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Journal articles on the topic 'Spheroïdal graphite cast iron'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Dierickx, Pierre, Catherine Verdu, Alain Reynaud, and Roger Fougeres. "A study of physico-chemical mechanisms responsible for damage of heat treated and as-cast ferritic spheroïdal graphite cast irons." Scripta Materialia 34, no. 2 (January 1996): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-6462(95)00496-3.

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2

Alonso, G., D. M. Stefanescu, P. Larrañaga, and R. Suarez. "Graphite Nucleation in Compacted Graphite Cast Iron." International Journal of Metalcasting 14, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 1162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00441-2.

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3

Gumienny, G., B. Kurowska, T. Szymczak, and J. Gawroński. "Nickel in Compacted Graphite Iron." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0096.

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AbstractThe paper presents results of the research work concerning effects of nickel concentration on the crystallization process, microstructure and selected properties of the compacted graphite iron. Compacted graphite in the cast iron was obtained with use of the Inmold process. The study has comprised the cast iron containing nickel up to concentration providing obtainment of austenitic microstructure of the matrix. The effect of the nickel on temperature of the eutectic crystallization was specified. It has been presented composition of the cast iron matrix in function of nickel concentration in a casting with wall thickness of 3 mm and 24 mm. Moreover, it has been presented conditions defining the possibility of obtaining an austenitic and martensitic compacted graphite iron. Effect of the nickel on hardness of the cast iron was described.

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4

Muhmond, Haji Muhammad, and Hasse Fredriksson. "Graphite Growth Morphologies in Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.458.

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Graphite growth morphology was studied by using InLense detector on FEG-SEM after performing ion etching on the samples. Star like and circumferential growth mechanism of graphite was observed in the graphite nodules. Pure ternary alloy of hypo eutectic and hyper eutectic composition was treated with pure Mg, Ca and Sr, to study the effect of O and S concentration in the melt, on the transition of graphite morphology from nodular to vermicular/compacted and flake graphite. The change in the melt composition between the austenite dendrites due to micro-segregation of S, O and inoculants and their possible effects on the transition of graphite morphologies as well as the nucleation of new oxides/sulfides particles is discussed with the help of thermodynamics.

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5

Cochard, V., R. A. Harding, J. Campbell, and R. Hérold. "Inoculation of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 4-5 (October 1997): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.4-5.277.

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6

Cembrero, J., and M. Pascual. "Weldability of spheroidal graphite cast iron." Welding International 14, no. 11 (January 2000): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507110009549286.

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7

Mironova, M. V. "Graphite flake cast iron surface hardening." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 966 (November 14, 2020): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/966/1/012064.

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8

El-Baradie, Z. M., M. M. Ibrahim, I. A. El-Sisy, and A. A. Abd El-Hakeem. "Austempering of spheroidal graphite cast iron." Materials Science 40, no. 4 (July 2004): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-005-0071-4.

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9

Dawson, S. "Compacted graphite iron: Cast iron makes a comeback." JOM 46, no. 8 (August 1994): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220775.

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10

Castro, M., M. Herrera-Trejo, J. L. Alvarado-Reyna, C. L. Martínez-Tello, and M. Méndez-Nonell. "Characterization of graphite form in nodular graphite cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 16, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2003.11819563.

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11

Sommerfeld, A., and B. Tonn. "Theory of Graphite Nucleation in Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron." International Journal of Metalcasting 3, no. 4 (October 2009): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03355457.

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12

Elmabrouk, Omar, Osama M. Erfan, and Ali Kalkanli. "The Effect of Magnesium to Sulfur Ratio on the Graphite Morphology of Graphite Cast Iron Produced at Differrent Section Thicknesses." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5880.

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This paper is concerned with the investigation of the effect of magnesium to sulfur ratio on the graphite morphology and estimation of the ranges of this ratio use to produce graphite cast iron at different section sections. The main factors affecting shape of graphite cast iron are the metallurgical structures and the section thicknesses. Cast iron of different shapes of graphite particles directly affect its thermo-mechanical properties. The nodular shape of these graphite particles such as in ductile cast iron improve its mechanical properties, on the other hand, when the shape of these graphite particles become elongated such as in flake graphite cast iron results in improving its thermal conductivity. In between, the worm-like shape of these graphite particles such as in compacted graphite cast iron, make this type of cast iron to have thermo-mechanical properties in between those of ductile and flake graphite cast iron. The different types of ductile , compacted and flake graphite cast iron were produced by means of plunger method at different section thicknesses and the effect of Mg/S ratio on these types of graphite particles was investigated and its range was established.

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13

Fraś, E., and M. Górny. "Inoculation Effects of Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0104-z.

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Abstract The paper presents a solidification sequence of graphite eutectic cells of A and D types, as well as globular and cementite eutectics. The morphology of eutectic cells in cast iron, the equations for their growth and the distances between the graphite precipitations in A and D eutectic types were analyzed. It is observed a critical eutectic growth rate at which one type of eutectic transformed into another. A mathematical formula was derived that combined the maximum degree of undercooling, the cooling rate of cast iron, eutectic cell count and the eutectic growth rate. One type of eutectic structure turned smoothly into the other at a particular transition rate, transformation temperature and transformational eutectic cell count. Inoculation of cast iron increased the number of eutectic cells with flake graphite and the graphite nodule count in ductile iron, while reducing the undercooling. An increase in intensity of inoculation caused a smooth transition from a cementite eutectic structure to a mixture of cementite and D type eutectic structure, then to a mixture of D and A types of eutectics up to the presence of only the A type of eutectic structure. Moreover, the mechanism of inoculation of cast iron was studied.

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14

Khan, Fareed Ashraf, and Hasse Fredriksson. "Melt Stirring of Nodular Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.125.

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In this work the effects of stirring/vigorous shearing on matrix and graphite phase in nodular cast iron melt during solidification were studied. Several experiments were conducted for different cooling and stirring times. Samples were prepared and examinations of the microstructure were conducted and compared using Leica Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, a chemical analysis of the graphite precipitate was performed using EDX equipment mounted on SEM. Oxidation of the melt and formation of oxide nuclei during stirring were observed and analysed. The influence of melt shearing on the structure, nodule count, distribution, area fraction and on overall graphite precipitation was observed and examined with the help of respective computer programs and soft wares. Stirring resulted in increasing the nucleation sites for graphite precipitation thereby increasing the nodule count and area fraction of carbide and transforming the structure from pearlitic matrix to ferritic matrix.

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15

Gomes, Otávio da F. M., and Sidnei Paciornik. "Automatic Classification of Graphite in Cast Iron." Microscopy and Microanalysis 11, no. 4 (July 7, 2005): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927605050415.

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A method for automatic classification of the shape of graphite particles in cast iron is proposed. In a typical supervised classification procedure, the standard charts from the ISO-945 standard are used as a training and validation population. Several shape and size parameters are described and used as discriminants. A new parameter, the average internal angle, is proposed and is shown to be relevant for accurate classification. The ideal parameter sets are determined, leading to validation success rates above 90%. The classifier is then applied to real cast iron samples and provides results that are consistent with visual examination. The method provides classification resultsper particle, different from the traditionalper fieldchart comparison methods. The full procedure can run automatically without user interference.

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16

Theuwissen, K., L. Laffont, M. Véron, and J. Lacaze. "Crystallography of graphite spheroids in cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 29, no. 1-2 (February 10, 2016): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2016.1142233.

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17

Solov'ev, V. P., O. V. Kuragin, and A. P. Vorob'ev. "Crystallization of interdendritic graphite in cast iron." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 34, no. 5 (May 1992): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00776652.

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18

Chisamera, M., I. Riposan, S. Stan, D. White, and G. Grasmo. "Graphite nucleation control in grey cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 21, no. 1-4 (August 2008): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404608x361639.

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19

Hirlimann, C., M. Jouanne, and C. Forrières. "Raman spectroscopy of graphite in cast iron." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 23, no. 5 (May 1992): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250230512.

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20

Boeri, Roberto, and Jorge Sikora. "Solidification macrostructure of spheroidal graphite cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 13, no. 5 (March 2001): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2001.11819412.

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21

Lacaze, Jacques, Gerardo Torres Camacho, and Claude Bak. "Microsegregation in mottled spheroidal graphite cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 16, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2003.11819577.

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22

Theuwissen, K., J. Lacaze, and L. Laffont. "Structure of graphite precipitates in cast iron." Carbon 96 (January 2016): 1120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.066.

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23

Diószegi, Attila, Vasilios Fourlakidis, and Ingvar L. Svensson. "Fracture Mechanics of Gray Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.517.

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The fracture mechanism of gray cast iron was investigated on tension loaded samples produced under different conditions. The parameters studied included the graphite morphology, the carbon content, the inoculation and the cooling condition. The observations made reveal the role of the microstructure on crack propagation. The cracks were found to always propagate parallel with the graphite flakes. The interaction between the metallic matrix precipitated as primary austenite and graphite has been interpreted by a simplified model of the austenite reinforced eutectic cell. The geometrical transcription gave a standard crack component configuration with known mathematical solution. The microstructure observed in the experiments has been analysed by means of a novel interpretation. The fictitious stress intensity at yield and the fictitious maximum stress intensity at failure are strongly related to the relative shape of the eutectic cell and the fraction primary austenite. A different slope is observed for the material cooled at high rate when the precipitation of primary carbide reduces the stress intensity. The observed relations indicate that the tensile strength of the grey cast iron is the result of the collaboration between the toughness of the metallic matrix precipitated as primary austenite and the brittleness of the graphite phase. The shape and distribution of the primary austenite and graphite can be influenced by chemical composition, by inoculation or by the cooling condition, but they will maintain equilibrium with respect to the stress intensity.

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24

Vértesy, G., T. Uchimoto, T. Takagi, I. Tomáš, and H. Kage. "Graphite structure and magnetic parameters of flake graphite cast iron." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 442 (November 2017): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.07.014.

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25

Fras, E., and M. Górny. "An inoculation phenomenon in cast iron." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0084-6.

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The paper presents a solidification sequence of graphite eutectic cells of A and D types, as well as globular and cementite eutectics. The morphology of eutectic cells in cast iron, the equations for their growth and the distances between the graphite precipitations in A and D eutectic types were analysed. We observed a critical eutectic growth rate at which one type of eutectic transformed into another. A mathematical formula was derived that combined the maximum degree of undercooling, the cooling rate of cast iron, eutectic cell count and the eutectic growth rate. One type of eutectic structure turned smoothly into the other at a particular transition rate, transformation temperature and transformational eutectic cell count. Inoculation of cast iron increased the number of eutectic cells with flake graphite and the graphite nodule count in ductile iron, while reducing the undercooling. An increase in intensity of inoculation caused a smooth transition from a cementite eutectic structure to a mixture of cementite and D type eutectic structure, then to a mixture of D and A types of eutectics up to the presence of only the A type of eutectic structure. Moreover, the mechanism of modification of cast iron was studied.

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26

Kiss, Imre. "Cast iron rolls." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180516131304.

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The manufacturing process of the rolling rolls, as well as the quality of materials used in casting them, can have an important influence upon the quality and the safety of the exploitation. Our approaches to the issue of quality assurance of the rolling rolls, from the viewpoint of the quality of materials that are featured, can cause duration and safety in the rolling exploitation. This research is required because of the numerous flaws that cause rejection, since the phase of melting of these irons is intended to cast rolls. According to the industrial analysis in the cast iron rolls foundries, the results show that one of the main rejection categories is due to the inadequate hardness of the rolls. One of the parameters that will determine the cast iron’s structure is the chemical composition, and this factor could assure the exploitation properties of each roll in all the stands of rolling mill. In this sense, the paper presents an overview of industrial and laboratory research regarding the assurance of the chemical composition of the irons (with nodular graphite) destined for the half–hard rolls casting, and tries to draw some remarks upon the proper correlations of these irons. This study analyses iron rolls cast in combined moulds (iron chill, for the barrel and moulding sand, for the necks of rolls) and includes charges of rolls from half–hard classes, with definite structure and nodular graphite, obtained in simplex cast processes. It presents, in graphical form, the influence of the chemical composition of these irons on the hardness, measured on the barrel. The proper solution is determined through some mathematical restrictions to the input data that the mathematical modelling is initiated with. It will be determined through regression equations, which describe the mathematical dependency between the hardness and the elements of chemical composition – the basic elements (Carbon [C], Manganese [Mn] and Silicon [Si]), the particulate elements (Sulphur [S], Phosphorus [P] and Magnesium [Mg]) and the main alloying elements (Nickel [Ni], Molybdenum [Mo] and Chrome [Cr]). The main results and the graphical addenda are presented.

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27

Ma, Ming Tu, Zhi Gang Li, Hong Liang Yi, and Hao Zhang. "Fatigue Properties of Spherical Graphite Iron Crankshafts." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2744.

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The crankshafts of semi-finished products were manufactured by two processes: as-cast followed by normalizing and iron mould with sand liner as-cast. Then those were machined and nitridized followed by the bending fatigue test. At last mechanical properties and impact properties of sampled crankshafts were tested. The mechanical properties are similar in the crankshafts treated by both of the processes, however, the bending fatigue limits of as-cast spherical graphite iron crankshafts are much higher than that of normalized spherical graphite iron crankshafts, whose crack producing work and extending work is higher as well. The higher extended work is considered to relate to the oeil-de-boeuf ferrite and graphite structure and pearlite in as-cast spherical graphite iron crankshafts, while the normalized ones with lower fatigue limit value are composed of spherical graphite and pearlite. Cracks having initiated in the graphite, the tips of cracks can be blunted and the crack propagation can be impeded efficiently by ferrites surrounding the graphite in this structure.

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28

Vdovin, Konstantin N., M. V. Shubina, and I. G. Shubin. "Investigation of Grey Cast Iron Microstructure Influence on its Heat Resistance." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.332.

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Grey cast iron is one of the most common engineering materials used to make castings which work in thermal cycling. Under thermal cycling conditions, heat resistance is an important operational property of grey cast iron, which depends to the greatest extent on its structure – size and shape of the graphite inclusions, as well as the metal matrix composition. In this paper, the heat resistance of unalloyed grey cast iron with lamellar and compact graphite distributed in perlitic and perlitic-ferritic metal matrices was determined. The tests were carried out at temperatures of 500 – 800 °C. The results of the studies showed an insignificant difference of perlitic and perlitic-ferritic grey cast iron with lamellar graphite heat resistance. The heat resistance of perlitic ferritic grey cast iron with compact graphite is 16 – 48 % higher than the heat resistance of perlitic ferritic grey cast iron with lamellar graphite. Thus, when the shape of the graphite inclusions changed from lamellar to compact, a significant increase in the heat resistance of unalloyed grey cast iron occurred.

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29

Sachek, O. A., A. N. Chichko, S. G. Likhouzov, T. V. Matyushinets, and O. I. Chichko. "PARAMETERIZATION OF MICROSTRUCTURES IMAGES OF SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRON ON THE BASIS OF THE GRAPHITE DISTRIBUTION DENSITY FUNCTION OF THE INCLUSIONS SIZE." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-1-50-56.

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The possibilities of parameterization of microstructures such as SHG2, SHG4, SHG6, SHG10, SHG12, SHgd15, SHgd25, SHgd45, SHgd90, SHgd180, SHgd360 according to GOST (State All-union standard) 3443–87 based on the microstructures of cast iron with different diameter spheroidal graphite are shown. It is proposed to use the function of the density distribution of graphite inclusions in size for the classification of cast iron microstructures with spheroidal graphite. It is shown that density function of graphite inclusions can be used as a criterion of classification of microstructures of cast iron with spheroidal graphite, that offers new opportunities for the quantitative analysis of relations «microstructure-property» for cast iron with spheroidal graphite.

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30

Сканцев, Виталий, Vitaliy Skantsev, Денис Болдырев, Denis Boldyrev, Сергей Давыдов, Sergey Davydov, Лариса Попова, and Larisa Popova. "Evolution of unregulated forms of graphite inclusions in graphitized structural cast iron." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17141.

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The evolution influence of the graphite form (from a platetype form to a globular one) upon structural cast iron properties was analyzed and grounded, there were also considered cast iron peculiarities and prospects of their commercial application is estimated. For castings production the expediency of rational application of unregulated graphitized cast iron with the intermediate transitional morphology of graphite inclusions instead of grey iron high grades with lamellar graphite (GI 30, GI 35) and malleable cast iron is shown. The appropriate use substantiation of mentioned cast iron types taking into account their peculi-arities is shown.

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31

Stawarz, Marcin, and Malwina Dojka. "Bifilm Inclusions in High Alloyed Cast Iron." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113067.

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Continuous improvement in the quality of castings is especially important since a cast without defects is a more competitive product due to its longer lifecycle and cheaper operation. Producing quality castings requires comprehensive knowledge of their production, crystallization process, and chemical composition. The crystallization of alloyed ductile iron (without the addition of magnesium) with oxide bifilm inclusions is discussed. These inclusions reduce the quality of the castings, but they are a catalyst for the growth of spheroidal graphite that crystallizes in their vicinity. The research was carried out for cast iron with a highly hyper-eutectic composition. Scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis were used in the research. A detailed analysis of the chemical composition was also carried out based on the spectrometric method, weight method, etc. Based on the obtained results, a model of spheroidal graphite crystallization near bifilm inclusions was proposed. The surface of the analyzed graphite particles was smooth, which suggests a primary crystallization process. The phenomenon of simple graphite and bifilm segregation towards the heat center of the castings was also documented.

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32

Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "SOME FEATURES OF ULTRASONIC TESTING OF CAST IRON OBJECTS WITH FLAKE AND GLOBULAR GRAPHITE USING NORMAL LINEAR PROBES WITH PHASED ARRAYS." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 261 (March 2020): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.03.pp.004-019.

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Computer modelling of the acoustic characteristics of signals of direct normal probe with phased array (PFR) in the cast iron with flake and globular graphite was performed. As a result the form of acoustic pulses of a longitudinal wave, depending on the passed by wave distance and the values of attenuation coefficient for different models of cast iron was calculated. The main modeled characteristics of the probe include the directivity characteristic and the change in the amplitude of the signal along the acoustic axis. It is shown that the difference in the PFR directivity characteristics for cast iron with flake graphite of different models and steel is due to two factors – significantly lower longitudinal wave velocities in cast iron compared to steel and a decrease in its operating frequency due to attenuation. In this case, for cast iron with globular graphite, a small change in the width of the diagrams is due only to the lower speed of longitudinal waves in cast iron compared to steel. For cast iron with flake graphite model 3, the phenomenon of nonlinear attenuation due to a decrease in the frequency of the maximum of the signal spectrum during the propagation of a longitudinal wave in cast iron with a corresponding decrease in the frequency – dependent attenuation coefficient is established. Evaluation of the nonlinearity of attenuation for cast iron with globular graphite showed that it is very small. The influence of calculation of initial signal delays on the velocity of longitudinal waves in steel on the directivity characteristics in cast iron, decreasing with increasing focus distance, is established. It is shown that for cast iron with flake graphite there are cases when the direction of transmitting of PFR in cast iron is practically absent.

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33

Takezawa, Makoto, Seung Won Lee, Susumu Ikeno, and Kenji Matsuda. "Microstructure Observations of Graphite in Gray Cast Iron Using TEM." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1911–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1911.

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Cast iron is an iron alloy mainly composed of carbon and silicon, the amount of carbon is more than 2.1 mass%. Cast irons, gray cast iron and ductile cast iron, have been used as industrial parts and automobile parts widely because they have a good wear resistance and an excellent machinability. Graphite formation mechanism have been proposed, but, it is not established clearly yet. In this study, the microstructure of flake graphite was investigated to reveal the graphite formation mechanisms using FC250 alloy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were prepared using focused ion beam (FIB). In the case of a cross section of flake graphite taken perpendicular to its elongated direction using TEM, internal microstructure of flake graphite was observed layered structure. In the case of a cross section of flake graphite taken parallel to its elongated direction, clear microstructure was not observed. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) from flake graphite showed <0001> direction of graphite are mostly parallel to their thickness.

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34

Uchimoto, Tetsuya, Toshiyuki Takagi, and Toshihiko Abe. "Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation of Graphite Structures in Flake Graphite Cast Iron." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 51, no. 6 (2010): 1114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.f-m2010809.

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35

Болдырев, Денис, Denis Boldyrev, Сергей Давыдов, Sergey Davydov, Виталий Сканцев, Vitaliy Skantsev, Лариса Попова, and Larisa Popova. "Structural iron with compact forms of graphite." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22979.

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The identity of the mechanical properties of ductile iron (QP) and cast iron with compact forms of graphite, in particular, with nodular and vermicular graphite (CSWG). Given the fundamental differences in techniques of obtaining QP and CSUG in terms of their labor, material and energy intensity at virtually the identical strength properties shown to be technically and economically preferable for the manufacture of castings of CSWG and other cast iron with a compact form of graphite.

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36

Feng, Yu Shuang, Ze Sheng Ji, and He Sheng Wu. "Research on Cored Wire Re-Sulfurization Injection for Compacted Graphite Cast Iron." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.231.

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To promote the application process of compacted graphite cast iron in non-automotive industry, cored wire re-sulfurization injection was developed for the production of compacted graphite cast iron. Firstly, ductile cast iron was produced by cored wire injection. Then, the effective final residual Mg level was reduced to the appropriate range for compacted graphite formation by feeding sulfidizing cored wire containing 99% S. In this paper, the influencing factors on percentage of compacted graphite were analysed, such as the final residual Mg level, cored wire injection speed. The results show that compacted graphite cast iron with less than 20% nodularity can be produced steadily on the condition of adopting the correct speed and the added sulfidizing cored wire in the range from 0.8m/t to 0.9m/t. Practice has proven that cored wire re-sulfurization injection would be most appropriate for jobbing foundries intending to manufacture compacted graphite cast iron castings for engineering industries.

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37

Lupinca, Cinca Ionel, Marian Dumitru Nedeloni, and Dorian Nedelcu. "Gray Cast Iron Behavior in Cavitation Erosion." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.269.

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The paper presents the cavitation stand used, the work methodology, the trials realized on specimens of gray cast irons, with flake graphite and spheroidal-graphite, which were tested for cavitation erosion during different periods of time of the cavitation attack. Finally, the conclusions were interpreted on the basis of comparative graphics realized at the macro and microstructures level obtained for these two types of cast iron. Of the two types of gray cast iron, the nodular cast iron presents a better cavitation erosion resistance.

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38

Gumienny, G., M. Dondzbach, and B. Kacprzyk. "Effect of Chromium on the Solidification Process and Microstructure of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0054.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of chromium concentration on the solidification process, microstructure and selected properties of cast iron with vermicular graphite. The vermicular graphite cast iron was obtained by an Inmold process. Studies covered the cast iron containing chromium in a concentration at which graphite is still able to preserve its vermicular form. The effect of chromium on the temperature of eutectic crystallization and on the temperature of the start and end of austenite transformation was discussed. The conditions under which, at a predetermined chromium concentration, the vermicular graphite cast iron of a pearlitic matrix is obtained were presented, and the limit concentration of chromium was calculated starting from which partial solidification of the cast iron in a metastable system takes place. The effect of chromium on the hardness of cast iron, microhardness of individual phases and surface fraction of carbides was disclosed.

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39

Danilov, V. N., and L. V. Voronkova. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF ATTENUATION OF ELASTIC LONGITUDINAL WAVES IN CAST IRON WITH FLAKE GRAPHITE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SIGNALS DURING ULTRASONIC TESTING." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 252 (2019): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.06.pp.018-033.

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The model of estimation of damping coefficient of elastic longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite due to their Rayleigh and phase scattering on graphite inclusions, considering the deviation of the modulus of bulk elasticity of the phases of cast iron (metal base and graphite) from the mean value, is developed according to the theory of Mason. At the same time, the characteristics of cast iron used for calculations include the value of the longitudinal wave velocity, the mass content of graphite inclusions and their average size. In the process of studying the effect of attenuation of elastic longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite on the characteristics of signals with narrow, medium width and wide spectra, a difference in the nature of the spectra changes due to frequency-dependent attenuation depending on the nominal pulse frequencies, cast iron models and the distance traveled by the ultrasonic wave is established. It is shown that the shorter the pulse, the greater the shift of the spectrum maximum in the frequency range less than the nominal. The effect of attenuation of longitudinal waves in cast iron with flake graphite on the impulse directivity characteristic of the round piezoplate depending on the cast iron model and pulse spatial length is established. The expansion of pulse directivity characteristics with increasing of the distance traveled by the wave in cast iron is shown, the greater the wider the pulse spectrum.

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40

KATAOKA, Yoshihiro, Toshiyuki MIYAZAKI, and Takahisa MASUZAWA. "Laser-Assisted Deburring of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron." Journal of The Japan Society of Electrical Machining Engineers 27, no. 55 (1993): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2526/jseme.27.55_1.

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41

Ando, Masahiro, and Tadashi Nishihara. "Fractal Analysis of Graphite Shape in Cast Iron." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 60, no. 8 (1996): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.60.8_775.

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42

Dahlberg, M. "Fatigue crack propagation in nodular graphite cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404604225012398.

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43

Jianzhong, Li. "Heterogeneous nuclei of graphite in grey cast iron." Materials Science and Technology 4, no. 8 (August 1988): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1988.4.8.740.

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44

Hsu, C. H., and S. C. Lee. "High strength high toughness compacted graphite cast iron." Materials Science and Technology 11, no. 8 (August 1995): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1995.11.8.765.

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45

SHANMUGAM, S., and R. KRISHNAMURTHY. "Machinability study on pearlitic spheroidal graphite cast iron." International Journal of Production Research 30, no. 1 (January 1992): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549208942886.

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46

Chisamera, Mihai, and lulian Riposan. "New methods to obtain coral graphite cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 11, no. 5 (March 1999): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.1999.11819294.

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47

Yamaguchi, Y., S. Kiguchi, H. Sumimoto, and K. Nakamura. "Effect of graphite morphology on decarburized cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 16, no. 1-3 (August 2003): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2003.11819572.

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48

Metlitskii, V. A. "Arc welding austenitic nodular graphite nickel cast iron." Welding International 12, no. 3 (January 1998): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119809448480.

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49

Dubinskii, V. N., I. O. Leushin, V. A. Korovin, V. V. Galkin, A. N. Grachev, and V. A. Pryanichnikov. "Hot deformation of cast iron with globular graphite." Steel in Translation 37, no. 1 (January 2007): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091207010044.

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50

Silman, G. I., K. V. Makarenko, V. V. Kamynin, and E. A. Zentsova. "Bainitic high-strength cast iron with globular graphite." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 55, no. 3-4 (July 2013): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-013-9600-1.

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