatheca of females that were exposed to males with the right gonopod ablated, at treatment sex ratios of 20[female]:3[male ] or 5

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15

Alonzo and Warner. "Allocation to Mate Guarding or Increased Sperm Production in a Mediterranean Wrasse." American Naturalist 156, no. 3 (2000): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3079149.

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16

Harari, A. R. "Prolonged mate guarding and sperm competition in the weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.)." Behavioral Ecology 14, no. 1 (2003): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/14.1.89.

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17

Leivers, Samantha, Gillian Rhodes, and Leigh W. Simmons. "Sperm Competition in Humans: Mate Guarding Behavior Negatively Correlates with Ejaculate Quality." PLoS ONE 9, no. 9 (2014): e108099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108099.

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Alonzo, Suzanne H., and Robert R. Warner. "Allocation to Mate Guarding or Increased Sperm Production in a Mediterranean Wrasse." American Naturalist 156, no. 3 (2000): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/303391.

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Parker, Geoff A. "Conceptual developments in sperm competition: a very brief synopsis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1813 (2020): 20200061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0061.

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The past half century has seen the development of the field of post-ejaculatory sexual selection, the sequel to sexual selection for mate-acquisition (pre-ejaculatory) described by Darwin. In richness and diversity of adaptations, post-ejaculatory selection rivals that of pre-ejaculatory sexual selection. Anisogamy—and hence two sexes—likely arose by primeval gamete competition, and sperm competition remains a major force maintaining high sperm numbers. The post-ejaculatory equivalent of male–male competition for matings, sperm competition was an intense ancestral form of sexual selection, typ

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Wesseling, Charlotte, Nicolas Fasel, Heinz Richner, and Fabrice Helfenstein. "Modification of sperm quality after sexual abstinence in Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 9 (2016): 1363–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427431.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In polygynous mating systems, few males have stable access to sexual mates. With an expected higher copulation rate, harem males may deplete seminal fluids or increase epididymal sperm maturation, generating poor sperm quality. In a first study, we reported a higher sperm quality in sneaker males of Carollia perspicillata. To test whether the lower sperm quality observed in harem males was generated by an elevated copulation rate, we temporarily removed males of both social statuses from the colony. We thus assessed status-related changes of s

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Wesseling, Charlotte, Nicolas Fasel, Heinz Richner, and Fabrice Helfenstein. "Modification of sperm quality after sexual abstinence in Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 9 (2016): 1363–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427431.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In polygynous mating systems, few males have stable access to sexual mates. With an expected higher copulation rate, harem males may deplete seminal fluids or increase epididymal sperm maturation, generating poor sperm quality. In a first study, we reported a higher sperm quality in sneaker males of Carollia perspicillata. To test whether the lower sperm quality observed in harem males was generated by an elevated copulation rate, we temporarily removed males of both social statuses from the colony. We thus assessed status-related changes of s

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22

Wesseling, Charlotte, Nicolas Fasel, Heinz Richner, and Fabrice Helfenstein. "Modification of sperm quality after sexual abstinence in Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 9 (2016): 1363–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427431.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In polygynous mating systems, few males have stable access to sexual mates. With an expected higher copulation rate, harem males may deplete seminal fluids or increase epididymal sperm maturation, generating poor sperm quality. In a first study, we reported a higher sperm quality in sneaker males of Carollia perspicillata. To test whether the lower sperm quality observed in harem males was generated by an elevated copulation rate, we temporarily removed males of both social statuses from the colony. We thus assessed status-related changes of s

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23

Wesseling, Charlotte, Nicolas Fasel, Heinz Richner, and Fabrice Helfenstein. "Modification of sperm quality after sexual abstinence in Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 9 (2016): 1363–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427431.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In polygynous mating systems, few males have stable access to sexual mates. With an expected higher copulation rate, harem males may deplete seminal fluids or increase epididymal sperm maturation, generating poor sperm quality. In a first study, we reported a higher sperm quality in sneaker males of Carollia perspicillata. To test whether the lower sperm quality observed in harem males was generated by an elevated copulation rate, we temporarily removed males of both social statuses from the colony. We thus assessed status-related changes of s

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24

Wesseling, Charlotte, Nicolas Fasel, Heinz Richner, and Fabrice Helfenstein. "Modification of sperm quality after sexual abstinence in Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 9 (2016): 1363–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13427431.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In polygynous mating systems, few males have stable access to sexual mates. With an expected higher copulation rate, harem males may deplete seminal fluids or increase epididymal sperm maturation, generating poor sperm quality. In a first study, we reported a higher sperm quality in sneaker males of Carollia perspicillata. To test whether the lower sperm quality observed in harem males was generated by an elevated copulation rate, we temporarily removed males of both social statuses from the colony. We thus assessed status-related changes of s

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Campbell, Veronique, and Daphne J. Fairbairn. "Prolonged copulation and the internal dynamics of sperm transfer in the water strider Aquarius remigis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 10 (2001): 1801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-148.

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Copulations lasting much longer than required to effect insemination are common throughout the Insecta, but their adaptive significance remains obscure. We address the hypothesis that prolonged copulations benefit male Aquarius remigis (Hemiptera, Gerridae) by influencing sperm use and storage following insemination. We describe the gynatrial complex of females and document sperm location immediately following 32 naturally terminated and 25 artificially terminated copulations. We also examine sperm storage in 22 females isolated from males for 210 days. Our results demonstrate that inseminati

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Michalska, Katarzyna. "Guarding and Spermatophore Deposition in the Free-Living Eriophyid Mite Vasates Robiniae Nalepa." Behaviour 136, no. 7 (1999): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853999501630.

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AbstractSex dissociation means that males deposit spermatophores regardless of the presence of females, while females independently seek spermatophores and pick up a sperm. In this study I describe unique behaviour of insects and mites that practice sex dissociation guarding of pre-emergent females (so called quiescent female nymphs). In particular, behaviour which is exhibited by Vasates robiniae males. When competitors were absent in the vicinity of quiescent female nymphs, guarders deposited ca 0.8 spermatophores per hour and placed them around their mates in a manner in which two subsequen

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Boiteau, Gilles. "Sperm utilization and post-copulatory female-guarding in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 47, no. 2 (1988): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb01134.x.

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ARNQVIST, GORAN. "Mate guarding and sperm displacement in the water strider Gerris lateralis Schumm. (Heteroptera: Gerridae)." Freshwater Biology 19, no. 2 (1988): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb00347.x.

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29

Schram, Thomas A., and Peter Andreas Heuch. "Male Mate Choice in a Natural Population of the Parasitic Copepod Lernaeocera Branchialis (Copepoda: Pennellidae)." Behaviour 133, no. 3-4 (1996): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00125.

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AbstractVariations in age and sex structure of a natural population of the copepod Lernaeocera branchialis, parasitic on flounder, Platichthys flesus were examined in a 15-month study. Recent laboratory studies and literature on reproductive strategies indicate that male mate choice in this species should depend on the sex ratios of the parasite on its hosts, and on the age and mating status of females. Sex ratios suggested a strong intra-male competition for females. The ratio of chalimus 4 and virgin adult females (preferred stages) to adult males exceeded 1 female: 4 males on 50% of the hos

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Ablard, K. M., K. Simonetto, L. K. Weir, B. J. Crespi, P. W. Schaefer, and G. Gries. "First-male sperm precedence and precopulatory and postcopulatory rituals in the parasitoid waspOoencyrtus kuvanae(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)." Canadian Entomologist 146, no. 5 (2014): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.7.

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AbstractSperm competition generates selection for male traits to prevent it. These traits remain unclear in species where males compete for a virgin who is briefly receptive. Males of the parasitoid waspOoencyrtus kuvanaeHoward (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) compete over females following emergence from host egg masses. Males engage virgins in a precopulatory ritual, mate, and then immediately perform a postcopulatory ritual after which the female becomes unreceptive. Often, sneaker (M2) males copulate with a female while she is engaged in the postcopulatory ritual, and they also perform the postco

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Cooper, William E., and Laurie J. Vitt. "Maximizing male reproductive success in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): preliminary evidence for mate guarding, size-assortative pairing, and opportunistic extra-pair mating." Amphibia-Reptilia 18, no. 1 (1997): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853897x00314.

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AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that male Eumeces laticeps may increase reproductive success by 1) mating with larger females to increase clutch size, 2) mate guarding to be present during the female's receptive period and/or prevent sperm competition, and 3) engaging in extra-pair copulations. Clutch size increases with female body size, establishing a potential advantage of male preference for large female mates. Mate association lasts up to 8 days and possibly longer, with a mean of nearly 5 days. Males may remain with females during a major portion of the mating season, which pre

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Tuni, C., M. Beveridge, and L. W. Simmons. "Female crickets assess relatedness during mate guarding and bias storage of sperm towards unrelated males." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26, no. 6 (2013): 1261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12118.

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Córdoba-Aguilar, Alex, Lucía Calbacho-Rosa, and Alfredo Peretti. "Occurrence and duration of post-copulatory mate guarding in a spider with last sperm precedence." Behaviour 147, no. 10 (2010): 1267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579510x514544.

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Yasui, Yukio. "Sperm competition ofMacrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) (Acarina: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae), with special reference to precopulatory mate guarding behavior." Journal of Ethology 6, no. 2 (1988): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02350872.

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Orr, A. G. "The sphragis of Heteronympha penelope Waterhouse (Lepidoptera: Satyridae): its structure, formation and role in sperm guarding." Journal of Natural History 36, no. 2 (2002): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930010022926.

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GALIPAUD, MATTHIAS, ZOÉ GAUTHEY, and LOÏC BOLLACHE. "Pairing success and sperm reserve of male Gammarus pulex infected by Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea)." Parasitology 138, no. 11 (2011): 1429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001247.

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SUMMARYManipulative parasites with complex life cycles are known to induce behavioural and physiological changes in their intermediate hosts. Cyathocephalus truncatus is a manipulative parasite which infects Gammarus pulex as intermediate host. G. pulex males display pre-copulatory mate guarding as a response to male-male competition for access to receptive females. In this paper, we tested the influence that C. truncatus-infection might have on male G. pulex sperm number and pairing success. We considered 3 classes of G. pulex males in our experiments: (i) uninfected males found paired in the

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Pruett-Jones, Stephen, Matthew Deangelis, Carina Gronlund, Philip Ward, and Jerry Coyne. "Mate grasping in drosophila pegasa by." Behaviour 139, no. 4 (2002): 545–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260136005.

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AbstractAmong all species in the genus Drosophila whose sexual behavior has been studied, D. pegasa is unique in that males exhibit no courtship behaviour before they mount females. Instead, the male simply climbs on top of the female and rides on her abdomen ('grasping') for long intervals, often an entire 8-h observation period. In this study we conducted a series of observations and experiments to quantitatively describe grasping behaviour in D. pegasa and examine its relationship to social environment and the reproductive biology of the species. All observed courtship bouts involved graspi

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Manno, T. G., A. P. Nesterova, L. M. DeBarbieri, and F. S. Dobson. "Why do female Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) give an estrus call?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 8 (2008): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-066.

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Female Columbian ground squirrels ( Spermophilus columbianus (Ord, 1815)) sometimes emit a repetitive vocalization after copulation. We examined two possible explanations for why sexual selection would favor expression of these “estrus calls”: to encourage sperm competition through mating with additional males and to increase mate guarding by the consort male as a mechanism of postcopulatory female mate choice. During three annual mating periods, we observed mating behaviour, estrus calls, and postcopulatory behavioural interactions of free-ranging individuals. Predictions of the advertisement

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Snedden, W. Andy. "Determinants of Male Mating Success in the Temperate Crayfish Orconectes Rusticus: Chela Size and Sperm Competition." Behaviour 115, no. 1-2 (1990): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00301.

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AbstractThe large chelipeds of male Orconectes rusticus have an adaptive function related to inter-male competition for mates. Large clawed males dominate over smaller clawed, but otherwise physically similar, competitors. Additionally, males with large chela are better able to secure, and more quickly orient, females into the copulatory position. Large clawed males also copulate for longer periods than smaller clawed competitors. The significance of copulation duration is unclear, but is likely related to mate guarding. Sexual selection for increased cheliped size in 0. rusticus has been more

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Flay, C. D., X. Z. He, and Q. Wang. "Influence of male density on the courtship and mating duration of male rice weevils Sitophilus oryzae." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4788.

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The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) is a major pest of stored grains throughout the world This experiment examined the capacity of male S oryzae to adjust their mating behaviour in response to male density (ie 1 5 and 10 males) maintained with a single female Results show that males spent less time in courting females with antennal contact at density 1 when compared to densities 5 and 10 Copulation duration increased in response to the increase in rival densities The mechanism behind this phenomenon may be (1) a mate guarding strategy to enhance reproductive succes

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Costa, Fernando, María Albo, and Carmen Viera. "Pseudocopulation and male-male conflict elicited by subadult females of the subsocial spider Anelosimus cf. studiosus (Theridiidae)." Behaviour 144, no. 10 (2007): 1217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853907781890896.

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AbstractIn spider species with first male sperm priority, males guard subadult females as a tactic for improving their paternity. Preliminary observations in Anelosimus cf. studiosus, a subsocial species from Uruguay, showed that males court and guard subadult females. To elucidate the sexual tactics of this species, we placed two adult males with one adult female, and two other males with one subadult (penultimate) female under laboratory conditions (20 trials for each female status/group). Males courted both adult and subadult females, and subadult females were as receptive as adults, adopti

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Fea, Murray, and Gregory I. Holwell. "Exaggerated male legs increase mating success by reducing disturbance to females in the cave wētā Pachyrhamma waitomoensis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (2018): 20180401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0401.

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Mate guarding is a widespread behaviour resulting from sperm competition and conflict over optimal remating rates. It is a key way in which males exhibit differential mating investment, and represents a complex interplay between mating effort, intrasexual competition, opportunity costs and sexual conflict. Nevertheless, although there are many examples of exaggerated male structures used to fight rivals, few animals have developed specialized male morphological adaptations for directly sheltering females from disturbance by non-rivals. Here we report on the use of sexually dimorphic, elongated

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Hayashi, Fumio. "Insemination through an externally attached spermatophore: Bundled sperm and post-copulatory mate guarding by male fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)." Journal of Insect Physiology 42, no. 9 (1996): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(96)00037-6.

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Parker, Geoff A. "How Soon Hath Time… A History of Two “Seminal” Publications." Cells 10, no. 2 (2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020287.

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This review documents the history of the two papers written half a century ago that relate to this special issue of Cells. The first, “Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects” (Biological Reviews, 1970), stressed that sexual selection continues after ejaculation, resulting in many adaptations (e.g., postcopulatory guarding phases, copulatory plugs, seminal fluid components that modify female reproduction, and optimal ejaculation strategies), an aspect not considered by Darwin in his classic treatise of 1871. Sperm competition has subsequently been studied in many tax

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Cheng, Kimberly M., and Jeffrey T. Burns. "Dominance Relationship and Mating Behavior of Domestic Cocks: A Model to Study Mate-Guarding and Sperm Competition in Birds." Condor 90, no. 3 (1988): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368360.

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Halupka, Konrad, and Dariusz Wysocki. "The Frequency and Timing of Courtship and Copulation in Blackbirds, Turdus Merula, Reflect Sperm Competition and Sexual Conflict." Behaviour 141, no. 4 (2004): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853904323066766.

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AbstractIn a long-term field study we estimated the number of copulations per pair in blackbirds at 24.2 in a single reproductive cycle. Thus it seems unlikely that the only function of copulation behaviour is just to guarantee fertilization. We considered three other hypotheses which might explain frequent pair copulation: (1) as an effect of sperm competition, (2) cooperation between pair members aiming at increasing joint production of offspring; or, (3) sexual conflict resulting in female manipulation of allocation of time and energy of the male. We found no positive correlation between th

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Pham, Christopher K., Gilberto P. Carreira, Filipe M. Porteiro, João M. Gonçalves, Frederico Cardigos, and Helen R. Martins. "First description of spawning in a deep water loliginid squid, Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Myopsida)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 1 (2008): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002415.

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Despite being an exploited and economically important species, little is known about the reproductive behaviour of Loligo forbesi. During a captive trial performed in a closed seawater system in the Azores, three spawning events were directly witnessed. An account of their main behavioural aspects is given. A number of behavioural components are described for the first time in this species: ‘pair formation’, ‘mate guarding’, ‘egg holding’, ‘egg touching’, ‘white arms’, ‘red accessory nidamental glands’, ‘accentuated testis’, and ‘jockeying and parrying’. The chromatic, locomotor and postural c

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Kobayashi, Satoshi, and Miguel Vazquez Archdale. "Sexual traits and reproductive strategy of the leucosiid crab Pyrhila pisum." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 6 (2020): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000776.

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AbstractMating strategy and sexual dimorphism of morphological traits of the leucosiid crab Pyrhila pisum were elucidated by analysing relative growth patterns of chelipeds and abdomen, and gonad development patterns. Male adults had long chelipeds compared with juvenile males and females. Among male adults, two phases with different slopes could be found in the regression lines; their chelipeds growth pattern changed from negative allometry to positive and longer chelipeds developed in large adults. The growth is more markedly expressed in the merus than in the propodus. Female adults had wid

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Digby, Andrew, Daryl Eason, Alejandro Catalina, et al. "Hidden impacts of conservation management on fertility of the critically endangered kākāpō." PeerJ 11 (February 3, 2023): e14675. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14675.

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Background Animal conservation often requires intensive management actions to improve reproductive output, yet any adverse effects of these may not be immediately apparent, particularly in threatened species with small populations and long lifespans. Hand-rearing is an example of a conservation management strategy which, while boosting populations, can cause long-term demographic and behavioural problems. It is used in the recovery of the critically endangered kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus), a flightless parrot endemic to New Zealand, to improve the slow population growth that is due to infrequ

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Huck, U. William, Andrea C. Gore, Michael X. Armstrong, and Robert D. Lisk. "Mate Choice, Mate Guarding and Other Mating Tactics in Golden Hamsters Maintained Under Seminatural Conditions." Behaviour 109, no. 1-2 (1989): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853989x00169.

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AbstractFemale hamsters freely interacting with a triad of males which had established a dominance hierarchy mated first and received more ejaculates from the dominant male in 11 of 15 replicates. Continuous observations of the animals on the day preceding receptivity and the day of receptivity suggest that differential mating success of the dominant males is the result of differential behavioral responses displayed prior to onset of receptivity. The females attacked all males, however, the dominant males persisted in following and licking the female at significantly higher frequencies than th

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