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Academic literature on the topic 'Sphéroïdes de cellules – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sphéroïdes de cellules – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet"
Castillon, Nicolas. "Culture tridimensionnelle de cellules épithéliales respiratoires humaines : applications à la thérapie génique et cellulaire." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMM207.
Full text@We have shown that human airway epithelial cells cultured as 3-D spheroid could mimic for a long term an airway surface epithelium structure and functionality. We analyzed the potential capacity of these 3-D structures to regenerate an airway epithelium and to be transduced using a pseudotyped lentiviral vector encoding GFP. Our results demonstrate that the spheroids can regenerate a well-differentiated human airway epithelium and can be efficiently transduced by a pseudotyped lentiviral vector with a sustained and long-term expression of the GFP, without any alteration of the spheroid structure and functionality (ciliary beating frequency and CFTR Cl- channel activity). The spheroids could be proposed as a potential tool for gene and cell therapy in order to repopulate a denuded airway epithelium in cystic fibrosis
Hollender, Patrick. "Capacités migratoires et activité métalloprotéase de cellules impliquées dans le développement tumoral métastasiant et la réponse immune : cas des cellules leucémiques et des cellules dendritiques dérivées de monocytes." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMP207.
Full textKlimchenko, Oléna. "Différenciation hématopoïétique des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077056.
Full textHematopoiesis in vertebrates includes two waves: one transitional extraembryonic called primitive and the second intra-embryonic origin called definitive. This sequence in mammals has been well studied in mice and much more difficult in humans for ethical reasons. The development of cell lines of human embryonic stem) offers a unique cellular model to study the different events mat occur during ontogeny. The goal of my thesis was to study embryonic hematopoiesis in the ES cell model to characterize the ontogenetic changes and better understand the pathophysiology of certain malignancies that occur on fetal progenitors. The first part of my thesis was devoted to studying the development of erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage. This work has identified the bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor (MEP) during thé embryonic primitive human hematopoiesis. We also showed that the MEP is upstream of monopotent progenitors committed exclusively to erythroid and megakaryocytic and produce mature nucleated erythrocytes and ,respectively. Platelets. The study of the specific regulation of embryonic development of MEPs help to establish the molecular mechanisms of commitment to a specific lineage differentiation during erythroblastic and megakaryocytic primitive. These results suggest that the primitive yolk sac hematopoiesis in humans is associated with the simultaneous emergence of erythroblastic and megakaryocytic fines. The second part of my thesis was devoted to the study of the ontogeny of human embyonic monopoesis. This work has enabled us to show that the process of macrophage differentiation from human ES cells reproduces the main stages of monopoiesis observed in adult bone marrow. Monocytic cells derived from human ES cells (huESC) express a combination of cell-surface markers that overlap with adult blood resident monocytes and showed an anti- inflammatory state that was confirmed at the level of secreted proteins. This polarization appeared to be related to ontogeny as fetal liver CD34+ cells- derived monocytic cells demonstrated a very similar phenotype. Both embryonic and fetal monocytic cells showed an enhanced expression of genes encoding tissue degrading enzymes, anti-inflammatory chemokines and scavenger receptors. They secreted high amounts of proteins acting on tissue remodeling and angiogenesis in comparison to blood adult monocytes and they promoted the development of large blood vessels in xeno-transplanted human tumors. These ontogenic functional properties correlated with a specific pathway of differentiation. These findings suggest that the differentiation of monocytic cells during human development may produce a majority of cells endowed mainly with antiinflammatory and trophic fonctions, supporting human fetus development
Barral, Jérémie. "L' amplificateur ciliaire des cellules ciliées de l'oreille interne." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077015.
Full textThe vertebrate ear benefits from nonlinear mechanical amplification to operate over a vast range of sound intensities. The amplificatory process is thought to emerge from active force production by sensory hair cells. The mechano-sensory hair bundle that protrudes from the apical surface of each hair cell can oscillate spontaneously and function as a frequency-selective, nonlinear amplifier. By analyzing the dynamics of a bullfrog's saccule hair bundle immersed in various viscous milieus, we evaluated the effect of hydrodynamic friction. We observed that intrinsic fluctuations, owing to the small number of molécules inside the hair bundle, create the dominant source of friction. By combining dynamic force clamp of a hair bundle with real-time stochastic simulations of hair-bundle mechanics, we could mimic a virtual environment in which a real hair-bundle is elastically coupled to two neighbours. This strategy is supposed to emulate the mechanical coupling that is observed in vivo. We found that coupling increased the phase coherence of spontaneous hair-bundle oscillations by effectively reducing noise. We argue that the auditory amplifier relies on hair-bundle cooperation to overcome intrinsic noise limitations and achieve high sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. Nonlinear amplification is the price to pay for high sensitivity. Two-tone stimulation of a single hair bundle generates distortion products and manifests masking phenomena, reminiscent of psychoacoustics studies. We thus argue that hearing relies on the generic behavior of active nonlinear oscillators that shapes the sensation of sounds at the periphery of the auditory System
Grandordy, Béatrice. "Messagers intra-cellulaires du muscle lisse de voies aeriennes et des cellules inflammatoires pulmonaires." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05S005.
Full textDrissi, Moulay Hicham. "Etude de l'expression et de la regulation du gene calci dans les cellules osteoblastiques humaines ; caracterisation d'un recepteur du cgrp." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S014.
Full textTinevez, Jean-Yves. "Mouvements actifs, régulés par le calcium, de la touffe ciliaire des cellules ciliées mécano-sensorielles de l'oreille interne." Paris 7, 2006. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01239897.
Full textThe dynamical behaviour of a hair bundle - the mechanosensitive organelle of the hair cells found in the inner ear- is rich. A hair bundle can oscillate spontaneously, "twitch" or simply relax in response to a force step. Using iontophoresis to affect the Ca²+ concentration near a hair bundle from the bullfrog's sacculus and displacement-clamp measurements of the bundle's force-displacement relations, we were able to reconcile these contrasting manifestations of active hair-bundle motility. We used Ca²+ and offsets of the bundle's mean position to control the fraction of open transduction channels at steady state and thus the bundle's operating point. In the case of non oscillatory hair bundles, we found that the polarity and kinetics of active hair-bundle movement evoked by a step stimulus depended on the bundle's operating point in the nonlinear force-displacement relation. When the force-displacement relation displayed a region of negative stiffness, spontaneous hair-bundle oscillations arose when the hair bundle was required to operate within this unstable region. Only two ingredients are necessary to account for the various incarnations of active hair-bundle motility: non linear gating compliance of the transduction apparatus and the Ca²+-regulated activity of the myosin-based adaptation motor. Numerical simulations successfully reproduced a wide range of observations from different experimental situations and animal species, thereby suggesting thatonly one force-generating mechanism is needed to describe the seemingly opposite movements that the hair-bundle can produce
Lavenu, Marie-Cécile. "Les cellules geantes en pathologie osseuse : tumeurs a cellules geantes et autres processus pathologiques. etude histologique et ultrastructurale in vivo et in vitro." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S016.
Full textColisson, Renaud. "Caractérisation des fonctions des cellules dentritiques murines déficientes pour l'Asparaginyl Endopeptidase." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T014.
Full textThis is a study on dendritic cells. They are looking all over the body for pathogens that they can recognize thanks to a large number of receptors, on their membrane on cytoplasm. Those receptors, among which are the Toll-like receptors, are able to bind pathogens markers (PAMPs). In case of encounter, DCs can take up the pathogen and to initiate a specific immune response. In this purpose, DCs will internalize the pathogens in intracellular vesicles, called endosomes or phagosomes, to cut it into fragments and to present some of those fragments bound to MHC II on the cell surface. In this mechanism, proteases are localized in the same compartments where the degradation of the pathogens occurs. In order to study the role of one of those proteases, Asparaginyl Endopeptidase, we generate a mouse deleted for the AEP gene. Studying this mouse gave us the opportunity to observe that AEP has a role in the degradation of different antigens : it can degrade TTcf and favors its presentation by DCs; AEP control also the maturation of other proteases, as Cathepsin L, leading to an increase of the activity. Increased CatL leads to the destruction of MOG, and the lack of presentation of this antigen. In an other hand, AEP KO DCs are not able to secrete cytokines when stimulated by CpG, a TLR9 ligand but they respond normally to a TLR4 ligand, a membrane TLR. We show that endosomal TLRs need an intracellular processing to be fully activated by their ligands. This study shows clearly that endosomal proteases are crucial for establishing a normal specific immune response, by controlling the antigen presentation on MHC II by two different ways : controlling their degradation and subsequent presentation and by regulating the activity of TLRs, whose adjuvant role is known for years
Ogier-Denis, Eric. "La n-glycosylation : marqueur precoce de la differenciation enterocytaire des cellules ht-29." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05S002.
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