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Academic literature on the topic 'Sphéroïde tumoraux'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sphéroïde tumoraux"
Guiet, Romain. "Étude des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la migration des macrophages humains dans des environnements en trois dimensions." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1487/.
Full textTissue infiltration of macrophages is an aggravating factor in many diseases such as chronic inflammation and cancer. Macrophages that infiltrate tumors are called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Thus, inhibition of macrophage infiltration has become a therapeutic goal. Recently, the team demonstrated that macrophages use the amoeboid (depending on ROCK) or the mesenchymal (depending on proteases) migratory mode according to the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture in three dimensions (3D). In addition, the study of the mesenchymal migration mode showed that it is dependent on Hck (a phagocyte-specific tyrosine kinase) and its ability to reorganize podosomes (ECM-degrading actin-rich structures) into rosettes. My thesis project was organized around two axes 1) the identification of substrates of Hck and the characterization of their role in the organization of podosomes and 3D migration of macrophages, and 2) the study of the 3D migration mechanisms of primary human monocytes/ macrophages within an in vitro tumor model: tumor cell spheroids. By a proteomic approach, I have identified potential partners and substrates of Hck, including the protein Filamin A (FLNa), a protein interacting with the actin cytoskeleton and integrins. Using different tools (recombinant proteins, antibodies, shRNA. . . ) I showed that: 1) Hck phosphorylates FLNa in vitro, 2) FLNa is localized to podosomes and is necessary for their organization as rosettes under the control of Hck, 3) the podosomes of FLNa-deficient cells have a shorter life span, and 4) the expression of FLNa is required for mesenchymal migration, but not for amoeboid migration of macrophages in a 3D ECM. Thus, FLNa could be a substrate of Hck necessary for the formation and stabilization of podosomes and their organization as rosettes, and is required for the mesenchymal migration of macrophages. In parallel, I developed a model of tumor cell spheroids, which allowed me to show that the infiltration of monocytes or macrophages in this in vitro tissue model of tumor is dependent on ROCK and proteases, signature of the use of the two migration modes. Then, when spheroids were embedded into ECM, I demonstrated that the presence of macrophages infiltrated into the spheroids is necessary to trigger the invasiveness of tumor cells. Indeed, macrophages infiltrate first the surrounding ECM and tumor cells follow macrophages in the matrix outside of the spheroid. Hck-/- macrophages, that are defective in mesenchymal migration, are significantly less effective in promoting the invasion of tumor cells. These results indicate that the activity of migration and matrix remodeling exerted by macrophages is prominent in tumor invasion. These results have established the migratory mode of macrophages infiltrating an in vitro tumor model and a mechanism required for tumor invasiveness promoted by macrophages. Thus during my thesis, I characterized the molecular and cellular mechanisms of 3D migration of human macrophages. Indeed, I have been able to: 1) identify a protein necessary for the mesenchymal migration of macrophages, 2) highlight the use by macrophages of the amoeboid and mesenchymal migration modes during their infiltration into an in vitro tumor model in 3D and 3) show that the matrix remodeling activity of macrophages during their migration plays a critical role in tumor cell invasion
Griffon, Geneviève. "Radio- et chimiosensibilité in vitro de sphéroïdes tumoraux multicellulaires issus de carcinomes ovariens humains." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10437.
Full textJudée, Florian. "Liquides activés par jet de plasma froid pour le traitement sélectif du cancer colorectal : synthèse, caractérisation et essais thérapeutiques sur modèles cellulaires 3D in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30344/document.
Full textPlasma devices at atmospheric pressure (AP) generate many physical active species (photons, charged particles, electric field, etc.) and chemical (free radicals, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, etc...). This species are well known for their direct or indirect biological effects thus biomedical treatment by low temperature plasma jets at AP is currently a hot research topic. The upsurge of radioresistance and chemoresistance of microorganisms and cancer cells requires the development of new biomedical treatment. In this general context, the present work is a step towards the understanding of the effect induced by low temperature plasma jets at atmospheric pressure on colorectal cancer (second leading cause of death by cancer in France). This thesis focuses on the implementation of an in vitro biological model (multicellular tumor spheroid of colorectal cancer HCT116) in 3 dimensions which allows to take into account key parameters in tumor proliferation. This model is also well suited for the prediction of in vivo results in the aim of a subsequent clinical study. Further research about kinetic reactions of active species has been studied from the plasma device up to intracellular interactions through physical, biological and chemical analyses. Indirect treatment of tumors was carried out through helium plasma jet activated liquids. This solution was chosen for its relevance for endoscopic treatment of colorectal cancer. Interaction between plasma activated liquid and multicellular tumor spheroids has shown two distinct pathways. The first one is the genotoxicity of activated medium induced by the occurrence of hydrogen peroxide which induced DNA damages once penetrated in intracellular medium and leading to cell death by apoptosis. A direct interaction between free radicals generated in liquid medium and the latter components (amino acids, glucose, etc.) associated with the occurrence of nitrites and nitrates induces a long-term antiproliferative effect of plasma activated liquid. Chemical pathways of the formation of these active species were identified by using different analysis techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance and optical emission spectroscopy. Therapeutic analysis have also demonstrated that plasma activated liquid damage preferentially colon cancer cells rather than healthy cells making it a particularly promising selective treatment method. The design and the characterization of a second plasma jet using argon as a carrier gas was carried out with the aim to improve the antiproliferative effect of plasmas on tumors while taking into account the requirement for the use of such device for colorectal cancer treatment
Desmaison, Annaïck. "Impact des contraintes mécaniques sur la division cellulaire : analyse dans modèle tumoral multicellulaire en 3 dimensions : le sphéroïde." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2367/.
Full textA tumor micro-region consists of a heterogeneous cancer cell population organized in a 3D structure in which cell growth is influenced by interaction with the microenvironment. Changes in mechanical homeostasis within tissues are observed during tumor growth, leading to high pressure and tension forces within the growing tumor. Those changes in mechanical properties of the microenvironment participate to tumor development by influencing, amongst others, proliferation and migration of tumor cells. One important aspect of the control of proliferation is the regulation of the cell cycle. Many studies have demonstrated that mitosis progression, the division process of cell cycle, is not only biochemically regulated, but also mechanically regulated. However, the impact of mechanical cues on mitotic progression has essentially been documented using 2D monolayer-based models and very little is known about the consequences of mechanical stress on cell division within tumors. In this context, my goal was to investigate the impact of mechanical stress on cell division in MultiCellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS), an in vitro model that mimics 3D cell organization and heterogeneity found in tumor microregions in vivo. We first induced mechanical stress on MCTS by restricting their growth in a confined environment. We demonstrated that mechanical stress impairs cell division. The study of the dynamics of mitosis progression within MCTS mechanically constrained in agarose, showed that mechanical stress induces a delay in prometaphase. This delay may be due to a transient defect in spindle assembly, and possibly implies actin filament dynamics. This defect in spindle assembly does not seem to induce a preferential orientation deviation of the division axis of cells within spheroids. Futhermore, we showed that in this mechanical stressed condition, drugs destabilizing the actomyosin cytoskeleton do not alter mitosis anymore, suggesting that signaling pathways could be activated and avoid aberrant mitosis progression. Altogether these results suggest that mechanical stress induced by progressive confinement of growing spheroid could slow down mitotic progression. However, a defect in mitosis progression could lead to chromosomes missegregation, responsible for increased genomic instability and cellular heterogeneity. This genetic heterogeneity characteristic of tumors is one of the major reasons for the limited efficiency of current therapeutic strategies. Mechanical stress might also induce the activation of specific pathways able to bypass the effect of certain drugs. This study paves the way for future research to a better understanding of the tumor cell response to mechanical cues similar to those encountered during in vivo tumor development. It could contribute to defining important characteristics of mechanical parameters of tumor on drug efficiency and open new perspectives in anti-tumor therapy
Moulet, Hélène. "Mort cellulaire initiée par l'oxygène singulet : mise en évidence d'effets à longue portée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R004/document.
Full textSinglet oxygen (1O2) is the first excited state of molecular oxygen. It is the major cytotoxic agent in photo-dynamic therapy. We use direct optical excitation of oxygen to quantitatively estimate 1O2 production rate in cells and to study its cytotoxic effects.In multicellular tumor spheroids, which mimic tumor geometry in vitro, we highlight long-range cell death that cannot be explained by singlet oxygen alone. This death is caused by 1O2 generated within spheroids but outside of the cells. We set up an experiment enabling spatial control of extra-cellular 1O2 production. The measured long-range cell death in these experiments implies the presence of secondary reactive oxygen species. Lastly, some cell death modalities are preferred from a treatment perspective, in order, for example, to limit inflammatory response. We set up an in vitro experiment that enabled us to observe different cell death modalities according to 1O2 production rates and exposure times
Chaddad, Hassan. "Development of vascularized tumor spheroids mimicking the tumor environment : angiogenesis and hypoxia." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ001.
Full textThe tumor microenvironment, tumor angiogenesis, and hypoxia play a critical role in the tumor progression and therapy development of many cancers. Limitations in drug penetration, multidrug resistance phenomena, tumor vascularization, and oxygen deficiency are all parameters influencing drug effects. 3D cell culture allows to create a microenvironment that more closely mimics in vivo tissue architecture and function, thus, gene and protein expression modified by the 3D environment are further features that affect treatment outcome. In our first study, in order to develop a vascularized 3D model like in vivo tumors, we co-cultured 2D endothelial cells with 3D tumor cells. After 2 weeks of this combination, a vascular network was formed and organized with tubule-like structures presenting a lumen and expressing different angiogenic markers such as VEGF, CD31 and Collagen IV. In our second study, we developed an in vitro hypoxia model integrating the 3D environment and a hypoxia mimetic agent (CoCl2) to mimic the in vivo tumors and to show the importance of hypoxia in drug response and resistance. Results revealed that the best condition was the combination 3D+CoCl2 model, leading to overexpression oh hypoxia (GLUT1/3, VEGF) and drug resistance (ABCG2, MRP1) related genes. Taken together, angiogenesis and hypoxia are key factors for in vivo tumor microenvironment and they should be adopted in in vitro model design to better select and screen anticancer drugs
Camus, Duboc Marine. "Chimiosensibilisation de l’adénocarcinome canalaire du pancréas par la perturbation du microenvironnement tumoral et l’augmentation de la biodisponibilité dans la cellule tumorale : effets de la cavitation ultrasonore et de l’inhibition de nrf2." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB113.
Full textPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has increased in incidence over the past decade, leading it to be the fourth lethal cause of cancer in the world with a very poor prognosis, since less than 5% of patients are alive at 5 years. Many advances in the understanding of pancreatic tumorigenesis, notably on the genetic, immune and cellular stroma interactions of the tumor, have led to the development of new treatment strategies in the last decade. However, despite very encouraging pre-clinical results, none of these strategies has yet led to the emergence of a truly effective treatment in comparison with standard chemotherapy. This thesis focused on two innovative therapeutic modalities in the treatment of PDAC at a preclinical stage by studying in vitro (2D and 3D cell cultures) and in vivo (ectopic, orthotopic xenografts) the effects on the tumor growth of an inhibitor of the Nrf2 pathway (involved in oxidative stress), on the first hand, and of a physical element, ultrasound cavitation associated with liposomal chemotherapy, on the second hand. Ultrasound cavitation is a mechanical effect of ultrasound to increase the uptake of molecules or genes in cells. The feasibility and effectiveness of the combination of liposomal chemotherapy targeted by ultrasonic cavitation was evaluated in murin orthotopic models of PDAC. An ultrasound delivery system has been adapted to apply focused inertial cavitation to PDAC xenografts created after the injection of liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX) according to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study carried out in the murine model. L-DOX, designed on unsaturated phospholipids of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, was known to be stable in the bloodstream and to maximize its accumulation and release of the active drug during ultrasound delivery. This thesis shows that this therapeutic combination (L DOX and inertial cavitation) makes it possible to reduce the tumor volume in vivo in a nude mouse orthotopic model of PDAC. Inertial cavitation may be generated to increase the therapeutic effect of chemotherapybearing liposomes accumulated in the tumor with minimal mechanical effect on the surrounding tissue. Recent studies strongly suggest that Nrf2 is an ideal target against chemoresistance of PDAC. In vitro and in vivo methods were combined to examine the effect of brusatol associated with chemotherapeutic agents on cell death in addition to its impact on oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and gluthation levels). This thesis demonstrates that the inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway via brusatol, a natural compound derived from Fructus Bruceae, potentiates the effects of chemotherapy and allows the inhibition of tumor growth in vitro on PDAC cell lines. This inhibition is accompanied by a modulation of oxidative stress by brusatol, with increasing ROS and decreasing GSH. In vivo, the combination of brusatol and oxaliplatin reduced tumor volume in two mouse models of PDAC xenograft. These results suggest the efficacy of using brusatol to combat chemoresistance and reinforce the idea that brusatol could be developed as an adjuvant to chemotherapy in PA. Clinical work was also carried out in parallel on an innovative physical treatment modality, endobiliary radiofrequency, in the management of adenoma of the ampoule of Vater, a rare tumor located between the digestive and the bilio-pancreatic systems. The results of this work will also be presented in this thesis
Lazzari, Gianpiero. "Shedding lights on cancer cells and their microenvironment : development of 3D in vitro tumor models to shorten the translation of nanomedicines from the bench to the bedside." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS400.
Full textIn the last decades, various engineered systems for drug delivery (i.e., nanomedicines) have been developed with the aim to overcome the limits associated to conventional chemotherapy, such as non-specific drug distribution, poor delivery to the target tissue and rapid metabolism. However, the success of new therapeutic strategies in the clinic is still suboptimal and only a limited number is currently marketed.A discrepancy between promising preclinical in vitro results and the in vivo performances is often observed in the early stage of drug development and might be ascribed to the lack of capacity of the models commonly used for in vitro studies to faithfully reproduce the pathophysiology of solid tumors. These models mainly consist of cancer cells cultured as flat (two dimensional, 2D) monolayers or assembled to form three dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS).However, being composed exclusively of one cell type, these models are too simplistic. They do not allow to reproduce the heterogeneous cellular composition, as well as, the complex architecture of the tumor and its surrounding microenvironment. Thus, they fail to replicate the multiple biological barriers that drugs and nanomecidines have to cross in order to reach the target cells.The aim of this PhD thesis was to overcome these limitations and construct a reliable tool for an appropriate in vitro evaluation of the therapeutic potential of nanomedicines and other chemotherapies. Attention has been focused on the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) whose strong fibrotic reaction represents a well-known example of a tumor biological barrier responsible of the limited efficacy of the treatments. The main part of this research work relies on the construction and complete characterization of novel hetero-type MCTS based on a triple co-culture of pancreatic cancer cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and thus capable to integrate the cancerous component and the microenvironment of the tumor. The constructed 3D model has demonstrated the capacity to reproduce in vitro the influence of the microenvironment on the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. In addition, by combining the 3D model and the innovative Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM), we have been able to investigate the penetration of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (in a free form and loaded into nanoparticles (NPs)) in a high informative manner. Then, in order to acquire a better understanding on how nanomedicines and other anticancer chemotherapies interact with the tumor, we sought to combine the hetero-type 3D culture with controlled flow conditions in a microfluidic device. To reach this goal we have designed and fabricated a tailor-made chip suitable to host both a MCTS and a perfusable microvascular network (i.e., MCTS-on-a-chip)
Delarue, Morgan. "Influences de contraintes mécaniques sur le développement du cancer." Paris 7, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044604.
Full textIn 1889, the clinician Stefen Paget came up with the « seed and soil » hypothesis, to explain tumor progression. The seed - the tumor - can only grow in the right soil - the tumor microenvironment. During cancer development, the tumor and the microenvironment are in a constant biochemical crosstalk. We studied during this thesis the seed and soil hypothesis in a mechanical perspective: can the mechanical soil influence tumor progression? We chose an in vitro approach to decouple the biochemistry from the mechanics. We worked with multicellular spheroids, which are small balls of tumor cells that remarkably mimic a tumor. We developed a methodology that enables us to exert mechanical stresses on spheroids, and we studied the influence of such stresses. We show that mechanical stress can indeed have an influence on tumor development. First, the growth rate of a spheroid under mechanical stress is drastically but reversibly reduced. The cells in the center of a spheroid show a decreased volume, and it seems that this volume reduction triggers a proliferation arrest. Second, we show that a cell flow originates from cell division, and that this flow is reduced under mechanical stress. Eventually, we report that a spheroid embedded in a collagen gel invades the latter under mechanical stress. In conclusion, whether mechanical crosstalk restrains or promotes tumor progression, it is an intrinsic element of tumor development, superimposed to the biochemical crosstalk
Michel, Thomas. "Analyse mathématique et calibration de modèles de croissance tumorale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0222/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present several works on the study and the calibration of partial differential equations models for tumor growth. The first part is devoted to the mathematical study of a model for tumor drug resistance in the case of gastro-intestinal tumor (GIST) metastases to the liver. The model we study consists in a coupled partial differential equations system and takes several treatments into account, such as a anti-angiogenic treatment. This model is able to reproduce clinical data. In a first part, we present the proof of the existence/uniqueness of the solution to this model. Then, in a second part, we study the asymptotic behavior of the solution when a parameter of this model, describing the capacity of the tumor to evacuate the necrosis, goes to 0. In the second part of this thesis, we present the development of model for tumor spheroids growth. We also present the model calibration thanks to in vitro experimental data. The main objective of this work is to reproduce quantitatively the proliferative cell distribution in a spheroid, as a function of the concentration of nutrients. The modeling and calibration of this model have been done thanks to experimental data consisting of proliferative cells distribution in a spheroid