Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spermiogenese'
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BLANCHARD, YANNICK. "Etude ultrastructurale et biochimique de la differenciation nucleaire au cours de la spermiogenese humaine." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10151.
Full textSonnack, Violetta. "Die Rolle der Histonacetylierung für den Histon-Protamin-Austausch während der Spermiogenese von Mensch und Maus." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2007/4767/index.html.
Full textSonnack, Violetta [Verfasser]. "Die Rolle der Histonacetylierung für den Histon-Protamin-Austausch während der Spermiogenese von Mensch und Maus / eingereicht von Violetta Sonnack." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988716798/34.
Full textSEDDIQI, NADIA. "Sequence complete de la proteine de 21 kda de cerveau humain. Un marqueur potentiel de la spermiogenese chez diverses especes." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077306.
Full textSiffroi, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution a l'etude de la spermatogenese humaine : i) expression des nucleoproteines basiques pendant la spermiogenese ii) implications des remaniements chromosomiques dans les alterations de la spermatogenese." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA055011.
Full textHempel, Leonie. "Kurze Promotoren und Translationskontrollelemente steuern die Expression von Don Juan, Don Juan-Like und Min, wobei Don Juan und Don Juan-Like vermutlich funktionell redundant in der Spermiogenese von Drosophila melanogaster sind." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2004/0152/.
Full textKichine, Elsa. "Spermiogenèse et infertilité masculine : étude des transcrits du gène UBA1, codant pour l'enzyme activatrice de l'ubiquitine et évaluation génétique de deux variants dans le gène PRM1 codant pour la protamine1." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20677.
Full textThe majority of genes on the X chromosome are repressed during meiosis and only 6% of them are expressed in post meiotic germ cells. One of these genes is Ubal, encoding the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1. Ubal produces three different transcripts, two of which are ubiquitously expressed while the third is predominant in the post meiotic germ cells: the spermatids. Our study shows that the 5’UTR, which is the only difference between these transcripts, determines the localization and the relative dose of the nuclear and cytoplasmic isoform of the UBA1 protein. The spermatid-specific transcript encodes for the nuclear isoform in the spermatids in the mouse suggesting that the UBA1 protein is implicated in chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis. We have detected two mutations in the spermatid-specific region of the UBA1 gene in two infertile men: a deletion of 13bp and a G>A transition, neither of which was found in our cohort of fertile men. The deletion of 13bp diminishes the correct splicing of the spermatid-specific transcript and that the G>A transition may reduce expression of the spermatid-specific transcript. These results show that the UBA1 gene is involved in spermiogenesis, and reactivated in spermatids by its spermatid-specific transcript and that the mutations identified may induce infertility by reducing UBA1 levels in spermatids. We have also demonstrated that two variants described in the protamine codant gene PRM1C.102G>T and c.-107G>C are clearly not associated with male infertility and that the c.-107G>C is polymorphism frequently found in the congolese population
Moretti, Charlotte. "Étude de SLY et de la régulation (épi)génétique des chromosomes sexuels pendant la spermiogenèse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB113/document.
Full textSex chromosomes in mammals are globally repressed during meiosis (MSCI ) and then partially reactivated in round spermatids prior to the transcriptional activity shut down occurring in spermatozoa. Whereas the MSCI is essential for spermatogenesis, the proportion of reactivated genes and the underlying mechanisms of the sex chromosomes regulation after meiosis is still a conundrum. In mice, deletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome (MSYq-) are responsible for the overexpression of more than hundred sex chromosome genes associated with epigenetic modifications that leads to impaired sperm functions and abnormal chromatin compaction. Sly is one of the five multicopy genes present on MSYq and Sly deficiency (Sly-KD) has recently been showed to be at the basis of the gene deregulation and sperm defects obrserved in MSYq- mice. Additionally, partially deleted MSYq males and Sly-KD mice produce offspring with a sex ratio distortion in favor of females; these observations suggest a postmeiotic intragenomic conflict involving Sly and its homolog Slx, an X-linked multicopy gene. What role for SLY during spermiogenesis? In order to decipher SLY mechanisms of action, we sought to study SLY target genes and partners. We showed that SLY interacts with TBL1XR1, an inherent member of the repressive Ncor complex. Meanwhile, we found that SLY is enriched at the promoter of spermatid expressed genes encoded both by sex chromosomes and autosomes. Additionally, SLY controls genes involved in genetic and chromatin regulation (e.g, H2A variants and DOT1L). We also observed a significant reduction of H3K79me2 levels associated with abnormal histone retention in Sly-KD spermatozoa. We propose that DOT1L, the principal H3K79 methyltransferase identified to date, is essential for chromatin remodeling in spermatids. What are the molecular mechanisms involved in the ongoing intragenomic conflict between SLY and SLX? We showed by co-immunoprecipitation that SSTY, another Y-linked multicopy gene, preferentially interacts with SLX in vivo. Furthermore, both SLX and SLY interact with SPIN1, a homolog of SSTY which is able to recognize H3K4me3. The interactions between SLX/SLY and SPIN1/SSTY could be part of the intragenomic conflict. By re-evaluating several RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq datasets we demonstrated that MSCI does not persist beyond meiosis. We proposed that the intragenomic conflict between SLY and SLX constitutes a considerable selection pressure, partly responsible for the specific epigenetic landscape of sex chromosomes and their enrichment in multicopy genes expressed after meiosis. In conclusion, our work allowed a better understanding of the mode of action of SLX/SLY and the identification of new factors involved in the (epi)genetic regulation during spermiogenesis that are conserved in humans
Tirmarche, Samantha. "Fonctions des thiorédoxines sexuelles et contrôle de l’état rédox des protamines chez la drosophile." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1079/document.
Full textIn animal sexual reproduction, spermatozoon is a very specialized cell. Its very peculiar chromatin is remodeled both during spermiogenesis and fertilization. During mammalian and drosophilian spermiogenesis, histones involved in DNA condensation are replaced with sperm specific small nuclear basic proteins : the protamines. This sperm specific architecture is stabilized by disulfide bonds. At fertilization,protamines are removed from the male nucleus and maternally-provided histones are incorporated to form a functional paternal chromatin. However, the mecanisms involved in the incorporation and the removal of protamines of their disulfide bonds are unknown in Drosophila.During my PhD, I demonstrated that two sexual thioredoxins are important for spermiogenesis and fertilization in D. melanogaster. In one hand, I showed that DHD, a female specific thioredoxin, is essential for protamine eviction at fertilization. Without this major protein, male nucleus does not decondense, protamines are not removed from sperm chromatin and zygotic development does not occur. Besides, I demonstrated that DHD is directly responsible for the reduction of the disufide bonds which stabilize sperm chromatin.On the other hand, I showed that TrxT, a testis-specific thioredoxin, is needed for spermiogenesis. Without this protein, DNA damages appear on spermatid nuclei, and those spermatozoon are then eliminated during spermatogenesis.This work highlights that drosophilian sex-specific thioredoxins are essential for sexual reproduction success
Péchart, Isabelle. "Expression et organisation des isoformes de tubuline dans différents modéles de cils et de flagelles." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05S006.
Full textShampeny, Katie Marie. "Mismatch repair proteins and spermiogenesis." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/k_shampeny_082608.pdf.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 31, 2008). "School of Molecular Biosciences." Includes bibliographical references.
Simard, Olivier. "Étude de l'instabilité trinucléotidique lors de la spermiogenèse." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10212.
Full textAbstract : Trinucleotidic diseases, such as the Huntington disease, are genetic diseases characterized by abnormally long trinucleotidic repeats within a specific gene, which are inversely correlated with the age of onset of symptoms when within exons. Many trinucleotidic diseases display paternal anticipation, where trinucleotidic repeats are added during spermiogenesis, without any details on the mechanism or the steps involved. Interestingly, spermiogenesis is characterized by a drastic chromatin remodeling, where histones are ultimately replaced by protamines in order to achieve greater compaction and protection of DNA. This transition also involves major topological changes, where accumulation of negative supercoils are eliminated by the topoisomerase 2[beta]. In order to identify the specific steps where trinucleotidic extension occurs, I have developed a strategy to separate spermatids from mice, using flow cytrometry. This allowed me to purify four distinct spermatids population, consisting of steps 1-9, 10-12, 13-14 and 15-16 spermatids. The sorting strategy was used on a transgenic mouse model of the Huntington disease, which allowed me to determine, using PCR, that CAG extension occurs at the end of chromatin remodeling, more specifically at step 14. The mechanism of extension was investigated using an in vitro approach, based on the incubation of active nuclear extracts from spermatids with a plasmid containing CAG repeats. Using this strategy, I showed that free negative supercoils, as observed during chromatin remodeling, may lead to secondary structures, and more specifically hairpins in trinucleotidic repeats, which ultimately result in trinucleotidic extension. This hypothesis was validated by inhibiting enzymes such as type 2 topoisomerases, since they are responsible for negative supercoils removal. Moreover, I showed that DNA protamination, as observed in spermatids, may increase torsional stress at CAG repeats and leads to expansion. In conclusion, this work suggest that torsional stress induced by protamination of DNA could be a new potential source of trinucleotidic instability. Moreover, this male specific source of trinucleotidic instability could play a major role in paternal anticipation of trinucleotidic diseases.
Lévesque, Dominique. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des protéines de transition de la spermiogenèse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ40604.pdf.
Full textLévesque, Dominique. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des protéines de transition de la spermiogenèse." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textMielnicka, Monika. "Study of the biological function of TRIM66 protein in spermatogenesis and reproduction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STRAJ077.
Full textTRIM66 is a member of the TIF1 protein family composed of TRIM24, TRIM28 and TRIM33, that have a C-terminus tandem domain PHD-bromodomain. TRIM66 is the least studied member of this family and shows high specificity towards expression in the male germline, specifically in the haploid testis cell population called spermatids. The process of sperm maturation in haploid cells is called spermiogenesis and during this process a major chromatin remodeling takes place with replacement of canonical histones to protamines which happens also during the peak of the expression of TRIM66 in the testis. The impact of TRIM66 on the sperm maturation during spermiogenesis in the testis is unknown. In this work, I characterized the possible function of the TRIM66 by using two mouse models. I found that TRIM66 despite being expressed in spermatids does not impact the sperm fertilization capabilities, however it affects the weight of progeny. The analysis of transcriptome revealed that the upregulated genes in the isolated spermatids population belong to the genes predominantly involved in histone 3 lysine 4 methylation pathway. Furthermore, in vitro binding assays show that the PHD-bromodomain binds to histone H3 only when lysine 4 is unmethylated. All together, my results revealed a paternal effect for Trim66 loss-of-function that is likely caused by TRIM66’s role in H3K4me3 regulation in spermatids
Jayaramaiah, Raja Sunil. "Chromatin condensation during Drosophila spermiogenesis and decondensation after fertilization." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2005/0138/.
Full textLaberge, Rémi-Martin. "Origine et nature des cassures transitoires de l'ADN lors de la spermiogenèse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3375.
Full textMuhlrad, Paul Jay. "A genetic and molecular analysis of spermiogenesis initiationin Caenorhabditis elegans." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290524.
Full textBrazeau, Marc-André. "Exploration d’un modèle d’étude simplifié de la spermiogenèse par l’utilisation de la levure à fission." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9476.
Full textAbstract : The male germ cells undergo a major chromatin remodeling process in order to protect their genetic material and ensure optimal transit to the female gamete. It has been demonstrated that all spermatids from several mammals, including humans and mice, require this structural transition in order to reach their full maturity and fertilizing potential. This mechanism is characterized by a transient surge in DNA breaks, including a significant number of double-stranded breaks. This feature has been studied and seems conserved in many species, ranging from algae to humans. In the context of basic research on the phenomenon of spermiogenesis, it is sometimes very difficult to investigate important aspects due to the impossibility of carrying out simple genetic manipulations. A more flexible model to overcome the incurred difficulties is therefore needed. Since the process of ascospore maturation of the fission yeast presents great similarities with mammal spermiogenesis, the use of a model based on the sporulation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been proposed as a comparative model to the murine spermatogenesis. Following synchronization of meiosis in the S. pombe diploid strain pat1-114, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and qTUNEL assay were used to determine the presence of transient double-stranded breaks in DNA during the post-meiotic maturation of newly formed ascospores (t> 7h). Analyses by immunoblotting directed against the histone variant H2AS129p suggests the presence of a post-meiotic chromatin remodeling to t=10h, that may share similarities with higher eu karyotes. Finally, proteomic analyzes coupled with mass spectrometry allowed us to propose the Pnu1 endonuclease as a potential candidate responsible for the transient DNA double-stranded breaks during ascospore morphogenesis. In sum mary, although the spore maturation process is still under investigation, some parallels can be drawn between the maturation of ascospores of fission yeast s and higher eukaryotic spermio genesis. Thus, identifying a simple eukaryotic model for chromatin remodeling in animal spermiogenesis would ensure a flexible genetic tool to decipher the molecular events occurring during human spermiogenesis.
Dirami, Thassadite. "Le transporteur anionique TAT1 (SLC26A8) : rôle physiologique et implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T050/document.
Full textTAT1 (Testis Anion Transporter 1 ; SLC26A8) belongs to the SLC26 family of anion transporters, which is implicated in cellular homeostasis of different epithelia. TAT1 is exclusively expressed in male germ cells, in human and mouse. On mature spermatozoa, TAT1 is located at the annulus, a ring-shaped structure composed of different septins polymers (1, 4, 6, 7 and 12), at the junction of the midpiece (MP) and principal piece (PP) of the flagellum.The knock-out mouse model of Tat1 gene shows a male infertility by complete asthenozoospermia (lack of sperm motility) and capacitation defects combined with flagellar structural abnormalities (flagella bending, MP and PP disjunction and atrophy of the annulus). This model suggests that the TAT1 protein could fulfill structural roles in the annulus and during flagellum biogenesis. Moreover TAT1 displayind an anion transport activity, it could also be implicated in the control of sperm motility and capacitation by regulating anions exchannges, which are well known to be essential for both processes.Indeed, chloride, bicarbonate and calcium ions are involved in the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, controlling sperm motility and capacitation processes (i.e. maturation events occuring in the female genital tract and providing the spermatozoa an hyperactivation movement and the ability to interact with oocyte).Several publications have reported a physical and functionnal interaction between SLC26 family members and the chloride/bicarbonate CFTR channel (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), which mutations are responsible of cystic fibrosis. Interestingly, recent data showed CFTR expression in spermatozoa and its role in the regulation of chloride fluxes during capacitation. During my thesis, we tested TAT1 and CFTR cooperation; we showed that TAT1 can interact physically with CFTR and stimulate its anion transport activity, suggesting that in vivo they form a molecular complex involved in the regulation of chloride and bicarbonate fluxes during sperm capacitation.Like TAT1, several SLC26 family members have a tissue specific expression. Furthermore genetic mutations in several SLC26 members result in human pathology such as deafness, congenital chloride diarrhea and chondrodysplasia. According to the phenotype of the KO Tat1 mouse model and the role of SLC26 members in human pathology, TAT1 constitutes a good candidate for the search of genetic causes of human asthenozoospermia.During my thesis, the laboratory has set up, a research project aiming at identifying mutations in the TAT1 gene that are responsible for human asthenozoospermia.Sequencing of the TAT1 gene coding regions in a cohort of 147 infertile men presenting with asthenozoospermia allowed us to identify several new sequence variations in in the TAT1 gene. In vitro study of these variants shows that 3 of them are associated with protein instability and abrogate CFTR stimulation. Besides, patients sperm show important flagellar abnormalities in the midpiece, consistent with a role of TAT1 and its partners (septins) in flagellum biogenesis
Grégoire, Marie-Chantal. "Cartographie des cassures bicaténaires du remodelage chromatinien du spermatide et développement des outils techniques associés." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9715.
Full textAbstract : Germline mutations may arise from several endogenous and exogenous mechanisms in both male and female. However, recent next-generation sequencing (NGS) data confirmed that de novo mutations arise primarily in males. This observation suggests that specific spermatogenesis events are involved in the male mutation bias. One potential origin for male-driven mutations is the differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa, which involves one of the most striking and global chromatin remodeling processes, where histone-bound chromatin is converted into highly condensed protaminated DNA toroid. Using pulse-field gel electrophoresis and comet assay on flow cytometry sorted cells, it was established that chromatin remodeling process is characterized by a transient surge in DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in the whole population of murine spermatids, which get repaired by the end of spermiogenesis. Using a highly active nuclear extract and immunofluorescences, topoisomerases and markers of DNA repair systems were shown at these steps. Since haploid cells cannot rely on homologous recombination for templated DNA repair, it was hypothesized that this process may be genetically unstable and largely responsible for the observed male de novo mutations bias. Although very challenging, a method allowing the specific genome-wide mapping of DSBs using NGS was developed to establish the genomic distribution of DSBs during chromatin remodeling. It was shown that intergenic regions were enriched in DSBs, particularly LINE1, satellite DNA and simple repeats. Motif finding on potential hotspots showed that proteins from FOX and PRDM families may be implicated. Although homologous recombination cannot take place during spermiogenesis, an enrichment in BRCA1 motif was found, which is also known to be implicated in NHEJ and removal of topoisomerase adducts. Topoisomerase-like SPO11 motif was also enriched suggesting that the meiotic machinery may also be implicated during chromatin remodeling. Moreover, although DSBs tend to accumulate in intergenic regions, gene ontology analysis of hotspot-containing genes showed a marked enrichment in genes related to neurons and brain development. This result hence supports the fact that neurological disease associated mutations are also male biased and associated with advanced paternal age. Since DSB formation during spermiogenesis is conserved through evolution, these results suggest that chromatin remodeling in spermatids represents a significant component in the reported male de novo mutation bias.
Achanzar, William Edward 1967. "Analysis of a gene required for membrane fusion during nematode spermiogenesis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282106.
Full textLeroux, Jessica. "Identification de l'activité histone acétyltransférase responsable de l'hyperacétylation de l'histone H4 durant la spermiogenèse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6337.
Full textChirat, Frédéric. "Les protéines nucléaires basiques de la spermiogenèse du bélier Ovis aries : structure primaire, phosphorylation." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10098.
Full textDella-Maria, Julie. "Démonstration "in vitro" d'un rôle de l'Androgen-Binding Protein sertolienne (ABP) sur la spermiogenèse." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10225.
Full textIn the aim to study the ABP effects on spermiogenesis, we have performed a coculture model involving rat ABP producing or non producing Sertoli cells and rat spermatids. We have shown, by quantitative RT-PCR, an ABP effect on Tnp1 gene expression (involved in nuclear compaction),however, no direct effect of ABP on Spag4 gene expression (involved in sperm tail formation) was observed. Secondly, we have screened spermiogenesis gene expression by DDRT-PCR in the presence of ABP. Among the differential cDNA bands, we have identified a cDNA fragment identical to the mRNA of the mouse calcyclin gene (99 %). By real-time RT-PCR, we have demonstrated a negative effect of ABP and spermatids on the Sertoli cell expression of this gene. Our results show for the first time an ABP effect by itself on spermiogenesis in vitro. This effect is modulated by steroid addition
Chawanji, Abraham Simbarashe. "Spermiogenesis, sperm ultrastructure and reproductive tract morphology in cicadas implications for systematic relationships." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005458.
Full textMarigo, Adji Mama. "Etude Ultrastructurale de la Spermiogenèse et du Spermatozoïde chez les Cestodes. Apports en Taxonomie et Phylogénie." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/109219.
Full textThe present Thesis constitutes a contribution to the knowledge of ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of cestodes. New spermatological data concerning species belonging to six orders of Eucestoda are presented. These species are Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819) (Bothriocephalidea), Echinobothrium euterpes (Neifar et al., 2001) (Diphyllidea), Aporhynchus menezesi Noever et al., 2010 (Trypanorhyncha), Acanthobothrium crassicolle Wedl, 1855 (Tetraphyllidea), Barsonella lafoni de Chambrier et al., 2009 (Proteocephalidea), and Molluscotaenia crassiscolex (von Linstow, 1890) (Cyclophyllidea). The obtained results on spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon are compared with the available data on the remaining eucestodes, particularly with the orders discussed in the present study. Moreover, the usefulness of different spermatological characters for Taxonomy, Systematics and Phylogeny is discussed.
Caron, Nicolas. "Activité biologique des protéines de transition TP1 et TP2 de la spermiogenèse maintien de l'intégrité génomique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3253.
Full textLeduc, Frédéric. "Caractérisation initiale de l'instabilité génétique des spermatides de mammifères." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6240.
Full textBikond, Nkoma Geneviève. "Acétylation des histones et fragilité génétique dans le gamète mâle haploïde." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3961.
Full textBurkhart, Brenna. "Ultrastructure of Spermiognesis in the Yellow-Bellied Sea Snake, Pelamis platurus(Squamata: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae)." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1398955341.
Full textChartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine. "Contribution à l'étude de la transition protéine intermédiaire--protamine au cours de la spermiogenèse de la seiche, Sepia officinalis." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10027.
Full textReynard, L. N. "Analysis of the role of the X/Y homologous gene family Xmr/Sly in murine spermiogenesis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15845/.
Full textTapia, Contreras Constanza [Verfasser]. "Mammalian spermiogenesis and the formation of the sperm head to tail coupling apparatus / Constanza Tapia Contreras." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240160127/34.
Full textGiordano, Tiziana. "Étude du rôle de l’enzyme déglutamylase CCP5 dans la régulation de la fonction des microtubules au cours de la spermiogenèse chez la souris." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS574/document.
Full textSpermatogenesis is the process by which germ cells are transformed into spermatozoa by three sequential phases: the mitotic- and meiotic- phase followed by spermiogenesis. To allow the final maturation of haploid germ cells into spermatozoa specific structures have to be developed during the spermiogenesis: the acrosome, the manchette and the flagellum. The manchette is a MTs-based structure, located caudally to the acrosome, organizing in a skirt-like fashion. Manchette is known to participate in the shaping of the nucleus conferring it the typical hook-like shape and several studies have underlined its importance in acrosome and flagellum formation. During spermiogenesis all molecules and organelles necessary for both acrosome and flagellum formation have to be transported to their destination sites and manchettal MTs allow the movement of organelles and other proteins between the pro-acrosome region and the spermatid tail. However this MTs-based traffic has to be regulated both in space and time as it has been shown that ectopic or mislocalization of certain proteins can lead to failures in acrosome, manchette and flagellum development. The generation of posttranslationally modified MTs might explain a possible mechanism of traffic regulation since it has been demonstrated that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) can regulate the interaction between MTs and molecular motors and microtubules binding proteins. Polyglutamylation, consist in the addition of glutamate side chains of variable length on α- and β- tubulin carboxy-terminal tails. Glutamylation levels are determined by the combined action of glutamylase (TTLLs) and deglutamylase (CCPs) enzymes. Several reports have recently highlighted the importance of some of these enzymes in flagellum assembly and/or maintenance. During my PhD I investigated about the functional role of CCP5 during mouse spermatogenesis. CCP5 is the only enzyme able to remove the glutamate branching point of the added side chain. Thus, its activity might regulate the equilibrium between presence/absence of glutamate branching points, in turn interfering with polyglutamylation levels. The study of the CCP5-KO mouse reveals that CCP5 has an essential role during mouse spermiogenesis. CCP5-KO male produces 100-fold less sperm cells than controls and released sperm cells are highly defective and immotile. Moreover, haploid immature germ cells are also found in CCP5-KO semen. A deep-analysis reveals that the reduced sperm output is due to several ultrastructural defects emerging during the spermatids differentiation process. The acrosome, although is still formed, it does not appear to develop symmetrically and appears to detach from the nucleus in condensed spermatids. Another structure that is impaired in CCP5-KO spermatids in the manchette. Manchettal MTs, are seen to emanate from ectopic regions of the germ cells without running parallel to the nucleus, and are often observed within the spermatids nuclei. Altogether these defects correlate with an aberrant-shaped spermatid nucleus not showing the typical hook-like shape. Another phenotype observed in CCP5-KO elongating spermatids is the presence of supernumerary basal bodies that correlates with the presence of singlet or doublets microtubules dispersed within the germ cell cytoplasm. Interestingly sperm accessory structures are seen to chaotically organize around the microtubules. Unstable disassembling axonemes are seen together with those MTs, suggesting that CCP5-KO spermatids develop abortive unstable flagella. Interesting all these ultrastructural defects correlate with increased level of glutamylation on round spermatids’ cortical MTs and elongating spermatids’ manchettal MTs. Taken together, this study strongly suggests that CCP5-mediated glutamylation regulation is fundamental for spermatids differentiation into healthy functional spermatozoa
Baicere-Silva, Clarianna Martins 1984. "Caracteres espermáticos = uma abordagem filogenética utilizando a familia Characidae (Teleostei: Characifores) como modelo." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317602.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A família Characidae apresenta 16 subfamílias e noventa e dois gêneros não assinalados a nenhuma subfamília e, portanto, considerados incertae sedis. Neste grupo são inúmeros os problemas taxonômicos/filogenéticos. A maior parte destes gêneros encontravam-se alocados na subfamília Tetragonopterinae, mas dada à falta de evidências de que Tetragonopterinae constitui um grupo monofilético, manteve-se na subfamília apenas o gênero Tetragonopterus. Os gêneros incertae sedis, em Characidae, constituem um grupo imenso e heterogêneo de peixes, predominantemente pequenos, abundantes nos rios e em outros habitats aquáticos da região neotropical. O conhecimento das relações de parentesco entre os Characidae e, consequentemente, entre os antigos Tetragonopterinae, tem por base principalmente características osteológicas, de anatomia de partes moles e, mais recentemente, dados de seqüência molecular. Sabe-se que as características reprodutivas podem conter importantes sinais filogenéticos. Portanto, procedeu-se uma análise filogenética a partir de dados reprodutivos como a estrutura testicular, o tipo de espermiogênese e a ultraestrutura dos espermatozoides de representantes de alguns dos gêneros incertae sedis em Characidae, anteriormente alocados em Tetragonopterinae e outros Characiformes utilizados como grupo externo. A topologia da árvore obtida, foi parcialmente congruente com as hipóteses existentes para o grupo, comprovando a utilidade deste tipo de dado no que se refere à elucidação dos padrões evolutivos em Characidae
Abstract: The family Characidae presents 16 subfamilies and ninety-two genera not reported to any subfamily and therefore considered incertae sedis. In this group there are numerous taxonomic / phylogenetic problems. Most of these genera were allocated in the subfamily Tetragonopterinae, but given the lack of evidence that Tetragonopterinae constitute a monophyletic group, remains the only genus Tetragonopterus in the subfamily. Genera incertae sedis in Characidae are a vast and heterogeneous group of fish, mostly small, abundant in rivers and other aquatic habitats of the Neotropics. Researches of relationships among the Characidae and consequently between the old Tetragonopterinae is based mainly in external morphollogical and osteological features and, more recently, molecular sequence data. It is known that reproductive characteristics may contain significant phylogenetic signals. So we proceeded from a phylogenetic analysis of reproductive data such as testicular structure, the type of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of representatives of some of the genera incertae sedis in Characidae, previously allocated to Tetragonopterinae and other Characiformes used as outgroup. The tree topology obtained was parcially congruent with the hypotheses exist for the group proving the usefulness of this type of data in relation to elucidate the evolutionary patterns in characid
Doutorado
Biologia Tecidual
Doutora em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Ketchum, Chelsea C. "Identification of Sperm Chromatin Proteins as Candidate Markers of Stallion Fertility." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7345.
Full textMurakami, Aline Sumitani [UNESP]. "Análise da espermatogênese e do comportamento nucleolar em espécies das famílias Alydidae, Coreidae, Pentatomidae e Reduviidae (Heteroptera)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99829.
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Murakami, Aline Sumitani. "Análise da espermatogênese e do comportamento nucleolar em espécies das famílias Alydidae, Coreidae, Pentatomidae e Reduviidae (Heteroptera) /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99829.
Full textGaucher, Jonathan. "Rôle de la protéine à double bromodomaine BRDT dans le remodelage de la chromatine au cours de la spermatogenèse." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV088/document.
Full textInvolvement of BRDT in chromatin reorganization during spermatogenesisDuring spermiogenesis, the haploid phase of male gametogenesis, the male genome undergoes a major chromatin reorganization, during which most histones are removed and replaced by transition proteins (TP) and protamines. This process led to the extreme compaction of the genome in the male sperm nucleus.In elongating spermatids, histones are hyperacetylated just before their eviction. We have hypothesized that acetylation of histones mass could be a signal for the removal of histones and recruitment of chromatin remodeling machinery. BRDT is a testis-specific protein, xhich belongs to the BET family, which has two bromodomains able to recognize acetylated histones and has the unique ability to compact hyperacetylated chromatin (Pivot-Pajot et al., 2003). The first of bromodomain BRDT appears crucial for these functions (Morinière et al., 2009). Mice carrying a deletion of the first bromodomaine BRDT, BD1, exhibit male sterility associated with abnormalities occurring during spermiogenesis (Shang et al, 2007). We were able to characterize the physiological function of the first bromodomaine BRDT and demonstrate its crucial role in the replacement of hyperacetylated histones by TP and protamines during spermiogenesis.To explore the potential functions of other domains of the BRDT protein, we have studied mice with invalidation of the Brdt gene. This loss of BRDT also produces male sterility, but the phenotype shows a complete lack of post-meiotic cells. A third mouse model was obtained following our attempt to produce mice with a version of taggued protein. The exploration of these models has demonstrated a role of BRDT, independent of the presence of BD1, in regulating the program of gene expression during entry into meiosis.BRDT has both functions in meiotic and post-meiotic meiotic with the involvement of different protein domains
Silva, Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira [UNESP]. "Ciclo reprodutivo e análise ultraestrutural da espermatogênese de Cichla kelberi (TeLeostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87585.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O Cichla kelberi, espécie recentemente classificada e popularmente conhecida como tucunaré amarelo, é endêmico dos rios Araguaia e baixo Tocantins, sendo, entretanto, encontrado em muitas outras bacias, onde apresenta grande importância para a pesca profissional por seu alto valor econômico, devido a qualidade e sabor de sua carne, e pela pesca esportiva, como pode ser observado pelos campeonatos anuais de pesca ao tucunaré nos rios em que se encontra. Para entender esse rápido processo de ocupação e adaptação a novos ambientes, 78 exemplares de Cichla kelberi foram mensalmente coletados entre os meses de março de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, com o auxílio de vara de pesca e anzol na Lagoa do Pernilongo (20º 29’ 11,93”S, 51º 25’ 33,27”O) e Ilha da Ferradura (20º 28’ 27,11” S, 51º 25’ 54,53”O), no Reservatório de Jupiá, rio Paraná, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brasil, onde foi introduzido. Foram definidas quatro classes de maturação gonadal para o ciclo reprodutivo anual do tucunaré amarelo C. kelberi. A definição das classes de Maturação Inicial, Maturação Intermediária, Maturação Final e Regressão, tiveram como base as alterações do epitélio germinativo testicular associado aos estágios das células germinativas presentes. A Classe de Maturação Inicial é caracterizada pela presença de um epitélio germinativo totalmente contínuo, cistos com células germinativas em todos os estágios de desenvolvimento, intensa atividade espermatogênica por todo o testículo e raros “clusters” periféricos, formados por espermatogônias primárias. A Classe de Maturação Intermediária inicia com o surgimento de um epitélio germinativo descontínuo na região anastomosada, com diminuição da espermatogênese e estocagem de espermatozóides nesta região. Os agrupamentos periféricos de espermatogônias ou “clusters” estão ausentes...
The Cichla kelberi, a recently classified specie and popularly known as yellow peacock bass, is endemic from the Araguaia an low Tocantins river, being, however, found in many other basins, where has great importance for the professional fishing for its high economic value due to the quality and flavor of their meat and fishing, as can be observed by annual championships of peacock in the rivers where it is. To understand this fast process of occupation and adaptation to new environments, 78 specimens of C. kelberi were caught monthly between the months of March 2009 to February 2010 with the aid of fishing pole and hook, from the Lagoa do Pernilongo (20º 29’ 11,93”S, 51º 25’ 33,27”O) and Ilha da Ferradura (20º 28’ 27,11” S, 51º 25’ 54,53”O), in the Jupiá Reservoir, Parana River, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil, where it was introduced. It was defined four gonadal maturation class to the annual reproductive cycle of the yellow peacock bass C. kelberi. The definition of the Early Maturation, Mid Maturation, Final Maturation and Regression Classes, were based on the changes of the testicular germinal epithelium associated with the germ cell stages present. The Class of Early Maturation is characterized by the presence of a fully continuous germinal epithelium, cysts with germ cells at all stages of development, intense spermatogenic activity throughout the testis and rare “clusters” peripherals, consisting of primary spermatogonia. The Mid maturation Class starts with the appearance of a discontinuous germinal epithelium in the anastomosed region with spermatogenesis decrease and sperm storage in this region. The peripheral groups of spermatogonia or clusters are missing at the end of this class of maturation. In the Final Maturation Class the germinal epithelium discontinuity reaches the periphery of lobules... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Johnson, Emma Elizabeth Philippa. "Physiological and molecular consequences of large Y chromosome long arm deletions in mice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275985.
Full textSantana, Júlio César de Oliveira 1985. "Relações suprafamiliares em Erythrinoidea (Teleostei: Characiformes) com base em caracteres moleculares e da morfologia das células espermáticas = Suprafamilial relationships of the Erythrinoidea (Teleostei: Characiformes) based on molecular and spermatic cell data." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317601.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A superfamília Erythrinoidea é uma das oito famílias que compõem a ordem Characiformes e foi proposta como um grupo monofilético para abrigar as famílias neotropicais Ctenoluciidae, Erythrinidae e Lebiasinidae, e a família africana Hepsetidae. Após a proposição da superfamília, estudos filogenéticos recentes com base em caracteres morfológicos, como osteologia e morfologia de partes moles, e caracteres moleculares tem refutado a ideia de monofiletismo do grupo. Além disso, diferentes autores divergem quanto às relações suprafamiliares de Erythrinoidea. Além dos caracteres tradicionais, o emprego dos caracteres oriundos da análise da ultraestrutura da ontogenia dos espermatozoides e sua forma final tem sido uma importante fonte na complementação dos estudos filogenéticos. O estudo apresentado teve como objetivo realizar uma análise filogenética para testar a monofiletismo de Erythrinoidea e verificar os padrões de relacionamento suprafamiliares em Characiformes, e testar o posicionamento filogenético da família Crenuchidae, supostamente relacionada à superfamília. As análises filogenéticas foram realizadas com base em dados moleculares e dados morfológicos independentemente, e de maneira conjunta (evidência total) através do método de Parcimônia. A ultraestrutura da espermiogênese e dos espermatozoides dos gêneros incluídos em Erythrinoidea, mais a família Crenuchidae e outras possivelmente relacionadas, foram descritos e codificados em uma matriz de dados. Nas três análises realizadas a superfamília Erythrinoidea não é recuperada como monofilética. A família Crenuchidae posiciona-se na base da subordem Characoidei e não está estreitamente relacionada à Erythrinoidea. As análises com dados moleculares e de evidência total apresentaram uma topologia muito semelhante ao nível mais inclusivo e os valores de suporte dos principais clados apresentaram-se maiores na evidência total, mostrando a influência positiva da inserção dos caracteres da morfologia das células espermáticas nas análises filogenéticas
Abstract: The superfamily Erythrinoidea is one of eight superfamilies within the order Characiformes and was proposed to include a monophyletic group composed of the Neotropical fish families Ctenoluciidae, Erythrinidae and Lebiasinidae, and African family Hepsetidae. Current phylogenetic studies based on morphological data, such as osteology and morphology of soft structures, and molecular data have refuted the hypothesis of monophyly of this group. In addition, the suprafamilial relationships in Erythrinoidea have diverged among the authors. In combination with more traditional characters, the analyses of the ultrastructure of sperm ontogeny and its final shape have become an interesting source of characters to complement phylogenetic studies. The goal of this study was to perform a phylogenetic analysis to test the monophyly of the Erythrinoidea and to assess the phylogenetic position of the family Crenuchidae, a group supposed to be closely related to the superfamily. The phylogenetic analyses were performed using molecular and morphological data separately, and in a combined approach (total evidence) through the Parsimony method. The ultrastructure of the spermiogenesis and the sperm shape of Erythrinoidea genera, plus the family Crenuchidae and other species possibly related to the superfamily were described and coded in a matrix data. In all three analyses Erythrinoidea was not recovered as monophyletic. The family Crenuchidae was placed in a basal position within the suborder Characoidei in molecular and total evidence analysis, and was not closely related to the Erythrinoidea. The analyses using only molecular data and total evidence showed a very similar topology for the more inclusive relationship levels. The support values were higher for the total evidence tree when compared to the one resulting of only molecular data possibly pointing to a positive influence of the combination of the spermatic cell data in phylogenetic analyses
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Silva, Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira. "Ciclo reprodutivo e análise ultraestrutural da espermatogênese de Cichla kelberi (TeLeostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87585.
Full textBanca: Classius de Oliveira
Banca: Sérgio Ricardo Batlouni
Resumo: O Cichla kelberi, espécie recentemente classificada e popularmente conhecida como tucunaré amarelo, é endêmico dos rios Araguaia e baixo Tocantins, sendo, entretanto, encontrado em muitas outras bacias, onde apresenta grande importância para a pesca profissional por seu alto valor econômico, devido a qualidade e sabor de sua carne, e pela pesca esportiva, como pode ser observado pelos campeonatos anuais de pesca ao tucunaré nos rios em que se encontra. Para entender esse rápido processo de ocupação e adaptação a novos ambientes, 78 exemplares de Cichla kelberi foram mensalmente coletados entre os meses de março de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, com o auxílio de vara de pesca e anzol na Lagoa do Pernilongo (20º 29' 11,93"S, 51º 25' 33,27"O) e Ilha da Ferradura (20º 28' 27,11" S, 51º 25' 54,53"O), no Reservatório de Jupiá, rio Paraná, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brasil, onde foi introduzido. Foram definidas quatro classes de maturação gonadal para o ciclo reprodutivo anual do tucunaré amarelo C. kelberi. A definição das classes de Maturação Inicial, Maturação Intermediária, Maturação Final e Regressão, tiveram como base as alterações do epitélio germinativo testicular associado aos estágios das células germinativas presentes. A Classe de Maturação Inicial é caracterizada pela presença de um epitélio germinativo totalmente contínuo, cistos com células germinativas em todos os estágios de desenvolvimento, intensa atividade espermatogênica por todo o testículo e raros "clusters" periféricos, formados por espermatogônias primárias. A Classe de Maturação Intermediária inicia com o surgimento de um epitélio germinativo descontínuo na região anastomosada, com diminuição da espermatogênese e estocagem de espermatozóides nesta região. Os agrupamentos periféricos de espermatogônias ou "clusters" estão ausentes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Cichla kelberi, a recently classified specie and popularly known as yellow peacock bass, is endemic from the Araguaia an low Tocantins river, being, however, found in many other basins, where has great importance for the professional fishing for its high economic value due to the quality and flavor of their meat and fishing, as can be observed by annual championships of peacock in the rivers where it is. To understand this fast process of occupation and adaptation to new environments, 78 specimens of C. kelberi were caught monthly between the months of March 2009 to February 2010 with the aid of fishing pole and hook, from the Lagoa do Pernilongo (20º 29' 11,93"S, 51º 25' 33,27"O) and Ilha da Ferradura (20º 28' 27,11" S, 51º 25' 54,53"O), in the Jupiá Reservoir, Parana River, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil, where it was introduced. It was defined four gonadal maturation class to the annual reproductive cycle of the yellow peacock bass C. kelberi. The definition of the Early Maturation, Mid Maturation, Final Maturation and Regression Classes, were based on the changes of the testicular germinal epithelium associated with the germ cell stages present. The Class of Early Maturation is characterized by the presence of a fully continuous germinal epithelium, cysts with germ cells at all stages of development, intense spermatogenic activity throughout the testis and rare "clusters" peripherals, consisting of primary spermatogonia. The Mid maturation Class starts with the appearance of a discontinuous germinal epithelium in the anastomosed region with spermatogenesis decrease and sperm storage in this region. The peripheral groups of spermatogonia or "clusters" are missing at the end of this class of maturation. In the Final Maturation Class the germinal epithelium discontinuity reaches the periphery of lobules... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Eisa, Alaa Abdulaziz. "ROLE OF 14-3-3 ETA AND EPSILON IN GAMETOGENESIS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574096506246273.
Full textBoulard, Matthieu. "Variants d'histones H2BFWT et macroH2A1: de la structure à la fonction épigénétique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175842.
Full textNous avons montré que malgré sa grande divergence avec H2B, l'incorporation de H2BFWT ne modifie pas la structure globale du nucléosome. Néanmoins, contrairement à l'histone somatique H2B, H2BFWT n'a pas la capacité de recruter les facteurs d'assemblage du chromosome et n'est pas requis pour la condensation du chromosome mitotique. Cette différence de comportement vis-à-vis de l'assemblage des chromosomes suggère que H2BFWT pourrait être impliqué dans l'architecture de structure d'ordre supérieur de la chromatine.
Dans le but d'élucider le rôle biologique de macroH2A1 in vivo, nous avons généré une lignée de souris invalidées pour macroH2A1.
Malgré l'abondance des investigations portant sur macroH2A1, sa fonction reste inconnue. MacroH2A1 a la particularité d'être trois fois plus grand que H2A, il comporte ainsi une extension C-terminale de fonction inconnue. Initialement macroH2A1 avait été décrit comme principalement localisé sur le chromosome X inactif. La signification biologique de cet enrichissement n'est pas comprise. In vitro, la présence de macroH2A1 interfère avec la transcription. De récentes études ont montré que certaines séquences d'ADN méthylées, incluant les gènes soumis à l'empreinte et les rétrotransposons sont enrichies en nucléosomes contenant macroH2A1. Il a également été démontré que c'est la méthylation de l'ADN, nécessaire pour la répression transcriptionnelle, qui permet le recrutement de macroH2A1 sur les rétrotransposons. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que la méthylation de l'ADN aboutirait à la répression des rétrotransposons via le recrutement de macroH2A1.
L'étude du phénotype des souris déficientes en macroH2A1 permet de conclure que contrairement au consensus actuel, macroH2A1 n'est pas nécessaire pour réprimer la transcription des séquences répétées incluant les rétrotransposons.
Les examens anatomopathologiques suggèrent que macroH2A1 pourrait être impliqué dans la régulation du métabolisme des acides gras.
Garcia, Gil Núria. "Estructura i ultraestructura testicular del mascle reproductor porcí (Sus domesticus)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7614.
Full textDiversos estudis sobre testicle han demostrat que els marcadors més sensibles per a l'avaluació de la funció testicular són els següents: (1) la grandària testicular, (2) el gruix i l'organització de la càpsula testicular, (3) el percentatge de túbuls seminífers i de teixit intersticial en el parènquima testicular, (4) el diàmetre dels túbuls seminífers, (5) l'alçada i la composició de cèl·lules germinals de l'epiteli seminífer, (6) el gruix i l'organització de la làmina pròpia i, (7) la morfologia i la grandària de les cèl·lules de Leydig. El primer objectiu concret del present estudi ha estat, per tant, caracteritzar tots aquests paràmetres testiculars en mascles porcins sans i adults. L'organització estructural del testicle i les mesures quantitatives utilitzades com a marcadors no mostren diferències significatives ni entres els mascles porcins (P > 0,01), ni entre el testicle dret i l'esquerre (P > 0,01). Els testicles, de 330,80 16,99 g de pes, estan envoltats per una càpsula, de 2.375,13 246,68 m de gruix, la qual es divideix en tres capes: la túnica vaginalis constitueix l'1,82 0,78 % de la càpsula i està composta per una capa mesotelial externa i una capa interna de teixit conjuntiu dens; la túnica albuginea representa el 37,31 3,27 % i és de teixit conjuntiu dens i, la túnica vasculosa constitueix el 64,24 4,40 % i és de teixit conjuntiu lax. En el parènquima testicular els túbuls seminífers i el teixit intersticial representen el 72,44 2,12 % i el 27,46 2,12 %, respectivament. Els túbuls seminífers, de 226,23 18,08 m de diàmetre, es troben fortament recargolats i empaquetats, i estan compostos per la làmina pròpia i l'epiteli seminífer. La làmina pròpia, de 4-4,5 m de gruix, està formada per la làmina basal i dues capes de cèl·lules peritubulars. L'epiteli seminífer, amb una alçada mitjana de 66,11 10,62 m, és columnar i estratificat amb cèl·lules de Sertoli i diferents generacions d'espermatogònies, espermatòcits i espermàtides. El teixit intersticial és un teixit conjuntiu lax amb abundants cèl·lules de Leydig polièdriques fortament empaquetades (ca. 15 x 12 m).
El segon objectiu concret d'aquest estudi ha estat estudiar des del punt de vista morfològic i morfomètric (alçada, longitud, freqüència relativa d'aparició i durada) els estadis del cicle de l'epiteli seminífer en els mascles porcins de la raça Landrace (varietat anglesa), classificats d'acord amb el mètode de la morfologia tubular. Els estadis premeiòtics ( I, II i III) ocupen el 31,9 % del cicle espermatogènic i es caracteritzen, principalment, per la presència de cèl·lules en les fase inicials de la meiosi I. Les primeres etapes de la meiosi I no afecten els paràmetres morfomètrics de l'epiteli seminífer ja que els valors obtinguts per l'alçada de l'epiteli seminífer, la freqüència relativa, la longitud i la durada d'aquests estadis són molt variables. Els estadis meiòtics (IV i V) representen el 16,4 % del cicle espermatogènic i estan constituïts, principlament, per cèl·lules en un estat avançat de la meiosi I i /o cèl·lules en meiosi II. Les últimes fases de la meiosi I i també de la meiosi II tenen lloc ràpidament, la qual cosa resulta en una baixa freqüència relativa d'aparició i, per tant, en una baixa durada dels estadis meiòtics. Els estadis postmeiòtics (VI, VII i VIII) ocupen el 50,6 % del cicle espermatogènic. L'esdeveniment més important que té lloc en aquests estadis és la fase de maduració de l'espermiogènesi. En la fase de maduració, les espermàtides experimenten diverses modificacions morfològiques i estructurals que donen lloc, finalment, als espermatozoides. La complexitat d'aquests processos fa que els estadis postmeiòtics presentin valors més grans de freqüència relativa, longitud i durada.
El tercer objectiu concret d'aquest treball ha estat descriure a nivell ultraestructural el procés d'espermiogènesi, i relacionar les transformacions que experimenten les espermàtides en fase d'elongació amb els canvis ultraestructurals que tenen lloc en les diferents cèl·lules que constitueixen el testicle (cèl·lules germinals, de Sertoli i de Leydig, principalment). L'espermiogènesi del mascle porcí de la raça Landrace (varietat anglesa) s'ha dividit en 9 passos que vénen definits per 9 tipus diferents d'espermàtides. Al llarg de l'espermiogènesi no s'observen diferències ultraestructurals significatives (P > 0,01) ni entre els mascles porcins ni entre el testicle esquerre i dret en les cèl·lules que constitueixen el testicle.
The present study describes the structure and ultrastructure of the Sus domesticus testis (Landrace breed -british variety) from healthy adults boars. The main goal of the whole of Porcine Artifitial Insemination Centres and of the Porcine Livestocks is to guarantee an excellent spermatic quality along the boar reproductive life. Therefore, a better knowlegment of the normal structural and ultrastructural patterns of the testis will improve the prognosis of subfertility when a low spermatic quality is observed. Both seminal and hormonal analysis are certainly crucial in the assessment of these males, but it is also necessary to know the microscopic organization.
Several studies have demonstrated that the most sensitive markers of impaired function are: (1) the testicular size, (2) the thickness and organization of the testicular capsule, (3) the percentage of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue in the testicular parenchyma, (4) the diameter of seminiferous tubules, (5) the height and germ cell composition of the seminiferous epithelium, (6) the thickness and organization of the lamina propria, and (7) the Leydig cell size and morphology. The first aim of this study has been to characterize all these testicular parameters in healthy adults boars. The structural organization of the testis and quantitative measures used as markers did not differ significantly either among boars (P > 0.01), or between left and right testes (P > 0.01). Testes, of 330.80 16.99 g weight, were surrounded by a capsule, of 2,375.13 246.68 m thick, divided into three layers: the tunica vaginalis constituted 1.82 0.78% of the capsule and was composed by an outer mesothelial layer and an inner dense connective tissue layer; the tunica albuginea represented 37.31 3.27% and was of dense connective tissue and the tunica vasculosa constituted 64.26 4.40% and was of loose connective tissue. In the testicular parenchyma, the seminiferous tubules and the interstitial tissue comprised 72.44 2.12% and 27.46 2.12%, respectively. Seminiferous tubules were highly convoluted ducts of 226.23 18.08 m in diameter composed by a lamina propria and the seminiferous epithelium. The lamina propria, of 4-4.5 m thick, was formed by basal lamina and two layers of peritubular cells. The seminiferous epithelium, of 66.11 10.62 m high, was stratified columnar with Sertoli cells and different generations of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. The interstitial tissue was loose connective tissue with abundant and closely-packed polyhedral Leydig cells (av. 15 x 12 m).
The second aim of this study has been to describe the morphological features of the eight stages of the seminiferous epithelium in Landrace boars (british variety) according to the tubular morphology method, as well as their relative frequency, length, height and duration. Premeiotic stages (I, II and III) occupied the 31.9 % of the spermatogenic cycle and were mainly characterized by the presence of cells in the initial phases of meiosis I. Early meiosis I did not affect the morphometric parameters of the seminiferous epithelium as indicated by the variable values obtained in the seminiferous epithelium height, as well as in the relative frequency, length, and duration of premeiotic stages. Meiotic stages (IV and V) represented the 16.4 % of the spermatogenic cycle and were constituted, mainly, by cells in advanced meiosis I and/or cells in meiosis II. Last phases of meiosis I and also meiosis II occurred rapidly, resulting in low relative frequency and, therefore, in low duration of meiotic stages. Postmeiotic stages (VI, VII and VIII) occupied the 50.6 % of the spermatogenic cycle. The most important event of these stages was the maturation phase of spermiogenesis. The maturation phase included several morphological and ultrastructural modifications in spermatids, resulting in the formation of spermatozoa. The complexity of these processes correlated with the high relative frequency, length, and duration of postmeiotic stages.
The third aim of this study has been to describe the spermiogenesis process at ultrastructural level and, to relate the spermatid transformations along the spermiogernesis with the ultraestructural changes undergoing in testicular cells (mainly germinal, Sertoli and Leydig cells).The spermiogenesis of Landrace boars (british variety) was divided into 9 steps, each one characterized by the presence of an specific spermatid type. Significant differences were found neither among the three healthy boars (P > 0.01), nor the left and right testes (P > 0.01) in the ultrastructure of the testiculars cells along spermiogenesis.
Pereira, Luis Lênin Vicente [UNESP]. "Estudo morfológico dos testículos com ênfase na análise da espermatogênese e ultraestrutura de espécies aquáticas de Heteroptera." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92526.
Full textNo presente trabalho verificamos que os testículos possuem morfologias diferentes podendo ser arredondados, arredondados/espiralados ou alongados/espiralados. Com relação à morfometria das células em prófase I, B. micantulum e R. zela foram as que apresentaram as menores células, G. f. flavus foi a que apresentou maior tamanho e R. c. crassifemur e M. brasiliensis apresentaram tamanho intermediário. A avaliação da espermatogênese nos permitiu concluir que as características observadas são semelhantes às das outras espécies de Heteroptera, descritas na literatura, diferindo apenas com relação à morfologia dos testículos, o número de cromossomos e o sistema cromossômico do sexo. A análise das ultraestruturas observadas durante a espermatogênese de Gelastocoris flavus flavus e Martarega uruguayensis mostraram a presença de várias mitocôndrias pequenas e uniformemente distribuidas pelo citoplasma em células em profase I, de ambas espécies, que foram se unindo formando o complexo mitocondrial, que possui no seu interior as mitocôndrias enoveladas, posteriormente este complexo mitocondrial se divide em duas estruturas denominadas derivados mitocondriais, que se dispõem bilateralmente ao axonema. O axonema dessas espécies possui o padrão de 9+9+2. A formação do acrossomo inicia-se nos primeiros estágios da espermiogênese sendo composto de muitas vesículas acrossomais que se unem formando uma única estrutura, sendo observada regiões e algumas estruturas mais coradas em seu interior. Basicamente o processo de espermiogênese não diferiu entre as duas espécies analisadas
In this study, we found different morphologies for testes of the Heteroptera species Belostoma anurum, B. micantulum, Gelastocoris angulatus, G. flavus flavus, Rheumatobates crassifemur crassifemur, Buenoa amnigenus, B. unguis, Martarega brasiliensis, M. membranacea, M. uruguayensis, Rhagovelia tenuipes and R. zela. They can by round, round/spiral and elongated/spiral. The size of prophase I cells also varied, being the smallest ones detected in B. micantulum and R. zela, the largest in G. f. flavus, and the intermediate in R. c. crassifemur and M. brasiliensis. The analyses of spermatogenesis allowed us to conclude that, in the studied species, the features are similar to those of other previously described Heteroptera species, differing only as to the testicular morphology, the chromosome number, and the sex chromosome system. Ultrastructural analysis of the spermatogenesis showed several small mitochondrias evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, in cells at prophase I of G. f. flavus and M. uruguayensis. The small mitochondrias joined to form the mitochondrial complex. Later, this mitochondrial complex divided into two structures called mitochondrial derivatives, located bilaterally to the axoneme. The axoneme of these species showed the flagellar pattern 9+9+2. The acrosome started to be formed in the early stages of spermiogenesis, being composed of many acrosome vesicles that join to form a single structure. Some regions within this structure were more strongly stained. Basically the process of spermiogenesis did not differ between the species G. f. flavus and M. uruguayensis
Silva, Karina Maria Pereira da. "Biologia reprodutiva da jararaca da Amazônia, Bothrops atrox (Serpente: Viperidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-16092015-165707/.
Full textBothrops atrox is a snake of large ecological importance due to its wide geographic distribution in the vast and diversified Amazonian habitat. Information about the reproductive biology of B. atrox are scarce and punctual, with most information derived from snakes kept in captivity. Thus, this paper aimed to describe the reproductive cycle of B. atrox, as well as reproductive strategies related to this cycle as: maturity and sexual dimorphism, fecundity, sperm storage, and the hypertrophy of sexual segment of the kidney in males. Moreover, this work also aimed to relate such strategies with environmental conditions (temperature and precipitation). For that, it were examined 325 specimens of B. atrox, being males and females (mature and immature) from the Brazilian Amazon, preserved in nine herpetological collections. Results showed some differences related to sexual dimorphism: neonates males had the coloration of the tail tip yellow, whereas females showed the tail tip with dark coloration. It was also observed that neonate males had dark pigmentation in the throat region, whereas neonate females showed lighter coloration. Adult females were significantly larger than males, and attained sexual maturity at larger body sizes than males. Vitellogenesis was seasonal (January to August), however, there was no synchrony between the occurrence of pregnant females and birth periods. Thus, the extent observed in the female reproductive cycle was possible due to the sperm storage, since mating is seasonal. Male reproductive cycle was discontinuous, seasonal semi-synchronous. Sperm production occurred throughout the year, however, spermiogenesis was observed mainly in the beginning of the rainy season (BRS) and testicular regression in the beginning of the dry season (BRS). Sperm storage in the ductus deferens was observed during all months of the year and the sexual segment of the kidney presented hypertrophy in BRS and in the end of the rainy season (ERS), thus synchronized with spermiogenesis. Therefore, environmental conditions (temperature and rainfall) were essential in determining the type of reproductive cycle of B. atrox. Pregnant females were found during several months of the year and the peak of testicular activity occurred in rainy season
Pereira, Luis Lenin Vicente. "Estudo morfológico dos testículos com ênfase na análise da espermatogênese e ultraestrutura de espécies aquáticas de Heteroptera /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92526.
Full textBanca: Fernanda Cristina Alcantara dos Santos
Banca: Sandra Regina de Carvalho Marchesin
Resumo: No presente trabalho verificamos que os testículos possuem morfologias diferentes podendo ser arredondados, arredondados/espiralados ou alongados/espiralados. Com relação à morfometria das células em prófase I, B. micantulum e R. zela foram as que apresentaram as menores células, G. f. flavus foi a que apresentou maior tamanho e R. c. crassifemur e M. brasiliensis apresentaram tamanho intermediário. A avaliação da espermatogênese nos permitiu concluir que as características observadas são semelhantes às das outras espécies de Heteroptera, descritas na literatura, diferindo apenas com relação à morfologia dos testículos, o número de cromossomos e o sistema cromossômico do sexo. A análise das ultraestruturas observadas durante a espermatogênese de Gelastocoris flavus flavus e Martarega uruguayensis mostraram a presença de várias mitocôndrias pequenas e uniformemente distribuidas pelo citoplasma em células em profase I, de ambas espécies, que foram se unindo formando o complexo mitocondrial, que possui no seu interior as mitocôndrias enoveladas, posteriormente este complexo mitocondrial se divide em duas estruturas denominadas derivados mitocondriais, que se dispõem bilateralmente ao axonema. O axonema dessas espécies possui o padrão de 9+9+2. A formação do acrossomo inicia-se nos primeiros estágios da espermiogênese sendo composto de muitas vesículas acrossomais que se unem formando uma única estrutura, sendo observada regiões e algumas estruturas mais coradas em seu interior. Basicamente o processo de espermiogênese não diferiu entre as duas espécies analisadas
Abstract: In this study, we found different morphologies for testes of the Heteroptera species Belostoma anurum, B. micantulum, Gelastocoris angulatus, G. flavus flavus, Rheumatobates crassifemur crassifemur, Buenoa amnigenus, B. unguis, Martarega brasiliensis, M. membranacea, M. uruguayensis, Rhagovelia tenuipes and R. zela. They can by round, round/spiral and elongated/spiral. The size of prophase I cells also varied, being the smallest ones detected in B. micantulum and R. zela, the largest in G. f. flavus, and the intermediate in R. c. crassifemur and M. brasiliensis. The analyses of spermatogenesis allowed us to conclude that, in the studied species, the features are similar to those of other previously described Heteroptera species, differing only as to the testicular morphology, the chromosome number, and the sex chromosome system. Ultrastructural analysis of the spermatogenesis showed several small mitochondrias evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, in cells at prophase I of G. f. flavus and M. uruguayensis. The small mitochondrias joined to form the mitochondrial complex. Later, this mitochondrial complex divided into two structures called mitochondrial derivatives, located bilaterally to the axoneme. The axoneme of these species showed the flagellar pattern 9+9+2. The acrosome started to be formed in the early stages of spermiogenesis, being composed of many acrosome vesicles that join to form a single structure. Some regions within this structure were more strongly stained. Basically the process of spermiogenesis did not differ between the species G. f. flavus and M. uruguayensis
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