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Journal articles on the topic 'Spicara'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

MINOS, G., A. IMSIRIDOU, and G. KATSELIS. "Use of morphological differences for the identification of two picarel species Spicara flexuosa and Spicara maena (Pisces: Centracanthidae)." Mediterranean Marine Science 14, no. 3 (September 17, 2013): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.423.

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The recognition and identification of the two species of Spicara genus (Spicara flexuosa, picarel and Spicara maena, blotched picarel) is difficult, due to a systematic confusion until now. In the present work a number of external morphometric features (ten body ratios) are evaluated for their diagnostic possibilities. According to Principal Component Analysis results, the body ratios head length to standard length, head height to head length and the ratios of two body heights, indicated that these characters were not related to the maturity stage of the species. The discriminant analysis based on the above body ratios, indicated rather high level of discrimination (83.2%) of the examined samples in two species. The results are discussed, and possibilities of improvement in the identification methodology for the two species are proposed.

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2

Imsiridou, A., G. Minos, A. Gakopoulou, V. Katsares, T. Karidas, and G. Katselis. "Discrimination of two picarel species Spicara flexuosa and Spicara maena (Pisces: Centracanthidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences." Journal of Fish Biology 78, no. 1 (December 7, 2010): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02858.x.

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3

Arculeo, M., A. Mauro, G. Scelsa, S. Brutto, M. Cammarata, and N. Parrinello. "Protein differences among the Mediterranean species of the genus Spicara." Journal of Fish Biology 49, no. 6 (December 1996): 1317–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01798.x.

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4

Cengiz, Özgür. "Some reproductive characteristics of the blotched picarel Spicara maena (Perciformes: Centracanthidae) from Saros Bay, Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 54, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2019.54.2.1905.

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This study was carried out, monthly, in the Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey) between January 2015 and December 2015. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and absolute fecundity (Fa) of the blotched picarel (Spicara maena) were analyzed . The present study contributes to the reproductive biology of S. maena by reporting the first data about the fecundity of the species for the Aegean Sea

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5

Özbilgin, Hüseyin, Zafer Tosunoğlu, Adnan Tokaç, and Gülnur Metin. "Seasonal variation in the trawl codend selectivity of picarel (Spicare smaris)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 8 (July 27, 2007): 1569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm115.

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Abstract Özbilgin, H., Tosunoğlu, Z., Tokaç, A., and Metin, G. 2007. Seasonal variation in the trawl codend selectivity of picarel (Spicare smaris). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1569–1572. Seasonal selectivity of commercial 40 mm polyethylene codend was tested for picarel (Spicara smaris) in spring (4–18 April 2002), summer (10–25 July 2002), autumn (26 September–2 October 2002), and winter (22–23 January 2003) in the Aegean Sea. Data were collected using the covered codend technique and analysed using the logistic equation with the maximum likelihood method. Four sets of selection curves were analysed and compared using the model developed by Fryer (1991). Highest L50 is in autumn (13.82 cm; s.e. 0.62), when water temperature is highest and the fish are expected to be in their best condition after summer feeding. Lowest L50 is in spring (11.09 cm; s.e. 0.51), when water temperature is lowest and the fish are at their spawning stage. However, there is not sufficient evidence to say that the seasonal variation in the selectivity of 40 mm polyethylene codend for picarel is statistically significant (p > 0.05).

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6

Moravec, František, Gabriella Gaglio, Salvatore Giannetto, and Fabio Marino. "Philometra spicarae sp. n. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the abdominal cavity of the marine fish (picarel) Spicara smaris (Centracanthidae) off Sicily, Italy." Parasitology Research 107, no. 2 (April 29, 2010): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1877-z.

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7

Vidalis, K., and N. Tsimenidis. "Age determination and growth of picarel (Spicara smaris) from the Cretan continental shelf (Greece)." Fisheries Research 28, no. 4 (December 1996): 395–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(96)00488-2.

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8

Tosunoğlu, Zafer, Yeliz Doğanyilmaz Özbilgin, and Hüseyin Özbilgin. "Body shape and trawl cod end selectivity for nine commercial fish species." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 6 (December 2003): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403008737.

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This study investigates the catch components of a commercially used demersal trawl cod end in Izmir Bay, and reveals some of the morphological characteristics of nine commercial fish species; red mullet (Mullus barbatus), hake (Merluccius merluccius), whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus), poor cod (Trisopterus minutus capelanus), tub gurnard (Trigla lucerna), common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus), axillary sea bream (Pagellus acarne), picarel (Spicara smaris) and annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis) in relation to mesh size and shapes. Furthermore selectivity of 40-mm polyethylene netting cod end for red mullet, hake, common pandora, axillary sea bream, picarel and annular sea bream is presented. The results are discussed in a way to understand the probable effects of fish body shape on mesh selectivity.

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9

Karlou-Riga, Constantina, Dimitra Petza, and Konstantinos Ganias. "Sex change and oscillating growth pattern of the picarel (Spicara smaris) in the Saronikos Gulf (Greece)." Fishery Bulletin 116, no. 3-4 (October 22, 2018): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7755/fb.116.3-4.12.

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10

Cengiz, Özgür, and Şenol Paruğ. "Growth Parameters of Blotched Picarel (Spicara maena Linnaeus, 1758) From Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey)." Acta Natura et Scientia 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29329/actanatsci.2021.314.7.

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11

Culurgioni, Jacopo, Valeria D'Amico, and Vincenza Figus. "Metacercariae of Galactosomum lacteum (Jägerskiöld, 1896) Looss, 1899 (Heterophyidae) from marine teleosts in the Gulf of Cagliari (southern Sardinia, Italy)." Journal of Helminthology 81, no. 4 (December 2007): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07862912.

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AbstractGalactosomum lacteum (Jägerskiöld, 1896) Looss, 1899 metacercariae, encysted on the optic nerve, on the brain and/or on the muscle and the connective of the pharynx and oesophagus, were found in Spicara maena L., S. flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810, S. smaris L. (Centracanthidae), Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 (Gobiidae), Symphodus tinca L., S. mediterraneus L. (Labridae), Serranus cabrilla L. (Serranidae), Diplodus sargus L. and D. annularis L. (Sparidae) caught in the Gulf of Cagliari (southern Sardinia, Italy). Excysted specimens were identified by some distinctive morphological features: more or less expanded forebody, depending on whether the specimens were living or fixed; tubular excretory bladder extending to the posterior border of the ovary; two-chambered seminal vesicle; asymmetrical and parenchymatous ventral sucker with lines of spines within its cavity; and unarmed gonotyle. Comparison has been made with the congeneric species metacercaria, G. timondavidi Pearson & Prévot, 1971, also registered in the Mediterranean Sea.

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12

Karlou-Riga, Constantina, Dimitra Petza, Katerina Charitonidou, Panagiotis Anastopoulos, Dimitra-Stella Koulmpaloglou, and Kostas Ganias. "Ovarian dynamics in picarel (Spicara smaris, L., Sparidae) and implications for batch fecundity and spawning interval estimation." Journal of Sea Research 160-161 (May 2020): 101894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2020.101894.

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13

Dulčić, Jakov, Miro Kraljević, Branka Grbec, and Perica Cetinić. "Age, growth and mortality of blotched picarel Spicara maena L. (Pisces: Centracanthidae) in the eastern central Adriatic." Fisheries Research 48, no. 1 (August 2000): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(00)00112-0.

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14

Dulčić, J., A. Pallaoro, P. Cetinić, M. Kraljević, A. Soldo, and I. Jardas. "Age, growth and mortality of picarel, Spicara smaris L. (Pisces: Centracanthidae), from the eastern Adriatic (Croatian coast)." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 19, no. 1 (January 24, 2003): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00345.x.

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15

Tsangridis, A., and N. Filippousis. "Analysis of two models for picarel (Spicara smaris L.) growth using Schnute's micro-simplex nonlinear estimation procedure." Fisheries Research 20, no. 2-3 (August 1994): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)90082-5.

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16

KARADURMUŞ, Uğur, Dilek USTAOĞLU, and Mehmet AYDIN. "A new maximum length of the Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810 in the coastal waters of the Turkey." Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.937882.

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17

JUNTUNEN, T., A. C. TSIKLIRAS, S. MANTYNIEMI, and K. I. STERGIOU. "A Bayesian population model to estimate changes in the stock size in data poor cases using Mediterranean bogue (Boops boops) and picarel (Spicara smaris) as an example." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 3 (September 18, 2014): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.567.

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The paper presents an effort to build a biologically realistic, age structured Bayesian model for the stock assessment of data poor fisheries where only aggregated catch data is available. The model is built using prior information from other areas and ecologically or taxonomically similar species. The modeling approach is tested with data poor fisheries on the Cyclades islands in Greek archipelago. The two most important species in the area are selected: bogue (Boops boops) and picarel (Spicara smaris). Both are hermaphroditic. The only data available is the total catch from 1950 to 2010. Information was gathered about natural mortality, recruitment, growth, body size, fecundity, and sex ratio. There were significant problems in finding reliable prior information and a uniform prior was used for fishing mortality. The models at their present stage are not used to give management advice. The biological characteristics of the species in that area should be further studied. However, the posteriors of biological parameters reflect the best available knowledge on these species and they could be used in future studies or in simpler biomass dynamics models as priors.

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18

Flerova, E. A., and G. M. Chuyko. "Comparative characteristics of the ultrastructure of nephron cells in some species of pelagic, epibenthic, and demersal fish (the Karantinnaya Bay, the Black Sea)." Marine Biological Journal 6, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2021.06.2.07.

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The ultrastructure of the main sections of the mesonephros nephron in Black Sea teleost fish is studied. The species investigated are as follows: pelagic Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) and Chelon auratus (Risso, 1810); epibenthic Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810; and demersal Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758, and Mullus barbatus ponticus Essipov, 1927. It is shown that in Black Sea fish, which inhabit different depths and are under different conditions of environmental osmotic pressure, nephrons at the tissue level of organization have a single structure and form glomerular kidneys. Fish adaptability to the habitat at certain depths is primarily manifested in an increase in the number and size of mitochondria of all types of nephron epithelial cells. A decrease in the renal corpuscles area, the length of podocytes, and height of tubular epithelial cells, as well as the brush border length of type I proximal tubules is also recorded. Nephron cytological peculiarities of pelagic, epibenthic, and demersal fish characterize a high adaptive capacity of the mesonephros cellular structures.

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19

CENGİZ, Özgür. "An Observation About Maximum Size Record of Blotched Picarel (Spicara maena Linnaeus, 1758) from Northern Aegean Coasts of Turkey." Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33714/masteb.678829.

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20

Vidalis, Kosmas, George Markakis, and Nikolaos Tsimenides. "Discrimination between populations of picarel (Spicara smaris L., 1758) in the Aegean Sea, using multivariate analysis of phenetic characters." Fisheries Research 30, no. 3 (June 1997): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(96)00571-1.

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21

Saygılı, Burak, Ali İşmen, and Mukadder Arslan İhsanoğlu. "Age and growth of blotched picarel (Spicara maena Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sea of Marmara and Northern Aegean Sea." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 33, no. 2 (May 15, 2016): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2016.33.2.08.

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22

Ismen, Ali. "Growth, mortality and yield per recruit model of picarel (Spicara smaris L.) on the eastern Turkish Black Sea coast." Fisheries Research 22, no. 3-4 (March 1995): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(95)94955-p.

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23

Petrakis, G., and K. I. Stergiou. "Gill net selectivity for four fish species (Mullus barbatus, Pagellus erythrinus, Pagellus acarne and Spicara flexuosa) in Greek waters." Fisheries Research 27, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(96)00476-6.

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24

Benhamou, F., D. Marzoug, Z. Boutiba, A. Kostadinova, and A. Pérez-Del-Olmo. "Parasite communities in two sparid fishes from the western Mediterranean: a comparative analysis based on samples from three localities off the Algerian coast." Helminthologia 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helm-2017-0003.

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Summary We provide the first known comparative assessment of metazoan parasite communities in two taxonomically and ecologically related sparids, Boops boops and Spicara maena, that are common in the coastal infralittoral habitats in the Mediterranean. Using abundant data for infracommunities in three localities off the Algerian coasts of the Mediterranean, we tested the general prediction that the phylogenetic proximity of the two hosts, their overlapping geographical distribution and habitat occupation, as well as the similar feeding habits and diet would contribute to a homogenization of their parasite community composition and structure. The regional fauna of parasites of B. boops and S. maena along the Algerian coasts of the western Mediterranean was species-rich (36 species) and dominated by heteroxenous species (27 spp; of these 20 digenean spp.). The phylogenetic relatedness between the two hosts resulted in a large number of shared parasites (56 %, 20 spp.). However, the significant overlap in the parasite faunas of the two sparid hosts and their similar feeding habits and diet did not translate into homogeneous parasite community pattern; a significant differentiation in terms of both, composition and structure, was observed.

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25

Gladilina, E. V., and P. E. Gol’din. "New Prey Fishes in Diet of Black Sea Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (Mammalia, Cetacea)." Vestnik Zoologii 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2014-0009.

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Abstract We report 7 new prey fishes in diet of the Black Sea bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) and the first records of 9 prey items from their stomach contents: herring (Alosa sp.), sand smelt (Atherina sp.), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), picarel (Spicara flexuosa), Mediterranean sand eel (Gymnammodytes cicerellus), Atlantic stargazer (Uranoscopus scaber), garfish (Belone belone), gobies (Gobiidae indet.) and blennies (Blenniidae indet.). Th e Atlantic stargazer was recorded as a prey species for the common bottlenose dolphin for the first time. Th e horse mackerel and the picarel, formerly recorded in the diet of Mediterranean bottlenose dolphins, now were frequently found in the examined Black Sea dolphins. Th e list of prey fishes for Black Sea bottlenose dolphins now includes 23 items, with many small pelagic and demersal fishes, and it is similar to that of Mediterranean dolphins. Whiting (Merlangius merlangus) is still an important prey species, as 50-70 years ago, whereas turbot (Psetta maeotica), not recorded by us, could lose its importance due to population decline. As before, red mullet (Mullus barbatus) is recorded in winter feeding. Feeding on mullets (Mugilidae) is not a universal trait, and it is possibly restricted to local geographical areas.

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26

GIOGIOS, I., N. KALOGEROPOULOS, and K. GRIGORAKIS. "Volatile compounds of some popular Mediterranean seafood species." Mediterranean Marine Science 14, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.342.

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The volatile compounds of highly commercialised fresh Mediterranean seafood species, including seven fish (sand-smelt Atherina boyeri, picarel Spicara smaris, hake Merluccius merluccius, pilchard Sardina pilchardus, bogue Boobps boops, anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and striped-mullet Mullus barbatus), squid (Loligo vulgaris), shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) and mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), were evaluated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction and subsequent GC-MS analysis. A total of 298 volatile compounds were detected. The mussels contained the highest total concentration of volatile compounds, while pilchard among fish species contained the highest number and concentrations of volatile compounds. Individual patterns of volatile compounds have been distinguished. The fish species when compared to the shellfish species studied, contained 6 to 30 times more 1-penten-3-ol, higher quantities of 2-ethylfuran, and 2,3-pentanedione, which was absent from the shellfish species. Pilchard is characterized by a high concentration of alcohols, shrimps by the high presence of amines and S-compounds, while mussels by high amounts of aldehydes, furans, and N-containing compounds (pyridine, pyrazines and pyrrols). The fatty acid-originating carbonyl compounds in fish seem to be related to the species’ fat content.

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27

AYDIN, I. "Is natural bait type a stochastic process for size and condition of fishes in the recreational fishery of Ιzmir Bay?" Mediterranean Marine Science 12, no. 2 (September 14, 2011): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.39.

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Determining bait type might be one of the most important factors that influence the amount and size of the fish catch in marine recreational fishery. To this end, the relationships between two types of natural bait and catch per unit effort (CPUE), yield per unit effort (YPUE), fish size and condition (K=W/TL3) were evaluated in recreational fishery İzmir Bay (Middle Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey). The most abundant angling species in Turkish coasts; annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis), blotched picarel (Spicara flexuosa), two banded sea bream (Diplodus vulgaris) and bogue (Boops boops) were collected by anglers between September 2006 – February 2007 with using baits; onyx (Solen vagina), and sardine (Sardina pilchardus). The average CPUE and YPUE of hooks baited with onyx were significantly higher than the bait sardine. Eventhough the averages of specimens caught with bait sardine were bigger than onyx except for bogue but, total length-frequency distributions were revealed some differences only for annular sea bream and blotched picarel between two baits. High conditioned individuals of bogue were caught with bait sardine and the rest of the other species with onyx.

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28

Soldo, Alen. "Length-weight relationships for the fifty littoral and coastal marine fish species from the Eastern Adriatic Sea." Acta Adriatica 61, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.61.2.9.

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The length–weight relationship parameters are reported for the fifty littoral and coastal marine fish species from the Eastern Adriatic. Captures were made between the years 2004 and 2017 during sport fishing competitions. The parameters a and b of the equation W = aLb were estimated. The b values ranged from 2.1972 for Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758) to 3.7044 for Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810). The L-W relation for Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Gobius bucchichi Steindachner 1870, Gobius geniporus Valenciennes 1837 and Lipophrys trigloides (Valenciennes, 1836) are not available in FishBase and presents new data for these species. For some other species, such as Labrus mixtus Linnaeus 1758, there are only two relationships, but none from the Mediterranean, for Gobius paganellus Linnaeus 1758 only four relationships and none from Central and Eastern Mediterranean, while for Labrus merula Linnaeus 1758, Symphodus mediterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758), Symphodus roissali (Risso, 1810), Gobius cobitis Pallas 1814, Gobius cruentatus Gmelin 1789, Gobius niger Linnaeus 1758, Parablennius gatorugine (Linnaeus, 1758), Parablennius sanguinolentus (Pallas, 1814), Salaria pavo (Risso, 1810), and Bothus podas (Delaroche, 1809) very low number of relationships are presented and none from the Adriatic Sea.

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29

Zlatanos, Spiros, and Kostas Laskaridis. "Seasonal variation in the fatty acid composition of three Mediterranean fish – sardine (Sardina pilchardus), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) and picarel (Spicara smaris)." Food Chemistry 103, no. 3 (January 2007): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.013.

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30

Kalinda, Redempta S., and Naomi B. Rioba. "Phytochemical Analysis and Efficacy Of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) and Mint (Mentha Spicata) Extracts Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) on Baby Corn (Zea Mays)." Acta Chemica Malaysia 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acmy-2020-0011.

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AbstractFall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith) is a pest with devasting effects on maize. A laboratory biassay was conducted to analyse the phytochemicals and determine the efficacy of M. spicata and R. officinalis extracts on FAW. Treatments were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The factors included solvent [Methanol (Me), dichloromethane (DCM), distilled water (Di)] and the plant species (M. spicata and R. officinalis). Coragen SC 200 (Co) and Distilled water (Di) were the positive and negative controls, respectively. FAW rearing, plant extract preparation and phytochemical screening were done using standard procedure. Data collection and analysis was done using standard procedures. The extract yield was highest for R. officinalis regardless of the solvent used. Me-R. officinalis and Di-M. spicata extracts yielded the highest. Saponins, glycosides, alkaloid, flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoid contents were 7.9036 mg/mL and 6.0073 ± 0.6117 mg/mL in methanolic extract of M. spicata and R. officinalis, respectively. M. spicatha and R. officinalis extracts caused 100% mortality to 3rd instar larvae. Based on the findings, both M. spicata and R. officinalis have several secondary metabolites that confer insecticidal activity of the plants against FAW, hence should be evaluated under field conditions.

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31

KATSANEVAKIS, S., C. D. MARAVELIAS, and V. VASSILOPOULOU. "Otter trawls in Greece: Landing profiles and potential mιtiers." Mediterranean Marine Science 11, no. 1 (February 5, 2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.90.

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A fleet of 326 bottom trawlers operate in Greek Seas and their landings represent approximately 30% of the total fish production in Greece. In this study, otter trawl landings data were analyzed in order to identify potential métiers. Landings data between 2002 and 2006 were used, collected from 42 ports in the Aegean and East Ionian Sea. A three-step procedure was applied to identify potential métiers: the first step involved a factorial analysis of the log-transformed landings profiles, the second step a classification of the factorial coordinates, and the third step a further aggregation of clusters based on expert knowledge. In all, six potential métiers were identified in the Aegean Sea, and five in the Ionian Sea. The most important target species were European hake (Merluccius merluccius), deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), caramote prawn (Melicertus kerathurus), picarel (Spicara smaris), cephalopods, bogue (Boops boops), anglers (Lophiusspp.), and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Otter trawls in Greece use more or less the same gear with minor modification, and métier selection is basically reflected as a choice of geographical sub-area and hauling depth. The limitations of using landings profiles to identify métiers and the need for further verification are discussed.

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32

Heylen, Olivier C. G., Nicolas Debortoli, Jonathan Marescaux, and Jill K. Olofsson. "A Revised Phylogeny of the Mentha spicata Clade Reveals Cryptic Species." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040819.

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The genus Mentha is taxonomically and phylogenetically challenging due to complex genomes, polyploidization and an extensive historical nomenclature, potentially hiding cryptic taxa. A straightforward interpretation of phylogenetic relationships within the section Mentha is further hindered by dominant but outdated concepts on historically identified hybrid taxa. Mentha spicata is traditionally considered to be of hybrid origin, but the evidence for this is weak. Here, we aim to understand the phylogenetic relationships within the section Mentha using large sample sizes and to revisit the hybrid status and identity of M. spicata. We show that two of three traditional species in the subsection Spicatae are polyphyletic, as is the subsection as a whole, while the real number of cryptic species was underestimated. Compared to previous studies we present a fundamentally different phylogeny, with a basal split between M. spicata s.s. and M. longifolia s.s. Cluster analyses of morphological and genotypic data demonstrate that there is a dissociation between morphologically and genotypically defined groups of samples. We did not find any evidence that M. spicata is of hybrid origin, and we conclude its taxonomic status should be revised. The combination of genetic and phenotypic information is essential when evaluating hyperdiverse taxonomic groups.

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Kar, Sutrishna, Sangita Dey, and Paramjit Singh. "Epitypification of Festuca arundinacea (Poaceae)." Phytotaxa 195, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.1.8.

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The protologue of Festuca arundinacea Schreber (1771: 57) (Poaceae) is stated as ‘panicula spicata stricta, spiculis oblongis, erectis, paucifloris, aristatis, calycibus angustatis’ [panicle spicate, straight, spikelets oblong, erect, few flowered, aristate, calyx (i.e., lower glume) narrow]. Schreber (1771) took this polynomial from Gmelin (1747: 111) and cited Scheuchzer’s polynomial (1719: 266) in synonymy. Schreber (1771) did not mention any collections, but cited the illustration from Scheuchzer’s (1719) Agrostographia (p. 266, tab. V, fig. 18).

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Şalcioğlu, Asli, Chrysoula Gubili, Grigorios Krey, Serdar Sakinan, and Raşi̇t Bi̇lgi̇n. "Molecular characterization and phylogeography of Mediterranean picarels (Spicara flexuosa, S. maena and S. smaris) along the coasts of Turkey and the Eastern Mediterranean." Regional Studies in Marine Science 45 (June 2021): 101836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.101836.

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Türkmen, Aysun, Yalçın Tepe, and Mustafa Türkmen. "Metal Levels in Tissues of the European Anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758, and Picarel, Spicara smaris L., 1758, from Black, Marmara and Aegean Seas." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 80, no. 6 (April 23, 2008): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9429-2.

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Del Prete, Sonia, Silvia Bua, Fatmah Alasmary, Zeid AlOthman, Sylvie Tambutté, Didier Zoccola, Claudiu Supuran, and Clemente Capasso. "Comparison of the Sulfonamide Inhibition Profiles of the α-Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms (SpiCA1, SpiCA2 and SpiCA3) Encoded by the Genome of the Scleractinian Coral Stylophora pistillata." Marine Drugs 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17030146.

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The ubiquitous metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are responsible for the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate (HCO3−) and protons (H+). Bicarbonate may subsequently generate carbonate used in many functional activities by marine organisms. CAs play a crucial role in several physiological processes, e.g., respiration, inorganic carbon transport, intra and extra-cellular pH regulation, and bio-mineralization. Multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms exist in the organisms. Recently, 16 α-CA isoforms have been identified in the coral Stylophora pistillata. Here, we focalized the interest on three coral isoforms: SpiCA1 and SpiCA2, localized in the coral-calcifying cells; and SpiCA3, expressed in the cytoplasm of the coral cell layers. The three recombinant enzymes were heterologously expressed and investigated for their inhibition profiles with sulfonamides and sulfamates. The three coral CA isoforms differ significantly in their susceptibility to inhibition with sulfonamides. This study provides new insights into the coral physiology and the comprehension of molecular mechanisms involved in the bio-mineralization processes, since CAs interact with bicarbonate transporters, accelerating the trans-membrane bicarbonate movement and modulating the pH at both sides of the plasma membranes.

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Effrosynidis, Dimitrios, Athanassios Tsikliras, Avi Arampatzis, and Georgios Sylaios. "Species Distribution Modelling via Feature Engineering and Machine Learning for Pelagic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 13, 2020): 8900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248900.

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In this work a fish species distribution model (SDM) was developed, by merging species occurrence data with environmental layers, with the scope to produce high resolution habitability maps for the whole Mediterranean Sea. The final model is capable to predict the probability of occurrence of each fish species at any location in the Mediterranean Sea. Eight pelagic, commercial fish species were selected for this study namely Engraulis encrasicolus, Sardina pilchardus, Sardinella aurita, Scomber colias, Scomber scombrus, Spicara smaris, Thunnus thynnus and Xiphias gladius. The SDM environmental predictors were obtained from the databases of Copernicus Marine Environmental Service (CMEMS) and the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet). The probabilities of fish occurrence data in low resolution and with several gaps were obtained from Aquamaps (FAO Fishbase). Data pre-processing involved feature engineering to construct 6830 features, representing the distribution of several mean-monthly environmental variables, covering a time-span of 10 years. Feature selection with the ensemble Reciprocal Ranking method was used to rank the features according to their relative importance. This technique increased model’s performance by 34%. Ten machine learning algorithms were then applied and tested based on their overall performance per species. The XGBoost algorithm performed better and was used as the final model. Feature categories were explored, with neighbor-based, extreme values, monthly and surface ones contributing most to the model. Environmental variables like salinity, temperature, distance to coast, dissolved oxygen and nitrate were found the strongest ones in predicting the probability of occurrence for the above eight species.

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KOCHED, W. K., F. ALEMANY, S. BEN ISMAIL, R. BENMESSAOUD, Α. HATTOUR, and A. GARCIA. "Environmental conditions influencing the larval fish assemblage during summer in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia: South central Mediterranean)." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 3 (November 30, 2015): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1158.

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An oceanographic survey was carried out during the summer of 2009, from June 25 to July 3 in the Gulf of Gabes. The study area is characterized by a wide continental shelf.A plankton sampling scheme was carried out to study the structure of the larval fish assemblages that characterizes the surface mixed layer, and to assess the influence of the environmental parameters on their spatial distribution.A total of 36 taxa were identified, 3 classified to the level of genus, 5 to family and 28 to species. The majority of identified fish larvae belonged to demersal species, mainly picarel Spicara smaris (23.76% of the total larval fish abundance), followed by red mullet Mullus barbatus (14.92%) and several species of the Sparidae family (9.15%). Small pelagic species as Sardinella Sardinella aurita and European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus were also abundant (27.75 %) and dominated the fish larvae community in offshore stations. Five large pelagic species were found among the larvae, including bullet tuna Auxis rochei, Atlantic black skipjack Euthynnus alletteratus, albacore Thunnus alalunga, swordfish Xiphias gladius and the highly migratory Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus. All these apex predator species appear in 38.5% of the sampling stations and contribute about 7.9% of the total larval catches. The larval fish assemblage of the Gulf of Gabes is predominantly composed of neritic species in correspondence with the shallow depths of the study area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that larval distributions were mainly conditioned by depth. However, other factors, like hydrographic processes, play also a very important role in shaping the spatial pattern of larval fish distribution.

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Del Prete, Sonia, Silvia Bua, Didier Zoccola, Fatmah Alasmary, Zeid AlOthman, Linah Alqahtani, Nathalie Techer, Claudiu Supuran, Sylvie Tambutté, and Clemente Capasso. "Comparison of the Anion Inhibition Profiles of the α-CA Isoforms (SpiCA1, SpiCA2 and SpiCA3) from the Scleractinian Coral Stylophora pistillata." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 7 (July 21, 2018): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19072128.

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Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widespread metalloenzymes used by living organisms to accelerate the CO2 hydration/dehydration reaction at rates dramatically high compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. These enzymes have different isoforms and homologues and can be found in the form of cytoplasmic, secreted or membrane-bound proteins. CAs play a role in numerous physiological processes including biomineralization and symbiosis, as is the case in reef-building corals. Previously, molecular and biochemical data have been obtained at the molecular level in the branching coral Stylophora pistillata for two coral isoforms which differ significantly in their catalytic activity and susceptibility to inhibition with anions and sulfonamides. More recently it has been determined that the genome of S. pistillata encodes for 16 CAs. Here, we cloned, expressed, purified and characterized a novel α-CA, named SpiCA3, which is cytoplasmic and ubiquitously expressed in all the cell layers including the calcifying cells. SpiCA3 is the most effective CA among the coral isoforms investigated and the most efficient catalyst known up to date in Metazoa. We also investigated the inhibition profiles of SpiCA3 and compared it with those obtained for the two other isoforms in the presence of inorganic anions and other small molecules known to interfere with metalloenzymes. These results suggest that S. pistillata has adapted its CA isoforms to achieve the physiological functions in different physicochemical microenvironments.

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Tsangridis, A., and N. Filippousis. "Use of length-frequency data in the estimation of growth parameters of three Mediterranean fish species: bogue (Boops boops L.), picarel (Spicara smaris L.) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus L.)." Fisheries Research 12, no. 4 (December 1991): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(91)90013-6.

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Othman, Sara I., and Fouad H. Kamel. "In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mentha spicata Essential Oil against Some Pathogenic Bacteria." Polytechnic Journal 11, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n1y2021.pp13-15.

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Mentha spicata (M. spicata) is within family Lamiaceae that spreads mainly in the temperate and subtemperate zones of the world. It is considered as a good source of essential oils (EOs), which is widely used in food production and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the current study is to evaluate antibacterial activities associated with the EO of M. spicata cultivated in Iraq-Erbil city. The aerial parts of M. spicata were subjected to hydro distillation to extract the oil. Antimicrobial potential was tested against many microorganisms, signifying Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. EO of M. spicata demonstrated antimicrobial activities with best susceptibility observed for Gram-negative bacteria toward the oil. The results suggest that EO of M. spicata may have potential value as antibacterial activities.

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Khomova, T. V., S. D. Gusakova, and A. Nigmatullaev. "Lipids ofMentha spicata." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 33, no. 6 (November 1997): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02249628.

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Tonçer, Ö., and S. Kizil. "Determination of yield and yield components in wild thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) as influenced by development stages." Horticultural Science 32, No. 3 (November 23, 2011): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3773-hortsci.

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Thymbra spicata var. spicata, which grows wildly in the flora of Turkey, is known as thyme. A field trial was conducted to determine suitable harvesting time and cutting height for Thymbra, therefore plants in the trial were harvested at two cutting heights in various stages of development in the course of the growing season (pre-flowering, full-flowering and post-flowering). It was determined that the time of harvesting had a significant effect on herbage yields, oil percentage and oil yield. The highest drug leaf yield (3.107 t/ha) was obtained in the full-flowering stage with 10 cm cutting length, essential oil percentage ranged from 1.58 to 2.33%, the highest essential oil yield (70.7 l/ha) was obtained at the full-flowering stage with 10 cm cutting length. As a result of this study, harvesting in the full-flowering stage with 10 cm cutting height was the best treatment in respect of the yield of dry matter and oil for thyme (Thymbra spicata) cultivation.  

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UNAL, V., D. ACARLI, and A. GORDOA. "Characteristics of Marine Recreational Fishing in the anakkale Strait (Turkey)." Mediterranean Marine Science 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.79.

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The economic and harvest impacts of Marine Recreational Fishing (MRF) in Çanakkale Strait were analysed along with fishing policy, sociology and habits of fishers. Data sources included field survey data carried out along the entire length of the Çanakkale strait and policy information gathered from published sources. MRF policy is commendable, even in the fishing tourism sector, and is better developed than that in many other European countries. In Çanakkale, 9.9% of the population is recreational fishers. Recreational fishers are typically men (90%), primarily those between the ages of 25 and 49 yrs. The occupation of the recreational fishers ranged from self-employed (28%), students (28%), retired persons (22%) and public employees (15%), to currently-unemployed persons (7%). An analysis of diel behaviour showed that most recreational fishers preferred fishing during the day (56.1%), while the evening was the next most preferred time for fishing (18%), followed by the night-time (9.8%), while a substantial number of recreational fishers (16.1%) reported that they fished at any time of day. The most popular type of fishing was shore-based (68%), followed by boat-based (21%), and underwater fishing (11%). The mean daily fishing times were 6.07 h d-1, 6.18 h d-1 4.75 d-1 for boat-based, underwater and shore-based fishing, respectively. Summer and autumn were the preferred seasons for shore-based and underwater fishing, while autumn and winter were preferred for boat-based fishing. The highest Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) was observed for boat-based fishing (2.77 kg h-1), followed by underwater (0.97 kg h-1) and shore-based fishing (0.81 kg h-1). The catch composition included 51 species, though the catch composition of each fishing type was mostly comprised of only 3 or 4 species. The impact of the MRF harvest was high (30% of commercial fishing), particularly for bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and picarel (Spicara smaris) species. The economic impact of MRF was highly negative. Several indicators including the following revealed a high percentage of trading catch (47%) being conducted under the guise of a recreational label: annual fishing intensity, total costs, target species, and sales. At present, it is evident that the highly developed recreational fishing policy in Turkey is not sufficient to ensure that recreational fishing is sustainable or to prevent fishing conflicts in Turkey. This study revealed the need for establishing monitoring, control and surveillance programs to ensure the sustainability of fish resources and fisheries including MRF.

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López Soto, María Martina, Stephen D. Koch, María Flores-Cruz, and E. Mark Engleman. "Anatomía comparada de la lámina foliar del género Distichlis (Poaceae)." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 89 (October 1, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm89.2009.302.

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Se hizo un estudio anatómico-sistemático de seis especies y 11 variedades del género Distichlis Raf. Los taxa incluidos fueron: D. australis (Speg.) Villamil; D. humilis Phil.; D. palmeri (Vasey) Fassett ex I. M. Johnst.; D. scoparia (Nees ex Kunth) Arechav. var. erinacea (Beetle) Nicora, y var. scoparia; y D. spicata (L.) Greene, esta última representada por las siguientes ocho variedades: var. borealis (J. Presl) Beetle, var. divaricata Beetle, var. mendocina (Phil.) Hack., var. mexicana Beetle, var. nana Beetle, var. spicata, var. stolonifera Beetle y var. stricta (Torr.) Scribn. Se incluyeron dos taxa cuya información anatómica fue extraída de la literatura: Distichlis laxiflora Hack. y Distichlis spicata var. distichophylla (Michx.) Beetle. Se encontraron 14 caracteres anatómicos considerados de valor taxonómico, siete en corte transversal y siete en vista superficial de la epidermis abaxial. Distichlis australis y D. palmeri difieren claramente del resto de las especies. Distichlis humilis, D. scoparia y D. spicata forman un grupo anatómicamente homogéneo pero con características que las hacen distintivas a cada una. Para Distichlis spicata, no se encontró ningún carácter o combinación de caracteres anatómicos con los cuales pueda separarse en distintos grupos. Por esta razón, las especies, subespecies y/o variedades propuestas por algunos autores para esta entidad se consideran sinónimos de D. spicata.

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Ben Saad, Anouar, Ilhem Rjeibi, Hichem Alimi, Sana Ncib, Talel Bouhamda, and Nacim Zouari. "Protective effects ofMentha spicataagainst nicotine-induced toxicity in liver and erythrocytes of Wistar rats." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 1 (January 2018): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0144.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Mentha spicata supplementation against nicotine-induced oxidative damage in the liver and erythrocytes of Wistar rats. Bioactive substances were determined by liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each: a normal control group, a nicotine-treated group (1 mg/kg), a group receiving M. spicata extract (100 mg/kg), and a group receiving both M. spicata extract (100 mg/kg) and nicotine (1 mg/kg). Many phenolic acids were identified in the M. spicata aqueous extract. After 2 months of treatment, nicotine induced an increase in the level of white blood cells and a marked decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and haematocrit. Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were also found to be higher in nicotine-treated group than those of the control group. Furthermore, nicotine-treated rats exhibited oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities and an increase in lipid peroxidation level in liver and erythrocytes. Interestingly, the oral administration of M. spicata extract by nicotine-treated rats alleviated such disturbances. M. spicata contained bioactive compounds that possess important antioxidant potential and protected liver and erythrocytes against nicotine-induced damage.

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Santos, Jymmys Lopes dos, Silvan Silva de Araújo, Ana Mara de Oliveira e. Silva, Clésio Andrade Lima, Lúcio Marques Vieira Souza, Rôas Araújo Costa, Felipe José Aidar Martins, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli, Charles dos Santos Estevam, and Anderson Carlos Marçal. "Ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Coutoubea spicata attenuate hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and muscle damage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats subjected to resistance exercise training program." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 4 (April 2020): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0331.

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Gentianaceae family (such as Coutoubea spicata) contains iridoids and flavonoids with antidiabetic properties. However, there is no information available about the antidiabetic effects of C. spicata when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). This study evaluated the effects of the ethanolic extract (EE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of C. spicata on biochemical markers, muscle damage, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats submitted to RET. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were distributed into 4 groups (each group, n = 8) treated with distilled water (TD), EE, EAF, or metformin and submitted to RET. Two groups without the disease (each group, n = 8) (sedentary control and trained control), as well as a sedentary diabetic group (n = 8) were included. Body weight and glycemia were evaluated weekly. After 30 days, lipid/lipoprotein profile, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, muscle damage ((creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (SH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were evaluated. MDA and SH for pancreas, liver, heart, and muscle were evaluated. C. spicata extract and fraction combined with RET recovered body weight and reduced glycemia, muscle damage (CK: 36.83% and 21.45%; LDH: 49.83% and 68.55%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (70.63%; 59.18%) and improved redox status (MDA: 50.33%, 39.74%; and SH: 53.97%; 76.41%), respectively, when compared with the TD group. C. spicata plus RET promoted anti-hyperglycemic, lipid-reducing, and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats. Novelty C. spicata presents anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering effects potentiated by RET. C. spicata reduces muscle injury and increases antioxidant defense.

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Rosenfeld, Sebastián, Fabio Mendez, Martha S. Calderon, Francisco Bahamonde, Juan Pablo Rodríguez, Jaime Ojeda, Johanna Marambio, Matthias Gorny, and Andrés Mansilla. "A new record of kelp Lessonia spicata (Suhr) Santelices in the Sub-Antarctic Channels: implications for the conservation of the “huiro negro” in the Chilean coast." PeerJ 7 (September 19, 2019): e7610. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7610.

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The Katalalixar National Reserve (KNR) lies in an isolated marine protected area of Magellan Sub-Antarctic channels, which represent an important area for marine biodiversity and macroalgal conservation. The present study is the first report of the species Lessonia spicata, “huiro negro”, in the Magellan Sub-Antarctic channels. This finding has implications for macroalgal biogeography and conservation concerns in the Chilean coast. In the ecological assessments of the KNR in 2018 we found populations of L. spicata, specifically on rocky shores of Torpedo Island and Castillo Channel. The morphological identification and molecular phylogeny based on nuclear (ITS1) sequences revealed that these populations of Lessonia are within the lineage of L. spicata of central Chile. This report increases the species richness of kelps for the Magellan Sub-Antarctic Channels from two to three confirmed species (L. flavicans, L. searlesiana and L. spicata), and it also extends the southern distribution range of L. spicata. This species has high harvest demand and is moving towards southern Chile; thus, these populations should be considered as essential for macroalgal conservation in high latitudes of South America.

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Bennett, B. A., and S. Withers. "Spiked Saxifrage, Saxifraga spicata, Rediscovered in Canada After 110 Years." Canadian Field-Naturalist 124, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i1.1031.

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Saxifraga spicata (Micranthes spicata (D. Don) Small), a large perennial showy saxifrage endemic to the unglaciated regions of Alaska and Yukon, was rediscovered after not having been seen in Canada for 110 years.

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Bonatto, Sionei R., and Luciane Marinoni. "Gêneros e espécies novos de Mesembrinellinae (Diptera, Calliphoridae) da Costa Rica e Venezuela." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22, no. 4 (December 2005): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000400012.

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São descritos os seguintes novos táxons: Henriquella gen. nov. (espécie-tipo Mesembrinella spicata da Costa Rica, La Suiza), Giovanella gen. nov. com Giovanella bolivar sp. nov. (espécie-tipo) da Venezuela, Bolivar e Huascaromusca lara sp. nov. da Venezuela, Lara. Mesembrinella spicata Aldrich, 1925 anteriormente considerada como sinonímo de Calliphora xanthorrhina Bigot, 1887, é restabelecida e transferida para Henriquella gen. nov., tornando-se Henriquella spicata (Aldrich, 1925) sp. rev., comb. nov. Ilustrações dos holótipos, incluindo as respectivas terminálias, também são fornecidas.

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