Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sphéroïdes de cellules – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sphéroïdes de cellules – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Castillon, Nicolas. "Culture tridimensionnelle de cellules épithéliales respiratoires humaines : applications à la thérapie génique et cellulaire." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMM207.
Full text@We have shown that human airway epithelial cells cultured as 3-D spheroid could mimic for a long term an airway surface epithelium structure and functionality. We analyzed the potential capacity of these 3-D structures to regenerate an airway epithelium and to be transduced using a pseudotyped lentiviral vector encoding GFP. Our results demonstrate that the spheroids can regenerate a well-differentiated human airway epithelium and can be efficiently transduced by a pseudotyped lentiviral vector with a sustained and long-term expression of the GFP, without any alteration of the spheroid structure and functionality (ciliary beating frequency and CFTR Cl- channel activity). The spheroids could be proposed as a potential tool for gene and cell therapy in order to repopulate a denuded airway epithelium in cystic fibrosis
Hollender, Patrick. "Capacités migratoires et activité métalloprotéase de cellules impliquées dans le développement tumoral métastasiant et la réponse immune : cas des cellules leucémiques et des cellules dendritiques dérivées de monocytes." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMP207.
Full textKlimchenko, Oléna. "Différenciation hématopoïétique des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077056.
Full textHematopoiesis in vertebrates includes two waves: one transitional extraembryonic called primitive and the second intra-embryonic origin called definitive. This sequence in mammals has been well studied in mice and much more difficult in humans for ethical reasons. The development of cell lines of human embryonic stem) offers a unique cellular model to study the different events mat occur during ontogeny. The goal of my thesis was to study embryonic hematopoiesis in the ES cell model to characterize the ontogenetic changes and better understand the pathophysiology of certain malignancies that occur on fetal progenitors. The first part of my thesis was devoted to studying the development of erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage. This work has identified the bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor (MEP) during thé embryonic primitive human hematopoiesis. We also showed that the MEP is upstream of monopotent progenitors committed exclusively to erythroid and megakaryocytic and produce mature nucleated erythrocytes and ,respectively. Platelets. The study of the specific regulation of embryonic development of MEPs help to establish the molecular mechanisms of commitment to a specific lineage differentiation during erythroblastic and megakaryocytic primitive. These results suggest that the primitive yolk sac hematopoiesis in humans is associated with the simultaneous emergence of erythroblastic and megakaryocytic fines. The second part of my thesis was devoted to the study of the ontogeny of human embyonic monopoesis. This work has enabled us to show that the process of macrophage differentiation from human ES cells reproduces the main stages of monopoiesis observed in adult bone marrow. Monocytic cells derived from human ES cells (huESC) express a combination of cell-surface markers that overlap with adult blood resident monocytes and showed an anti- inflammatory state that was confirmed at the level of secreted proteins. This polarization appeared to be related to ontogeny as fetal liver CD34+ cells- derived monocytic cells demonstrated a very similar phenotype. Both embryonic and fetal monocytic cells showed an enhanced expression of genes encoding tissue degrading enzymes, anti-inflammatory chemokines and scavenger receptors. They secreted high amounts of proteins acting on tissue remodeling and angiogenesis in comparison to blood adult monocytes and they promoted the development of large blood vessels in xeno-transplanted human tumors. These ontogenic functional properties correlated with a specific pathway of differentiation. These findings suggest that the differentiation of monocytic cells during human development may produce a majority of cells endowed mainly with antiinflammatory and trophic fonctions, supporting human fetus development
Barral, Jérémie. "L' amplificateur ciliaire des cellules ciliées de l'oreille interne." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077015.
Full textThe vertebrate ear benefits from nonlinear mechanical amplification to operate over a vast range of sound intensities. The amplificatory process is thought to emerge from active force production by sensory hair cells. The mechano-sensory hair bundle that protrudes from the apical surface of each hair cell can oscillate spontaneously and function as a frequency-selective, nonlinear amplifier. By analyzing the dynamics of a bullfrog's saccule hair bundle immersed in various viscous milieus, we evaluated the effect of hydrodynamic friction. We observed that intrinsic fluctuations, owing to the small number of molécules inside the hair bundle, create the dominant source of friction. By combining dynamic force clamp of a hair bundle with real-time stochastic simulations of hair-bundle mechanics, we could mimic a virtual environment in which a real hair-bundle is elastically coupled to two neighbours. This strategy is supposed to emulate the mechanical coupling that is observed in vivo. We found that coupling increased the phase coherence of spontaneous hair-bundle oscillations by effectively reducing noise. We argue that the auditory amplifier relies on hair-bundle cooperation to overcome intrinsic noise limitations and achieve high sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. Nonlinear amplification is the price to pay for high sensitivity. Two-tone stimulation of a single hair bundle generates distortion products and manifests masking phenomena, reminiscent of psychoacoustics studies. We thus argue that hearing relies on the generic behavior of active nonlinear oscillators that shapes the sensation of sounds at the periphery of the auditory System
Grandordy, Béatrice. "Messagers intra-cellulaires du muscle lisse de voies aeriennes et des cellules inflammatoires pulmonaires." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05S005.
Full textDrissi, Moulay Hicham. "Etude de l'expression et de la regulation du gene calci dans les cellules osteoblastiques humaines ; caracterisation d'un recepteur du cgrp." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S014.
Full textTinevez, Jean-Yves. "Mouvements actifs, régulés par le calcium, de la touffe ciliaire des cellules ciliées mécano-sensorielles de l'oreille interne." Paris 7, 2006. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01239897.
Full textThe dynamical behaviour of a hair bundle - the mechanosensitive organelle of the hair cells found in the inner ear- is rich. A hair bundle can oscillate spontaneously, "twitch" or simply relax in response to a force step. Using iontophoresis to affect the Ca²+ concentration near a hair bundle from the bullfrog's sacculus and displacement-clamp measurements of the bundle's force-displacement relations, we were able to reconcile these contrasting manifestations of active hair-bundle motility. We used Ca²+ and offsets of the bundle's mean position to control the fraction of open transduction channels at steady state and thus the bundle's operating point. In the case of non oscillatory hair bundles, we found that the polarity and kinetics of active hair-bundle movement evoked by a step stimulus depended on the bundle's operating point in the nonlinear force-displacement relation. When the force-displacement relation displayed a region of negative stiffness, spontaneous hair-bundle oscillations arose when the hair bundle was required to operate within this unstable region. Only two ingredients are necessary to account for the various incarnations of active hair-bundle motility: non linear gating compliance of the transduction apparatus and the Ca²+-regulated activity of the myosin-based adaptation motor. Numerical simulations successfully reproduced a wide range of observations from different experimental situations and animal species, thereby suggesting thatonly one force-generating mechanism is needed to describe the seemingly opposite movements that the hair-bundle can produce
Lavenu, Marie-Cécile. "Les cellules geantes en pathologie osseuse : tumeurs a cellules geantes et autres processus pathologiques. etude histologique et ultrastructurale in vivo et in vitro." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S016.
Full textColisson, Renaud. "Caractérisation des fonctions des cellules dentritiques murines déficientes pour l'Asparaginyl Endopeptidase." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T014.
Full textThis is a study on dendritic cells. They are looking all over the body for pathogens that they can recognize thanks to a large number of receptors, on their membrane on cytoplasm. Those receptors, among which are the Toll-like receptors, are able to bind pathogens markers (PAMPs). In case of encounter, DCs can take up the pathogen and to initiate a specific immune response. In this purpose, DCs will internalize the pathogens in intracellular vesicles, called endosomes or phagosomes, to cut it into fragments and to present some of those fragments bound to MHC II on the cell surface. In this mechanism, proteases are localized in the same compartments where the degradation of the pathogens occurs. In order to study the role of one of those proteases, Asparaginyl Endopeptidase, we generate a mouse deleted for the AEP gene. Studying this mouse gave us the opportunity to observe that AEP has a role in the degradation of different antigens : it can degrade TTcf and favors its presentation by DCs; AEP control also the maturation of other proteases, as Cathepsin L, leading to an increase of the activity. Increased CatL leads to the destruction of MOG, and the lack of presentation of this antigen. In an other hand, AEP KO DCs are not able to secrete cytokines when stimulated by CpG, a TLR9 ligand but they respond normally to a TLR4 ligand, a membrane TLR. We show that endosomal TLRs need an intracellular processing to be fully activated by their ligands. This study shows clearly that endosomal proteases are crucial for establishing a normal specific immune response, by controlling the antigen presentation on MHC II by two different ways : controlling their degradation and subsequent presentation and by regulating the activity of TLRs, whose adjuvant role is known for years
Ogier-Denis, Eric. "La n-glycosylation : marqueur precoce de la differenciation enterocytaire des cellules ht-29." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05S002.
Full textRapetti, Vachieri Laëtitia. "Les mécanismes de différenciation des lymphocytes T CD8 en cellules mémoires." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T004.
Full textIn this study, we showed the multiplicity of CD4 T cell help on the different aspects of CDS responses: proliferation, survival, effectors functions and memory cell differentiation. This help involves CD40 signalization and others signals. CD40 expression on APC and on CD8 T cells play a direct and complementary role: CD40 expression on APC is important for CD8 T cell expansion; CD40 expression on CD8 T cells is crucial for their differentiation into memory cell. During secondary response, CD40 deficiency on CD8 T cells alters their expansion, their capacity of control of antigen load, their effectors functions, their sensibility toward activating/surviving cytokines and increases their sensibility toward inhibitory cytokines. CD40 expression on CD8 T cells is also strictly involved into the establishment of the memory cell differentiation program
Addadi-Rebbah, Salima. "Activité antiinvasive des anthracyclines antitumorales : effets de l'aclacinomycine sur les propriétés migratoires et invasives des cellules de fibrosarcome humain HT-1080." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMP207.
Full text@Aclacinomycin (Aclarubicinâ) is a trisaccharide anthracycline anticancer drug active against a wide variety of solid tumors and haematological malignancies. We have evaluated its antimigrative and antiinvasive properties in a Boyden chamber with or without Matrigel and in wound repair assays. Aclacinomycin was demonstrated to inhibit HT-1080 cell migration and invasion while being more potent than the classical anthracycline doxorubicin. This decrease occurred in a dose-dependent manner and without affecting cell proliferation. Importantly, the antiinvasive effect was not associated to a modification in the production of the matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-2 and MMP-9 but rather to changes in cytoskeletal and focal contact formation. Indeed, the drug reduces cell polarity, impairs the actin-mediated membrane ruffling at the leading edge and decreases b1 integrin expression and activation. Dramatic alterations in the distribution of vinculin and in the expression and phosphorylation state of both FAK and Src kinases were also detected. As a conclusion, these data suggest a novel application for this chemotherapeutic agent due to its ability to reduce tumor cell invasion. Combination of aclacinomycin with MMP inhibitors could have therapeutic potential in preventing tumor metastasis
Hammoumi, Saliha. "Etude des facteurs susceptibles de favoriser ou de limiter l'infecton des cellules humaines par le virus de l'encéphalomyocardite." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077210.
Full textIn order to evaluate the transmission risk of EMCV, from animal, mainly pig, to human, especially during xenotransplantations, we were interested in factors likely to support or limit this transmission by studying the interaction of EMCV with human cells. Tools allowing the detection of the virus multiplication at the various stages of the infection were developed. In particular, for the follow-up of the proteins synthesis, a recombinant EMCV expressing EGFP was created. The recombinant virus was pathogenic for mouse like the parental virus. EGFP could be detected by autofluorescence in vitro in infected cells and in vivo on prints of mouse brains. The infectious power of various viral strains on human cell lines and primary cells, reflecting the tropism of the virus in animal, was analysed. The results indicated that the infection of the cells depends on the cellular type and the viral strain and that adsorption varies primarily according to the strains. By comparison of the sequences of capsid, amino acids playing a probable part in this adsorption were highlighted. The analysis of the cellular partners implied in the attachment made it possible to show that the adsorption of the strain 1086C is dependent on sialic acid and that lysine 231 of VP1 would play an important part in this connection. In addition, the adsorption of the B279/95 strain is independent of sialic acid but depends on heparanes sulfates. This suggests the probable use of co-receptors carrying heparane sulfates or sialic acids
Félin, Murielle. "Interactions glycoproteine-lectine dans le noyau des cellules de la lignee myeloblastique leucemique humaine hl60." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S012.
Full textGasparian, Sona. "Régulation de l'expression du gène T-bet pendant la différenciation des cellules th1 chez l'homme." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077213.
Full textFunctional distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells are essential to orchestrate efficient immune responses against different types of pathogens. T helper type 1 (Thl) cells promote cell-mediated immunity and are necessary to clear the organism from intracellular pathogens but are associated with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. This indicates that the development of Thl cells must be tightly controlled. The transcription factor T-bet is specifically expressed by Thl cells and plays an important role in the differentiation of this subset. T-bet is implicated in chromatin remodeling and control of Thl-specific expression of the IFN-f gene. The goal of this project is to identify the mechanisms that regulate T-bet expression during human Thl cell development. The analysis of changes of the chromatin structure at the T-bet locus in Thl cells allowed us to identify four DNAsel hypersensitive sites (HS). We found that the position of the HS identified in our experiments corresponds to the position of the CNS identified « in silico ». In addition, we found that chromatin associated with HS is hyperacetylated on histone H3 in Thl cells. Taken together, these data indicate that these four regions are implicated in the regulation of the human T-bet gene. We found that triggering of the T cell receptor (TCR) alone is sufficient to induce strong expression of T-bet. We demonstrated that NF-AT family members are implicated in this process
Auvray, Céline. "Fonction des homéoprotéines HOXC4 et HOXB4 dans l'expansion des cellules souches hématopoïétiques humaines et étude de leurs cibles moléculaires." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077101.
Full textIn the aim to improve amplification of immature cells without modifying their capacity of multi-lineage differentiation, the laboratory developed, initially, an original method to expand human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in co-culture with mouse stromal cells line that constitutively produce the human HOXB4 homeoprotein. In order to improve this expansion, I analyzed the effect of HOXC4, a paralog of HOXB4 on thé same expansion model. In this study, we have shown that our approach consisting in transferring HOXC4 proteins into HSCs allows the expansion, in the same range than HOXB4, of all hematopoietic populations : mainly mature (CFC) and immature (LTC-IC) progenitors and cells able to reconstitute in vivo hematopoiesis on immunodeficient mice (SRC). The molecular mechanisms and the target genes in particular by which HOXB4 or HOXC4 act, are not clearly established. In that aim, comparative transcriptomic analysis of CD34+ cells exposed or not to HOXB4 or HOXC4 was performed. The results, first, highlight similar molecular mechanisms for both homeoproteins. These proteins induce the same trancriptomic profile and modify a set of genes involved in major cellular function such as protein synthesis, ARN processing, cell cycle and DNA replication. Second, we also identified genes previously described in stem cell expansion or maintenance in several tissues and species. Among them, we started to study WDR50 in human hematopoietic cells whose ortholog in Drosophila maintains germinal stem cells in the stem fate. In human, functional studies in leukemia cells, in HSCs and during the differentiation of CD34+cells are in progress
Grange-Messent, Valérie. "Interactions astrocytes-cellules endotheliales dans la mise en place et la pathologie de la barriere hemato-encephalique. Etude ultrastructurale." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S013.
Full textMartin-Latil, Sandra. "Interaction des rotavirus avec les cellules intestinales : conséquences fonctionnelles." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114834.
Full textRotaviruses are the leading cause of infantile viral gastroenteritis worldwide. In the first part, we studied the mechanisms of rotavirus entry. We propose that, after infectious rotavirus enters into endosomal vesicles, the progressive decrease of endosomal [Ca2+] favors progressive virion decapsidation and subsequent permeabilization of endosomal membrane. This three-step process would be reiterated until the transcriptionnally active DLP is delivered into the cytoplasm. In the second part, we studied the pathophysiologic mechanisms accounting for osmotic diarrhoea. We show that a cAMP-dependent PKA mechanism impairs sucrase-isomaltase targeting and cytokeratins organisation in Caco-2 cells infected by rotavirus. We also show that rotavirus induces a decrease in activity of brush border-associated lactase and cotransporter SGLT1 in Caco-2 cells. Their alteration, which is not due to a decrease in apical expression, could involve the binding of viral proteins or viral particle
Gautier, Thierry. "Analyses biochimique et moleculaire de la peripherie des chromosomes dans les cellules de mammiferes : une etude au moyen d'autoanticorps humains pendant le cycle cellulaire." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05S009.
Full textHoeffel, Guillaume. "Présentation d'antigènes du VIH aux lymphocytes T par les cellules dendritiques humaines : présentation croisée, optimisation vaccinale." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077211.
Full textDendritic cells (DC) are the only antigen presenting cells able to stimulate naive T lymphocytes. Upon HIV infection, they are crucial to initiate adaptive immune responses that control viral replication. We have shown the transfer of HIV antigens to DC from live infected CD4 T cells. These antigens were presented as efficiently as those from apoptotic infected CD4 T cells and much more effïciently than those from free HIV particles. We also showed the antigenic potential of HTV gag mRNA transfected DC. These results may be important in developing new therapies against provirus from resting cells that represent an important viral reservoir difficult to eradicate. To improve preventive vaccination, we compared the vaccinal vectors MV (measles), MVA, Ad5 and BCG, all encoding the HlV-1lai gag gene. We showed that the viral vectors induced an incomplete DC maturation, whereas BCG induces complete maturation but high levels of IL 10. We were able to restore these missing properties by using specific TLR agonists. Finally, we demonstrated that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) can cross-present a vaccinal lipopeptide and HIV antigens from infected, apoptotic CD4 T cells. Cross-presentation by pDC might lead to tolerance in vivo in the absence of an appropriate stimulation. We show here that stimulation with Influenza virus enhances effector responses induced by cross presentation by pDC. These results will hopefully be useful in designing new vaccination strategies against HIV
Rodríguez, Pedro. "Controle de la permeabilite des jonctions serrees (tight) dans divers types d'epitheliums." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S022.
Full textKegelaer, Grégory. "Identification et caractérisation du phénotype MDR de cellules cancéreuses par techniques de spectroscopie vibrationnelle infrarouge et Raman et analyse statistique." Reims, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REIMP203.
Full textMoreau, Marie. "La ß-caténine et le NF-Kß coopèrent pour réguler le système uPA/uPAR dans des cellules tumorale." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077113.
Full textThe Wnt/ß-catenin signaling influences many cellular processes including cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) have been reported as target genes of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells, since their expression is directly regulated through ß-catenin, binding to the T-cell factor binding element (TBE) motifs present in their promoters. Using three cancer cell models (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SW480, breast and colon cancer cell lines, respectively) we demonstrated that silencing of ß-catenin increased uPA, uPAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and the invasive potential of cancer cells. In addition, p-catenin stabilization and accumulation by lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) or by ß-catenin/Tcf-4 expression vectors transfection led to a decrease in uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 mRNA expression in the studied cancer models. Moreover, the treatment of P-catenin siRNA transfected cells with a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-KB) translocation, SN50, significantly reduced enhancement of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 expression and cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, ß-catenin siRNA treated cells exhibited NF-KB nuclear translocation. In this study we present evidence of a novel cross-talk between ß-catenin and uPA/uPAR System through NF-KB cooperation in breast and colon cancer cells. Our results strengthen the emerging view that ß-catenin exerts different effects on tumor cells and that the therapeutic strategy of its inhibition could involve more complex mechanisms than originally anticipated
Rialland, Pascale. "Mécanismes moléculaires de régulation de la durée de vie des cellules dentritiques spléniques murines." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T010.
Full textRegulation of dendritic cell (DC) lifespan contributes to the maintenance of tolerance and to the regulation of immune responses amplitude. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this control are not fully elucidated. Bid-/- cells are resistant to apoptosis induced by different cytotoxic pathways. I show that antigen cross-presentation to T lymphocytes is improved in Bid-/- mice in absence of inflammatory signals. We postulated that this increased cross- presentation could be due to a defect of immature DC elimination by T lymphocytes, hypothesis we couldn't confirm. We also show that poly(LC) injection induces splenic conventional DC apoptosis in vivo. Apoptosis relies partially on recognition of poly(I:C) by the cytosolic receptor MDA-5. CD8α+ DCs respond to poly(I:C) by producing type I interferons, that control their lifespan. Our results highlight a new pro-apoptotic pathway in DCs induced by poly(I:C) and identify a new feedback regulatory role for the type I IFN response
Bondza, Kibangou Patrick. "L'autofluorescence issue de cellules tumorales : intérêt diagnostique et relation avec le stress oxydant induit par des agents antitumoraux." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMP210.
Full text@In this work, the autofluorescence of human cancer cells was analyzed and the consequences of oxidative stress were evaluated on this cellular feature. Our results showed that under a 363 nm excitation, the autofluorescence emission was not restricted to mitochondrial compartments and that an oxidative stress induced a decrease in autofluorescence emission intensity, which was attributed to the oxidation of the reduced form NAD(P)H,H+ to NAD(P)+. In human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) and its analog EB1089 induced a myelomonocytic differentiation, an oxidative stress and a significant decrease in autofluorescence intensity. However, these two main activities do not seem to be triggered via the same pathway by VD3 or EB1089. Finally, a clinical approach of the autofluorescence showed that malpighian epithelial cells from cervical dysplasia exhibit spectral modifications when compared with cell populations from normal cervix
Pene, Frédéric. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des cellules dentritiques au cours de l'immunodépression induite par le sepsis." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T002.
Full textSepsis is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response followed by a complex immunosuppressive state that can favor the emergence of nosocomial infections. Mechanisms that regulate post-infective immunosuppression are largely unknown but may involve dendritic cells (DC) that link innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are critical determinants of the magnitude of the inflammatory response and are involved in the maturation process of DCs, but their contribution to the development of sepsis-induced immune dysfunction are poorly understood. The aim of this research project was to investigate the role of DCs and TLR-dependent signalling pathways in the regulation of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. For this purpose, we established a "double-hit" murine model through a sublethal polymicrobial sepsis followed by late-onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. In this model, we assessed the role of DCs in the modulation of lung defence towards a secondary infectious insult in post-septic mice. Using knockout mice TLR2-/- , TLR4-/-, TLR2x4-/- et MyD88-/-, we analyzed the relative contribution of TLRs to sepsis-induced defects of DCs and to the host response towards secondary pulmonary infection. In a translational approach, we assessed DC blood counts in septic shock patients and their relations with the development of nosocomial infections. Our results provide new insights in the pathophysiology of post-infective immunosuppression and suggest potential therapeutic applications
Luissint, Anny-Claude. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de JAM-L (Junctional Adhesion Molecule - Like), une nouvelle molécule d'adhérence leucocytaire." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T040.
Full textLeukocyte migration from blood to tissues plays a central role in inflammatory and immune responses. This migration occurs in a multistep process that involves interactions between circulating leukocytes and the vascular wall. We show that JAM-L, a novel protein related to members of the JAM family, mediates leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by interacting with CAR (coxsackie and adenovirus receptor) and its function is regulated in cis by VLA-4 integrin activation. On resting monocytes and T lymphocytes, which, unlike neutrophils, express the integrin VLA-4, JAM-L constitutively associates with VLA-4. This interaction prevents the cis dimerization of JAM-L, which is required for the functional recognition of CAR. Integrin activation is necessary to dissociate JAM-L — VLA-4 complexes and to promote the formation of JAM-L dimers. We provide a new mechanism through which VLA-4 and JAM-L functions are coordinately regulated to promote adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells
Houdiard, Soizic. "Rôle des ERKs dans la régulation de l'hématopoièse murine : étude de l'isoforme ERK1." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077089.
Full textHematopoiesis is a highly regulated process, initiated by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which implies a dynamic regulation of the functions of HSC and its descent. The ERKs kinases are keys regulators of proliferation and differentiation of different cells types. Their role could be important in hematopoiesis and have not been studied in vivo yet. We have examined the role of ERK1 in adult hematopoiesis in ERK1 ̄/ ̄ mice. Loss of ERK1 resulted in an enhanced splenic erythropoiesis, characterized by an accumulation of erythroid progenitors and an enhanced number of immature erythroblasts in the spleen. Splenic stress erythropoiesis response has been shown to require BMP4-dependent signalling in vivo and to rely on the expansion of stress BFU-Es. A great expansion of stress BFU-Es and an increased level of BMP4 mRNA were found in ERK1 ̄/ ̄ spleens, suggesting that ERK1 controls a BMP4-dependent step, regulating thé steady state of splenic erythropoiesis. Study of medullar hematopoiesis had also show an enhanced numbers of HSCs and a defect in granulo-macrophagic differentiation in ERK1 ̄/ ̄ mice. X-Rays analysis of wild-type and ERK1 ̄/ ̄ mice allowed us to observe an enhanced bone density in ERK1 KO mice. So, loss of ERK1 induces osteopetrosis. Mechanisms involved will be caracterised by HSCs transplantation experiments, analysis of monocyte and megacaryocyte differentiation and by study of osteogenesis
Yatouji, Sonia. "Structure de la chromatine et régulation transcriptionnelle du géne mdr 1 dans des cellules tumorales humaines à la chimiothérapie." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMP203.
Full textPoitrasson-Rivière, Maud. "Cellules T DC4+ FOXP3+ régulatrices et tolérance des lymphocytes T CD8+ à la périphérie." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T008.
Full textThe first part of this work showed, in an original mice model, that regulatory CD4+ T cells play an important role in preventing peripheral CD8+ T cell-mediated autoimmunity. We suggest that regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells induce the generation at the periphery of regulatory CD8+ T cells that can then regulate conventional CD8+ T cells activity. The second part of this work suggests strongly that self-recognition events are required to control autoreactive, potentially pathogenic, conventional T cells. Autoreactivity would thus be necessary for its own control
Isaac, Juliane. "Etude in vitro du potentiel ostéostimulateur de biomatérieux bioactifs : influence d'un bioverre dopé en strontium et d'un titane à surface biométrique sur le comportement de cellules ostéoprogénitrices." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T026.
Full textA challenge in odontology is the repair of alveolar bone defects. Some alloplastic bone substitutes - bioactive materials - have been developed as an alternative to bone augmentation procedures. These substitutes are surface-reactive materials that create a favourable template for osteoblast differentiation and have the ability to bond to the surrounding bone. The aim of this work is to investigate the osteostimulator potential of two bioactive materials: a strontium-doped bioactive glass and titanium with a biomimetic surface. Two culture models were used: a primary calvarial cell culture, and a calvarial bone explant model. Our results showed that the two materials were not cytotoxic and stimulated osteoblastic differentiation of bone cells, with an up-regulation of expression of several bone markers such as transcription factors and bone matrix proteins. In conclusion, these materials may have a great potential for oral applications
Chasseigneaux, Stéphanie. "Analyse moléculaire des interactions hôte-prions en systèmes cellulaires." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N20S.
Full textCGH array analysis of uninfected N2a sublines, susceptible or resistant to 22L prion strain, revealed chromosomal imbalances but did not demonstrate any characteristic profile of genomic alterations linked to phenotype. Likewise, sublines phenotype did not depend on the expression of Prnp nor PrPC. Analysis expression of a set of 29 genes revealed distinct transcriptional profiles in the N2a sublines. Transcriptional analysis of N2a5822L cells using microarrays demonstrated differential expression of genes implicated in transcription efficiency and cytoplasmic dynamics. Expression levels of a set of 38 genes in N2a5822L, in three susceptible sublines and in a resistant subline revealed diversity in transcriptional response to prion infection. Finally, study of PrPSc in a CJD patient harbouring the p. V180I mutation revealed the absence of the diglycosylated isoform supporting the evidence of the conversion of mono- and un-glycosylated mutated forms into the pathogenic mutant PrPSc180I
Guerri, Lucia. "Identification des cellules présentatrices d'antigène qui sélectionnent/induisent les cellules MAIT et T régulatrices dans le thymus." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T045.
Full textSince 1961, when Jacques Miller almost accidentally discovered the function of the thymus, the development of mainstream T cells has been widely studied. A number of smaller populations of T cells, such as mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are currently gaining attention in the field. While little is known of MAIT cell development, Treg cell development is somewhat controversial. The purpose of this thesis has been to determine which types of cell are responsible for the intrathymic selection/induction of these two relatively recently discovered αβT cells that are of interest to our laboratory, i. E. MAIT and Treg cells. To do this we used several in vitro thymic organ culture systems, some of them allowing the manipulation of the cell types present in the thymus during development. We showed that MAIT cell development is intrathymic and independent of peripheral antigens or B cells (although they are both needed for a further phase of peripheral expansion). Further, in order to identify the cell that selects MAIT cells in the thymus, we set up the reaggregate thymic organ culture (RTOC) technique. By the time of writing this thesis, the technical aspects of MAIT RTOCs were established. This means that the first key aspects of MAIT cell intrathymic selection should be revealed in the near future. In a parallel study, we set out to determine the relative contribution of medullary thymic epithelial (mTEC) cells and the three types of thymic dendritic cell (TDC) subpopulations to Treg induction and to unify the conflicting results published on the subject by others. We showed that the four populations were all capable of inducing SP4 into Tregs when loaded with the cognate antigen. However, they did it with very different “intensities”, suggesting that the relative contribution to Treg induction in a normal thymus is different for each of these APC populations. We found that Sirpα- conventional DCs that develop intrathymically (here called cDCthy) were the strongest Treg inducer, followed by Sirpα+ recirculatory cDCs (here called cDCrec). PDC and mTECs were weak Treg inducers in our system. Further, we showed that this difference was not explained by the level of MHC expression on each APC, suggesting that some other still unknown quantitative or qualitative difference between cDCthy and the other thymic APCs must be responsible. Understanding what makes cDCthy more suited for Treg induction will also help identifying what needs to be triggered on a thymocyte for Treg-lineage commitment in the thymus
Berger, Cédric. "Relation entre les Escherichia coli exprimant les adhésines Afa/Dr et les cellules de l'hôte : rôle des rafts lipidiques et des molécules d'adhésion cellulaire reliées à l'antigène carcino-embryonnaire (CEACAM) dans la pathogenèse de l'infection." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114818.
Full textDiffusely adhering E. Coli (DAEC) are involved in urinary tarct infections and diarrhoeas. The only virulence factor identified is a family of adhesines, Afa/Dr, binding Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF) and Carcicoembryonic Antigen (CEA) which belongs to the CEACAM family. Our objective was to study the interactions between CEACAMs and the Afa/Dr DAEC. We observed that CEACAM1 and CEACAM6 are receptors for the Afa/Dr DAEC and are recruited around adhering bacteria as well as the GM1 and the caveoline, two lipid rafts markers. Adhesion to the DAF, CEA and CEACAM6 induces the formation of cellular prolongations around the bacteria and requires a reorganization of the actin network and the lipids rafts, as well as Rho GTPases and ERM proteins phophorylation. We also showed that the internalization of the bacteria was carried out by azipper like mechanism, indenpendently of actin. Moreover, CEA and the CEACAM6 seem to support entered of the bacteria into the cells
Val, Stéphanie. "Réponses de l'épithélium respiratoire à des particules atmosphériques de tailles et origines différentes : mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires mis en jeu." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077126.
Full textAtmospheric particle (PM) exposure induces airway inflammation and is suspected to exacerbate chronic obstructive respiratory diseases that exhibit mucus overproduction. The aim of this study was (1) to identify physico-chemical characteristics of PM implicated in biological effects using ultrafine (UF), fine (F) and coarse (C) fractions of five different aerosols (2 French and 3 African) and (2) to deepen the mechanisms of mucin induction by PM on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Whatever the aerosol, UF and F PM are the more reactive on a panel of biomarkers that are mostly sensitive to oxidative stress. These effects are associated to organic components of PM. Moreover, we demonstrated that PM. ₂,₅ induce expression and production of MUC5AC, a bronchial mucin, in in vitro conditions as well as in vivo in intratracheally instilled mice. MUC5AC induction results on EGF receptor activation by AREG, an EGFR ligand whose release is induced by PM demonstrating an autocrine effect. This work showed that finest fractions of PM have a high reactivity, which is in accordance with the new regulations limiting PM₂,₅ emissions. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time MUC5AC mechanisms of induction by PM, suggesting their implication in respiratory obstructive disease aggravation
Nazeyrollas, Pierre. "Effet cardio-protecteur de l'amifostine vis-à-vis de la cardio-toxicité induite par la doxorubicine chez le rat. Evaluation sur cultures cellulaires, coeur isolé et in vivo." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMM205.
Full textIn the first part of our study, we review the data regarding doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and amifostine(WR 2721). Amifostine is an aminothiol compound with free radical scavenging properties and has demonstrated a protective effect of normal tissue submitted to alkylating agents and radiations. We have demonstrated a cardioprotective efficacy of amifostine against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in culture of neonate-rats cardiomyocytes, isolated rat hearts with constant pressure perfusion, and rats in vivo. The cardioprotective effect should now be evaluated during longer lasting doxorubicin treatments and should be compared to dexrazoxane's. However, our results give hints to important therapeutic perspectives, since cardiotoxicity is the main factor limiting anthracyclin prescription
Coutanceau, Emmanuelle. "Fonctions immunomodulatrices de la mycolactone, principal facteur de virulence de Mycobacterium ulcerans." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077214.
Full textMycobacterium ulcerans (Mu) is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a skin disease destroying both cutaneous and sub-cutaneous tissues. The pathology is linked to bacterial production of mycolactone, a lipophilic toxin. During my PhD thesis, the immune responses developed by host during infection by Mu, and the mycolactone contribution to these processes were studied. Firstly, the humoral and cellular responses developed in a mouse model of infection by Mu were characterized. These studies revealed Hsp65 immunogenicity and we tested the efficiency of a DNA vaccine encoding this antigen. Phagocytic cells internalized Mu during the primary stages of infection. This was a surprising result because Mu bas always been described as strictly extracellular. In addition, macrophages infected by Mu had a different expression profile for cytokines and chemokines compared to cells infected with a mycolactone deficient mutant. These observations led us to suggest that endogenous production of mycolactone may modulate the host immune response. Then, mycolactone impact on immune cells was characterized. Mycolactone blocked TNF-α production by macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, its immunosuppressive effect was also observed in dendritic cells, in which it causes cytotoxic effects, inhibition of maturation and inhibition of lymphocyte priming. In vivo, our preliminary pharmacological study shows that mycolactone is transported to lymphoid organs, where it acts by blocking lymphocyte proliferation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that mycolactone is a novel immunosuppressive molecule, with a mode of action distinct from other well-known immunosuppressors such asFK506
Ngo, Charlotte. "Rôle des formes réactives de l'oxygène dans la prolifération des cellules endométriosiques in vitro et in vivo : applications thérapeutiques." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T010.
Full textOur aim in this study was to evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We showed that compared to normal endometrial cells from control patients, endometrial and endometriotic cells of patients with endometriosis have an increased proliferation rate, an increased oxidative stress, and a ROS metabolism similar to these observed in tumoral cells. Cellular proliferation was associated with the ERK pathway activation. Cellular proliferation was decreased, in vitro and in vivo in a murin model of endometriosis, by an antioxidant (N-acetylcystein), by protein kinase inhibitors (leflunomide, A771726, PD98059 and UP 126) and by 5-fluorouracil. These results allow clinical trials evaluating the use of ERK pathway inhibitors in the treatment off endometriosis
Labit, Hélène. "Régulation de l'initiation de la réplication chez les vertèbrés : analyse du programme temporel d'activation des origines de réplication dans les extraits d'oeufs de xénope." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077176.
Full textIn Vertebrates, replication origins are activated according to a spatial and temporal program. In early Xenopus embryos, origins are located at apparently random sequences and are activated in clusters that fire at different times throughout S phase. The main object of the present work is to characterize the temporal regulation of replication in Xenopus egg extracts through analysis of origin activation on single DNA fibers and replication foci distribution in sperm nuclei. Using molecular combing of DNA, we compared the distributions of replication origins fired at the beginning of two following S phases. Absence of significative coincidence between origins shows that the temporal order of replication does not depend on genomic position. Furthermore, no epigenetic central regulates the moment of origin firing. However the detection of coincidence between replication foci labeled at the beginning of two following S phases suggests that the chromosomal organization may influence the replication timing. Using FISH, we showed that the replication of the ribosomic DNA is delayed compared to the replication of whole genomic DNA. An altered chromatin structure may be responsible for this delay. Mapping of origins revealed that initiation frequency is two fold lower in the G+C rich intergenic spacer than in the coding rDNA sequence. At the rDNA, local parameters such as nucleotide composition may influence the localization of replication origins
Mamchaoui, Kamel. "Influence des conditions de culture sur les propriétés de transport des pneumocytes de rat." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD13.
Full textEssayagh, Sanah. "Interactions entre endothélium vasculaire et microparticules d'apoptose ou d'activation cellulaire : étude des conséquences fonctionnelles et des mécanismes impliqués." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077173.
Full textMicroparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles shed by ectocytosis from activated or apoptotic cells. Their involevement in trans-cellular communication is now established. During vasculopathies, especially thrombotic events, their number increases in the systemic circulation and their cellular origin depends on pathology. MPs are physiopathological mediators and may change the endothelial phenotype. We investigated the effects of MPs interaction on prothrombotic activity, Weibel-Palade bodies secretion, cell adhesion molecules expression and blood cell recruitment. We show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are second messengers for monocyte derived MP (M-MPs) effects. M-MPs induced ROS induce transient platelet recruitement at the endothelial surface and TF-dependant activity via the p38/MAPK pathway. MPs derived from apoptotic smooth muscle cells induce endothelial dysfunction by reducing NO bioavailibility. This effect also involve ROS generation and is dependant on the adhesion of microparticles to the endothelial cells mediated by beta-3 integrin. Besides, we compared endothelial effects of MPs derived from monocytes, platelets and smooth muscle cells on cell adhesion molecule expression and ROS generation
Dib, Hanadi. "Caractérisation des cibles antigéniques des anticorps anti-cellules endothéliales au cours des maladies vasculaires auto-immunes." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T022.
Full textThe endothelium is composed of a thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, thus forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells, named endothelial cells (EC), line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries. EC differ, depending on the vessel type where they are located. Anti-EC antibodies (AECA) were identified in a large panel of systemic auto-immune and/or inflammatory diseases, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-phospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) and systemic vasculitis. These antibodies are able to activate EC and induce apoptosis, particularly in SSc. In the first part of this work, we were interested in the identification of target antigens of AECA in vascular inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Using a 2-dimensional immunoblotting technique on total protein extracts of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) followed by mass spectrometry, we identified target antigens of AECA in normal human polyclonal IgG preparations, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). Interestingly, very few of these antigens had previously been reported as targets of normal human self-reactive IgG and or detected in IVIg preparations. In addition, we investigated the reactivity profiles of serum IgG of patients with SSc with or without PAH, with iPAH or with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and we were able to identify specific target antigens of AECA in each of these conditions. Thus, we identified phosphoglycerate mutase 1 and vimentin in patients with SSc, peroxyredoxins 1 and 2 in SSc patients with PAH, profilin-1 in patients with iPAH and lamin A/C and vinculin in patients with GCA. In the second part of this work, we studied the proteomes of different types of EC to determine if the EC type can influence the recognition of these cells by AECA. We used the “2 Dimensional-Differential In Gel Electrophoresis” (2D-DIGE) to compare proteomes of 4 different caucasian donors HUVEC, pulmonary human microvascular EC (HMVEC-P) and dermal human microvascular EC (HMVEC-D) and found important differences between HUVEC and microvascular EC. Seventeen and 114 proteins showed at least a 1. 5 fold change expression between HUVEC and HMVEC-P and between HUVEC and HMVEC-D, respectively. A number of these proteins were involved in the proliferation and survival of EC. “Ingenuity” analysis showed that 57% of the 114 proteins differentially expressed between HUVEC and HMVEC-D were involved in susceptibility to retinoic acid and/or transforming growth factor-beta, which suggests that these 2 types of EC respond in a different manner in the presence of each of these molecules. Then, using a one-dimensional immunoblotting technique on HUVEC and HMVEC-D protein extracts, we found that reactivity profiles of serum IgG of patients with SSc differ between HUVEC and HMVEC-D. Overall, we were able to identify new target antigens of AECA in patients with SSc, iPAH or GCA. Most of these target antigens are involved in cell cycle and survival. However, the pathogenic role of these AECA needs further investigations. In addition, we have observed important differences between proteomes of macrovascular and microvascular EC and provided evidence that these differences influence EC function and immune recognition
Fajac, Isabelle. "Transfert de gènes dans les cellules épithéliales des voies aériennes à l'aide de dérives de polylysine : application à la mucoviscidose." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD12.
Full textBoutant, Marie. "Fonction et régulation du facteur de transcription COUP-TFII dans les cellules β du pancréas." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T047.
Full textThe development and maintenance of functional pancreatic β cell mass are essentials for an appropriate response to changes in blood glucose levels. Pancreatic β cell knockout of the COUP-TFII (Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II) gene, in adult heterozygous mice, led to glucose intolerance due to an impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We also reported that COUP-TFII expression is repressed by insulin. During this PhD, using COUP-TFII homozygous knockout mice and the 832/13 INS-1 β cells, our results suggested that COUP-TFII can provide sufficient stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF7L2 dependent transcription signaling pathway in response to GLP-1 to allow development of an appropriate β cell mass during the postnatal period. We also identified a DNA region of the promoter that down-regulates COUP-TFII expression by attenuating the activating effect of HNF4 !MODY1 in response to high glucose concentrations through FoxO1 signaling, a major downstream target of the insulin signaling pathway. Finally, individuals from the prospective DESIR cohort carrying the minor C-allele at rs3743462 which is located in these conserved upstream regulatory regions, displayed lower basal levels of circulating insulin and a lower insulin resistance index. In β cells, this polymorphism is associated with a decreased of basal level of COUP-TFII gene activation and an increased repression to high glucose concentrations. We showed that COUP-TFII binds the rs3743462-C oligonucleotide with higher affinity suggesting a possible autorepression of its expression. In conclusion, COUPTFII could be a key regulator of in vivo glucose homeostasis in mice and in human
Bruneel, Arnaud. "Etude protéomique des cellules endothéliales et identification de protéines impliquées dans leur apoptose induite par l'étoposide." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P629.
Full textIn this work, we have carried out the proteomic study of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the combination of 2D-electrophoresis, automated trypsin digestion, peptide mass fingerprinting analysis after MALDI-TOF MS and peptide sequencing using nano LC-ESI-MS/MS. The overall functional characterization of the 162 identified proteins from primary cultures of HUVECs confirms the metabolic capabilities of endothelium and illustrates various cellular functions more related to cell motility and angiogenesis, protein folding, anti-oxidant defenses, signal transduction, proteasome and resistance to apoptosis. In comparison with controls cells, the differential proteomic analysis of HUVECs treated by the pro-apoptotic topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide further revealed the modulation of eight proteins namely, GRP78, GRP94, valosin-containing protein, proteinase inhibitor 9, cofilin, 37 kDa laminin receptor protein, bovine apolipoprotein and tropomyosin. These data suggest that etoposide-induced apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells results from the intricate involvement of multiple apoptosis processes including at least the mitochondrial and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. The presented 2D pattern and protein database,as well as the data related to apoptosis of HUVECs, are available at http://www. Huvec. Com
Pariset, Claude. "Quantification et distribution des proteine-kinases camp-dependantes dans la lignee germinale male des mammiferes." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S014.
Full textKiladjian, Jean-Jacques. "Etude de l'immunité naturelle dans les syndromes myelodysplasiques." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077168.
Full textMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and risk of evolution to acute leukemia. Clinical, biological and therapeutic data suggest that the immune system plays a role in their pathophysiology. Natural killer (NK) and yδ T cells are major components of innate immunity, participating in tumor immunosurveillance due to their cytotoxic function and their ability to link innate and adaptative immunity. This study showed that MDS NK cells displayed markedly decreased cytolytic and secretory functions, despite normal activating receptors expression; had decreased proliferative capacities in response to IL-2, and increased apoptosis in culture; belonged in part to the MDS clone. We have also studied MDS yδ T cells, showing that those cells could be efficiently expanded in vitro after specific stimulation using a phosphoantigen in the majority of patients. Those expanded cells were fully functional, and did not belong to the MDS clone. However, they also presented a poor proliferation in response to IL-2 despite normal IL-2 receptor expression, suggesting a common defect in the IL-2 signalling pathway, which could be a hallmark of MDS. In conclusion, this study showed new functional and proliferative defects of NK and yδ T cells in MDS that could play a role in disease pathophysiology
Weimershaus, Mirjana Léona. "The Role of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase in Cross-Presentation." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T036.
Full textInsulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) localizes to storage-type endosomes in many non-immune and immune cell types. In dendritic cells (DCs), IRAP functions as trimming peptidase to generate peptide ligands for MHC class I molecules (MHC-I). Absence of IRAP led to a defect in the presentation of internalized antigen on MHC-I (referred to as cross-presentation) in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, IRAP was not required for the “classical” presentation pathways (i. E. Presentation of extracellular antigens on MHC-II as well as presentation of intracellular antigens on MHC-I). Further supported by the colocalization and physical interaction of MHC-I with IRAP, these observations suggest that IRAP marks a cross-presentation compartment in which final trimming and loading on MHC-I can take place. We show that this compartment, marked by STX6 and Rab14, is functional in both CD8+ and CD8- DC subsets. In DCs, upon antigen internalization, IRAP vesicles are rapidly recruited to the phagosome. Additional to its function in antigen trimming, IRAP seems to regulate phagosome dynamics. In IRAP-deficient cells, phagosome maturation was accelerated, as shown by the rapid acquirement of late endosomal and lysosomal markers to the phagosome and increased antigen degradation. Thus, IRAP endosomes have at least two important roles in the DCs physiology: the trimming of antigenic peptides and the delay of phagosome maturation that is beneficial for cross-presentation. Understanding the stimuli that regulate IRAP mobilization, and possibly cross-presentation, could be relevant in order to understand if and how DCs control their different functions, including antigen presentation
Rumelhard, Mélina. "Réponses de l'epithélium respiratoire à l'exposition aux particules atmosphériques fines PM 2,5 : rôle respectif des composantes organiques, métalliques et biologiques." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077165.
Full textExposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is known to be responsible for adverse health effects such as airway inflammation and probably bronchial remodeling and pulmonary carcinogenicity for longer exposures. Urban PM2,5 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2,5 μm) is a complex mixture which composition relies on the emission source and atmospheric conditions encountered by particles. Exposure of respiratory epithelial cells to PM2,5 induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and amphiregulin, a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involved in cellular repair and chronic respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was 1) to determine the expression of 4 EGFR ligands mRNA and proteins by respiratory epithelial cells exposed to urban PM2,5 and to precise the contribution of PM components and 2) to investigate the autocrine and paracrine effects of PM2,5-induced epithelial cell secretions on bronchial epithelial and connective tissue cells. PM2 5 induces the mRNA expression and/or secretion of amphiregulin, HB-EGF and TGFα with a major contribution of organic components. Using the experimental strategy of conditioned media, we established that PM2,5-induced epithelial cell secretions increase the release of the pro- inflammatory biomarker GM-CSF with an autocrine regulation by EGFR ligands, while there isn't any autocrine or paracrine régulation of the PM2,5-mitogen effect on bronchial epithelial cells or pulmonary fibroblasts. These results highlight the involvement of EGFR ligands in PM2,5-induced pro-inflammatory response and potentially in bronchial remodeling exacerbated in chronic respiratory patients airways
Bakillah, Ahmed. "Production de collagene de type quatre et de collagenase quatre par les cellules endotheliales humaines cultivees en presence de differentes concentrations de glucose, et d'hormone de croissance : effets d'un inhibiteur de l'aldose reductase et d'un inhibiteur de proteine kinase c." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05S001.
Full text