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Carreras, Aubets Marta. "Parasites of three fish species of commercial interest from the north-western Mediterranean sea: Mullus barbatus Spicara maena and Trachinus draco (Osteichthyes, Perciformes)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/121636.
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Les comunitats de paràsits de peixos han estat usades com a eines integrals per a la salut de l’ecosistema. L’objectiu general de la present tesi és doble: d’una banda es pretenia proporcionar una millor comprensió de la composició i l’estructura de les comunitats parasítiques dels teleostis perciformes Mullus barbatus L., Spicara maena (L.) i Trachinus draco L. del nord-oest Mediterrani (especialment, la costa de Catalunya) i testar si les variacions en l’estructura de la comunitat parasítica podien estar relacionades amb les càrregues de pol·lució i/o amb la varietat natural (geogràfica i temporal). El mostreig va tenir lloc el 2007 al nord-oest del Mar Mediterrani, davant de la costa de Barcelona (Catalunya, nord-est d’Espanya) a la plataforma continental, a profunditats d’entre 50-68 metres. Una vegada al vaixell, els individus foren mesurats (longitud total) i pesats (pes total). Els espècimens foren immediatament congelats a -20ºC en bosses de plàstic individuals per a posteriors procediments al laboratori. Els individus descongelats foren processats i examinats per buscar ectoparàsits i endoparàsits sota l’estereomicroscopi. Tots els paràsits recollits foren comptats i processats seguint les tècniques parasitològiques. Una nova espècie críptica pertanyent al “complexe A. laguncula”, Aponurus mulli n. sp., fou descrita en base a l’abundant material trobat en Mullus barbatus (hoste tipus) i en M. surmuletus capturats prop de les costes Mediterrànies espanyoles mentre que es varen redescriure dos digenis Hemiuridae que són freqüentment citats però molt poc coneguts, en base al material capturat a la costa de Barcelona de l’oest Mediterrani, Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) (Lecithochiriinae), , i Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 (Dinurinae). D’altra banda, s’examinaren les comunitats parasítiques de Mullus barbatus L., una espècie mediterrània bioindicadora, mostrejada en un gradient de variacions de petita escala de PCBs en els sediments de la plataforma continental. Les respostes dels paràsits als nivells moderats de pol·lució observades foren validades simultàniament amb el monitoratge químic i amb l’efecte dels biomarcadors bioquímics. També vàrem descriure les comunitats de paràsits de Spicara maena (L.) i Trachinus draco L. del nord-oest Mediterrani, amb una visió en l’ús dels paràsits com a marcadors ambientals. El nematode Hysterothylacium fabri fou proposats per a futurs estudis de monitoratge ecològic de la costa de Catalunya.Parasite communities of fish have been used as comprehensive tags of ecosystem health. The general target of the present thesis is twofold: on the one hand we aimed to provide a better understanding of the composition and structure of parasite communities in the perciform teleosts Mullus barbatus L., Spicara maena (L.) and Trachinus draco L. from the north-western Mediterranean (specifically, the Catalonian coasts); on the other hand we aimed to test whether variations in parasite community structure can be related to pollution loads and/or with natural variability (geographical and temporal). Sampling took place in 2007 in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, in front of the coast of Barcelona (north-eastern Spain) on the continental shelf at depth of 50-68m. Once on board, individuals were measured (total length) and weighted (total weight). They were immediately frozen at -20ºC in an individual plastic bag for posterior procedures in the laboratory. Thawed specimens were processed and examined for ectoparasites and endoparasites under the stereomicroscope. All parasites collected were counted and processed following parasitological procedures. A new cryptic species of the ‘A. laguncula complex’, Aponurus mulli n. sp., was described on the basis of abundant material from Mullus barbatus (type-host) and M. surmuletus off the Spanish Mediterranean coasts whereas two frequently reported but poorly known Hemiuridae digeneans, Lecithochirium musculus (Looss, 1907) (Lecithochiriinae) and Ectenurus lepidus Looss, 1907 (Dinurinae), were redescribed based on material from off the Barcelona coast of the western Mediterranean. Otherwise, parasite communities of the Mediterranean sentinel fish species, Mullus barbatus, sampled at a small-scale PCB gradient at the shelf sediments, were examined. The observed parasite responses to moderate levels of pollution were simultaneously validated by both chemical monitoring and biochemical biomarkers effects. We also described the parasite communities of Spicara maena (L.) and Trachinus draco L. off the north-western Mediterranean, with a view of using parasite species as environmental tags. The nematode Hysterothylacium fabri is purposed for future studies in ecological biomonitoring for the coast of Catalonia.
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Touati, Boumediene. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du séchage solaire des feuilles de la menthe verte (Mentha viridis)." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0086.
Full textAbstract:
Les plantes médicinales et aromatiques et en particulier les feuilles de la menthe verte ont beaucoup d'importance pour la pharmacopée, la parfumerie, et la liquoristerie. Afin de développer un code de calcul permettant de simuler le séchage solaire en convection forcée de cette plante, une détermination expérimentale des isothermes de sorption a été menée. Les courbes de sorption ainsi obtenues sont ensuite approchées par des modèles empiriques et semi-empiriques utilisables dans un modèle numérique d'un séchoir. Une autre étude expérimentale est consacrée à la détermination des cinétiques de séchage dans des conditions contrôlables ainsi que dans un séchoir solaire. Les courbes de perte de masse et l'influence de la température et de la vitesse de l'air asséchant sont étudiées dans le but de déterminer la courbe caractéristique de séchage (CCS), et par conséquent la corrélation empirique exprimant la vitesse de séchage de la menthe verte étudiée. Par la suite les deux corrélations ainsi obtenues sont introduites dans un programme écrit en Fortran afin de valider les résultats expérimentaux de la teneur en eau et la vitesse de séchage en fonction du temps pour les modes de séchage et d'étudier l'influence de la température, du débit, de l'hygrométrie de l'air asséchant et de la masse initiale des feuilles de menthe. Afin de dimensionner notre séchoir une étude paramétrique basée sur la technique des plans d'expérience est menée. Le modèle développé dans ce travail permettra de dimensionner un séchoir et d'étudier son fonctionnement dans le cas d'utilisation avec un capteur solaire afin de définir les conditions optimales de séchageMedicinal and aromatic plants and particularly green mint leaves have a great importance for chemistry perfuming, confisery and liquoristry. In order to develop a calculating code that permits to simulate solar drying in a forced convection of this plant, an experimental determination of sorption isotherms has been led with the help of the solutions method of state salts. Sorption curves thus obtained are then approached by empiric and semi empiric models used in a numerical model of drying. Another experimental study is devoted to the drying kinetic determination in the controlled conditions and in a solar drying. The mass loss curves and the influence of the temperature and seed dried air are studied to determine drying characteristic curve (D. C. C. ), and therefore the empiric correlation expressing the speed of drying of the studied green mint. After that the two obtained correlations are introduced in a program written in FORTRAN so as to validate the experimental results of moisture content and the drying speed in terms of time for drying modes and to study the temperature, the debit, the hygrometry drying air influence and of the initial mass of the mint leaves. In order to dimension our drying, a parametric study based on the experience plans technique is led. The model developed in this work will permit to dimension a drier and to study its functioning in case it is used with a solar collector in order to define the optimal drying conditions
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Furniss, Caroline S. M. "NaCl-regulated gene expression in Distichlis spicata." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5833/.
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NaCl-induced and -repressed cDNA clones had previously been isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library, prepared from poly(A(^+)) RNA isolated from Distichlis spicata (salt grass) cell cultures grown in the presence of 260 mM NaCl (Zhao, et al., 1989). Eight of these cDNA clones have now been subcloned and/or sequenced and the predicted polypeptides compared with owl sequence data base. Three clones pDZ6.2, pDZVIII 1.2.1 and pDZIX 3.1 encode proline rich proteins, containing an amino acid repeat [PPKKDH(H)Y(Y)]. They have similar amino acid usage to proline-rich cell wall proteins, being rich in P, K, H and Y. The first 20 amino acid residues encode a putative leader sequence, supporting the proposed extracellular role as a cell wall protein. This N-terminal sequence (MPLLVALLLVLAVVAAAGAD) shares some similarity with die leader sequence of a soyabean proline-rich cell wall protein precursor and other extracellular proteins (the conserved residues are underlined). There is an increase in abundance of transcripts hybridising to the inserts from pDZ6.2 and pDZVUI 1.2.1 in response to either 520 mM NaCl or 100 µM ABA, but a decrease in response to 5 mM exogenous proline. It is suggested that the corresponding gene(s) are regulated at the level of either transcription or transcript stability, in response to elevated NaCl, with ABA as a mediator of (or part of) tills response. pDZ6.2 and pDZXI 3.1 have identical nucleotide sequences, whilst pDZVni 1.2.1 differs in three base paks within the putative open reading frame, suggesting that there may be at least two members of a multi gene family. A 68 bp OA repeat has been found in the 5' untranslated region of pDZ6.2 and a corresponding transcript identified by northern analysis using this OA sequence as a probe. Such nucleotide repeats can form triplexes (DNA) or hakpin loops (RNA), which is dependent on pH and ionic conditions. Therefore this OA repeat may play a role in the regulation of the gene corresponding to pDZ6.2 at the level of transcription or translation, possibly by attenuation of these processes, either by the formation of triplexes or hah-pins, or the binding of a protein to this GA region, at low ionic strength. However initial in vitro ttanscription experiments, to compare the transcriptional activity of pDZ6.2 and pDZVin 5.1.1 at different ionic strengths, proved inconclusive. An attempt was also made to identify the corresponding genomic region from D. spicata by anchored PGR.A fourth clone pDZ2.8L encodes a histone 2B protein, having 97.9% similarity to a wheat histone 2B. Its transcript abundance decreased in response to either 520 mM NaCl, 5 mM proline or 100 µM ABA. The sequences of the remaining clones either revealed no significant similarity to any known sequences or were assigned as being cloning artefacts .D. spicata cells accumulate proline within eight hours of exposure to 260 mM NaCl (Heyser, et al., 1989b). An unsuccessful attempt was also made to isolate a pyrroline-5- carboxylate reductase gene homologue from D. spicata, by heterologous probing of Southern blots with a soyabean cDNA pProCl and PCR.
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Dubickaitė, Inga. "Varpinės medlievos (Amelanchier spicata lam.) invazyvumą lemiančios biologinės ir ekologinės savybės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110627_151812-24590.
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Svetimžemiais vadinami iš kitų kraštų kilę ir dėl žmonių veiklos į teritorijas, kuriose jie anksčiau neaugo, patekę augalai. Vienas iš tokių adventyvinių augalų yra varpinė medlieva (Amelanchier spicata) Taigi adventyvinių augalų skverbimasis yra nenutrūkstantis, su žmogaus veikla susijęs procesas, todėl galima teigti, jog tokių augalų šalyje ir toliau daugės.
Varpinės medlievos (Amelanchier spicata) tyrimai buvo atliekami 2007-2008 m. liepos – rugsėjo mėn. keturiose skirtingose vietovėse, t.y. Antaviliuose, Aukštuosiuose Paneriuose, Žemojoje Veržuvoje ir Antakalnyje. Kiekvienoje vietovėje buvo pasirinktas 10000 m2 plotas. Plotas suskirstytas į 16 laukelių, o vienas laukelis sudarė 625 m2. Šiose vietovėse vertinant antžeminių dalių morfologinius parametrus buvo matuojamas stiebų aukštis, aukštis iki pirmos šakos, skersmuo, nustatomas stiebų brandos amžius bei absoliutus amžius.
Tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad tankiausia buvo Antavilių populiacija. Pagal brandos amžiaus grupes visose tirtose populiacijose vyravo vegetatyviniai stiebai. Pagal morfologinius stiebų požymius visos keturios populiacijos skiriasi nedaug. Pagal absoliutųjį amžių daugiausia populiacijose buvo rasta antrų, trečių ir ketvirtų metų amžiaus stiebų, o mažiausiai septyniolikos, aštuoniolikos, devyniolikos ir dvidešimties metų amžiaus stiebų. Tirtose populiacijose morfologinių požymių kitimai priklauso tiek nuo amžiaus, tiek nuo populiacijos tankumo, tiek nuo konkurencijos bei skirtingų aplinkos sąlygų buveinėse... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Exotic are the plants originating from the lands and coming due to the human activity to the areas where they never grow before. One of these adventive plants is thicket shadbush (Amelanchier spicata). So, penetration of adventive plants is a continuous process associated with human activities, therefore it can be argued that the number of such plants in the country will continue to grow. Research of thicket shadbush (Amelanchier spicata) was carried out in July - September 2007-2008 in four different areas, namely Antaviliai, Aukštieji Paneriai, Žemoji Veržuva and Antakalnis. The area of 10000 m2 was chosen in each location. The area was then divided into 16 squares, and one square constituted 625 m2. When evaluating the morphological parameters of the ground parts of the plants, the height of stalks, the height to the first branch, the diameter was measured, and the absolute age and maturity age of stalks was determined. It was determined during the research that the densest was Antaviliai population. According to the maturity age groups the vegetative stalks were dominating in all analysed populations. According to morphological stalk features all for populations differ very little. By absolute age, the highest number of plants in the populations was with the second, third and fourth year stalks, and the least number was with stalks of seventeen, eighteen, nineteen and twenty year old. Changes of morphological features in analysed populations depend on age, on the density... [to full text]
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Albuquerque, Marcos Roberto. "Avaliação de variabilidade genética e química em cunila spicata Benth." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2004. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1405.
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Cunila spicata Benth. é uma planta aromática e medicinal utilizada popularmente no sul do Brasil como béquica, peitoral e sudorífera, e que apresenta comprovada atividade antiviral e anticonvulsiva. C. spicata é uma das 12 espécies sul-americanas do gênero Cunila (Lamiaceae) sendo encontrada em banhados e borda de mata de galeria no sul do Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai. Dentro deste contexto, no presente trabalho foi avaliada a variabilidade genética e química de populações de C. spicata coletadas nas regiões nordeste e sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul, com vistas a formação de bancos de germoplasma, determinação de estratégias de preservação e uso sustentável. Os marcadores ISSR e RAPD mostraram-se eficientes na determinação de variabilidade genética desta espécie, permitindo a identificação de todas as populações e indivíduos avaliados. As populações de C. spicata caracterizam-se como grupos geneticamente estruturados. Entretanto, não foi constatada formação de agrupamentos dentro da espécie, nem relação entre as distâncias genéticas e geográficas, ou entre as populações originarias das duas regiões geográficas amostradas. Por outro lado, a análise da composição dos óleos essenciais das 10 populações permitiu separar as mesmas em dois quimiotipos caracterizados por elevada concentração de α-terpineol/limoneno, e linalol, respectivamente. As populações da região sudeste enquadraram-se dentro do quimiotipo linalol, enquanto as da região nordeste no quimiotipo α-terpineol/limoneno. A relação geográfica e química é indicativa da existência de pressão de seleção quanto ao tipo de óleo essencial da região de ocorrência.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-12-01T16:00:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcos Roberto Albuquerque.pdf: 1631570 bytes, checksum: d32cbb1d10de9a5f37eb7dd664ddc20d (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T16:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcos Roberto Albuquerque.pdf: 1631570 bytes, checksum: d32cbb1d10de9a5f37eb7dd664ddc20d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-01
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq.
Cunila spicata Benth. is a medicinal and aromatic plant popularly used in South Brazil as bequic, expectorant and sudiriferous, and that has confirmed antiviral and anti-convulsive activities. C. spicata is one of the 12 South-American species of the genus Cunila( Lamiaceae) been currently found in swamps and borders of gallery forests in South Brazil, North Argentina and Uruguay. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the genetic and chemical variability of C. spicata populations collected at the northeast and southeast regions of Rio Grande do Sul, to subside the construction of a germplasm bank, to determine conservation strategies, and to develop a sustainable use of this species. ISSR and RAPD markers proved to be efficients for the determination of the genetic variability of this species, allowing the identification of all the populations and individuals. C. spicata populations were characterized as genetically structured groups. However, clusters within the species were not evident, and no relations were detected between geographic and genetic distances, or between populations of the two regions. Conversely, the analysis of essential oil composition allowed the populations in two chemotypes, characterized by high concentration of α-terpineol/limonene, and linalool, respectively. The populations of the southeast region belong to the linalool chemotype, and those from the northeast region to the a-terpineol/limonene chemotype. This geographical and chemical relation is indicative of different selection pressures in the two regions.
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Mercer, Charlene Ashley. "Spatial Segregation of the Sexes in a Salt Marsh Grass Distichlis spicata (Poaceae)." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/173.
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Understanding the maintenance of sexual systems is of great interest to evolutionary and ecological biologists because plant systems are extremely varied. Plant sexual systems have evolved to include not only complete plants with both male and female reproduction occurring on one plant (i.e., monoecious and hermaphroditic) but also plants with male and female function on separate plants (dioecious). The dioecious reproductive system can be used to test theories on niche differentiation given that having separate plants potentially allows for the exploitation of a broader niche. This increase in the realized niche is due to the ability for separate sexes to occupy different niches, which may occur in different physical habitats. Some dioecious plants have been shown to occur in areas biased to nearly 100% male or nearly 100% female, called spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS). Occupying a broader niche could increase fitness in some species when the separation is used for one sex to gain access to resources that increase reproductive success and/or if the separation inhibits deleterious competition. These two mechanisms have been previously proposed for the evolution of SSS in dioecious plants. The first mechanism suggests that males and females have evolved to occupy different niches due to differences in reproduction (sexual specialization). The hypothesis for the sexual specialization mechanism is that females should have higher fitness in female-majority sites and males should have higher fitness in male-majority sites. The second mechanism states that males and females occupy different niches due to competition between the sexes (niche partitioning). The hypothesis for niche partitioning states that inter-sexual competition should decrease fitness more than intra-sexual competition. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive. In our research we use the salt-marsh grass Distichlis spicata as our study species because this plant is dioecious and because molecular markers have been developed to determine the sex of juvenile plants. These molecular markers are important for testing the niche partitioning hypothesis for SSS in juveniles. Furthermore, previous work in California has shown that plants occur in areas nearly 100% female and nearly 100% male called spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS). The previous research also showed that female-majority sites were higher in soil phosphorus than male-majority sites. We conduct all research, presented in the proceeding chapters, on Distichlis spicata in the Sand Lake estuary near Pacific City, Oregon and in the laboratory at Portland State University. In Chapter 1 we used field data to answer two questions: (1) Does Distichlis spicata exhibit SSS in Oregon, and (2) If SSS is occurring, do differences occur in plant form and function (sexual specialization) in reproductive female and male plants in female-majority and male-majority sites? We used a sex ratio survey and collected field data on reproductive males and females. Our results show that there are female-majority and male-majority areas and SSS is occurring in the Sand Lake Estuary. Results from our native plant data suggest that reproductive females perform better in female-majority sites compared to male-majority sites which could suggest that sexual specialization is occurring in females. We currently have a long term field reciprocal transplant experiment in place to further address this hypothesis. In Chapter 2 we use field dada to address the following questions: (1) Does site-specific soil nutrient content occur in August, when females have set seed? (2) Does sex-specific mycorrhizal colonization occur in reproductively mature plants? (3) Does sex-specific mycorrhizal colonization vary seasonally in natural populations? Inside the roots of D. spicata a symbiotic relationship is formed between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AM). The AM- plant relationship has been shown to thrive in phosphorus limited areas because the mycorrhizal fungus increases nutrient access to the plant. We analyzed the results of the field soil nutrient content and mycorrhizal colonization in roots of native Distichlis spicata from male-majority and female-majority sites. The root colonization included staining roots with trypan blue and viewing sections of the roots under the microscope. Our results show that female- majority sites are higher in phosphorus and are found to have higher AM colonization than male- majority sites in the field. In Chapter 3 we then reciprocally transplanted D. spicata plants in the field to address the following questions: (1) Does niche partitioning occur in D. spicata, and (2) If niche partitioning is occurring, which plants are competing more? Our reciprocal transplant experiment included seeds grown in intra-sexual, inter-sexual and no competition in cones, planted directly into the field, and allowed to grow for 15 months. After the 15 months was over we measured survival, dry weight and root/shoot ratio. The design of the experiment was to determine the effects of competition (intra-sexual and inter-sexual) and no competition on (single male and female) on survival, biomass and root/shoot ratios. Our results show that niche partitioning is occurring and plants in inter-sexual competition have significantly less biomass then intra-sexual competitors. In, Chapter 4, we conduct a laboratory experiment to address the following questions: (1) Do plants show plasticity in their response to root exudates of the competing plant in regards to the sexual phenotype of the competitor? (2) Do plants show plasticity in their response to root exudates of the competing plant with respect to the relatedness of the competitor? We use sterile seeds grown in 24-well plates containing liquid media. For each competing plant, we picked plants up out of the wells and into the competing plants wells so that plants only experienced media that the competing plant had grown. At no time do roots ever come into contact with one another. We measured primary root length, number of lateral roots, the number of root hairs, root/shoot ratio and total dry weight. We analyzed the study two different ways, one for sexual type competition (inter-sexual, intra-sexual, none) and for plant relationship (KIN, STRANGER and OWN). The results for the sexual type competition found that inter-sexual competition was greater for root/shoot ratio and dry weight. The results for plant relationship competition found that kin plants had a significantly greater number of lateral roots and a significantly longer primary root. The last chapter, Chapter 5, includes a summary of our conclusions. Our study found SSS occurring in the Sand Lake Estuary in Oregon with female-majority sites higher in phosphorus and root colonization higher in percent colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to male-majority sites. Based on the sexual specialization hypothesis as a mechanism for SSS, we found that females had greater fitness in female-majority sites compared to male-majority sites, suggesting that sexual specialization is occurring in reproductive females. We then tested the niche partitioning hypothesis for SSS, and we found consistent lab and field results suggesting that niche partitioning due to inter-sexual competition is an explanation for why females and males D. spicata plants spatially segregate themselves at the juvenile life history stage. Furthermore, we found that plants that have the same mother had a significantly greater number of lateral roots and a significantly longer primary root. These results suggest that KIN plants respond differently to one another compared to plants paired with a plant not from the same mother (STRANGER) or when the plant is alone (OWN).
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Bueno, Perez Lynette. "Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Two Vietnamese Plants, Indigofera spicata and Millettia caerulea." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1402256396.
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Mamani, Curazi Belden Ivan. "Actividad antibacteriana de aceite esencial de Mentha spicata L. sobre flora mixta salival." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3424.
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La fitoterapia es la terapia basada en plantas, alimentos y elementos nutritivos. Se encuentra entre las más antiguas. Esta terapia utiliza esencias puras de plantas para tratar diversos problemas, así dermatológicos, alérgicos, digestivos, ginecológicos, etc. Disminuyendo los efectos secundarios y haciendo más efectivos los tratamientos. La fitoterapia a través de los extractos naturales y sus destilaciones artificiales constituye la base de la medicina moderna y de la cosmética actual.
Se sabe que multitud de pueblos descubrieron ya en tiempos remotos, que algunas plantas eran buenas para comer y alimentarse y otras se caracterizaban por tener propiedades curativas. Con toda certeza, la búsqueda de algún remedio fue la génesis del uso de las plantas para su propio beneficio, ya fuera fruto del deseo de sanar o por cuestión mágico-religiosa, siendo simplemente en la mayoría de los casos con motivo de la búsqueda de nuevos alimentos.
Los egipcios, desarrollaron la utilización de las plantas medicinales de forma sistemática y estructurada, conociéndose más de 700 fórmulas en las que aparecen plantas curativas, destacando el impreso más importante, el Papiro de Ebers, 1700 A.C., pudiendo atribuirle un origen anterior en Asia. En China se supone que ya era utilizada en el 5000 A.C., destacando el libro de Pen Tsao que recoge el estudio de más de 300 plantas.
En la India se menciona la utilización de las plantas medicinales en Rig Veda, uno de los libros sagrados del brahmanismo. El Ayurveda o como se conoce el uso de las plantas medicinales en la India, hace referencias escritas al año 800 A.C., describiendo unas 800 especies. El conocimiento de las plantas medicinales se extendió desde el Antiguo Egipto y Mesopotamia hacia los países mediterráneos, hasta Grecia y luego por toda Europa para llegar 2000 años más tarde al Nuevo Mundo.
El conocimiento de las plantas medicinales, ya sea a través de la magia, religión, necesidad o casualidad, o a veces como consecuencia del ensayo-error ha permitido obtener un conocimiento de las plantas medicinales entre las diferentes culturas que constituyen la base de la medicina moderna, sabiduría que nos corresponde a todos conocer y salvaguardar como parte de nuestro patrimonio. En la actualidad ha resurgido el interés público y científico en el desarrollo de la medicina natural tradicional con el impulso de nuevas tecnologías que descubren cada día nuevas propiedades y aplicaciones a los diferentes principios activos de las plantas, subrayando el carácter dinámico y de servicio en beneficio de la humanidad en el estudio de las plantas medicinales.
La odontología no escapa de estos antecedentes históricos, que nos ofrecen una alternativa a tomar en cuenta, y a la vez nos estimula para asumir con responsabilidad nuevos retos que nos llevan a proponer recursos novedosos para el control y tratamiento de las enfermedades estomatológicas con mayor prevalencia en nuestra población.Tesis
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Hernández, Oyarzún Juan Eduardo. "Tolerancia a estrés térmico en plántulas con heterogeneidad genética (quiméricas) y unitarias en la macroalga parda Lessonia spicata (Phaeophyceae)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151854.
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título de Biólogo con mención en Medio AmbienteEl quimerismo ocurre cuando dos individuos genéticamente distintos y conspecíficos se fusionan o coalescen generando una única entidad genéticamente heterogénea conocida como quimera. Este aumento en la variabilidad genética intraorganismo supondría un aumento en la variabilidad fenotípica del mismo, lo que conferiría a estas entidades una mayor tolerancia ante cambios ambientales en comparación a individuos genéticamente homogéneos o no quiméricos, posiblemente debido a efectos sinérgicos entre las distintas líneas celulares. El beneficio de ser quimera ha sido estudiado en distintos grupos de algas, particularmente en especies de algas rojas (Gracilaria y Mazzaella), las cuales muestran una correlación positiva entre coalescencia y tolerancia al estrés. A pesar de ello, en macroalgas pardas los estudios han sido mayoritariamente descriptivos, evidenciado los procesos de formación de entidades quiméricas, así como la frecuencia del quimerismo en poblaciones naturales de Lessonia spicata. Sin embargo, se desconoce aún si en esta especie los organismos con quimerismo muestran mayor tolerancia al estrés que aquellos genéticamente homogéneos y si existe un efecto en la adecuación biológica de la quimera de acuerdo al número de individuos fusionados así como el nivel de parentesco de los individuos que se fusionan para formar la quimera (e.g. fusión entre hermanos, medios hermanos, vecinos, poblaciones distintas). Basado en lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la tolerancia a estrés por temperatura de plántulas quiméricas y unitarias de L. spicata cultivadas en condiciones contrastantes de temperatura, distinto número de individuos fusionados y nivel de parentesco. Para ello, primero se desarrolló un protocolo para la generación masiva de plántulas con variabilidad genética intraorganismo de L. spicata en laboratorio. Segundo, se evaluó la tolerancia al estrés en términos de la tasa de crecimiento en condiciones contrastantes de temperatura (12±2°C vs 18±2°C) de plántulas quiméricas con distinto número de individuos fusionados versus unitarias. Tercero, se evaluó el efecto del parentesco sobre la quimera y el estrés térmico, comparando crecimiento entre unitarias, quimeras conformadas por cepas locales y quimeras conformadas por cepas de distintas poblaciones. Los resultados indicaron que plántulas quiméricas provenientes de la fusión de 5 esporofitos poseen una mayor tasa de crecimiento que las plántulas unitarias en condiciones normales de temperatura (12°C). Mientras que a estrés 10 térmico (18ªC) plántulas quiméricas también poseen una mayor tasa de crecimiento, pero la significancia de la respuesta depende de la densidad y parentesco de las entidades que forman la quimera. En términos de parentesco, los resultados sugieren que las quimeras provenientes de la fusión de esporofitos de plantas no emparentadas poseen una tasa de crecimiento mayor que quimeras formadas con medios hermanos. A la luz de estos resultados es posible concluir que el quimerismo en la macroalga parda Lessonia spicata le conferiría una ventaja a dichos organismos frente a los continuos cambios ambientales. Este hecho adquiere relevancia si se sabe que la especie está constantemente expuesta a cambios de la temperatura producto del Niño, así como el aumento de la temperatura del océano causado por cambio climático.
Chimerism occurs when two genetically distinct and conspecific individuals fuse or coalesce, generating a single entity genetically heterogeneous known as chimera. This condition increase the intraorganismal genetic variability, that could increase in the phenotypic variability and provide higher tolerance to environmental changes compared to genetically homogeneous or non-chimeric individuals. These can be produced due to synergistic effects between the genetically different cell lines that coexist into the chimera. The benefit of chimeric condition has been studied in different groups of macroalgae, particularly in the red species (Gracilaria and Mazzaella). They show a positive correlation between coalescence and stress tolerance. Despite of this, in the brown macroalgae the studies have been poorly described, most of them are descriptive, evidencing the formation processes of chimeric entities, as well as the frequency of chimerism in natural Lessonia spicata populations. However, it is still unknown whether the chimerism in Lessonia species shows greater stress tolerance than those genetically homogeneous. As well as whether there the fitness is affected by to the number of individuals fused, and/or the level of kinship among the individuals that composed the chimera (e.g. fusion between siblings, half siblings, neighbors, different populations). In this context, the main objective of this study was evaluate the thermal stress tolerance of chimeric and unitary organism in the brown macroalgae L. spicata, which were cultivated under contrasting temperature conditions, different number of fused individuals and level of kinship. To this, firstly in this study generated a protocol for massive generation of plantlets with intraorganismal genetic variability of L. spicata in laboratory. Secondly, the stress tolerance was evaluated in terms of specific growth rate under contrasting temperature conditions (12 ± 2 °C vs 18 ± 2 °C) of chimeric plantlets with different numbers of individuals fused versus unitary ones. Thirdly, the effect of kinship on the chimera and thermal stress was evaluated by comparing growth rate between unitary individuals versus chimeras formed by local strains, and from different populations. The results indicate that chimeric plantlets resulting from the fusion of 5 sporophytes have a higher growth rate than the unitary plantlets under normal conditions (12°C). While under thermal stress (18°C) the chimeras have the higher growth rate. However, the significant differences depended on the density and kinship of the entities that made up the chimera and the culture temperature. In terms of 12 kinship, the results suggest that chimeras resulting from the fusion of sporophytes of unrelated plants have a higher growth rate than chimeras formed by half-sib brothers. Follow these results, it is possible to conclude that chimerism in the brown macroalga Lessonia spicata would confer an advantage to these organisms in face to continuous environmental changes. This fact acquires relevance if it is known that this species is constantly exposed to temperature changes produced by ENSO events, as well as the increase in the ocean temperature caused by climate change.
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Fraser, Geoffrey Alan. "Nonradial oscillations in Spica." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24667.
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The absorption line profiles of Spica (α Virginis, HD116658, B1.5IV, m=0.97) show features, at about the 1% level, moving from the blue wavelengths towards the red wavelengths. A series of spectra were taken, at the 1.22 m telescope at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory on three nights in April, 1982 and two nights in April, 1984, to study these moving features.
As Spica is a member of a binary system, the effect of the secondary had to be removed from the observations. This was done by subtracting a template spectrum which had been scaled, broadened and shifted to match the secondary, from each observation. The required shifts were determined using the orbital elements on blended nights and using the Fahlman-Glaspy small-shifts technique on unblended nights. An average of all the spectra was then subtracted from each observation. The resulting series of residuals clearly show the motion of the features seen in the line profiles.
The acceleration of the features was estimated to be between 0.0055 and 0.0068 kms⁻². Assuming the features are due to nonradial oscillations, this acceleration corresponds to waves moving slowly, about 5 to 20 kms⁻¹, in a prograde direction. The angular frequency of the oscillations, after accounting for the effects of rotation, would be about 3.4X10⁻⁵ rads⁻¹. A computer model that produces line profiles, under the assumption of a single nonradial oscillation, was used to produce profiles for comparison with observations. Using an [formula omitted]=8 and m=-8 mode, an intrinsic frequency of 3.4X10⁻⁵ rads⁻¹ and a stellar rotation rate of 190 kms⁻¹, the model produced profiles similar to those observed. The change in the model profiles with time was also similar to that observed.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Kossak, Benjamin J. "Jack Spicer and the Phenomenology of Meaning." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1212172211.
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Zeipel, Hugo von. "The spatial and temporal dynamics of plant-animal interactions in the forest herb Actaea spicata /." Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm university, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7177.
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Dubois, Jean-Pierre. "Sondage atmospherique par occultation stellaire. Caracterisation des performances de l'instrument spatial spicam etoile. Preparation aux experiences spicam light et gomos." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066478.
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Le sondage atmospherique par occultation stellaire consiste a viser une etoile a partir d'un satellite en orbite autour d'une planete et a acquerir son spectre au cours de son deplacement apparent au travers de l'atmosphere. En etudiant les perturbations induites sur les spectres en fonction de l'altitude, l'analyse des donnees permet d'acceder aux profils verticaux de densite des constituants puis au profil de temperature. Cette methode par occultation a souvent ete appliquee mais l'occultation stellaire est une nouvelle approche. Les avantages principaux sont la bonne couverture en longitude, latitude et saison, ainsi que la multitude de sources exploitables. Les principaux defauts sont le faible flux des sources et la necessite d'avoir un systeme de pointage pour se diriger vers les differentes etoiles. Trois instruments sont dedies a cette methode : - spicam etoile (17 kg) sur la mission russe mars 96 (echec du lancement), developpe au service d'aeronomie. - spicam light, version allegee de 4 kg (mission mars express, esa, 2003). - gomos (164 kg), pour l'etude de la couche d'ozone terrestre (envisat, esa, 2000). L'une des conditions pour une meilleure precision des resultats est d'avoir une bonne connaissance de certaines caracteristiques instrumentales. Il a fallu definir les procedures et les essais necessaires, relativement similaires entre les instruments. Les differences existantes proviennent de leurs performances propres, du contexte de la mission ou de la precision specifiee. Spicam light, seule experience non integree, profitera du benefice acquis au cours de l'integration des deux instruments gomos et spicam.
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Almeida, Priscilla Prates de. "Extração de óleo essencial de hortelã (Mentha spicata L.) com misturas de solventes a alta pressão." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89444.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T21:04:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 233948.pdf: 1382511 bytes, checksum: 7623b0d074fa377ffbd35089a913908a (MD5)
As plantas aromáticas são largamente utilizadas como medicamentos na medicina popular, e atualmente estão sendo estudadas devido às suas propriedades terapêuticas, entre elas antiinflamatória, antifúngica, antiviral e antioxidante, que dependem dos compostos biologicamente ativos presentes nessas plantas. A hortelã (Mentha spicata L) é uma planta aromática nativa da Europa, cujo óleo essencial tem aplicações em indústrias alimentícias, farmacêutica e de cosméticos. Dentre os diferentes métodos de extração para óleos essenciais, pode-se destacar a extração supercrítica (ESC), um processo de separação a alta pressão, livre de resíduos tóxicos, que não provoca degradação térmica aos extratos e conserva as características organolépticas do produto, além das técnicas a baixa pressão, conhecidas como processos convencionais. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi a obtenção de óleo essencial de hortelã (Mentha spicata L) através das seguintes técnicas de extração: ESC (com e sem co-solvente), hidrodestilação e extração Soxhlet, visando a determinação do rendimento de processo, da composição química e da atividade antioxidante dos extratos. O resultado das extrações a baixa pressão contribuíram para a escolha dos co-solventes aplicados nas extrações a alta pressão com CO2, empregados para promover o aumento no poder de dissolução do solvente supercrítico e/ou o controle da seletividade do processo. As condições de operação para ESC com CO2 foram de 30, 40 e 50ºC e pressões variando de 100 a 300 bar. O melhor rendimento (2,38%) foi obtido na condição de 300 bar e 50ºC. Na ESC com co-solvente foram utilizados dois co-solventes: o etanol e o acetato de etila, nas concentrações de 10, 15 e 20% em massa, e condição de 200 bar e 40ºC. O etanol apresentou maiores rendimentos do que o acetato de etila. A inversão das isotermas a 40 e 50ºC na ESC com etanol foi determinada com 20% de co-solvente, variando-se a pressão de operação. Para entender a cinética de extração do sistema óleo de hortelã + CO2 supercrítico, foram empregados três modelos: o Modelo de Difusão, apresentado por REVERCHON (1997), que faz analogia à transferência de calor, e dois modelos baseados no balanço de massa diferencial: Modelo de Sovová, proposto por SOVOVÁ (1994) e o Modelo Logístico (LM), apresentado por MARTÍNEZ et al (2003). Os modelos de Difusão e Logístico se ajustaram melhor aos dados experimentais do que o modelo de Sovová.
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ETTOUATI, LAURENT. "Isolement et identification des constituants de type taxane d'austrotaxus spicata compton (taxacees). Hemisynthese d'analogues du taxol." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112044.
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Trente composes ont ete extraits des feuilles et des ecorces de tronc d'austrotaxus spicata compton, une taxacee de nouvelle-caledonie. L'anemonine, habituellement isolee chez les renonculacees, est le produit principal des feuilles. Les autres composes ont un squelette taxane: vingt-huit sont nouveaux et en majorite alcaloidiques. Les structures ont ete etablies a partir des donnees spectrales et par correlation chimique. Ensuite, l'hemisynthese d'analogues du taxol a ete realisee. L'extraction des alcaloides de l'if commun taxus baccata l. (taxacees) et leur transformation a permis d'obtenir avec un bon rendement la triacetylcinnamoyltaxicine i. Celle-ci a ete utilisee comme synthon pour obtenir, apres modification, un compose possedant un cycle oxetanique et un groupement ester dans les memes positions et stereochimie que chez le taxol et les autres derives actifs
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von, Zeipel Hugo. "The spatial and temporal dynamics of plant-animal interactions in the forest herb Actaea spicata." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7177.
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Landscape effects on species performance currently receives much attention. Habitat loss and fragmentation are considered major threats to species diversity. Deciduous forests in southern Sweden are previous wooded pastures that have become species-rich communities appearing as islands in agricultural landscapes, varying in species composition. Actaea spicata is a long-lived plant occurring in these forests. In 150 populations in a 10-km2 area, I studied pre-dispersal seed predation, seed dispersal and pollination. I investigated spatio-temporal dynamics of a tritrophic system including Actaea, a specialist seed predator, Eupithecia immundata, and its parasitoids. In addition, effects of biotic context on rodent fruit dispersal and effects of flowering time and flower number on seed set, seed predation and parasitization were studied. Insect incidences of both trophic levels were related to resource population size and small Eupithecia populations were maintained by the rescue effect. There was a unimodal relationship between seed predation and plant population size. Seed predator populations frequently went extinct in small plant populations, resulting in low average seed predation. Parasitoids were present in large plant populations but did not affect seed predator density. Seed predators aggregated at edges, relaxing seed predation in patch interiors. Flowering phenology was unrelated to seed set and insect incidence. A higher flower number did not influence seed predation but was associated with higher seed set and a tendency for a higher parasitization rate. In the study on fruit dispersal more fruits were removed inside than outside populations. Within plant populations more fruits were removed from large aggregations. Overall, this thesis underlines the importance of plant-animal interactions during different phases of the life cycle. The spatial configuration of host plants plays an important role for the outcome of plant-animal interactions and trophic cascades.
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Jamil, Dara M. "Characterisation, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Thymus Syriacus Boiss Var Syriacus and Thymbra Spicata L from Kurdistan - Iraq." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505974.
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Eckstein, Bárbara. "Identificação molecular de um fitoplasma associado à malformação das folhas das ornamentais Celosia argentea L. e Celosia spicata L." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-09022009-164723/.
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Plantas de crista-de-galo (Celosia argentea) e pluma-de-flamingo (Celosia spicata) são ornamentais de flores exuberantes muito apreciadas. Recentemente, em logradouros públicos de Piracicaba (SP) foi observado que plantas de ambas as espécies exibiam sintomas típicos de doenças causadas por fitoplasmas, como redução foliar, superbrotamento de ramos laterais, enfezamento da parte aérea e filodia. Com o objetivo de demonstrar que tais organismos estavam associados à doença, o presente trabalho foi conduzido. Vinte e quatro amostras de folhas e ramos obtidas de plantas sintomáticas foram submetidas à extração do DNA total, o qual foi empregado para a detecção de fitoplasmas, conduzida por duplo PCR com os iniciadores P1/P7 ou P1/Tint e 16F2n/16R2. Plantas assintomáticas de celosia foram usadas como controle negativo, enquanto plantas de vinca experimentalmente infectadas por fitoplasmas serviram como controles positivos. Fitoplasmas foram detectados em 50% das plantas sintomáticas analisadas, através da amplificação de um fragmento genômico de 1,2 Kb, visualizado na forma de banda, em gel de agarose. Amplificações foram observadas para o controle positivo, porém nenhuma banda foi visualizada quando DNA de plantas assintomáticas foi usado na reação de PCR. O emprego de iniciadores específicos revelou que todos os fitoplasmas encontrados eram pertencentes ao grupo 16SrIII. Análises de RFLP, usando as enzimas HinfI, HpaII, TaqI, RsaI, KpnI, HaeIII, MseI, HhaI e Bsh 1236I e análises filogenéticas, baseadas na seqüência nucleotídica do 16S rDNA, confirmaram que o fitoplasma encontrados era afiliado ao grupo 16SrIII, subgrupo J. A transmissão experimental, via cuscuta, do fitoplasma presente em planta de crista-de-galo para planta de vinca evidenciou a natureza infecciosa da doença e que seu agente é, provavelmente, um fitoplasma.Plants belonging to the species Celosia argentea and Celosia spicata are appreciated as ornamentals due to their colorful flowers. Recently, plants of both species exhibiting typical symptoms induced by phytoplasmas, characterized by deformed leaves, proliferation of axillary shoots, stunt and phyllody were found in public places in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The present study was done to demonstrate that phytoplasmas were associated with these diseased plants. Twenty four samples composed by leaves and young shoots were obtained from symptomatic plants. Total DNA was extracted and used as template in nested PCR primed by P1/P7 or P1/Tint and 16F2n/16R2. Total DNA extracted from asymptomatic plants of celosia was used as negative control and plants of periwinkle experimentally infected with phytoplasmas were used as positive control. Phytoplasmas were detected in 50% of the symptomatic plants through the amplification of a genomic fragment of 1.2kb visualized as band in agarose gel. Amplification were also obtained for the positive control, but no band was visualized when DNA from asymptomatic plants was used in the PCR reactions. Nested PCR performed with specific primers pair revealed that the phytoplasmas found in all samples belonged to group 16SrIII. RFLP analyses conducted with the restriction enzymes HinfI, HpaII, TaqI, RsaI, KpnI, HaeIII, MseI, HhaI and Bsh 1236I, plus phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that the phytoplasma detected in diseased plants was affiliated to group 16SrIII, subgroup J. Positive experimental transmission of the phytoplasma from celosia to periwinkle, using Cuscuta subinclusa, indicated that the disease is infectious and that phytoplasma is, probably, the causal agent.
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Gomes, Laura Sofia Silva. "Valorização das espécieis condimentares Calamitha nepeta, Mentha cervina, Mentha pulegium e Mentha spicata: potencial nutracêutico dos seus extratos aquosos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27692.
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Neste projeto, selecionaram-se quatro espécies aromáticas e condimentares da
família Lamiaceae, Calamintha nepeta, Mentha cervina, Mentha pulegium e Mentha
spicata, para preparação de extratos aquosos, extratos de hidrodestilação (EHD) e
extratos de planta fresca (EPF), e avaliação das suas propriedades antioxidantes e
neuroprotetoras.
Os EHD apresentaram maior conteúdo em fenóis e flavonoides do que os EPF. O teste
de letalidade em A. salina revelou baixa toxicidade para os extratos. Os EHD
apresentaram maior potencial antioxidante para captar radicais livres, proteger a
oxidação lipídica e evitar a oxidação do ferro hémico. Os EHD revelaram também maior
atividade inibitória dos sistemas enzimáticos de catalases (CAT), glutationo
peroxidases (GPx), acetilcolinesterases (AChE) e butirilcolinesterases (BChE). Os EHD
destas plantas condimentares revelaram-se promissores no combate do stress
oxidativo, com potencial aplicação nas indústrias alimentar e/ou farmacêutica; Flavouring herbs Calamintha nepeta, Mentha cervina, Mentha pulegium
and Mentha spicata valorisation: nutraceutical potential of aqueous
extracts.
Abstract:
In this project, four aromatic and flavouring species of Lamiaceae family, Calamintha
nepeta, Mentha cervina, Mentha pulegium and Mentha spicata were selected to
prepare their aqueous extracts, hydrodistillation extracts (EHD) and fresh plant extracts
(EPF), to evaluate their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties.
Extracts were rich in bioactive compounds and EHD had higher phenol and flavonoid
content. A. salina lethality test showed low toxicity of extracts. EHD showed higher
antioxidant potential to scavenge free radicals, protect lipid oxidation and prevent the
hemic iron oxidation. EHD presented higher inhibitory activity of catalases (CAT),
glutathione peroxidases (GPx), acetylcholinesterases (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterases
(BChE) enzyme systems. Results showed that EHD from these flavouring herbs are
promising extracts against oxidative stress with potential application in the food and/or
pharmaceutical industries.
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Spicka, Kevin James. "Design and synthesis of fluorescent dyes for use in proteomic research." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/spicka/SpickaK0808.pdf.
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Proteomics is a rapidly developing field requiring powerful new technology in order to be able to detect proteins at increasingly lower concentrations. To aid in the detection of proteins at lower concentrations, DIGE dyes, a family of spectrally resolved fluorescent dyes, are currently available to proteomic researchers for 2D gel analysis. However, the demands of protein detection dictate that dyes that are even more sensitive and versatile be created. The syntheses of highly sensitive, water soluble BODIPY fluorophore dyes are described. These dyes are proposed to have the necessary sensitivity to allow for detection of proteins in much lower concentrations, providing an improvement over current protein detection limits. The BODIPY dyes that have been synthesized are available in a variety of absorbances and emissions. While fluorescent dyes that are amine-reactive are the most popular covalently binding protein labeling markers being used in today's proteomic research, thiol-reactive fluorescent markers are gaining importance in proteomic research. Since thiol residues are less common in proteins compared to their amine counterparts, saturation labeling and quantification are more easily achieved. The syntheses of sensitive thiol- reactive fluorescent dyes are described. These syntheses allow for quick generation of thiol-reactive fluorescent markers to be used in proteomic research.
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Merrill, Katherine Temus. "Apparent Competition with Bromus tectorum Through Pyrenophora semeniperda Reduces Establishment of Native Grasses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2956.
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Contributing to the success of Bromus tectorum in the Intermountain West may be a mechanism called apparent competition, which occurs when one species increases the pressure of a consumer on a second species. This indirect interaction has been documented only a few times in invasive plant systems, and never in a fungal pathosystem. We examined the effects of the invasive annual Bromus tectorum and predation by the seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda on seedling emergence and survival for two native grasses (Pseudoroegneria spicata and Elymus elymoides), by manipulating B. tectorum densities and P. semeniperda inoculum loads in randomized plots. Identical field studies were conducted in Skull Valley, Utah (xeric site) and Sprague, Washington (mesic site). The addition of inoculum decreased emergence of native grass seedlings at both sites and increased the amount of unemerged native seeds that were killed by P. semeniperda. Higher densities of B. tectorum decreased native grass survival at the mesic site and increased survival at the xeric site probably due to the beneficial effects of B. tectorum litter on soil moisture. At both sites, there were more B. tectorum seeds found in the seed banks in plots with high B. tectorum densities than in low-density plots. This indicates an increase in available prey for P. semeniperda. There was a much lower level of infection in B. tectorum seed bank seeds at the mesic site than at the xeric site. The high level of ungerminated native seeds killed by background levels of P. semeniperda, combined with the increase in available prey for the fungus in high-density B. tectorum plots, shows that apparent competition may play a role, along with direct competition, in the success of B. tectorum. This interaction is important to consider when dealing with control of B. tectorum.
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Peña, Jacqueline J. "Plant Evolutionary Response to Climate Change: Detecting Adaptation Across Experimental and Natural Precipitation Gradients." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7340.
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Global climate change is a real-time problem that presents threats to many species. Climate change can alter ecosystems and may lead to species extinction. Species can respond to climate change by moving to a better environment or adapting. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on several approaches and perspectives to anticipate ecological impacts of climate change. A common strategy uses models to understand how populations respond to different climate scenarios. Ecological models have helped usunderstand population persistence, but they often ignore how populations adapt to environmental stress. Adaptive evolution has been ignored because it was assumed that evolution was too slow to have any effect on ecology. Current research has shown that some populations are able to rapidly adapt to novel environments and this is essential for population persistence. We used a population genomics approach to understand how different precipitation regimes affect the perennial bunchgrass, Pseudoroegneria spicata, in the eastern Idaho sagebrush steppe. Our objective was to determine how genetic diversity changes under manipulated precipitation regimes and whether these changes were consistent with patterns of genetic diversity under natural precipitation regimes. The manipulated precipitation regimes consist of three precipitation treatments: control, drought with 50% ambient precipitation, and irrigation with 150% ambient precipitation. The natural precipitation regimes consist of two treatments: low elevation (drier than the experimental site) and high elevation (wetter). We collected plant tissue to isolate plant DNA and then used sequenced DNA for analyses. We used a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate genotypes and allele frequencies across all loci. We found that there were low levels of genetic variation across all experimental precipitation treatments. When examining genetic differentiation, we found there was stronger differentiation in the natural precipitation regimes. Our study focuses on the short-term responses to climate to understand how environmental stress influences genetic diversity.
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Johnsson, Anna, Amanda Blomberg, and Anna Glowacki. "Framtidens ledarskap i e-handelsföretag : En kvalitativ studie om ledarskap i e-handelsföretag tolkat genom ledarskapsmetaforer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76831.
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Det finns mycket forskning inom ledarskap då det är ett relevant fenomen att studera. Det finns dock inte mycket forskning kring hur ledarskap kommer till uttryck i e- handelsföretag. Vi ville, genom en kvalitativ studie, öka vår förståelse för hur ledarskap kommer till uttryck i e-handelsföretag. Detta gjorde vi genom användningen av ledarskapsmetaforer som ett tolkningsverktyg för att få en ökad förståelse för det komplexa fenomenet. Vi utförde fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer där ledare på tre e- handelsföretag fick berätta om sina erfarenheter, tolkningar och synsätt på ledarskap. Vi upptäckte att samtliga ledare hade en likartad syn på vilka egenskaper som är viktiga och att ledarskap kommer till uttryck på ett snarlikt sätt i de olika företagen. Vi fann även att våra intervjupersoners ledarskap kan tolkas med hjälp av två nya metaforer som uppkom under studiens gång.
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Morgan, Karina School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Evaluation of salinisation processes in the Spicers Creek catchment, central west region of New South Wales, Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24327.
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Spicers Creek catchment is located approximately 400 km west of Sydney in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. Dryland salinity has been recognised as a major environmental issue impacting soil and water resources in the Central West region of NSW for over 70 years. Due to the geological complexity of the catchment and the presence of high salt loads contained within the soils, groundwater and surface waters, the Spicers Creek catchment was identified as a large contributor of salinity to the Macquarie River catchment. Over fifty-two dryland salinity occurrences have been identified in the Spicers Creek catchment and it appears that dryland salinity is controlled by the presence of geological structures and permeability contrasts in the shallow aquifer system. Combinations of climatic, geological and agricultural factors are escalating salinity problems in the catchment. The main aim of this thesis was to identify the factors affecting salinisation processes in the Spicers Creek catchment. These include the role of geological structures, the source(s) of salts to the groundwater system and the geochemical processes influencing seepage zone development. To achieve these aims a multidisciplinary approach was untaken to understand the soils, geology, hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of the catchment. Investigative techniques employed in this project include the use of geophysics, soil chemistry, soil spectroscopy, hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotopes. Evaluation of high-resolution airborne magnetics data showed a major north-east to south-west trending shear zone. This structure dissects the catchment and several other minor faults were observed to be splays off this major structure. These structures were found to be conducive to groundwater flow and are influencing the groundwater chemistry in the fractured aquifer system. Two distinctive groundwater chemical types were identified in the catchment; the saline Na(Mg)-Cl-rich groundwaters associated with the fractured Oakdale Formation and the Na-HCO3-rich groundwaters associated with the intermediate groundwater system. The groundwater chemistry of other deep groundwaters in the catchment appears to be due to mixing between these end-member groundwaters within the fractured bedrock system. The spatial distribution of electrical conductivity, Cl-, Sr2+ and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios showed the correlation between saline groundwaters and the location of faults. Elevated salinities were associated with the location of two crosscutting fault zones. The spatial distribution of HCO3-, K+, Li+ and ?????3CDIC highlighted the extent of Na-HCO3-rich groundwaters in the catchment and showed that these groundwaters are mixing further east than previously envisaged. These findings show that Na(Mg)-Cl-rich groundwaters are geochemically distinctive and have evolved due to extensive water-rock interaction processes within the fracture zones of the Oakdale Formation. These saline groundwaters contain elevated concentrations of trace elements such as As, V and Se, which pose a potential risk for water resources in the area. 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios indicated that the source of salinity to the Na(Mg)-Cl-rich groundwaters was not purely from marine or aerosol input. Salt is most likely contributed from various allochthonous and autochthonous sources. This research found that the main mechanism controlling the formation of dryland salinity seepage zones in the Spicers Creek catchment is due to the presence of geological structures. These groundwater seepage zones act as mixing zones for rainfall recharge and deeper groundwaters. The main sources of salt to the seepage zones are from deeper Na(Mg)-Cl-rich groundwaters and rainfall accession. The major importance of this research highlights the need for an integrated approach for the use of various geoscientific techniques in dryland salinity research within geologically complex environments.
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Landeo, Villanueva Guillermo Ernesto. "Actividad inhibitoria de los aceites esenciales comerciales de Mentha spicata y Eucalyptus globulus sobre biopelículas de Streptococcus mutans en un modelo in vitro." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7652.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEvalúa la actividad inhibitoria de los aceites esenciales de Mentha spicata (hierba buena) y Eucalyptus globulus (eucalipto) de origen comercial sobre el desarrollo de biopelículas de Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 en un modelo in vitro, emulando las condiciones de la placa dental. La composición de los aceites esenciales (AE) se evaluó por Cromatografía de Gases acoplada a Espectrómetro de Masas (CG/EM) siendo los principales metabolitos el R-(–)-carvona (57,93%) y Llimoneno (12,907%) para Mentha spicata y el 1,8-cineol (eucaliptol) (65,83%) para Eucalyptus globulus. Se evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de los AE por los métodos de difusión en pozo de agar y microdilución colorimétrica. Los halos de inhibición fueron de 18,3 ± 0,47 mm y 27,0 ± 0,82 mm y los CMI de 1,8484 x 10-3 mg/mL y 1,9168 x 10-3 mg/mL, para los AE de Mentha spicata y Eucalyptus globulus respectivamente. La actividad frente a biopelículas se evaluó en un sustrato de piezas de esmalte dental bovino, empleando medio basal de mucina (BMM), en condiciones de anaerobiosis y ciclos diarios de exposición a la sacarosa, para emular las condiciones de la cavidad oral. Los AE se aplicarón a una concentración de 0,5% en un vehículo salino estéril con polisorbato 20 al 1%. Tras 72 horas de cultivo, se observó una reducción significativa (P <0,001%) en la biomasa de la biopelícula, evaluada por su turbidez en suspensión, y en el recuento de organismos recuperables respecto al control. Los efectos de ambos AE no resultaron significativamente distintos entre sí. Ambos AE presentan actividad antimicrobiana frente a S. mutans en cultivos planctónicos y de biopelícula, por lo que podría tener gran potencial para el desarrollo de productos farmacéuticos y sanitarios en el área de la salud oral.
Tesis
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Ferone, Jennifer. "Women and China Painting at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: An Analysis of the Influence of The Art Amateur and The Art Interchange." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1163640056.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, School of Family and Consumer Science: Clothing, Textiles, and Interiors, 2006."December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 08/20/2007) Advisor, Virginia Gunn; Faculty readers, Sandra Buckland, Teena Jennings-Rentenaar; Director, School of Family and Consumer Science, Richard Glotzer; Dean of the College, James M. Lynn; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Clarkson, Ross. "Community, time, and the art of self-destruction in the books of Jack Spicer." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9058.
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Jack Spicer's life and work was intimately bound up with a sense of community. His poetry workshop in 1957, his poetic companionship with Robin Blaser and Robert Duncan, and his involvement with young poets in the Bay Area, all point to a conception of poetry as community. It is, however, his relationship to past poets and the "tradition" of modern poetry that this thesis mainly focuses on. From the beginning to the end of my thesis, the problematic meaning of this tradition is explored. My thesis is that Spicer's poetry does not create a vision, or conception of community, but creates an instance of community. Time figures into Spicer's sense of community because it is by bringing the past to bear on the present that communities survive into the future, but also because an "experience of time" is shared and passed on by his poetry. This experience of time is, however, problematic for the self and its sense of identity. Time undermines the self-sameness of identity, and thus an art that exposes the self to time would be an "art of self-destruction." In a sense, the poet outlives his/her identity. The art of self-destruction, as I conceive it, is an art of survival, not an ode to suicide.
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Taylor, Justin Blake. "Deterring Rodent Seed Predation Using Seed-Coating Technologies." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9045.
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With many natural landscapes undergoing restoration efforts, there is a growing need for the optimization of direct seeding practices. Seeds planted on wildlands are often consumed by rodents leading to reduced plant establishment. Coating seeds in rodent aversive products may prevent seed predation. We tested ten seed-coating formulations containing products expected to deter rodents, namely: ghost and cayenne pepper powders; essential oils from bergamot, neem, and pine; methyl-nonyl-ketone, anthraquinone, activated carbon, beta-cyclodextrin and a blank coating containing no rodent deterrents to serve as a control treatment. Each treatment was applied to Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass) seeds. These seeds germinated similarly to uncoated control seeds unless the coating contained methyl-nonyl-ketone which reduced germination. Seeds were offered to Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) that strongly avoided the treatments in favor of uncoated control seeds. Notably, the blank coating, lacking active ingredients, still elicited 99% avoidance. However, these results indicated behavior when alternative food sources are readily available, a scenario rare in nature. To address this, a second feeding experiment was conducted to observe D. ordii's behavior under calorie-restricted conditions. D. ordii were subjected to a fast period and then offered only one treatment. Under these conditions, many subjects chose to consume coated seeds, but to a lesser degree than subjects offered control seeds. Seeds coated in ghost pepper, neem oil, and activated carbon reduced consumption by 47-50%. Given these lab results, we would expect these seed-coatings to increase the establishment of native seeds following the direct seeding of wildlands by deterring rodent seed-predation.
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ROCHA, MIER TERESITA. "Influence de pretraitements et des conditions de sechage sur la couleur et l'arome de la mentha (mentha spicata huds. ) et du basilic (ocimum basilicum)." Massy, ENSIA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EIAA0031.
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Ce travail porte sur l'influence des pretraitements et des conditions operatoires du sechage et sur la couleur et l'arome de la menthe et du basilic. La couleur a ete etudiee grace a la colorimetrie tristimulaire (l*, a*, b*) et a l'analyse des spectres de reflexion. Un dosage des pigments chlorophylliens a ete effectue par clhp couplee a la detection a barrettes de diodes. La quantite totale et la composition des huiles essentielles des deux plantes ont ete egalement etudiees. Enfin, les techniques connexionnistes multicouches ont ete appliquees dans le cas de la modelisation des effets des conditions de sechage sur les parametres colorimetriques (l*, a*, b*) et sur les courbes de sechage de la menthe. Les resultats obtenus confirment que la temperature est le facteur principal qui controle la vitesse de sechage. L'influence des autres conditions est faible et uniquement au debut du sechage. Dans le cas d'un blanchiment a la vapeur les vitesses de sechage sont multipliees par 5 pour la menthe et par 10 pour le basilic. Dans le cas d'un pretraitement avec de l'oleate d'ethyle la vitesse de sechage du basilic est multipliee par 14. Ces deux pretraitements permettent de conserver la couleur verte surtout a haute temperature. Le blanchiment a la vapeur protege particulierement la chlorophylle a. En ce qui concerne les aromes, le blanchiment est le principal responsable de la perte en monoterpenes et la temperature en celle en sesquiterpenes. L'effet combine des deux se limite aux seuls monoterpenes. Finalement, l'utilisation des reseaux de neurones montre que la qualite de la modelisation est similaire a d'autres
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Perrier, Séverine. "Climatologie de l'ozone, des poussières et des nuages dans l'atmosphère martienne d'après les mesures de l'instrument SPICAM sur Mars-Express." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066646.
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Chaufray, Jean-Yves. "Etude de l’exosphère de Mars et de l’échappement de l’eau : modélisation et analyse des données UV de SPICAM." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350117.
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L’exosphère d’une planète est la région supérieure de son atmosphère, là où les collisions entre les particules constituant l’atmosphère deviennent négligeables. Sur Mars, la compréhension des mécanismes de la formation de cette exosphère et de son rôle dans l’interaction avec le vent solaire est particulièrement importante pour caractériser l’échappement l’atmosphère et comprendre la disparition de l’eau liquide de la surface de Mars. Le principal travail effectué au cours de cette thèse a consisté à étudier le lien entre l’exosphère et l’échappement de l’eau dans les conditions solaires actuelles. Pour étudier cet échappement, un modèle décrivant la production d’oxygène chaud par recombinaison dissociative des ions O2+ a été développé. Ce modèle couplé à un modèle décrivant l’interaction du vent solaire avec l’atmosphère de Mars a permis de déterminer l’échappement d’oxygène dû aux principaux mécanismes d’érosion. Par ailleurs l’analyse des émissions exosphériques Lyman- de l’hydrogène et du triplet à 130. 4 nm de l’oxygène observées par l’instrument SPICAM à bord de la mission européenne Mars Express a permis de caractériser les couronnes d’oxygène et d’hydrogène et de déterminer le flux d’échappement d’hydrogène.
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Nikrouz, Ramin School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Three-dimensional (3D) three-component (3C) shallow seismic refraction surveys across a shear zone associated with dryland salinity at the Spicers Creek Catchment, New South Wales, Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20607.
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Dryland salinity occurs extensively throughout the Spicers Creek Catchment in central west New South Wales, Australia. The extent of dryland salinity in the Spicers Creek Catchment has severely altered the landscape, having major environmental implication. Large area of the catchments has experienced soil erosion resulting from the saline groundwater in the surface soil causing the destruction of clay and soil structure. The objective of this study was to use seismic refraction methods to map in detail a shear zone, which was associated with an area of major dryland salination. In particular, both the width of shear zone and the rock fabric within it were to be mapped with two both compressional (P) and shear (S) waves using a three-dimensional (3D) array of three- component (3C) receivers. The seismic data was recorded across a shear zone which is associated with salination in the Spicers Creek Catchment using the Australian National Seismic Imaging Resources (ANSIR) 360-trace system. Three-component (3C) geophones were used to record shear waves as well as compressional wave. An IVI minivibrator T-15000 was used as the main source of energy for the seismic survey. The results of the three-dimensional three-component seismic refraction surveys at the Spicers Creek Catchment show that the shear zone exhibit the seismic geophysical anomaly of a shear zone, existing as a narrow region with low seismic velocities and increased depth of weathering. A detailed analysis of the refractor seismic velocities and amplitude show a number of linear features parallel to and cross-cutting the shear zone. Linear features cut the shear zones at each site. They have been interpreted as a series of recent faults which act as discharge zone bringing saline groundwater to the surface.
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Santos, Ana Claudia Cabral dos. "Análise da estabilidade termo-oxidativa do biodiesel de soja na presença de antioxidantes naturais obtidos por diferentes técnicas de extração." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1800.
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Biodiesel is a fuel that can be obtained from renewable sources and due to its chemical composition is sensitive to oxidation. To increase their oxidative stability is necessary to add antioxidants, which are compounds capable of avoiding or delaying oxidation reactions and can be synthetic or natural, from the natural, we highlight a variety of plants with antioxidant activity, among them the mint (Mentha spicata L.) and Acerola (Malpighia glabra L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stability of biodiesel in the presence of natural antioxidants from extracts of Acerola and mint leaves obtained by conventional extraction and supercritical CO2 on temperature and various pressure using oxidative stability in Rancimat test, avaliou- is also the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ, to compare the results obtained with the use of the plant extracts. The effects of temperature and pressure on the yield and quality of the extract. The best induction times were obtained for biodiesel plus the supercritical extracts of Acerola 40 °C and 150 bar condition (1.38 h) and 60 °C and 250 bar (1.07 h) and the supercritical extract of mint conditions of 40 °C and 150 bar (1.08 h), 40 °C and 250 bar (1.71 h) and 60 °C and 250 bar (2.04 h) and soxhlet extract with hexane obtained from both acerola (2.84 h) and Mint (2.87 h), which showed greater induction time of the control (1.04 h). Biodiesel plus the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ got time higher induction to control and biodiesel plus extracts and from 36.95 hours. The oxidative stability of biodiesel was more increased when the extracts obtained by conventional extraction using Hexane as the solvent, which can be extracted from a larger quantity of compounds with antioxidant activity.
Biodiesel é um combustível que pode ser obtido de fontes renováveis e devido sua composição química é sensível à oxidação. Para aumentar sua estabilidade oxidativa é necessário acrescentar antioxidantes, que são compostos capazes de evitar ou retardar reações de oxidação e podem ser sintéticos ou naturais, dentre os naturais, destacam-se uma variedade de plantas com atividade antioxidante, dentre elas a Hortelã (Mentha spicata L.) e Acerola (Malpighia glabra L.). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade oxidativa do Biodiesel na presença de antioxidantes naturais dos extratos das folhas de Acerola e Hortelã obtidos por extração convencional e com CO2 supercrítico em condições de temperatura e pressão variadas, utilizando teste de estabilidade oxidativa em Rancimat, avaliou-se, também, o antioxidante sintético TBHQ, para comparar com os resultados obtidos com a utilização dos extratos das plantas. Foram avaliados os efeitos da temperatura e Pressão no rendimento e da qualidade do extrato. Os melhores tempos de indução obtidos foram para o Biodiesel acrescido dos extratos supercríticos da Acerola nas condições 40 °C e 150 bar (1,38 h) e 60 °C e 250 bar (1,07 h) e os extratos supercríticos da Hortelã nas condições de 40 °C e 150 bar (1,08 h), 40 °C e 250 bar (1,71 h) e 60 °C e 250 bar (2,04 h) e os extratos soxhlet obtidos com hexano, tanto da Acerola (2,84 h) quanto da Hortelã (2,87 h), que apresentaram tempo de indução maior que o controle (1,04 h). O Biodiesel acrescido do antioxidante sintético TBHQ obteve tempo de indução superior ao controle e ao biodiesel acrescidos dos extratos, sendo de 36,95 horas. A estabilidade oxidativa do Biodiesel foi superior quando acrescido dos extratos obtidos por extração convencional utilizando Hexano como solvente, que, pode ter extraído uma maior quantidade de compostos com atividade antioxidante.
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fält, Johan, and Jakob Katzman. "SPICA - ARISTO JÄMFÖRELSE studie av analysprogram med avseende på spånningskollaps i elektriska kraftsystem." Thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119789.
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Safe operation of a large synchronous power system as Nordel is not an easy task. There are several aspects to take into consideration. This thesis focuses on the problems due to voltage collapses in a transmission system. The ability to foresee an upcoming collapse is vital to maintain stable operation of the grid. The grid operator at Svenska Kraftnät (SvK) uses the computer program SPICA to predict the maximum transfer limit at specified transfer sections. SPICA uses actual states from the grid to predict the transfer limitation, and a quarter later a renewed estimate is produced and so on. This means that the operator can se his transfer limits vary every fifteen minutes. Our task in this project is to validate the accuracy of the limitations obtained by SPICA. The validation process was carried out as a comparison with another power system analyser, ARISTO. The latter program simulates transient stability as a function of time, and is a versatile tool in many aspects. Another objective of this project is to develop the two programs as we discover disparity. Our investigations carried out in the CIGRÉ Nordic 32 test system show that, the method of repeatedly updated load flows can in some extent be used to predict the limit of stable operation, in a transfer limiting point of view. Repeatedly investigations show that the prediction seems to be more accurate, the closer the actual point of operation, is to the physical transfer limit. Further investigations with ARISTO as a guide, we discovered that this behaviour depended on the way to express the reactance in the generator model, which in case of a net failure causes SPICA to produce a value some few percent too high. During the process we also discovered a couple of improvements of the software involved, which were immediately implemented by the system administrator. The continuous upgrades have led to an iterative process of the analysis. The project also involved production of a tool for converting network-databases between ARISTO-SPICA, This has been made by ordinary staff at SvK by our requirements.
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Chaufray, Jean-Yves. "Etude de l'exosphere de Mars et echappement de l'eau: Modelisation et analyse des donnees UV de SPICAM." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350117.
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L'exosphère d'une planète est la région supérieure de son atmosphère, là où les collisions entre les particules constituant l'atmosphère deviennent négligeables. Sur Mars, la compréhension des mécanismes de la formation de cette exosphère et de son rôle dans l'interaction avec le vent solaire est particulièrement importante pour caractériser l'échappement de l'atmosphère et comprendre la disparition de l'eau liquide en surface. Le principal travail effectué au cours de cette thèse a consisté à étudier le lien entre l'exosphère et l'échappement dans les conditions solaires actuelles et à caractériser cette exosphère à l'aide des observations de la raie Lyman-a et du triplet de l'oxygène à 130.4 nm obtenues par le spectromètre UV de SPICAM à bord de la mission Mars Express en orbite autour de Mars depuis le 25 décembre 2003. Après avoir présenté le contexte général du problème de la disparition de l'eau lié à l'évolution climatique de Mars dans le chapitre introductif, je présente dans le premier chapitre l'état des connaissances actuelles sur la haute atmosphère de Mars et sur l'interaction entre la haute atmosphère et le vent solaire. Dans le deuxième chapitre je présente une étude de la formation de l'exosphère d'oxygène martienne réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle 3D de type Monte Carlo et le couplage de cette exosphère avec un modèle hybride 3D de l'interaction du vent solaire avec Mars réalisé par R. Modolo et G.M. Chanteur du CETP. Ce couplage a permis, pour la première fois de déterminer, de façon consistante, l'échappement de l'atmosphère de Mars par les principaux mécanismes actuels et de montrer notamment que l'échappement actuel d'oxygène était dominé par l'échappement sous forme de neutres (jamais mesuré à ce jour). L'influence de l'expansion de la couronne sur l'échappement ionique et sur le criblage est aussi étudiée. L'extrapolation des taux d'érosion actuels nous permet de déterminer une limite inférieure à l'échappement d'oxygène sur les quatre derniers milliards d'années. Dans le troisième chapitre, je présente les émissions UV observées dans la haute atmosphère de Mars ainsi que le spectromètre UV de SPICAM à bord de la mission Mars Express. Dans ce chapitre, sont aussi détaillées, la méthode de traitement des données consistant notamment au retrait du courant d'obscurité, à la calibration absolue des données et à l'estimation de l'intensité des émissions exosphériques Lyman-a de l'hydrogène atomique à 121.6 nm et du triplet de l'oxygène (non résolu) à 130.4 nm ainsi que la reconstruction des lignes de visées de l'instrument. Le quatrième chapitre présente les deux modèles de transfert de rayonnement utilisés pour analyser les raies exosphériques observées par SPICAM : un modèle itératif avec redistribution complète en fréquence qui a été utilisé pour simuler la diffusion résonante des photons solaires par les atomes d'hydrogène de la haute atmosphère martienne ; un modèle Monte Carlo avec redistribution partielle en fréquence qui a été utilisé pour simuler la diffusion résonante des photons solaires ainsi que la diffusion résonante des photons émis suite à l'excitation des atomes d'oxygènes par l'impact des photo-électrons. Dans le cinquième chapitre, je présente l'analyse des quelques profils d'intensité de l'émission Lyman-a de l'hydrogène atomique observés par SPICAM comparés avec des 8 profils théoriques. Cette étude sensible à la calibration absolue de l'instrument montre qu'indépendamment de la calibration absolue de l'instrument une composante chaude d'hydrogène exosphérique est nécessaire pour reproduire les profils observés par SPICAM. L'importance de cette population chaude dont l'origine reste indéterminée diminue lorsque l'illumination solaire diminue. Cette population chaude joue un rôle majeur dans l'échappement de l'hydrogène actuel. Enfin dans le sixième et dernier chapitre, je présente l'analyse de quelques profils d'intensité de l'émission de l'oxygène atomique à 130.4 nm obtenus par SPICAM toujours en comparant les profils observés avec des profils théoriques. Dans cette étude on montre que l'excitation par l'impact des photoélectrons est négligeable devant l'excitation par les photons solaires dans la haute atmosphère de Mars et l'on en déduit la densité d'oxygène à l'exobase ainsi que le rapport de mélange [O]/[CO2] à 135 km particulièrement important pour caractériser l'équilibre thermique de la haute atmosphère. Là encore une population chaude (dont l'origine est connue) semble avoir une influence sur la température exosphérique estimée. Deux annexes présentent respectivement la méthode utilisée pour produire des profils thermiques théoriques de densité d'oxygène, d'hydrogène et de dioxyde de carbone dans l'exosphère de Mars (Annexe A) et dans la thermosphère de Mars (Annexe B).
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Massa, Dario [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerhards. "Investigations on herbicide resistance in Apera spica-venti populations / Dario Massa. Betreuer: Roland Gerhards." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027352812/34.
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Chaufray, Jean-Yves. "Etude de l'exosphère de Mars et de l'échappement de l'eau : modélisation et analyse des données UV de SPICAM." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811546.
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L'exosphère d'une planète est la région supérieure de son atmosphère, là où les collisions entre les particules constituant l'atmosphère deviennent négligeables. Sur Mars, la compréhension des mécanismes de la formation de cette exosphère et de son rôle dans l'interaction avec le vent solaire est particulièrement importante pour caractériser l'échappement l'atmosphère et comprendre la disparition de l'eau liquide de la surface de Mars. Le principal travail effectué au cours de cette thèse a consisté à étudier le lien entre l'exosphère et l'échappement de l'eau dans les conditions solaires actuelles. Pour étudier cet échappement, un modèle décrivant la production d'oxygène chaud par recombinaison dissociative des ions O2+ a été développé. Ce modèle couplé à un modèle décrivant l'interaction du vent solaire avec l'atmosphère de Mars a permis de déterminer l'échappement d'oxygène dû aux principaux mécanismes d'érosion. Par ailleurs l'analyse des émissions exosphériques Lyman- de l'hydrogène et du triplet à 130.4 nm de l'oxygène observées par l'instrument SPICAM à bord de la mission européenne Mars Express a permis de caractériser les couronnes d'oxygène et d'hydrogène et de déterminer le flux d'échappement d'hydrogène.
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Royer, Emilie. "Etude des émissions de monoxyde d'azote (NO), observées en ultraviolet par SPICAV / Venus Express, en mode d'occultation stellaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595054.
Full textAbstract:
Les émissions de monoxyde d'azote (NO) sont observables sur toutes les planètes telluriques entourées d'une atmosphère. Sur Vénus, ces émissions ont été identifiées en 1979. Elles sont classiquement observables dans l'ultraviolet, entre 180 et 300 nm, mais il est également possible de les détecter en infrarouge entre 1,2 et 1,3 μm. L'émission aéronomique du NO est due à un processus de recombinaison radiative se produisant du côté nuit de la planète. L'atmosphère de Vénus est composée essentiellement de CO2 et de N2 et côté jour, les radiations solaires cassent ces molécules et libèrent des atomes d'azote et d'oxygène. Dans la haute atmosphère, au-dessus de 100 km, les vents zonaux transportent ces atomes vers le côté nocturne où ils se recombinent pour former du NO et émettent alors un rayonnement ultraviolet. L'émission aéronomique du NO est ainsi un bon traceur de cette circulation sub-solaire/anti-solaire. La mission Venus Express, actuellement en orbite autour de Vénus, possède à son bord l'instrument SPICAV, un spectromètre capable d'observer les émissions de NO dans l'ultraviolet. Les travaux de cette thèse se basent sur les observations SPICAV réalisées en mode d'occultation stellaire. Ce jeu de données, sur lequel les émissions de NO apparaissent, permet d'agrandir la base de données sur cette émission aéronomique et permet une approche complémentaire des observations au limbe. Le travail a consisté à établir deux méthodes d'inversion de ces émissions de NO. La première méthode, appelée modèle direct, est une simulation de ce que nous devons observer avec SPICAV en occultation stellaire. La seconde méthode, nommée algorithme d'inversion, est une inversion matricielle des données. Chaque méthode aboutit aux caractéristiques de la couche de NO présente dans l'atmosphère de Vénus. Nos résultats permettent de mieux contraindre le contexte dynamique de l'atmosphère vénusienne, aux altitudes supérieures à 100 km.
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David, François. "Etude des detecteurs ccd et des chaines intensifiees de l'experience spicam abord de la mission spatiale mars 94." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066448.
Full textAbstract:
J'ai participe au developpement de l'instrument spicam dans son ensemble, au service d'aeronomie. Equipant la sonde mars 94, spicam doit principalement mesurer par occultation stellaire, la vapeur d'eau et l'ozone dans l'atmosphere de mars. J'ai notamment concu l'electronique et les logiciels d'un senseur stellaire qui sera utilise en tant que pointeur de la plate-forme de l'experience. D'autre part, j'ai teste et evalue les performances de deux chaines ccd. La premiere est refroidie et sert de camera de reference. La seconde, servant de camera d'etude, utilise des ccd nus et des ccd couples a des intensificateurs d'images par des fibres optiques. J'ai donc extrait les principales caracteristiques des ccd et des intensificateurs (bruit de lecture, gain de la chaine, homogeneite des pixels, etc. . . ). Dans le but de valider le couplage de ces chaines avec les spectrometres qui seront utilises sur la sonde, j'ai determine la reponse spectrale des ccd et des intensificateurs, ainsi que leur resolution spatiale. Enfin, apres des mesures dans certains modes operatoires des detecteurs (sommation analogique des lignes et des colonnes, variation du gain des amplificateurs, etc. . . ), j'ai obtenu avec l'ensemble de la maquette spicam, des spectres du soleil. Les intensites des raies ainsi que leur resolution, sont conformes aux objectifs de l'experience
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Wicek, Francois. "Caraterisation de l'experience spicam-etoile (spectro-imageur a detecteurs ccd embarque a bord de la mission spatiale mars-96)." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066723.
Full textAbstract:
Spicam-etoile est un spectro-imageur dedie a l'etude de l'atmosphere de mars par la methode des occultations stellaires. Linstrument est destine a etre embarque a bord de la sonde spatiale mars-96. Il se compose d'un telescope formant l'image de l'etoile sur l'entree d'un spectrometre a reseau tournant, qui permet de former l'image du spectre de l'etoile sur l'un des trois detecteurs ccd, nu pour la voie infrarouge, intensifies dans les domaines du visible et de l'ultraviolet. Un senseur stellaire, muni d'un detecteur ccd identique aux trois autres, permet de reperer l'etoile et de donner des instructions a la plate-forme de pointage sur laquelle est pose l'instrument pour indiquer la position du spectre de l'etoile sur chaque ccd du spectrometre. Le bon fonctionnement de l'instrument complet repose sur la fiabilite des mecanismes, sur la precision de positionnement du reseau tournant, sur le soin apporte a l'alimentation et a la conception des detecteurs. Les contraintes imposees par l'environnement spatial conduisent a recommander le choix de composants electroniques qualifies, mais pas toujours optimises en consommation ou en rapidite. La caracterisation des detecteurs nous a conduit a modifier la conception initiale, tant sur le plan du schema que du logiciel. Ainsi ameliorees la fiabilite et la linearite des chaines de detection, les essais de qualification de l'instrument complet ont demontre sa capacite a fonctionner correctement malgre les contraintes severes de l'environnement spatial.
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Rossi, Loïc. "Étude des nuages de Vénus par polarimétrie avec les données de l’instrument SPICAV-IR à bord de Venus Express." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS041V/document.
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Vénus, bien que de taille et de masse très similaire à la Terre, se révèle en fait un monde infernaloù la température de surface atteint 700 K et la pression s’élève à 92 bars. De plus, l’atmosphèreest principalement composée de dioxyde de carbone (à plus de 90 %). Bien que le corps solide aitune période de rotation très lente et rétrograde, l’atmosphère est elle en superrotation avec unepériode de quatre jours environ au sommet des nuages, avec des vents zonaux pouvant atteindre100 m/s. Observée dans le visible, Vénus ne laisse pas voir sa surface, cachée sous d’épais nuagesd’acide sulfurique qui couvrent en permanence l’intégralité de la planète. Ces nuages jouent unrôle très important dans l’atmosphère vénusienne car ils sont fondamentaux dans le bilan radiatifde la planète de par leur opacité et leur albédo élevé mais aussi dans les cycles chimiques denombreuses espèces, notamment celui du soufre.Arrivée en orbite en avril 2006, la mission européenne Venus Express avait pour objectif d’étudieren détail l’atmosphère de la planète. Parmi ses instruments se trouvait le spectromètre SPICAVdont le canal infrarouge permettait de mesurer le degré de polarisation linéaire de la lumièrediffusée par les nuages. Cette thèse vise à l’exploitation de données acquises par SPICAV-IR quia fonctionné jusqu’à la fin de la mission Venus Express en 2014. Nous présentons la planète Vénuset plus particulièrement les propriétés des nuages qui l’entourent. Nous nous intéresseronsà la polarisation produite par la diffusion de la lumière dans les nuages avant d’expliquer commentSPICAV-IR la mesure. Nous présentons notre modèle de transfert de rayonnement prenanten compte la polarisation et nous analyserons les gloires observées par SPICAV-IR afin de caractériserles propriétés des nuages. Enfin, nous nous intéresserons à la variabilité spatiale des brumessituées au dessus des nuagesVenus is quite similar to Earth in terms of mass and radius, but it appears to be a hellish planetwith surface temperature reaching 700 K and pressions up to 92 bars. The atmosphere is mostlycomposed of carbon dioxyde and despite a slow retrograde rotating solid body, the atmosphereis in superrotation with a period of about four days and zonal winds reaching 100 m/s at cloudtop level. In visible light, the surface is always hidden by thick decks of clouds mostly madeof sulfuric acid. These clouds are very important in venusian climate as they play a key role inthe radiative balance of the planet because of their opacity and their high albedo and also in thechemical cycles of sulfur especially.In orbit since 2006, the European space agency’s probe Venus Express had the objective tostudy the atmosphere and clouds of Venus. Amongst its instruments was the SPICAV spectrometerwhich infrared channel had the ability to measure the degree of linear polarisation fromthe light scattered by the clouds. This thesis aims to study these observations acquired by SPICAVIRuntil the end of the mission in 2014.We will introduce the planet Venus with a particular focuson the cloud layers. We will then cover the principles of the polarisation of light through scatteringby cloud particles before we introduce the measurement of polarization by our instrument.We also introduce the radiative transfer model taking into account polarization and apply it tothe observations of a phenomenon called glory which allows to characterize the properties of thecloud droplets. We will then invesigate the variability of the haze layers lying above the maincloud deck
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Willame, Yannick. "Aerosol and ozone retrieval in the Martian atmosphere using the SPICAM/UV instrument and algorithm preparation for future missions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219965.
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Mars is the fourth planet of the Solar System starting from the Sun. Compared to Earth, Mars has an atmosphere that is significantly thinner and undergoes also a seasonal cycle that is more marked. A Martian year lasts about two terrestrial years. One of the particularity of the Martian atmosphere is the continuous presence of an airborne dust layer.SPICAM is an instrument on board the Mars-Express satellite orbiting around Mars since the end of 2003. This instrument is divided in two modules: SPICAM/IR, a infrared spectrometer (1.0 - 1.7 µm) and SPICAM/UV, a spectrometer working in the ultraviolet range (106 - 317 nm). In this work, we have analysed the SPICAM/UV measurements that have been recorded in nadir viewing and in the spectral interval between 220 and 290 nm.The analysis of this spectral domain allows to study different species and constituents of the Martian atmosphere such as ozone, dust and ice clouds. In the frame of this work, we have developed a method capable of inverting the SPICAM spectra obtained in nadir viewing in order to simultaneously retrieve the integrated quantities of these different species i.e. the ozone total column, and the integrated optical depths of dust and ice clouds. The method is based on a radiative transfer code that allows to take into account the scattering of light by the different molecules and aerosols of the Martian atmosphere. The surface reflectivity is also considered and is retrieved in the cases where no ice clouds are present in the observed scenes, ice clouds reducing the sensitivity in the surface albedo. Therefore, a cloud detection algorithm has been developed and its results were compared with results obtained with other methods and instruments for validation.Our method has been used to invert the data measured by SPICAM/UV over more than four Martian years which allowed to obtain climatologies of the different studied species: the spatial and seasonal distributions of the ozone column, the optical depths of dust and ice clouds and also the surface albedo are presented in this work. These distributions are discussed and compared to those obtained in previous works obtained with other instruments.This work is also a preparation for the future measurement analysis of the NOMAD/UVIS, an instrument that will be on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter which is planned to be launched in the beginning of 2016. The algorithm developed in this thesis has also been used to assess performances of NOMAD/UVIS such as the detection limits of particular gases (O3, SO2 et NH3) and the values of the signal-to-noise ratio.Mars est la quatrième planète du Système Solaire en partant du Soleil. Comparée à la Terre, Mars se caractérise par une atmosphère significativement plus ténue, et possède également un cycle annuel des saisons plus marqué. Une année martienne dure environ deux années terrestres. Une des particularités de l'atmosphère de Mars réside en la présence persistante d'une couche de poussière en suspension.SPICAM est un instrument embarqué à bord du satellite Mars-Express qui orbite autour de Mars depuis fin 2003. Il comprend deux modules: SPICAM/IR, un spectromètre infrarouge (1.0 - 1.7 µm) et SPICAM/UV, un spectromètre opérant dans le domaine ultraviolet (106 - 317 nm). Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons analysé les mesures de SPICAM/UV obtenues en visée nadir dans l'intervalle spectral s'étendant de 220 à 290 nm.L'analyse de ce domaine spectral permet d'étudier différentes espèces ou constituants de l'atmosphère martienne telles que l'ozone, les poussières ainsi que les nuages de glace. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons développé une méthode capable d'inverser les spectres SPICAM/UV en visée nadir afin de restituer simultanément les quantités intégrées de ces différentes espèces, à savoir la colonne totale d'ozone ainsi que l'opacité intégrée des poussières et des nuages. Cette méthode est basée sur un code de transfert radiatif, permettant de tenir compte de la diffusion de la lumière par les particules en suspension dans l'atmosphère martienne. La réflectivité de la surface martienne est également étudiée et restituée pour les cas où aucun nuage n'est présent dans les scènes observées, les nuages réduisant la sensibilité en l'albédo de surface. Pour ce faire, un algorithme de détection des nuages a été développé et ses résultats ont été comparés avec les résultats obtenus par d'autres méthodes et instruments afin de le valider.Notre méthode d'inversion a été utilisée pour analyser les données recueillies par SPICAM/UV pendant plus de 4 années martiennes, permettant d'obtenir une climatologie des différentes espèces étudiées: des distributions spatiales et saisonnières de la colonne d'ozone, de l'opacité des poussières et nuages de glace ainsi que de l'albédo de surface sont présentées dans ce travail. Ces distributions sont discutées et comparées à celles obtenues dans des travaux antérieurs à l'aide d'autres instruments.Ce travail constitue également une préparation en vue de l'analyse des données de l'instrument NOMAD/UVIS, supervisé par l'IASB-BIRA, et qui sera lancé à bord de la sonde ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter en direction de Mars au début de l'année 2016. L'algorithme développé dans ce travail a notamment été utilisé pour l'estimation de performances de NOMAD/UVIS telles que les limites de détection de certains gaz (O3, SO2 et NH3) ou encore les valeurs du rapport de signal-sur-bruit.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Damasceno, Flaviana Cardoso. "Microextração em fase sólida no modo headspace aplicada ao estudo de substâncias voláteis de plantas infestadas por galhas foliares entomógenas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11832.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho foi verificada a eficiência da HS-SPME associada à GC/qMS como ferramenta capaz de detectar alterações no perfil de compostos voláteis de Schinus polygamus e Baccharis spicata. Estas alterações são provocadas por insetos herbívoros (cecidógenos) que utilizam as folhas destas plantas como local para se alimentarem e se reproduzirem e, como conseqüência, produzem alterações no tecido vegetal (galhas). Para este propósito foi usado, como fase extratora, o filme polimérico DVB-CAR-PDMS, que apresenta alta capacidade de extração. Na S. polygamus, tanto folhas sadias, como galhas apresentaram grande quantidade de n-heptano (> 38,2 %) e n-nonano (> 24,4 %), sendo que este não foi detectado no óleo hidrodestilado de folhas da mesma amostra. Nas galhas também foi constatada a presença de alguns mono- e sesquiterpenos não detectados nas folhas, sendo o a-pineno (17,6 %), um dos compostos majoritários. Foi também observado um acréscimo significativo na concentração do limoneno. Os compostos majoritários no headspace das folhas de B. spicata foram: 1-undeceno (17,8 %), limoneno (15,3 %), b-pineno (13,5 %), (E)-cariofileno (12,8 %) e g-muroleno (11,4 %), enquanto que nas galhas, os compostos majoritários foram o a-pineno (40,9 %) e o limoneno (19,1 %). O 1-undeceno não foi detectado no óleo hidrodestilado de folhas desta planta, enquanto que o espatulenol foi o composto majoritário deste óleo (34,3%), encontrando-se em baixas concentrações nos voláteis extraídos por HS-SPME. As diferenças constatadas na composição dos VOC de folhas e galhas nas espécies S. polygamus e B. spicata podem ser um fator indicativo de que a presença do cecidógeno estimula a biossíntese de alguns compostos, que podem apresentar algum tipo de função infoquímica. Evidências de diferenças qualitativas entre o óleo hidrodestilado das folhas sadias e o perfil dos compostos voláteis do headspace das mesmas também são um indicativo de que o emprego de temperaturas amenas na HS-SPME propicia a obtenção de um perfil de compostos voláteis mais próximo daquele da planta in vivo. O acesso a estas diferenças (qualitativas e quantitativas) só foi possível através do emprego da HS-SPME, o que evidencia o potencial desta técnica como ferramenta investigativa para compostos infoquímicos, abrindo horizontes para futuras pesquisas.HS-SPME coupled to GC/qMS was employed in this work as an efficient tool to verify differences in the volatile compounds composition of Schinus polygamus and Baccharis spicata leaves and galls. Plant volatile composition may be changed when herbivore insects (cecidógenos) use leaves as a site for reproduction and for feeding purposes. The action of those insects may resulting changes in plant tissue, which are called galls. The triple layer DVB-CAR-PDMS fiber was employed as sorbing phase, in order to achieve high efficiency in the extraction process. Galled and ungalled S. polygamus leaves presented high amount of n-heptane (> 38,2 %) and n-nonane (> 24,4 %), while n-heptane was not detected in the hydrodistilled oil of leaves of the same sample. The presence of a-pinene was observed only in galls, along with some other mono- and sesquiterpenes. Also, the amount of limonene was higher in galls than in ungalled leaves. Major compounds in the headspace of B. spicata leaves were: 1-undecene (17,8 %), limonene (15,3 %), b-pinene (13,5 %), (E)-caryophyllene (12,8 %) e g-muurolene (11,4 %), while in galls a-pinene (40,9 %) and limonene (19,1 %) were present in higher concentrations. One-undecene was not detected in the hydrodistilled oil of the leaves of this plant and spathulenol was the major compound of this oil (34,3%), being present in low concentrations in the chromatographic profile of HS-SPME. Differences found in the VOC composition of galls and ungalled leaves of S. polygamus e B. spicata may be an evidence of the cecidogene presence, which might stimulate the biosynthesis of some infochemical compounds. Qualitative differences between hydrodistilled oil and headspace chromatographic profile of the same sample indicates that HS-SPME mild temperatures provide a volatile compounds profile closer to that of in vivo plant. Approaching qualitative and quantitative differences in plant volatile compounds profile was made possible only through the use of HS-SPME. This fact highlights the potential of this technique as a research tool for infochemical compounds studies, and opens new horizons for future investigations of distinct plants.
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Cadillo, Méndez Jaime Orlando. "Prevalencia de enteroparasitosis frente al consumo cotidiano y dirigido de Mentha spicata L. "hierba buena" en el Centro Educativo No. 86282 Francisco Alegre Serrano de la ciudad de Carhuaz-Ancash, noviembre 2001." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1473.
Full textAbstract:
La parasitosis intestinal en países en vías de desarrollo, como el nuestro, es el resultado de las condiciones en la que vive el poblador rural, por la falta de conocimientos sobre los mecanismos de transmisión de los parásitos intestinales siendo un problema de salud pública en nuestro país.
El presente trabajo es una investigación realizada en escolares de educación primaria, pertenecientes al colegio N° 86282 “Francisco Alegre Serrano”, en el distrito de Yúngar, provincia de Carhuaz, departamento de Ancash durante el mes de noviembre del 2001; en el cual se han estudiado 116 escolares, 62 mujeres y 54 varones, cuyas edades fluctúan entre 4 a 15 años, que habitan en el mencionado distrito. Se ha empleado un estudio de tipo prospectivo, descriptivo y experimental de corte transversal para la determinación de enteroparasitosis frente al consumo cotidiano y dirigido de la Mentha spicata L. (Hierba buena); se ha utilizando previamente una encuesta Epidemiológica-Parasitológica.
Para el análisis parasitológico de las heces se utilizaron dos métodos: Método Directo y por Concentración de Faust así como la Técnica de Graham para Enterobius vermiculares. Se encontró que el 65.52%, de las 116 muestras examinadas eran positivas; siendo el grupo más afectado el de 7-12 años de edad. El protozoario Entamoeba coli fue el de mayor prevalencia con 34.68%; le siguen: Enterobius vermicularis, 26.61%; Ascaris lumbricoides, 13.70%; Hymenolepis nana, 11.29%; Giardia lamblia, 7.26%; Iodamoeba bütschlii, 3.23%; Endolimax nana, 2.42% y Trichuris trichiura, 0.81%.
El consumo cotidiano de Mentha spicata L. (Hierba buena) no tuvo significancia estadística en la disminución de la prevalencia de enteroparasitosis.
El consumo dirigido consistió en administrar un extracto de Mentha spicata L. (Hierba buena) a la muestra poblacional en estudio que resultaron positivos a parásitos intestinales, éste se realizó en 64 escolares, lográndose una curación del 88.46% de los que presentaron helmintos y 26.67% de los que presentaron protozoarios.The intestinal parasitosis in developing countries, as ours, is the result of the conditions in which the rural settler lives, by the lack of knowledge on the mechanisms of spread the intestinal parasites, being a problem of public health in our country. The present work is an investigation carried out in, students of elementary education at N° 86282 “Francisco Alegre Serrano” school in november 2001, in the district of Yúngar, province of Carhuaz, department of Ancash; in which 116 students have been studied, 62 women and 54 men, whose ages fluctuate among 4 to 15 years, that inhabit in the mentioned district. It was made a study of prospective, descriptive and experimental type of transversal cut to determine of enteroparasitosis from the daily and directed consume of the Mentha spicata L. (Hierba buena); previously using a Epidemiological-Parasitological survey. For the parasitological analysis of the sediments two methods were used: Direct method and concentration of Faust, as well as, the Technique of Graham for Enterobius vermicularis. It was found that the 65.52% of the 116 samples examined were positive; being the group of 7-12 years old, the most affected. The Entamoeba coli protozoon was the one with 34.68%, it continues: Enterobius vermicularis, 26.61%; Ascaris lumbricoides, 13.70%; Hymenolepis nana, 11.29%; Giardia lamblia, 7.26%; Iodamoeba bütschlii, 3.23%; Endolimax nana, 2.42% and Trichuris trichiura, 0.81%. The daily consume of Mentha spicata L. (Hierba buena) did not have statistical significance in the decrease of the prevalence of enteroparasitosis. The directed consume of administering an extract of Mentha spicata L. (Hierba buena) among a part of the sample population sample in study and that they turned out to be positive to intestinal parasite, this was carried out in 64 students, being achieved a healing of the 88.46% of those, that presented helminthes and 26.67% of those that presented protozoa.
Tesis
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Clenet, Antoine. "Préparation de la mission spatiale SPICA : développement d'une chaîne de contrôle et de lecture pour matrice de bolomètres supraconducteurs multiplexés en fréquence." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2475/.
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Après le succès des missions spatiales infrarouge de l'ESA Planck et Herschel (2009), le développement de détecteurs submillimétriques à très haute sensibilité en matrices de plusieurs milliers d'éléments est l'un des grands défis auxquels il faut apporter des solutions pour répondre aux besoins des missions scientifiques de l'astrophysique spatiale du futur comme le satellite SPICA (JAXA/ESA lancement potentiel pour 2026). Ce dernier permettra de nombreuses avancées spectaculaires dans la connaissance de l'Univers lointain. Il permettra, en particulier, d'observer l'émission infra-rouge des premières galaxies de l'Univers et des trous noirs qu'elles abritent en leur centre, de caractériser leur contenu en molécules complexes, et ainsi de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiques de leur formation et de leur évolution. Il permettra également de découvrir et caractériser de nouvelles exoplanètes. Dans le cadre du projet SPICA, l'IRAP est en charge du développement de l'unité de contrôle et de lecture (Detector Control Unit - DCU) de l'instrument européen SAFARI. Ce sous-système assure le contrôle et la lecture de 3500 détecteurs supraconducteurs TES (Transition Edge Sensors). Pour cela il assure le multiplexage en fréquence des détecteurs et linéarise la chaîne de détection. Le DCU traite les signaux, pour une partie de manière analogique (filtrage et amplification), mais surtout de manière numérique (filtrage numérique, contrôle d'asservissement,. . . ) pour extraire le signal scientifique des bolomètres. La première partie de mon travail de thèse a été de développer un modèle de co-simulation analogique et numérique de l'ensemble de la chaîne de détection de SAFARI pour valider l'architecture de l'électronique conçue à l'IRAP. En effet, la chaîne de détection de SAFARI est développée dans plusieurs laboratoires européens et de ce fait l'IRAP ne dispose pas d'un plan focal représentatif qui permettrait de valider le concept ainsi que les fonctionnalités du DCU. L'implémentation d'un modèle représentatif de l'ensemble de cette chaîne de détection dans mon simulateur m'a tout d'abord permis de valider le principe de lecture et d'asservissement mis au point pour SAFARI. J'ai donc participé aux développements et aux tests du DCU en utilisant ce modèle comme référence fonctionnelle. La seconde partie de cette thèse s'est orientée vers l'optimisation du DCU afin de diminuer sa consommation énergétique. Avec les ingénieurs de l'IRAP j'ai développé et mis en œuvre une nouvelle architecture numérique optimisée de l'électronique de lecture en accord avec les spécifications du DCU. Ces développements permettent de diviser la puissance consommée par un facteur 10 et réduisent d'environ 1/3 l'utilisation des ressources numériques. La troisième partie de mon travail a consisté à caractériser cette nouvelle architecture et à définir le protocole de calibration de la chaîne de lecture. La lecture de 3500 détecteurs requiert la configuration d'environ 21000 paramètres qui sont déterminés à partir de caractérisations qui doivent pouvoir être réalisées à bord. J'ai donc développé un ensemble de procédures automatisées pour la caractérisation de l'instrument. Ces procédures ont fait l'objet d'une campagne de tests au SRON (Pays-Bas) sur une chaîne de détection composée d'une matrice de 160 TES refroidis à 50 mK. Elles ont été validées et sont maintenant régulièrement utilisées lors des campagnes d'essais des détecteursAfter the success of ESA's infrared space mission, Planck and Herschel (2009), it is mandatory to develop new generation ultra-sensitive detector arrays to meet the science requirements of the future space missions such as SPICA (JAXA/ESA due to be launched in 2026). SPICA will allow many breakthroughs in our knowledge of the far Universe by observing the first galaxies and characterizing their chemical composition. Thus, it will provide a better understanding of the physical mechanisms that contributed to their formation and their evolution. In addition to that, it will allow the discovery and characterization of new exoplanets. In the context of SPICA, IRAP is developing the digital control unit (DCU) of the European instrument SAFARI to drive the frequency domain multiplexed readout of the kilo-pixel bolometer arrays. It consists in a digital electronics performing a massively parallel signal processing to manage the data of the 3500 bolometers. My first objective was to develop a co-simulation model of the entire SAFARI detection chain in order to validate the DCU concept developed at IRAP. The instrument is a complex and expensive instrument developed by a European consortium; IRAP does not have a representative focal plane to be used with the DCU. My model mimics the DCU. This part has been used as a functional reference during the development of the DCU firmware. It also includes a realistic model of the focal plane array. This has been used to validate the readout concept of SAFARI. My second objective was to optimize the digital readout and control electronics in order to reduce its power consumption. With the DCU team at IRAP I developed an optimized digital architecture to process the bolometers data. Thanks to this, we managed to reduce the dynamic power consumption of the circuit by a factor of 10, saving at the same time about 1/3 of the digital resources. My third objective was to define the calibration protocol for the readout chain. Indeed, the operation of the detection and readout chains needs to properly define more than 21000 parameters that must be determined onboard. I worked out an automatic procedure to set up these optimal values. It had been validated at SRON (Netherlands) and it is now regularly used during the test campaigns of bolometers and their front-end FDM readout electronics
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Dahlgren, Johan Petter. "Linking plant population dynamics to the local environment and forest succession." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8291.
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Linking environmental variation to population dynamics is necessary to understand and predict how the environment influences species abundances and distributions. I used demographic, environmental and trait data of forest herbs to study effects of spatial variation in environmental factors on populations as well as environmental change in terms of effects of forest succession on field layer plants. The results show that abundances of field layer species during forest succession are correlated with their functional traits; species with high specific leaf area increased more in abundance. I also found that soil nutrients affect vegetative and flowering phenology of the forest herb Actaea spicata. The effect of nutrients shows that a wider range of environmental factors than usually assumed can influence plant phenology. Moreover, local environmental factors affected also the demography of A. spicata through effects on vital rates. An abiotic factor, soil potassium affecting individual growth rate, was more important for population growth rate than seed predation, the most conspicuous biotic interaction in this system. Density independent changes in soil potassium during forest succession, and to a lesser extent plant population size dependent seed predation, were predicted to alter population growth rate, and thereby the abundance, of A. spicata over time. Because these environmental factors had effects on population projections, they can potentially influence the occupancy pattern of this species along successional gradients. I conclude that including deterministic, as opposed to stochastic, environmental change in demographic models enables assessments of the effects of processes such as succession, altered land-use, and climate change on population dynamics. Models explicitly incorporating environmental factors are useful for studying population dynamics in a realistic context, and to guide management of threatened species in changing environments.
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Kaiser, Yasmin [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerhards. "Integrated management, analysis of mechanisms and early detection of resistant populations of Alopecurus myosuroides HUDS. and Apera spica-venti L. Beauv. / Yasmin Kaiser. Betreuer: Roland Gerhards." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079271708/34.
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Oliveira, Fabrício Borges. "O ultra-som terapêutico adicionado à imobilização gessada nas propriedades mecânicas da reparação muscular pós-trauma por mecanismo de impacto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-29032006-110757/.
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Desenvolvemos um instrumento capaz de provocar uma lesão muscular aguda por mecanismo de impacto, no músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas, através de um trauma direto e não-invasivo. Após a produção da lesão experimental avaliamos os efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico (UST), adicionado ou não à imobilização gessada, como forma de tratamento imediato à lesão muscular pela análise das propriedades mecânicas deste músculo. Foram utilizadas 68 ratas da raça Wistar, sendo divididas em 7 grupos experimentais da seguinte forma: Grupo 1 Controle intacto; Grupo 2 Sem tratamento efetivo, Grupo 3 Imobilização gessada por 24 horas; Grupo 4 Imobilização gessada por 72 horas; Grupo 5 Estimulação com UST sem presença de imobilização; Grupo 6 Imobilização gessada por 24 horas associada à estimulação com UST; Grupo 7 Imobilização gessada por 72 horas associada à estimulação com UST tratadas durante 6 dias consecutivos com UST, durante 5 minutos diários. Avaliamos as propriedades mecânicas obtidas através de ensaios mecânicos de tração longitudinal e os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. O estudo evidenciou que a propriedade de alongamento no limite de proporcionalidade não foi um bom parâmetro de correlação para avaliar a efetividade dos tratamentos empregados junto ao processo de reparação muscular. A utilização isolada do UST como técnica de tratamento apresentou melhores resultados em relação às propriedades mecânicas de carga no limite de proporcionalidade, rigidez, resiliência, carga e alongamento máximo. No entanto, a utilização da imobilização gessada por 72 horas associada ou não a estimulação ultra-sônica foi capaz de proporcionar melhorias somente em relação ao alongamento máximo. Sugere-se ainda, que a utilização da imobilização gessada por períodos de 24 horas associada ou não ao uso do UST não foi capaz de apresentar resultados benéficos para as propriedades mecânicas avaliadasWe developed an instrument capable to provoke a muscular injury acute for impact mechanism, in the muscle gastrocnemius of female rats, through a direct and non-invasive. After the production of experimental injury we evaluate the effects of the therapeutic ultrasound (UST), added or not to the cast immobilization, as form of immediate treatment to the muscular injury, for the analysis of the mechanical properties of this muscle. Sixty eight female Wistar rats were used and being divided in seven experimental groups: Group 1 Intact Control; Group 2 Without treatment; Group 3 -Immobilization in spica cast for 24 hours; Group 4 - Immobilization in spica cast for 72 hours; Group 5 Stimulation with UST without immobilization presence; Group 6 - Immobilization in spica cast for 24 hours associated to the stimulation with UST and Group 7 - Immobilization in spica cast for 72 hours associated to the stimulation with UST, treated during six consecutive days with UST, for five minutes daily. We evaluted properties we carry through assays of logitudinal traction in the universal machine of assays and the gotten results had been analyzed statical test. The study it evidenced that the property of proportional limit strength in the was not a good parameter of correlation to evaluate the effectiveness of the employed treatments together to the process of muscular repairing. The isolated use of the UST as treatment technique presented better resulted in relation to the mechanical load properties in the proportional limits, stiffness, resilience, load and strength maximum. However, the use of the spica cast for periods of 72 hours associated or not ultrasound stimulation was not capable to only provide improvements in relation to the maximum strength. One still suggests, that the use of the spica cast in the immobilization for 24 hours periods associate or not to the use of the UST was not capable to present resulted beneficial for the evaluated mechanical properties
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CARTER, STEVEN MICHAEL. "EPISTEMOLOGICAL MODELS SHARED BY AMERICAN PROJECTIVIST POETRY AND QUANTUM PHYSICS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187927.
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The American Projectivist verse of Jack Spicer, Charles Olson, and Robert Duncan contains within its poetics many epistemological assumptions shared by quantum physics. These assumptions exist in three broad categories: perception, process, and wholeness. In physics, the epistemology of perception has been profoundly altered by the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, which creates a symbiotic relationship between the observer and the observed. At least one photon of light is necessary to observe an electron; one photon is sufficient to alter the electron's momentum or position; therefore, a physicist affects an electron's "fate" in the act of observing it. Similarly, in Projectivist poetics, the perceptions of the reader are often enlisted to help "compose" the poem which is offered to him in "pieces," or, as in Robert Duncan's poetry especially, in self-reflexive segments. By "self-reflexive," we further mean that the Projectivist poem often "mirrors itself" as an electron "mirrors itself" as wave or as particle, while it is paradoxically both. A Projectivist poem may pause halfway through and "unravel" itself, i.e., study its own etymology. The reader thus must participate in "putting the poem back together," as the physicist participates in the phenomena he observes. The second epistemological model in physics and poetry stresses becoming, rather than being. Matter at the subatomic level has been defined as energy-in-flux. Similarly, the Projectivist poems of Charles Olson especially often exist as "fields" with no syntactical beginnings or endings. Moreover, the "I" of the Maximus Poems is often seen in a perpetual process of becoming the world of spacetime in the poems, creating a system similar to the being-and-becoming model of particle-and-field in quantum mechanics. Third, wholeness is a premise governing poetry and physics separately and together. Jack Spicer's thematics blend matter and consciousness, as "love and death matter/Matter as wave and particle." Similarly, Robert Duncan's poetics describes a "dancing organization between personal and cosmic identity." In physics, wholeness is seen primarily in an "implicate order" which attempts to overturn the old paradigms of fragmentation and connect matter and consciousness, including language, as interrelated systems of information.
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Bounab, Ayoub. "Lecture bolométrique à haute sensibilité pour la cosmologie observationnelle et l'exploration de l'univers lointain." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30348.
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"Après le succès des missions spatiales infrarouge de l'ESA Planck et Herschel (2009), le développement des détecteurs submillimétriques pixellisés en matrices de plusieurs milliers d'éléments ayant une très haute sensibilité est l'un des grands défis auxquels nous devons apporter des solutions pour répondre aux be- soins des missions scientifiques de l'astrophysique spatiale du futur comme SPICA (JAXA/ESA lancement 2020) ou COrE (ESA lancement > 2025). Dans le cadre du programme " Cosmic Vision " de l'ESA, l'instrument SAFARI a été sélectionné pour une phase de pré-étude qui a débuté avec ce travail de thèse en 2007. SAFARI est un instrument européen pour le futur télescope spatial japonais SPICA dédié à l'observation dans le domaine infrarouge et submillimétrique. L'IRAP développe l'électronique de lecture des matrices de détecteurs de type supraconducteurs pour SAFARI. Le travail que j'ai réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse concerne la chaîne de lecture en multiplexage fréquentiel d'une matrice de bolomètres supraconducteurs Transi- tion Edge Sensor (TES). Dans ce système, plusieurs détecteurs sont alimentés et lus avec la même paire de fils électrique, chacun étant associé à un résonateur qui lui est spécifique et qui le couple à la composante fréquentielle qui lui est propre. Ce travail s'est développé sur deux axes complémentaires. Un premier axe a consisté à dimensionner et fabriquer une maquette pour un sys- tème de lecture numérique spatialisable. J'ai défini et validé la totalité de la chaîne de lecture de l'instrument SAFARI en partant de la partie froide (détecteurs TES et amplificateur SQUID) jusqu'à l'électronique chaude de lecture (traitement numé- rique du signal). Après des tests de co-simulation analogique-numérique, les algo- rithmes numériques ont été implémentés sur une carte FPGA bas bruit et validés avec un simulateur de SQUID analogique qui fonctionne à température ambiante. Le deuxième axe du travail concerne la mise en place d'un banc de test démons- trateur de SAFARI à l'université de Cardiff. J'ai participé au dimensionnement de la chaîne de mesure complète qui comprend d'une part l'interfaçage TES, SQUID, Ampli bas bruit et l'électronique de lecture, et d'autre part la gestion du logiciel de polarisation, de mesure et d'acquisition des données. Le fruit de cette collaboration (toujours en cours depuis environ un an) a permis de caractériser électriquement et optiquement les bolomètres TES prototypes avec le système que j'ai développé. Après calibration, nous avons mesuré une sensibilité de 2 × 10-18 W racine de Hertz que ce soit en utilisant notre électronique avec multiplexage fréquentiel ou une lecture directe. Cette sensibilité présente un gain d'un facteur 10 à 100 par rapport à la sensibilité des bolomètres utilisés actuellement, par exemple à bord des instruments des missions Herschel ou Planck. Les calculs et les premiers tests faits par ailleurs par nos collaborateurs à Cambridge, Cardiff et SRON montrent que l'objectif de 2 - 3 × 10-19 W racine de Hertz est atteignable. Les détecteurs TES et leurs électronique de lecture et d'asservissement multiplexée en fréquence ont donc été sélectionnés comme chaîne de détection pour l'instrument SAFARI à bord de SPICA lors de la revue de sélection des détecteurs qui s'est tenue vi au SRON à Groningen en Juin 2010 et qui mettait en compétition les systèmes de détecteurs proposés par quatre équipes différentes. "We present the design and performance of a digital circuit developed for frequency domain multiplexed (FDM) readout of arrays of high sensitivity su- perconducting Transition Edge Sensors (TES) in the SAFARI spectro-imager on the SPICA infrared telescope. SPICA is a collaborative JAXA-ESA mission due to be launched around 2020. SPICA detectors are organized in 24 readout channels. Each channel consists of up to 160 TES detectors coupled to a single Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) amplifier through individual LC filters which determine the AC readout frequency of each detector. The standard procedure to readout a SQUID current amplifier is by using negative feedback, thereby nulling its flux from which it derives its name : flux-locked loop (FLL). This circuit linearizes the sinusoidal SQUID response and enhances its rather limited dynamic range. The gain-bandwidth of a FLL is limited by the cable delay between SQUID amplifier and the warm electronics, which generates output and feedback for the FLL. The long cables on SPICA make a standard FLL unsuitable for for the feedback of signals modulated onto AC-carriers in the 1 - 3 MHz range. In our system, the required high gain at each carrier frequency is achieved by the correction for this delay using a digital Baseband feedback (BBFB) readout which monitors the amplitude of each carrier and synthesizes the correct wave phase to the SQUID feedback coil. The maximum achievable gain-bandwidth for BBFB depends on the spacing between the 160 carriers in each channel and has been designed such that it is sufficient for the rather slow detectors on SAFARI. We have integrated and tested BBFB with prototype of TES detectors and resonators. We have demonstrated a successful operation of BBFB with a single resonator and TES operating in its transition, the noise measurements are consistent with the expectation of 2 × 10-18 W root Hertz. The design has been made such that the sky backgrounds and telescope baffle dominate the sensitivity. The detector NEP requirement is set to 2 - 3 × 10-19 W root Hertz. Till now, the SAFARI TES team, led by the university of Cardiff and SRON have demonstrated a NEP of about 3 × 10-19 W root Hertz. Our readout system demonstrated the performances required to allow its selection for the SAFARI instrument