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Journal articles on the topic 'Spherical Bushy Cells'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Keine, Christian, and Rudolf Rübsamen. "Inhibition Shapes Acoustic Responsiveness in Spherical Bushy Cells." Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 22 (2015): 8579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0133-15.2015.

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2

Keine, Christian, and Rudolf Rübsamen. "Inhibition shapes acoustic responsiveness in spherical bushy cells." Journal of Neuroscience 35, no. 22 (2015): 8597–92. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0133-15.2015.

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Signal processing in the auditory brainstem is based on an interaction of neuronal excitation and inhibition. To date, we have incomplete knowledge of how the dynamic interplay of both contributes to the processing power and temporal characteristics of signal coding. The spherical bushy cells (SBCs) of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) receive their primary excitatory input through auditory nerve fibers via large, axosomatic synaptic terminals called the endbulbs of Held and by additional, acoustically driven inhibitory inputs. SBCs provide the input to downstream nuclei of the brainst

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3

Cao, Xiao-Jie, and Donata Oertel. "Auditory Nerve Fibers Excite Targets Through Synapses That Vary in Convergence, Strength, and Short-Term Plasticity." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 5 (2010): 2308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00451.2010.

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Auditory nerve fibers are the major source of excitation to the three groups of principal cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), bushy, T stellate, and octopus cells. Shock-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in slices from mice showed systematic differences between groups of principal cells, indicating that target cells contribute to determining pre- and postsynaptic properties of synapses from spiral ganglion cells. Bushy cells likely to be small spherical bushy cells receive no more than three, most often two, excitatory inputs; those likely to be globular bushy cells rec

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4

Gillet, Charlène, Stefanie Kurth, and Thomas Kuenzel. "Muscarinic modulation of M and h currents in gerbil spherical bushy cells." PLOS ONE 15, no. 1 (2020): e0226954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226954.

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5

Koert, Elisabeth, and Thomas Kuenzel. "Small dendritic synapses enhance temporal coding in a model of cochlear nucleus bushy cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 125, no. 3 (2021): 915–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00331.2020.

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We modeled dendritic inputs from the auditory nerve that spherical bushy cells of the cochlear nucleus receive. Dendritic inputs caused both tonic depolarization and modulation of the membrane potential at the input frequency. This improved the rate, entrainment, and temporal precision of output action potentials. Our simulations suggest a role for small dendritic inputs in auditory processing: they modulate the efficacy of the main input supporting temporal precision and fidelity in these central auditory neurons.

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6

Nerlich, Jana, Thomas Kuenzel, Christian Keine, Andrej Korenic, Rudolf Rübsamen, and Ivan Milenkovic. "Dynamic fidelity control to the central auditory system: synergistic glycine/GABAergic inhibition in the cochlear nucleus." Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 35 (2014): 11604–20. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0719-14.2014.

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GABA and glycine are the major inhibitory transmitters that attune neuronal activity in the CNS of mammals. The respective transmitters are mostly spatially separated, that is, synaptic inhibition in the forebrain areas is mediated by GABA, whereas glycine is predominantly used in the brainstem. Accordingly, inhibition in auditory brainstem circuits is largely mediated by glycine, but there are few auditory synapses using both transmitters in maturity. Little is known about physiological advantages of such a two-transmitter inhibitory mechanism. We explored the benefit of engaging both glycine

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7

Milenkovic, Ivan, Ilka Rinke, Mirko Witte, Beatrice Dietz, and Rudolf Rübsamen. "P2 Receptor–Mediated Signaling in Spherical Bushy Cells of the Mammalian Cochlear Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 3 (2009): 1821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00186.2009.

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Purinoreceptors of the P2 family contribute strongly to signaling in the cochlea, but little is known about the effects of purinergic neurotransmission in the central auditory system. Here we examine P2 receptor–mediated signaling in the large spherical bushy cells (SBCs) of Mongolian gerbils around the onset of acoustically evoked signal processing (P9–P14). Brief adenosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATPγS) application evoked inward current, membrane depolarization, and somatic Ca2+ signals. Moreover, ATPγS changed the SBCs firing pattern from phasic to tonic, when the application was synchro

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8

Schwarz, Dietrich W. F., and Ernest Puil. "Firing properties of spherical bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the gerbil." Hearing Research 114, no. 1-2 (1997): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(97)00162-7.

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9

Sento, Seishiro, and David K. Ryugo. "Endbulbs of held and spherical bushy cells in cats: Morphological correlates with physiological properties." Journal of Comparative Neurology 280, no. 4 (1989): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.902800406.

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10

Keine, Christian, Rudolf Rübsamen, and Bernhard Englitz. "Signal integration at spherical bushy cells enhances representation of temporal structure but limits its range." eLife 6 (September 25, 2017): 29639. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1001813.

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Neuronal inhibition is crucial for temporally precise and reproducible signaling in the auditory brainstem. We showed previously (Keine et al., 2016) that for various synthetic stimuli, spherical bushy cell (SBC) activity in the Mongolian gerbil is rendered sparser and more reliable by subtractive inhibition. Employing environmental stimuli, we demonstrate here that the inhibitory gain control becomes even more effective, keeping stimulated response rates equal to spontaneous ones. However, what are the costs of this modulation? We performed dynamic stimulus reconstructions based on neural pop

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11

Kuenzel, T., J. G. G. Borst, and M. van der Heijden. "Factors Controlling the Input-Output Relationship of Spherical Bushy Cells in the Gerbil Cochlear Nucleus." Journal of Neuroscience 31, no. 11 (2011): 4260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.5433-10.2011.

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12

Carney, L. H. "Sensitivities of cells in anteroventral cochlear nucleus of cat to spatiotemporal discharge patterns across primary afferents." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 2 (1990): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.2.437.

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1. This study tested the hypothesis that a cell in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) that receives convergent input from auditory nerve (AN) fibers can be sensitive to the temporal pattern of discharges on the set of AN fibers providing its input. 2. The temporal discharge pattern across the population of low-frequency AN fibers was manipulated by varying the phase spectra of complex stimuli that had fixed, flat magnitude spectra. By introducing a phase shift with variable slope at a particular frequency, the relative times of discharge of phase-locked neurons with different characteri

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13

Dehmel, Susanne, Cornelia Kopp-Scheinpflug, Michael Weick, Gerd J. Dörrscheidt, and Rudolf Rübsamen. "Transmission of phase-coupling accuracy from the auditory nerve to spherical bushy cells in the Mongolian gerbil." Hearing Research 268, no. 1-2 (2010): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2010.06.005.

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14

Ryugo, David K., and Seishiro Sento. "Synaptic connections of the auditory nerve in cats: Relationship between endbulbs of held and spherical bushy cells." Journal of Comparative Neurology 305, no. 1 (1991): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903050105.

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15

Spirou, G. A., W. E. Brownell, and M. Zidanic. "Recordings from cat trapezoid body and HRP labeling of globular bushy cell axons." Journal of Neurophysiology 63, no. 5 (1990): 1169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.63.5.1169.

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1. Recordings were made from single nerve fibers in barbiturate-anesthetized cats in the midline trapezoid body, a location that permits selective sampling of efferent cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus. Single units were localized to either the dorsal or ventral components of the trapezoid body. The fibers were physiologically classified on the basis of their peristimulus time histograms (PSTH) and receptive-field properties. In addition, low characteristic frequency (CF) units were probed for rapid rate and phase shifts with increases in intensity. The projection patterns of some fibers w

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16

Blackburn, C. C., and M. B. Sachs. "The representations of the steady-state vowel sound /e/ in the discharge patterns of cat anteroventral cochlear nucleus neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 63, no. 5 (1990): 1191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.63.5.1191.

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1. We have recorded the responses of neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) of barbiturate-anesthetized cats to the synthetic, steady-state-vowel sound /e/, presented over a range of stimulus intensities. 2. The responses of (putative) spherical bushy cells [primary-like (Pri) units] to the vowel resemble those of auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) in terms of both rate and temporal encoding at low and moderate stimulus levels. It was not possible to study the responses of most Pri units at the highest stimulus level because of the large neurophonic component present in recordings from

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17

Joris, P. X., L. H. Carney, P. H. Smith, and T. C. Yin. "Enhancement of neural synchronization in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. I. Responses to tones at the characteristic frequency." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 3 (1994): 1022–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.1022.

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1. Encoding temporal features of the acoustic waveform is an important attribute of the auditory system. Auditory nerve (AN) fibers synchronize or phase-lock to low-frequency tones and transmit this temporal information to cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN). Phase-locking in the AVCN is usually reported to be similar to or weaker than in the AN. We studied phase-locking in axons of the trapezoid body (TB), which is the output tract of the AVCN, and found, to our surprise, that most TB axons exhibited enhanced synchronization compared with AN fibers. 2. Responses from axons in t

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18

Nerlich, Jana, Christian Keine, Rudolf Rübsamen, R. Michael Burger, and Ivan Milenkovic. "Activity-dependent modulation of inhibitory synaptic kinetics in the cochlear nucleus." Frontiers in neural circuits 8, December (2014): 145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2014.00145.

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Spherical bushy cells (SBCs) in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus respond to acoustic stimulation with discharges that precisely encode the phase of low-frequency sound. The accuracy of spiking is crucial for sound localization and speech perception. Compared to the auditory nerve input, temporal precision of SBC spiking is improved through the engagement of acoustically evoked inhibition. Recently, the inhibition was shown to be less precise than previously understood. It shifts from predominantly glycinergic to synergistic GABA/glycine transmission in an activity-dependent manner. Concurren

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19

Mahendrasingam, S., C. A. Wallam, A. Polwart, and C. M. Hackney. "An immunogold investigation of the distribution of GABA and glycine in nerve terminals on the somata of spherical bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of guinea pig." European Journal of Neuroscience 19, no. 4 (2004): 993–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03193.x.

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20

Milenković, Ivan, Mirko Witte, Rostislav Tureček, Marco Heinrich, Thomas Reinert, and Rudolf Rübsamen. "Development of Chloride-Mediated Inhibition in Neurons of the Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus of Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 3 (2007): 1634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01150.2006.

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At the initial stages in neuronal development, GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission exert depolarizing responses, assumed to be of importance for maturation, which in turn shift to hyperpolarizing in early postnatal life due to development of the chloride homeostasis system. Spherical bushy cells (SBC) of the mammalian cochlear nucleus integrate excitatory glutamatergic inputs with inhibitory (GABAergic and glycinergic) inputs to compute signals that contribute to sound localization based on interaural time differences. To provide a fundamental understanding of the properties of GABAerg

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21

Caspary, D. M., P. M. Backoff, P. G. Finlayson, and P. S. Palombi. "Inhibitory inputs modulate discharge rate within frequency receptive fields of anteroventral cochlear nucleus neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 5 (1994): 2124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2124.

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1. The amino acid neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine function as inhibitory neurotransmitters associated with nonprimary inputs onto spherical bushy and stellate cells, two principal cell types located in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN). These neurons are characterized by primary-like (including phase-locked) and chopper temporal response patterns, respectively. 2. Inhibition directly adjacent to the excitatory response area has been hypothesized to sharpen or limit the breadth of the tonal frequency receptive field. This study was undertaken to test whether

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22

Ozherelev, Viktor N., and Viktor V. Nikitin. "Improving the Design of the Disc Harrow for Berry Plantations." Engineering Technologies and Systems 33, no. 2 (2023): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202302.219-236.

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Introduction. Reducing the distance of throwing soil into the zone around bushes and maintaining a leveled surface between rows of berry crops are urgent scientific problems. Aim of the Article. To identify the basic parameters for the interaction of a spherical disk with waterlogged soil and on this basis to develop the technical solution for reducing the distance of soil throwing away in space between rows of berry crops. Materials and Methods. The object of research is an orchard disc harrow equipped with a protective shield mounted in front of the outermost disc of the tool front panel. Th

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23

Keine, Christian, Rudolf Rübsamen, and Bernhard Englitz. "Signal integration at spherical bushy cells enhances representation of temporal structure but limits its range." eLife 6 (September 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.29639.

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Neuronal inhibition is crucial for temporally precise and reproducible signaling in the auditory brainstem. Previously we showed that for various synthetic stimuli, spherical bushy cell (SBC) activity in the Mongolian gerbil is rendered sparser and more reliable by subtractive inhibition (Keine et al., 2016). Here, employing environmental stimuli, we demonstrate that the inhibitory gain control becomes even more effective, keeping stimulated response rates equal to spontaneous ones. However, what are the costs of this modulation? We performed dynamic stimulus reconstructions based on neural po

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24

Keine, Christian, Rudolf Rübsamen, and Bernhard Englitz. "Inhibition in the auditory brainstem enhances signal representation and regulates gain in complex acoustic environments." eLife 5 (November 18, 2016). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19295.

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Inhibition plays a crucial role in neural signal processing, shaping and limiting responses. In the auditory system, inhibition already modulates second order neurons in the cochlear nucleus, e.g. spherical bushy cells (SBCs). While the physiological basis of inhibition and excitation is well described, their functional interaction in signal processing remains elusive. Using a combination of in vivo loose-patch recordings, iontophoretic drug application, and detailed signal analysis in the Mongolian Gerbil, we demonstrate that inhibition is widely co-tuned with excitation, and leads only to mi

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25

Keine, Christian, Rudolf Rübsamen, and Bernhard Englitz. "Inhibition in the auditory brainstem enhances signal representation and regulates gain in complex acoustic environments." eLife 5 (November 18, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.19295.

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Inhibition plays a crucial role in neural signal processing, shaping and limiting responses. In the auditory system, inhibition already modulates second order neurons in the cochlear nucleus, e.g. spherical bushy cells (SBCs). While the physiological basis of inhibition and excitation is well described, their functional interaction in signal processing remains elusive. Using a combination of in vivo loose-patch recordings, iontophoretic drug application, and detailed signal analysis in the Mongolian Gerbil, we demonstrate that inhibition is widely co-tuned with excitation, and leads only to mi

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26

Goyer, David, Stefanie Kurth, Charlène Gillet, Christian Keine, Rudolf Rübsamen, and Thomas Kuenzel. "Slow Cholinergic Modulation of Spike Probability in Ultra-Fast Time-Coding Sensory Neurons." eNeuro 3, no. 5 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0186-16.2016.

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Sensory processing in the lower auditory pathway is generally considered to be rigid and thus less subject to modulation than central processing. However, in addition to the powerful bottom-up excitation by auditory nerve fibers, the ventral cochlear nucleus also receives efferent cholinergic innervation from both auditory and nonauditory top-down sources. We thus tested the influence of cholinergic modulation on highly precise time-coding neurons in the cochlear nucleus of the Mongolian gerbil. By combining electrophysiological recordings with pharmacological application in vitro and in vivo,

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27

Sadasivan, T. S. "The Nature and Origin of Plant Viruses with an Incursion into Virus Nomenclature." Nelumbo, May 20, 2024, 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v4/1962/76560.

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Eversince, the chemical nature of not only the anisometric tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) but also the crystalline viruses like bushy stunt of tomato, tobacco necrosis virus, turnip yellow mosaic virus and others have been characterized, sap transmissible viruses have been shown to be good antigens and that their antisera had group specificity aiding identification. Whilst symptomatology alone was found unreliable and of insufficient means for diagnosis and classification of viruses, serology, chemical and physical structure of viruses and the modes of transmission have played an important role in

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