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Journal articles on the topic 'Spermatides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Yushin, Vladimir, and August Coomans. "Ultrastructure of sperm development in the free-living marine nematodes of the family Chromadoridae (Chromadorida: Chromadorina)." Nematology 2, no. 3 (2000): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509150.

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AbstractSpermatogenesis in two species of free-living marine nematodes from the family Chromadoridae (Panduripharynx pacifica and Euchromadora robusta) was studied electron-microscopically. The spermatogonia of both species are undifferentiated polygonal cells with a large nucleus surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm. In P. pacifica the cytoplasm of spermatocytes contains many Golgi bodies, cisternae of RER, ribosomes, mitochondria and dense spherical bodies. Filamentous material is accumulated in spermatids, which contain only mitochondria and a fragmented (or lobed) nucleus devoid of th

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Hryniewiecka-Szyfter, Zofia, Elzbieta Gabala, and Adam Babula. "THE ROLE OF SERTOLI CELLS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF SPERM BUNDLES IN THE TESTIS OF SADURIA ENTOMON (LINNAEUS, 1758) (ISOPODA, VALVIFERA)." Crustaceana 72, no. 9 (1999): 1067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099504022.

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AbstractUltrastructural observations show that in Saduria entomon (L., 1758) sperm bundles are organized already in the testis, and that a crucial function in this process is played by Sertoli cells, whose protrusions are connected with maturing spermatids. The specific arrangement of maturing spermatids around a Sertoli cell protrusion and their turned-out tails lying centrally in channels reflect the arrangement of spermatozoa in a later bundle. One might assume, therefore, that the pattern along which sperm bundles are organized, which results from their specific structure, is made possible

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3

Rogoliński, J., P. Widłak, and J. Rzeszowska-Wolny. "Interactions of rat repetitive sequence MspI8 with nuclear matrix proteins during spermatogenesis." Acta Biochimica Polonica 43, no. 2 (1996): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1996_4501.

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Using the Southwestern blot analysis we have studied the interactions between rat repetitive sequence MspI8 and the nuclear matrix proteins of rat testis cells. Starting from 2 weeks the young to adult animals showed differences in type of testis nuclear matrix proteins recognizing the MspI8 sequence. The same sets of nuclear matrix proteins were detected in some fractions enriched in spermatocytes and spermatides and obtained after fractionation of testis cells of adult animals by the velocity sedimentation technique.

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4

Hamamah, S., C. Conord, J. M. Ayoubi, and N. Frydman. "Fécondation assistée par micro injection des spermatides: Etat des lieux et questions posées." Andrologie 8, no. 4 (1998): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03034573.

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5

Özen, Oğuz Aslan, Nusret Akpolat, Ahmet Songur, et al. "Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rat testes: an immunohistochemical study." Toxicology and Industrial Health 21, no. 9 (2005): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233705th235oa.

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One parameter which might provide an insight into the underlying mechanism of the effect of formaldehyde (FA) inhalation on testicular tissue, is the assessment of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which increases promptly in cells exposed to stress caused by chemical toxicity. Thus, following subchronic exposure at cytotoxic concentrations, we studied the immunohistochemical effect of FA inhalation on changes in Hsp70 content in testicular tissue. We used 18 albino Wistar rats divided into three groups, exposed to 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm FA gas for a total of 91 days, 8 h/day, five days a week

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6

Kumar, A., S. Raut, and N. H. Balasinor. "Endocrine regulation of sperm release." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 12 (2018): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18057.

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Spermiation (sperm release) is the culmination of a spermatid’s journey in the seminiferous epithelium. After a long association with the Sertoli cell, spermatids have to finally ‘let go’ of the support from Sertoli cells in order to be transported to the epididymis. Spermiation is a multistep process characterised by removal of excess spermatid cytoplasm, recycling of junctional adhesion molecules by endocytosis, extensive cytoskeletal remodelling and final spermatid disengagement. Successful execution of all these events requires coordinated regulation by endocrine and paracrine factors. Thi

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Dadoune, Jean-Pierre, Marie-Francoise Alfonsi, and Marcelle-Anne Fain-Maurel. "Donnees ultrastructurales et cytochimiques sur l'organisation du nucleole dans les spermatides jeunes chez les primates." Biology of the Cell 63, S1 (1988): 20–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0248-4900(88)90184-0.

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8

Cameron, D. F., and K. E. Muffly. "Hormonal regulation of spermatid binding." Journal of Cell Science 100, no. 3 (1991): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.100.3.623.

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A Sertoli-spermatid coculture model is described in which a large percentage (greater than 76%) of round spermatids remain viable for 48 h and bind to Sertoli cells. The effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone on spermatid binding (expressed as the spermatid density; SD = the number of spermatids per unit area of Sertoli cell cytoplasm), ultrastructure of the Sertoli-spermatid junctional complex, and distribution in the Sertoli cell of junction-related F-actin and vinculin are described. Following 48 h of incubation, neither FSH alone nor testosterone alone affected sper

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9

Ogura, Atsuo, Ryuzo Yanagimachi, and Noriko Usui. "Behaviour of hamster and mouse round spermatid nuclei incorporated into mature oocytes by electrofusion." Zygote 1, no. 1 (1993): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400001234.

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summaryRound spermatids of the hamster and mouse were electrofused with homologous mature oocytes to examine the behaviour of their nuclei within the ooplasm. A single spermatid was inserted in the perivitelline space of a mature oocyte and an electric fusion pulse given. In the hamster, the best spermatid-oocyte fusion took place when the oocytes were pretreated with neuraminidase, subjected to 30 s AC (2 MHz, 20 V/cm) followed by a single fusion DC pulse (3000 V-cm, 10 μs) and another 30 s AC current. Inclusion of micromolar Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the fusion medium was essential for oocyte activat

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10

Tanaka, Atsushi, Motoi Nagayoshi, Youichi Takemoto, et al. "Fourteen babies born after round spermatid injection into human oocytes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 47 (2015): 14629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517466112.

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During the human in vitro fertilization procedure in the assisted reproductive technology, intracytoplasmic sperm injection is routinely used to inject a spermatozoon or a less mature elongating spermatid into the oocyte. In some infertile men, round spermatids (haploid male germ cells that have completed meiosis) are the most mature cells visible during testicular biopsy. The microsurgical injection of a round spermatid into an oocyte as a substitute is commonly referred to as round spermatid injection (ROSI). Currently, human ROSI is considered a very inefficient procedure and of no clinical

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11

Beardsley, Amanda, David M. Robertson та Liza O’Donnell. "A complex containing α6β1-integrin and phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase between Sertoli cells and elongated spermatids during spermatid release from the seminiferous epithelium". Journal of Endocrinology 190, № 3 (2006): 759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06867.

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Spermiation is the final step of spermatogenesis and culminates in the disengagement (release) of elongated spermatids from Sertoli cells into the seminiferous tubule lumen. Spermiation failure, wherein spermatids are retained by Sertoli cells instead of releasing, occurs after hormone suppression. The mechanisms involved in spermatid disengagement and retention are not well understood. We previously showed that β1-integrin is associated with spermatids until the point of disengagement, but the ectoplasmic specialisation junction (ES) is not. The aims of this paper are to further characterise

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Nance, Jeremy, Alicia N. Minniti, Cathryn Sadler, and Samuel Ward. "spe-12 Encodes a Sperm Cell Surface Protein That Promotes Spermiogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 152, no. 1 (1999): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.1.209.

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Abstract During spermiogenesis, Caenorhabditis elegans spermatids activate and mature into crawling spermatozoa without synthesizing new proteins. Mutations in the spe-12 gene block spermatid activation, rendering normally self-fertile hermaphrodites sterile. Mutant males, however, are fertile. Surprisingly, when mutant hermaphrodites mate with a male, their self-spermatids activate and form functional spermatozoa, presumably due to contact with male seminal fluid. Here we show that, in addition to its essential role in normal activation of hermaphrodite-derived spermatids, SPE-12 also plays a

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13

Schürmann, A., S. Koling, S. Jacobs, et al. "Reduced Sperm Count and Normal Fertility in Male Mice with Targeted Disruption of the ADP-Ribosylation Factor-Like 4 (Arl4) Gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 8 (2002): 2761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.8.2761-2768.2002.

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ABSTRACT The ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4 (ARL4) is a 22-kDa GTP-binding protein which is abundant in testes of pubertal and adult rodents but absent in testes from prepubertal animals. During testis development, ARL4 expression starts at day 16 when the spermatogenesis proceeds to the late pachytene. In the adult testis, the ARL4 protein was detected in pre- and postmeiotic cells, spermatocytes, and spermatides, but not in spermatogonia and mature spermatozoa. Mouse Arl4-null mutants generated by targeted disruption of the Arl4 gene were viable and grew normally; male as well as fem

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14

Mendoza, Carmen, Moncef Benkhalifa, Paul Cohen-Bacrie, André Hazout, Yves Ménézo, and Jan Tesarik. "Combined use of proacrosion immunocytochemistry and autosomal DNA in situ hybridisation for evaluvation of human ejaculated germ cells." Zygote 4, no. 04 (1996): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400003233.

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SummaryThe recently reported human pregnancies and births after fertilising oocytes with round spermatids recovered from the ejaculate of men with non-obstructive azoospermia have underscored the need for a more accurate evaluation of the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation status of ejaculated germ cells. In this study we describe our first experience with a method combining the immunocytochemical visualisation of proacrosin with autosomal DNA fluorescencein situhybridisation (FISH) to assess ejaculated germ cells from patients with a spermiogenesis defect. The proacrosin immunoreactivity, ana

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15

Beardsley, A. J., D. M. Robertson та L. O'Donnell. "127. An α6β1-integrin/focal adhesion kinase complex may regulate spermiation and spermiation failure". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, № 9 (2004): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb04abs127.

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Spermiation is the final step of spermatogenesis (sperm production) where mature spermatids are released from the somatic Sertoli cells. Spermiation is hormone sensitive; testosterone (T) and FSH withdrawal causes a disruption to the disengagement of spermatids, which are instead retained by Sertoli cells. The mechanisms involved with spermatid release and retention are not understood. We showed previously that an unknown adhesion junction containing β1-integrin persisted on retained spermatids suggesting that a defect in this adhesion complex at disengagement may underlie spermiation failure.

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16

Tang, Elizabeth I., Dolores D. Mruk, and C. Yan Cheng. "MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases, microtubule dynamics, and spermatogenesis." Journal of Endocrinology 217, no. 2 (2013): R13—R23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-12-0586.

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During spermatogenesis, spermatids derived from meiosis simultaneously undergo extensive morphological transformation, to become highly specialized and metabolically quiescent cells, and transport across the seminiferous epithelium. Spermatids are also transported back-and-forth across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle until they line up at the luminal edge of the tubule to prepare for spermiation at stage VIII of the cycle. Spermatid transport thus requires the intricate coordination of the cytoskeletons in Sertoli cells (SCs) as spermatids are nonmotile cells lacking th

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17

Challoner, P. B., S. B. Moss, and M. Groudine. "Expression of replication-dependent histone genes in avian spermatids involves an alternate pathway of mRNA 3'-end formation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (1989): 902–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.902.

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In somatic cells the expression of replication-dependent histone genes is coupled to the S phase of the cell cycle. However, we have found a number of novel H2a, H2b, and H3 poly(A)+ RNA species in avian haploid round spermatids. The spermatid-specific H2a and H2b 0.8-kilobase RNAs are transcribed from a subset of the replication-dependent H2a and H2b gene families. Two cDNAs derived from the spermatid-specific H2b transcripts were isolated and sequenced. The structures of these cDNAs reveal that the spermatid-specific RNAs are identical to the 0.5-kilobase poly(A)- H2b mRNAs expressed in prol

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18

Challoner, P. B., S. B. Moss, and M. Groudine. "Expression of replication-dependent histone genes in avian spermatids involves an alternate pathway of mRNA 3'-end formation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 3 (1989): 902–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.3.902-913.1989.

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In somatic cells the expression of replication-dependent histone genes is coupled to the S phase of the cell cycle. However, we have found a number of novel H2a, H2b, and H3 poly(A)+ RNA species in avian haploid round spermatids. The spermatid-specific H2a and H2b 0.8-kilobase RNAs are transcribed from a subset of the replication-dependent H2a and H2b gene families. Two cDNAs derived from the spermatid-specific H2b transcripts were isolated and sequenced. The structures of these cDNAs reveal that the spermatid-specific RNAs are identical to the 0.5-kilobase poly(A)- H2b mRNAs expressed in prol

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Gungor-Ordueri, N. Ece, Ciler Celik-Ozenci, and C. Yan Cheng. "Fascin 1 is an actin filament-bundling protein that regulates ectoplasmic specialization dynamics in the rat testis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 307, no. 9 (2014): E738—E753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00113.2014.

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In the testis, spermatids are polarized cells, with their heads pointing toward the basement membrane during maturation. This polarity is crucial to pack the maximal number of spermatids in the seminiferous epithelium so that millions of sperms can be produced daily. A loss of spermatid polarity is detected after rodents are exposed to toxicants (e.g., cadmium) or nonhormonal male contraceptives (e.g., adjudin), which is associated with a disruption on the expression and/or localization of polarity proteins. In the rat testis, fascin 1, an actin-bundling protein found in mammalian cells, was e

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20

Wojtczak, Agnieszka. "Blocking the Bromodomains Function Contributes to Disturbances in Alga Chara vulgaris Spermatids Differentiation." Cells 9, no. 6 (2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9061352.

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Bromodomain containing (BRD) proteins play an essential role in many cellular processes. The aim of this study was to estimate activity of bromodomains during alga Chara vulgaris spermatids differentiation. The effect of a bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1 (100 μM), on the distribution of individual stages of spermatids and their ultrastructure was studied. The material was Feulgen stained and analysed in an electron microscope. JQ1 caused shortening of the early stages of spermiogenesis and a reverse reaction at the later stages. Additionally, in the same antheridium, spermatids at distant developme

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Meyer-Ficca, M., J. Muller-Navia, and H. Scherthan. "Clustering of pericentromeres initiates in step 9 of spermiogenesis of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) and contributes to a well defined genome architecture in the sperm nucleus." Journal of Cell Science 111, no. 10 (1998): 1363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.111.10.1363.

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromeric, telomeric and whole chromosome paint probes was used to study nuclear topology in epididymal sperm as well as spermatids from testis tissue sections of the rat. Pericentromeric regions of 9 chromosomes of the rat (n=21) were labeled with a satellite I specific DNA probe. Pericentromeres showed few tandem associations in spermatids of steps 1–8 of spermiogenesis. At step 9, pericentromeric regions associated to form an elongated cluster in the spermatid nucleus. This arrangement was also seen in the sperm nucleus. FISH with telomere probes re

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Heidaran, M. A., R. M. Showman, and W. S. Kistler. "A cytochemical study of the transcriptional and translational regulation of nuclear transition protein 1 (TP1), a major chromosomal protein of mammalian spermatids." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 5 (1988): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.5.1427.

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Immunocytochemical localization and in situ hybridization techniques were used to investigate the presence of spermatid nuclear transition protein 1 (TP1) and its mRNA during the various stages of spermatogenesis in the rat. A specific antiserum to TP1 was raised in a rabbit and used to show that TP1 is immunologically crossreactive among many mammals including humans. During spermatogenesis the protein appears in spermatids as they progress from step 12 to step 13, a period in which nuclear condensation is underway. The protein is lost during step 15. An asymmetric RNA probe generated from a

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Enders, G. C., and C. F. Millette. "Pachytene spermatocyte and round spermatid binding to Sertoli cells in vitro." Journal of Cell Science 90, no. 1 (1988): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.90.1.105.

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Spermatogenic cells differentiate in vivo while in continuous contact with the Sertoli cell. During differentiation, the spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells form a number of morphologically distinct stage-specific adhesions. We describe an in vitro assay system for studying the adhesion of spermatogenic cells to Sertoli cell monolayers. Mixed populations of spermatogenic cells or enriched fractions of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids were labelled with the vital dye, fluorescein diacetate, prior to their addition to Sertoli cell monolayers so that the adhesion of viable spermatog

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Ogonuki, N., K. Inoue, H. Miki, et al. "322 DIFFERENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RABBIT EMBRYOS FOLLOWING MICROINSEMINATION USING SPERM AND SPERMATIDS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab322.

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Microinsemination is a technique that delivers male germ cells directly into the ooplasm. The efficiency of fertilization and subsequent embryo development after microinsemination varies with species and the male germ cells used. This study examined the developmental ability of rabbit embryos in vitro and in vivo following microinsemination using haploid male germ cells at different stages. First, we injected rabbit spermatozoa, elongated spermatids, and round spermatids into mouse oocytes to assess their oocyte-activating capacity. Mouse oocytes are a good experimental model for assessing the

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Kishigami, S., E. Mizutani, S. Wakayama, and T. Wakayama. "318 ENHANCEMENT OF FERTILIZATION BY DIGITONIN IN ROUND SPERMATID INJECTION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab318.

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Reproductive technologies allow us to produce offspring using a variety of cells including sperm, spermatids, spermatocytes, somatic cells, and even parthenogenetic oocytes. In each of these technologies, failure of pronuclear formation after injection often prevents successful artificial reproduction. One of the possible causes is assumed to be that the breakage of the cytoplasmic membrane by simple pipetting is not enough to expose the nuclei to the ooplasm for pronuclear formation. To overcome this problem, we applied digitonin, a mild nonionic detergent, for the purpose of the permeabiliza

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West, A. P., C. McKinnell, R. M. Sharpe, and P. T. K. Saunders. "Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide can regulate testicular germ cell protein synthesis in vitro." Journal of Endocrinology 144, no. 2 (1995): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1440215.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to explore whether pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) could regulate protein synthesis by enriched preparations of spermatocytes and spermatids from the adult rat testis. Spermatocytes and spermatids were incubated for 8 h or 24 h in the absence (control) or presence of PACAP-27, PACAP-38, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or dibutyryl adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP). Total synthesis of intracellular and secreted proteins, during the incubation periods, was assessed and selected samples were analysed by 2-D SDS-PAGE. P

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Elkhatib, Razan A., Marine Paci, Romain Boissier, et al. "LEM-domain proteins are lost during human spermiogenesis but BAF and BAF-L persist." Reproduction 154, no. 4 (2017): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0358.

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During spermiogenesis the spermatid nucleus is elongated, and dramatically reduced in size with protamines replacing histones to produce a highly compacted chromatin. After fertilisation, this process is reversed in the oocyte to form the male pronucleus. Emerging evidence, including the coordinated loss of the nuclear lamina (NL) and the histones, supports the involvement of the NL in spermatid nuclear remodelling, but how the NL links to the chromatin is not known. In somatic cells, interactions between the NL and the chromatin have been demonstrated: LEM-domain proteins and LBR interact wit

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Hikichi, Takafusa, Satoshi Kishigami, Nguyen Van Thuan, et al. "Round spermatids stained with MitoTracker can be used to produce offspring more simply." Zygote 13, no. 1 (2005): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199405003023.

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Although both intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and round spermatid injection (ROSI) are used in infertility treatments, the rate of offspring achieved with ROSI is low compared with that achieved with ICSI. The difficulty in correctly selecting round spermatids from testicular cells is one of the causes of this phenomenon. We easily selected live round spermatids from testicular cells stained with 20 nM MitoTracker, which visualizes mitochondria without killing the cell. Using this method, we divided round spermatids into three groups based on the polarization of their mitochondria, and

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Zhu, Lian, Wei Zhou, Peng-Cheng Kong, et al. "FACS selection of valuable mutant mouse round spermatids and strain rescue via round spermatid injection." Zygote 23, no. 3 (2013): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199413000592.

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SummaryRound spermatid injection (ROSI) into mammalian oocytes can result in the development of viable embryos and offspring. One current limitation to this technique is the identification of suitable round spermatids. In the current paper, round spermatids were selected from testicular cells with phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and ROSI was performed in two strains of mice. The rates of fertilization, embryonic development and offspring achieved were the same in all strains. Significantly, round spermatids selected by PCM and FACS were effective

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Hicks, Jennifer L., Wu-Min Deng, Aaron D. Rogat, Kathryn G. Miller, and Mary Bownes. "Class VI Unconventional Myosin is Required for Spermatogenesis inDrosophila." Molecular Biology of the Cell 10, no. 12 (1999): 4341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.10.12.4341.

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We have identified partial loss of function mutations in class VI unconventional myosin, 95F myosin, which results in male sterility. During spermatogenesis the germ line precursor cells undergo mitosis and meiosis to form a bundle of 64 spermatids. The spermatids remain interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges until individualization. The process of individualization involves the formation of a complex of cytoskeletal proteins and membrane, the individualization complex (IC), around the spermatid nuclei. This complex traverses the length of each spermatid resolving the shared membrane into a sin

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González, Cayetano, José Casal, and Pedro Ripoll. "Relationship between chromosome content and nuclear diameter in early spermatids of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 54, no. 3 (1989): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300028664.

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SummaryWe have studied, using light microscopy, the relationship between chromosome content and nuclear diameter in early spermatids of males carrying different combinations of wild-type and compound chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. By using these genotypes we have been able to observe spermatid nuclei bearing various numbers of chromosomes ranging from only one sex chromosome and no major autosomes to almost twice the normal chromosome complement. We have found that variations in the chromosome content are accompanied by increasing the variance in early spermatid nuclear diameter; the

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Ventelä, Sami, Jorma Toppari, and Martti Parvinen. "Intercellular Organelle Traffic through Cytoplasmic Bridges in Early Spermatids of the Rat: Mechanisms of Haploid Gene Product Sharing." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 7 (2003): 2768–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-10-0647.

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Stable cytoplasmic bridges (or ring canals) connecting the clone of spermatids are assumed to facilitate the sharing of haploid gene products and synchronous development of the cells. We have visualized these cytoplasmic bridges under phase-contrast optics and recorded the sharing of cytoplasmic material between the spermatids by a digital time-lapse imaging system ex vivo. A multitude of small (ca. 0.5 μm) granules were seen to move continuously over the bridges, but only 28% of those entering the bridge were actually transported into other cell. The average speed of the granules decreased si

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Reyes, J. G., M. V. Velarde, R. Ugarte, and D. J. Benos. "Glycolytic component of rat spermatid energy and acid-base metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 259, no. 4 (1990): C660—C667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.259.4.c660.

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The impact of glycolysis on rat spermatid energy metabolism is made apparent by the simultaneous occurrence of the following three events upon glucose addition to the extracellular medium of a rat spermatid cell suspension: decrease in ATP content, exit of acid equivalents, and increased lactate production and efflux. In this work, we have studied the interrelations between these three phenomena. By measuring ATP content, net acid transport, lactate exit, oxygen consumption, intracellular pH, CO2 production, and glycolytic intermediates in the presence of glucose and glucose analogues, we conc

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Cocquet, Julie, Peter J. I. Ellis, Yasuhiro Yamauchi, et al. "Deficiency in the Multicopy Sycp3-Like X-Linked Genes Slx and Slxl1 Causes Major Defects in Spermatid Differentiation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 20 (2010): 3497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-07-0601.

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The human and mouse sex chromosomes are enriched in multicopy genes required for postmeiotic differentiation of round spermatids into sperm. The gene Sly is present in multiple copies on the mouse Y chromosome and encodes a protein that is required for the epigenetic regulation of postmeiotic sex chromosome expression. The X chromosome carries two multicopy genes related to Sly: Slx and Slxl1. Here we investigate the role of Slx/Slxl1 using transgenically-delivered small interfering RNAs to disrupt their function. We show that Slx and Slxl1 are important for normal sperm differentiation and ma

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Gungor-Ordueri, N. Ece, Elizabeth I. Tang, Ciler Celik-Ozenci, and C. Yan Cheng. "Ezrin is an Actin Binding Protein That Regulates Sertoli Cell and Spermatid Adhesion During Spermatogenesis." Endocrinology 155, no. 10 (2014): 3981–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1163.

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Abstract During spermatogenesis, the transport of spermatids and the release of sperms at spermiation and the remodeling of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in the seminiferous epithelium of rat testes require rapid reorganization of the actin-based cytoskeleton. However, the mechanism(s) and the regulatory molecule(s) remain unexplored. Herein we report findings that unfold the functional significance of ezrin in the organization of the testis-specific adherens junction at the spermatid-Sertoli cell interface called apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) in the adluminal compartment and the Ser

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Berruti, Giovanna, and Chiara Paiardi. "The Dynamic of the Apical Ectoplasmic Specialization between Spermatids and Sertoli Cells: The Case of the Small GTPase Rap1." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/635979.

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Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies, infertility remains a consistent health problem worldwide. Spermiation is the process through which mature spermatids detach from the supporting Sertoli cells and are released into the tubule lumen. Spermiation failure leads to lack of mature spermatozoa and, if not occasional, could result into azoospermia, major cause of male infertility in human population. Spermatids are led through their differentiation into spermatozoa by the apical ectoplasmic specialization (aES), a testis-specific, actin-based anchoring junction restricted to the

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Morse-Gaudio, M., and M. S. Risley. "Topoisomerase II expression and VM-26 induction of DNA breaks during spermatogenesis in Xenopus laevis." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 10 (1994): 2887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.10.2887.

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The relative content of topoisomerase II (topo II) and the induction of topo-II-mediated DNA damage and cellular abnormalities have been characterized in developing spermatogenic cells of Xenopus laevis to gain an insight into the role of topo II during spermatogenesis. Decatenation assays identified topo II activity in nuclear extracts from spermatocytes and pre-elongate spermatids, but not in extracts from elongate spermatids or sperm. Extracts from early-mid spermatids contained 14% (per cell) of the decatenation activity found in spermatocyte extracts. Immunoblots of SDS extracts from whol

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Barreau, Carine, Elizabeth Benson, and Helen White-Cooper. "Comet and cup genes in Drosophila spermatogenesis: the first demonstration of post-meiotic transcription." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 3 (2008): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360540.

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Post-meiotic transcription is widespread in mammalian spermatogenesis, but is generally believed to be absent from Drosophila spermatogenesis. Genes required during meiosis, in early spermatids or later in spermiogenesis are typically transcribed in primary spermatocytes in Drosophila. Their mRNAs are then stored in the cytoplasm until the protein product is needed. Recently, using in situ hybridization, we identified 17 Drosophila genes, collectively named ‘comets’ and ‘cups’, whose mRNAs are most abundant in, and localize to the distal ends of, elongating spermatids. Using a single-cyst quan

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Lee, Nikki P. Y., Dolores D. Mruk, Weiliang Xia, and C. Yan Cheng. "Cellular localization of sphingomyelin synthase 2 in the seminiferous epithelium of adult rat testes." Journal of Endocrinology 192, no. 1 (2007): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-06-0002.

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Sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylcholine and ceramide to sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol, and it is crucial to cellular lipid metabolism. Using the technique of subtraction hybridization, we have isolated a full-length cDNA encoding SMS2 from rat testes, which shared 93 and 87% identity at the nucleotide level with SMS2 in mice and humans respectively. A specific polyclonal antibody was prepared against a 20 amino acid peptide of NH2-FSWPLSWPPGCFKSSCKKYS-COOH near the C-terminus of SMS2. Studies by RT-PCR and immunoblotting have shown t

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Sainte-Marie, Guy, and Bernard Sainte-Marie. "Reproductive products in the adult snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio). I. Observations on spermiogenesis and spermatophore formation in the vas deferens." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 3 (1999): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-229.

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Some of the events unfolding in the vas deferens of the adult snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) were examined by means of light microscopy. Sperm cells entered the vas deferens as precursors of immature spermatids and developed into immature or mature spermatids within it. However, spermatozoa were not observed in the male reproductive tract. Two types of amorphous matter were added successively to sperm cells in the vas deferens. The first type was periodic acid - Schiff (PAS)-positive and apparently induced spermiogenesis when present in a sufficiently large amount. However, a smaller amount o

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van der Weyden, Louise, Mark J. Arends, Oriane E. Chausiaux, et al. "Loss of TSLC1 Causes Male Infertility Due to a Defect at the Spermatid Stage of Spermatogenesis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 9 (2006): 3595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.26.9.3595-3609.2006.

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ABSTRACT Tumor suppressor of lung cancer 1 (TSLC1), also known as SgIGSF, IGSF4, and SynCAM, is strongly expressed in spermatogenic cells undergoing the early and late phases of spermatogenesis (spermatogonia to zygotene spermatocytes and elongating spermatids to spermiation). Using embryonic stem cell technology to generate a null mutation of Tslc1 in mice, we found that Tslc1 null male mice were infertile. Tslc1 null adult testes showed that spermatogenesis had arrested at the spermatid stage, with degenerating and apoptotic spermatids sloughing off into the lumen. In adult mice, Tslc1 null

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Chen, Haiqi, Dolores D. Mruk, Will M. Lee, and C. Yan Cheng. "Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) Protein Vangl2 Regulates Ectoplasmic Specialization Dynamics via Its Effects on Actin Microfilaments in the Testes of Male Rats." Endocrinology 157, no. 5 (2016): 2140–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1987.

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Abstract Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins confer polarization of a field of cells (eg, elongating/elongated spermatids) within the plane of an epithelium such as the seminiferous epithelium of the tubule during spermatogenesis. In adult rat testes, Sertoli and germ cells were found to express PCP core proteins (eg, Van Gogh-like 2 [Vangl2]), effectors, ligands, and signaling proteins. Vangl2 expressed predominantly by Sertoli cells was localized at the testis-specific, actin-rich ectoplasmic specialization (ES) at the Sertoli-spermatid interface in the adluminal compartment and also Sertoli

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Cheng, C. Yan, and Dolores D. Mruk. "Regulation of spermiogenesis, spermiation and blood–testis barrier dynamics: novel insights from studies on Eps8 and Arp3." Biochemical Journal 435, no. 3 (2011): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20102121.

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Spermiogenesis in the mammalian testis is the most critical post-meiotic developmental event occurring during spermatogenesis in which haploid spermatids undergo extensive cellular, molecular and morphological changes to form spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are then released from the seminiferous epithelium at spermiation. At the same time, the BTB (blood–testis barrier) undergoes restructuring to facilitate the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes from the basal to the apical compartment. Thus meiotic divisions take place behind the BTB in the apical compartment to form spermatids. These germ cells

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Ghosh-Roy, Anindya, Bela S. Desai, and Krishanu Ray. "Dynein Light Chain 1 Regulates Dynamin-mediated F-Actin Assembly during Sperm Individualization in Drosophila." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 7 (2005): 3107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-02-0103.

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Toward the end of spermiogenesis, spermatid nuclei are compacted and the clonally related spermatids individualize to become mature and active sperm. Studies in Drosophila showed that caudal end-directed movement of a microfilament-rich structure, called investment cone, expels the cytoplasmic contents of individual spermatids. F-actin dynamics plays an important role in this process. Here we report that the dynein light chain 1 (DLC1) of Drosophila is involved in two separate cellular processes during sperm individualization. It is enriched around spermatid nuclei during postelongation stages

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Ito, J., E. Yuhara, A. Nakamura, and N. Kashiwazaki. "276 ACTIVATION OF ROUND SPERMATID-INJECTED OOCYTES USING PHOSPHOLIPASE C ZETA IN PIGS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab276.

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In several mammalian species, the generation of offspring by round spermatid injection has been reported. However, in domestic species, including pigs, no one has reported success to date. One of the reasons is that round spermatid-injected oocytes require artificial stimuli for oocyte activation, but the developmental ability of the oocytes is low in pigs, suggesting that a more optimal activation protocol is needed. During fertilization, a sperm-derived factor induces repetitive increases in intracellular calcium, known as calcium oscillations. It is now acknowledged that phospholipase C zet

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Augière, Céline, Jean-André Lapart, Jean-Luc Duteyrat, et al. "salto/CG13164is required for sperm head morphogenesis inDrosophila." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 5 (2019): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-07-0429.

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Producing mature spermatozoa is essential for sexual reproduction in metazoans. Spermiogenesis involves dramatic cell morphological changes going from sperm tail elongation and nuclear reshaping to cell membrane remodeling during sperm individualization and release. The sperm manchette plays a critical scaffolding function during nuclear remodeling by linking the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. Here, we describe the role of an uncharacterized protein in Drosophila, salto/CG13164, involved in nuclear shaping and spermatid individualization. Salto has dynamic localization during spermatid di

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Fouquet, J., M. Kann, S. Soues, and R. Melki. "ARP1 in Golgi organisation and attachment of manchette microtubules to the nucleus during mammalian spermatogenesis." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 5 (2000): 877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.5.877.

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Actin related protein of vertebrate, Arp1, is a major component of the dynactin complex. To characterise and localise Arp1 during mammalian spermatogenesis, polyclonal antibodies were raised against a human recombinant Arp1. Anti-Arp1 antibodies were used for western-immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. In round spermatids, Arp1 was detected at the centrosome and at the Golgi apparatus. In elongated spermatids, Arp1 was predominantly found along microtubules of the manchette and at their site of attachment to the nuclear envelope. In maturing spermatids, A

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Sainte-Marie, Guy, and Bernard Sainte-Marie. "Reproductive products in the adult snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio). II. Multiple types of sperm cells and of spermatophores in the spermathecae of mated females." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 3 (1999): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-237.

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Contents of the spermathecae of mated adult snow crabs (Chionoecetes opilio) were examined by light microscopy. The contents could consist of water and three basic types of amorphous matter and of spermatophores. Water was present in the form of large patches or smaller spheres. Of the two major types of amorphous matter, one reacted positively and one negatively to periodic acid - Schiff's reagent (PAS), and one was only, and one predominantly, of male origin. The minor type of amorphous matter was orange and of female origin and could include dark cellular debris. Spermatophores enclosed eit

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Hara-Yokoyama, Miki, Hidetake Kurihara, Shozo Ichinose, et al. "KIF11 as a Potential Marker of Spermatogenesis Within Mouse Seminiferous Tubule Cross-sections." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 67, no. 11 (2019): 813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155419871027.

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The arrangement of immature germ cells changes regularly and periodically along the axis of the seminiferous tubule, and is used to describe the progression of spermatogenesis. This description is based primarily on the changes in the acrosome and the nuclear morphology of haploid spermatids. However, such criteria cannot be applied under pathological conditions with arrested spermatid differentiation. In such settings, the changes associated with the differentiation of premeiotic germ cells must be analyzed. Here, we found that the unique bipolar motor protein, KIF11 (kinesin-5/Eg5), which fu

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Lehti, Mari S., Noora Kotaja, and Anu Sironen. "KIF1-binding protein interacts with KIF3A in haploid male germ cells." REPRODUCTION 150, no. 3 (2015): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-15-0173.

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Male fertility relies on the production of functional spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process that is characterized by meiosis and dramatic morphogenesis of haploid cells. Spermatogenesis involves active changes in the microtubular network to support meiotic divisions, cell polarization, the reshaping of the nucleus, and the formation of a flagellum. Previously, we have demonstrated that a microtubule-based anterograde transport motor protein KIF3A is required for the sperm tail formation and nuclear shaping during spermatogenesis. In this study, we show that KIF3A in

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