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Journal articles on the topic 'Spice plant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Bhuiyan, MAH, MB Banu, and M. Rahman. "Assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal association in some fruit and spice plants of Rangamati hill district." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 2 (June 7, 2017): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i2.32810.

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Rhizosphere soils of some fruit and spice plants from the Hill Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Raikhali, Rangamati were collected during 2011-12 and 2012-13 for counting Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) spore population, determining colonization (%) in their roots and studying AM structure. Assessment of spore population was done by following the Wet Sieving and Decanting Method. The percentage of AM infection was estimated by root slide technique. The spore number of 100g rhizosphere soil was recorded ranging from 120 in rhizosphere soil of Malta plant to a maximum of 410 in Atafal and Sofeda plants during 2011-12 and from 75 in rhizosphere soil of Phalsa plant to a maximum of 327 in Amlaki plant during 2012-13. Different fruit and spice plants showed different percentages of root colonization by AM fungi. Among the fruit and spice plants, the highest colonization (40%) was found in Jabotica, Phalsa and Sofeda plant, and the lowest colonization (6.6%) was found in Rambutan plant during 2011-12, but in 2012-13 the highest (61.3%) was result was observed in Bilatigab plant and the lowest (18.7%) was in Misti lebu, Malta and Tetul plant. The AM fungal structure in the root system of the selected fruit and spice plants varied in irrespective of fruit and spice species. Some plants had vesicles. Hyphae were present in most of the plants. Some plant species recorded Arbuscules. Both oval and spherical shape vesicles were found in this study.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(2): 221-232, June 2017
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2

Tang, Dingzhong, and Jian‐Min Zhou. "PEPR s spice up plant immunity." EMBO Journal 35, no. 1 (December 2, 2015): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.201593434.

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3

Shapiro, Martin, B. Merle Shepard, and Rolando Lopez. "Effect of Spices upon the Activity of the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Nucleopolyhedrovirus." Journal of Entomological Science 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.1.84.

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The ability of host plants to influence the incidence and severity of diseases in insects has been known for more than 20 yrs and may play a critical role in the efficacy of insect pathogens, including viruses. In this study, we investigated the effects of 35 spices from 15 plant families, on the activity of the gypsy moth nucleo- polyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) infecting the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). The activity of LdMNPV was not affected in 29 different virus/spice combinations, whereas six virus/spice combinations (NPV/cayenne, NPV/curry, NPV/dill, NPV/nutmeg, NPV/paprika and NPV/tarragon) enhanced activity of the virus against gypsy moth larvae. These findings indicate that several of these spices may be useful as viral enhancers and should be further investigated to obtain more efficacious formulations for the control of agriculturally important insect pests.
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Morabad, Rajeshwari B., and Sharangouda J. Patil. "ELEMENTAL PROFILE ANALYSIS OF SOME INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL SPICE PLANTS OF, BELLARI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA USING AAS TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i1.16609.

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Objective: Karnataka (India) is the darling child of nature where about 722 medicinal plants are available. Ions of different metal elements have an important role in both the reactions. Few elements are essential to the body as nutrients called minerals. Present study deals with trace element analysis was carried out in Ballari district, Karnataka, India.Methods: 0.25g each of the powdered medicinal plant spice seeds samples digested in 6.5 ml of acid solution to study the trace element like Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr in Coriander seeds, Ajwain seeds, Pepper seeds, Cumin seeds and Sweet cumin seeds at ppm levels were figured out by using AAS analysis.Results: Analysed trace mineral contents of these spice plants resulted highest level of Manganese is 1.92 ppm, Ferrous is 3.69 ppm and in Chromium is 0.0980 ppm in Ajwain seeds, Copper is 0.42 ppm in Coriander seeds, Zinc is 3.02 ppm and Cadmium is 0.0070 ppm in Sweet cumin seeds and lowest were found Mn is 0.65 ppm, Fe is 2.43 ppm in Coriander seeds, Cu is 0.15 ppm in Cumin seeds, Zn is 1.64 ppm in Pepper seeds, Cd is 0.0018 in Ajwain seeds and Cr is 0.0669 ppm in Sweet cumin seeds were studied in (n=3 ppm) all the sample selected spice seeds by AAS and suggests that the monitoring of trace elements in these medicinal plants does not exceed the limiting values set by World Health Organization to use it as a medicinal application.Conclusion: These Indian traditional medicinal spice plants can be safely used for food and medicinal purposes.Keywords: Medicinal Plants, Spices, AAS, Trace elements, Microelements
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5

Parveen, Iffat, Natascha Techen, and Ikhlas Khan. "Identification of Species in the Aromatic Spice Family Apiaceae Using DNA Mini-barcodes." Planta Medica 85, no. 02 (July 31, 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0664-0947.

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AbstractThe species of the aromatic plant family Apiaceae are mainly used as spices and foods, but the family also includes medicinal and some poisonous plant species. Due to the similar chemical compounds or aroma and morphology, the poisonous species are often mistaken for the edible aromatic species. It is therefore imperative to correctly identify the species present at the initial raw stage samples to ensure product safety and efficacy. At the molecular level, plant species can be identified using DNA loci either from nuclear or plastid genome with easily available universal oligonucleotides, a technique called DNA barcoding. However, this is possible when single-species plant material is present but may not work on a mixture of plants species. Another disadvantage is that using universal oligonucleotides is of limited help, especially if the adulterating material is present in low quantities. On the other hand, if using the species-specific oligonucleotides, only single specific adulterating plant material could be detected and, consequently, the unexpected adulterants may go undetected. Therefore, in the current work, four degenerated oligonucleotides from ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the nuclear genome were designed that can bind to a variety of Apiaceae genera only and not to other genera belonging to different plant families. These family-specific oligonucleotides were able to amplify a diagnostic PCR product from 16 Apiaceae species that, upon sequencing, revealed the identity of the plant it was derived from. The size of these products is around 140 bp for ITS1 and approximately 80 bp for the ITS2 region. The size range of the amplified products falls in the category of a desired mini-barcode size to be used for damaged/fragmented DNA and next generation sequencing.
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Aggarwal, Bharat B., Michelle E. Van Kuiken, Laxmi H. Iyer, Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar, and Bokyung Sung. "Molecular Targets of Nutraceuticals Derived from Dietary Spices: Potential Role in Suppression of Inflammation and Tumorigenesis." Experimental Biology and Medicine 234, no. 8 (August 2009): 825–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/0902-mr-78.

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Despite the fact cancer is primarily a preventable disease, recent statistics indicate cancer will become the number one killer worldwide in 2010. Since certain cancers are more prevalent in the people of some countries than others, suggests the role of lifestyle. For instance cancer incidence among people from the Indian subcontinent, where most spices are consumed, is much lower than that in the Western World. Spices have been consumed for centuries for a variety of purposes—as flavoring agents, colorants, and preservatives. However, there is increasing evidence for the importance of plant-based foods in regular diet to lowering the risk of most chronic diseases, so spices are now emerging as more than just flavor aids, but as agents that can not only prevent but may even treat disease. In this article, we discuss the role of 41 common dietary spices with over 182 spice-derived nutraceuticals for their effects against different stages of tumorigenesis. Besides suppressing inflammatory pathways, spice-derived nutraceuticals can suppress survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. We discuss how spice-derived nutraceuticals mediate such diverse effects and what their molecular targets are. Overall our review suggests “adding spice to your life” may serve as a healthy and delicious way to ward off cancer and other chronic diseases.
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Śmiechowska, Maria, Joanna Newerli-Guz, and Magdalena Skotnicka. "Spices and Seasoning Mixes in European Union—Innovations and Ensuring Safety." Foods 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102289.

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Spices are an important group of food products of great importance in nutrition and food technology. They are mainly used to shape the sensory properties of food in gastronomy, in home cooking, and in industry. Ensuring quality and safety is one of the basic tasks of spice producers. The aim of this review is to present the threats to the consumer related to the presence of spices and seasoning mixes in the diet. Therefore, special attention was paid to such risks as excess sodium chloride (and sodium) in spice mixtures, the use of additives influencing the sensory experience, and irregularities in the labeling of spices and seasoning mixes for the presence of additives and allergens. The threats regarding microbiological safety and the presence of heavy metals, pesticides, plant protection products, as well as synthetic fertilizers and undeclared additives are also presented and the issue of adulteration and lack of authenticity of spices and spice mixtures is discussed. Using data from IJHARS planned inspections and notifications registered in the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) for 2015–2019, as well as the results of own research, an analysis of the risks caused by herbs and spices was carried out. Strategic activities of companies producing spices focus, among others, on improving production and expanding the commercial offer with new, attractive products. The article reviews product and process innovations in spice mixes and the methods of ensuring safety in this group of food products.
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8

Mandal, Shyamapada. "Curry plant, Murraya koenigii L.: An indigenous spice plant with versatile medicinal property: A minireview." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology 3, no. 2 (2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2348-8093.185203.

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9

Zubor, Ákos, Gyula Surányi, József Prokisch, Zoltán Győri, and György Borbély. "Application of AFLP-Method in Plant Sample Identification." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 10 (May 11, 2003): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3497.

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One possible method for the determination of DNA-polymorphism is the PCR-based AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). This method had been succesfully introduced to the Department of Botany at University of Debrecen in 2000-2001 with the examination of hay saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its allies. Hay saffron is grown as a spice for some thousand years producing the most expensive spice in the world. This plant is sterile, triploid reproduces only vegetatively with no fertile seeds. However its origin is unknown it exists only in cultivation and it is a mutated variety of another species or an artificial or natural hybrid. Usual methods for the systematic examination are restricted hence it seemed to be reasonable to apply molecular biological methods in its case. Results of this work include the introduction and many fold application of the method beside ensuring the consequences of science literature with determining the C. cartwrightianus to give the most similar genetical pattern to C. sativus.
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Herdiani, Novera, and Satriya Wijaya. "Community Empowerment for Self-sufficiency in Herbal Plants to Face The Covid-19 Pandemic." Community Development Journal 5, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/cdj.v5i1.1857.

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Indonesia is famous for its rich herbs. Typically, these herbs are used as flavoured vegetables, medicinal plants, dried fruit and medicinal plants that are packed in the form of herbs. Some herbs are very good for curing and healing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for spices is getting higher, but prices are also high. This has an impact on the cost of community needs. Community service aims to use herbs to improve the immune system in the face of COVID-19. Besides, for the use of the house yard by planting herbs as traditional medicinal plants with community empowerment. The methods used were counselling about spice plants, dividing spice plant seeds, and practising directly growing spices. The community service subjects were 41 residents Taman District on Provinsi of Sidoarjo, especially in a community group on 25 in Citizens Association of 10 Bohar Village, Taman Sidoarjo District. According to the results of the evaluation of the participant's knowledge assessment, according to the results of the pre-test and post-test evaluations, it was found that most of the participants experienced an increase in knowledge of spices (56.1%). Most residents (85%) prefer the direct practice method of planting spices because it is easier to understand right away. The conclusion indicated the effectiveness of the introduction and use of spices in increasing knowledge and direct cultivation practice. The next community service activity is to provide assistance and train residents in environmental cadre formation activities and the formation of TOGA plants. The output of this community service activity is a report that has been submitted in a journal and an increase in public understanding and awareness by planting spices.
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11

Sovilj*, Milan N., Branislava G. Nikolovski, and Momčilo Đ. Spasojević. "Critical review of supercritical fluid extraction of selected spice plant materials." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 30, no. 2 (December 5, 2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2011.35.

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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is one of the relatively new efficient separation method for the extraction of essential oils from different plant materials. The new products, extracts, can be used as a good base for the production of pharmaceutical drugs and additives in the perfume, cosmetic, and food industries. The aim of this work was to analyze the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) of oils from the selected spice plant materials. In this paper the process parameters such as pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, size of grinding materials, and ratio of the co-solvent were presented for the selected spice plant materials: black pepper, caraway, celery, cinnamon, clove, coriander, daphne, fennel, ginger, hyssop, juniper, lavender, oregano, pennyroyal, red pepper, safflower, sage, turmeric, and vanilla. The values of operating conditions were: pressure from 7.5 to 68 MPa, temperature from 293 to 363 K, solvent flow rate from 0.003 to 30.0 kg/h, and diameter of grinding material from 0.17 to 3.90 mm. The global yield and quality of the extracts all of the plant material investigated, as well as the possibility of their application in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries were analyzed. The composition of the extracts was wery complex, and in every case the extract was composed of more than 200 components. All the compounds from the CO2 extracts were classified in the following groups: monoterpene, sesquiterpene, oxygenated monoterpene, and oxygenated sesquiterpene and other hydrocarbon groups. In some of the systems investigated the different mathematical models (Sovová, Hong), which have taken from the literature, were used to correlate the experimental data.
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Thakur, Shifali, Isha Kumari, Shailja Chaudhary, Madhusudan S, Hemlata Kaurav, and Gitika Chaudhary. "CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM): A COMMON INDIAN TRADITIONAL SPICE AND AYURVEDIC REMEDY." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.120250.

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Coriandrum sativum is commonly known as dhaniya. It is an annual herb and used as a spice from ancient times. The fresh leaves of this plant are called Cilantro. The seeds, leaves, and fruits of this plant are edible and have an aromatic odour, and are used as a flavour in curries, soup, and other Indian dishes. Fruit of this plant is used in the preparation of pastries, buns, cakes and also for the preparation of curry powder and other flavours. Coriander seed is also known for its medicinal importance especially the seeds of this plant are used for the preparation of Ayurveda medicines as well as used traditionally in different tribes for the preparation of various ailments. Coriander plant is considered as a medicinal herb in traditional medicine system as it has various properties like they act as anti-diuretic, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, aphrodisiac, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic agent.
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Deveci, Bilal, Serkan Türkmen, and Cevdet Avcıkurt. "Vanilla spice and investigation on areas of usageVanilya baharatı ve kullanım alanları üzerine bir araştırma." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 3 (December 9, 2016): 5340. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4177.

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Many countries are of rare plants growing thanks to geographial conditions. Spices which are rare and precious not only primarily provide different flavour and aroma to food and beverages but also commercially contribute to the economy of the country. The transformation of these plants into the spice is made throught traditional or contemporary methods. As a term association, spice generally evokes bitter, salty and refreshing feelings on people. On the other hand, vanilla is also a spice that can be used in ice-cream, chocolate, dessert, pastry, and confectionery. Also, vanilla is utilized in sector such as medicine, cosmetic and parfume. The purpose of this study is to discuss the general characteristics of vanilla, the orchid plant family it belongs to, its tranformation process to be a spice, the contribution of vanilla type that can be produced in to the industry, the types of vanilla, its areas of usage, how vanilla is produced and differences between vanilla and vanilin. ÖzetBirçok ülke, coğrafi şartların uygunluğu sayesinde nadir olarak yetişen bitkilere sahiptir. Az bulunan ve kıymetli olan baharatlar; öncelikle yiyeceklere ve içeceklere farklı tat ve koku sağlamakta, diğer bir yandan da ticari olarak ülke ekonomilerine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu bitkilerin baharat haline dönüştürme süreçleri geleneksel veya modern şekilde yapılmaktadır. İnsanlar tarafından genel olarak baharat, kelime çağrışımı itibariyle; acı, tuzlu, ferahlatıcı vb. his uyandırmaktadır. Fakat vanilya dondurma, çikolata, tatlı, pasta ve şekerlemelerde kullanılan bir baharat olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Ayrıca vanilya ilaç, kozmetik, parfüm gibi endüstrilerde de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada vanilya bitkisinin genel özelliklerine, ait olduğu orkide ailesine, kullanılabilir bir baharat olması için geçirdiği sürece, üretilebilen türün endüstriye olan katkısına, vanilyanın çeşitlerine, kullanım alanlarına ve vanilinin nasıl üretildiğine, vanilya ve vanilin arasındaki farklılığa yer verilecektir.
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Bespalko, L. V., E. V. Pinchuk, and I. T. Ushakova. "VALUABLE SPICE-AROMATIC VEGETABLE – MONARDA CITRIODORA L." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (December 4, 2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-5-57-60.

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One of valuable spice-aromatic vegetable of Lamiaceae family is lemony monarda (Monarda citriodora L.) cultivated as nonperennial crop in most of regions of Russian Federation. Information regarding its parentage and biological special aspects are described here in this article. Brief review regarding nutritional quality and pharmaceutical importance as well as description of four cultivars of lemony monarda (which are currently included to Russian State register of selection invention and approved for usage, two of these cultivars Mona Lisa and Simka were selected and cultivated by Federal Scientific Vegetable Center are given here in this article. Main directions for up-to-date selection and application and practical usage of lemony monarda were indicated. In the field of creation of up-to-date vegetable cultivars, one of the main directions is selection of such a cultivars with high content of biologically active compounds for improvement of antioxidative activity and applicability for its cultivation at hydroponic plant with frame area to provide fresh green vegetables for people all year round. Simka cultivar meets requirements mentioned above and can be cultivated at various types of hydroponic plants including horizontal (salad lines, seedling tables) and vertical (multilayer hydroponics) types using natural (drag turf) or artificial (mineral wool blocks) substrates. This article also describes the main elements of technology of cultivation of lemony monarda in the open and protected ground to get green products and seed production. The features of the preparation of raw materials with a high content of biologically active compounds for fresh consumption and as a spicy-aromatic dry seasoning for salads, meat dishes, as a natural preservative and aromatic of jam, tea and other drinks are shown.
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Caser, Matteo, Íris Marisa Maxaieie Victorino, Sonia Demasi, Andrea Berruti, Dario Donno, Erica Lumini, Valeria Bianciotto, and Valentina Scariot. "Saffron Cultivation in Marginal Alpine Environments: How AMF Inoculation Modulates Yield and Bioactive Compounds." Agronomy 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9010012.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic symbiotic associations with plant roots and act as biofertilizers by enhancing plant nutrient and water uptake. Moreover, AMF colonization may influence the biosynthesis of plant bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. There is limited information on AMF associations with Crocus sativus L. (saffron) roots and their effect on crop performances and spice quality. In the present work we verified the efficiency of root mycorrhization in potted conditions, then we evaluated the yield and quality of the saffron produced in two Alpine sites during two cultivation cycles with the application of AMF. Two inocula were applied, either a single-species (Rhizophagus intraradices) or a multi-species mixture (R. intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae). The trial conducted in potted conditions confirmed that both AMF commercial inocula established symbiotic relationships with saffron roots. The multi-species inoculation yielded the highest content of arbuscules in colonized portions of the root (100%), while the single-species was slightly less (82.9%) and no AMF were recorded in untreated control corms. In open-field conditions, AMF colonization of the root systems, flower production, and saffron yields were monitored, and bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant activity in the dried spice were analysed using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Overall, the saffron produced was high quality (ISO category) and had high contents of bioactive compounds, with very high total polyphenol content and elevated antioxidant activity. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts as biostimulants positively affected saffron cultivation, improving the crop performances and the content of important nutraceutical compounds. In particular, the inoculum composed by R. intraradices and F. mosseae increased flower production and the saffron yield. R. intraradices alone enhanced the spice antioxidant activity and the content of bioactive compounds such as picrocrocin, crocin II, and quercitrin. Since saffron is the world’s highest priced spice, the increases in yield and quality obtained using AMF suggests that farms in marginal areas such as alpine sites can increase profitability by inoculating saffron fields with arbuscular mycorrhiza.
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Ghosh, Sourav, Arvind Kumar, Neetu Sachan, and Phool Chandra. "Re-exploring an Epicentre Spice with Immense Therapeutic Potentials: Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 9 (November 29, 2020): 1326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401316666200316120944.

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Background: Spices are mostly used as additives in food regularly to enhance the taste and flavour. From ancient times, the plant of Piperaceae family contributes a large variety of species to the spices section, from which Piper nigrum is one of the widely used spices worldwide in culinary and as a medicinal agent. Piper nigrum is known as the king of spice due to its impactful constituent ‘piperine’. Objective: To report a comprehensive view on the botanical description, traditional and culinary use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and toxicology of P. nigrum. Methods: Literature searches were carried out in various databases, such as PubMed, SciFinder, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed research literature about traditional and culinary use, biologically active compounds and distinctive pharmacological activities along with toxicology of P. nigrum. Results: The main outcomes from the search are the bioactive compounds responsible for various pharmacological activities, such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. Apart from its traditional uses, it is accounted for the treatment of numerous diseases worldwide. Pharmacologically, the plant has been investigated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, digestive, antidiarrheal, anticancer, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, antithyroid and antiasthmatic activities. Black pepper showed no toxic effect up to 250 times more than their usual amount. Conclusion: The overall review suggests that P. nigrum is not just a commonly utilized spice but also at the same time utilized as a traditional plant with immense therapeutic potentials. The review also suggests that limited work has been reported on the neuropharmacological activity of P. nigrum. So, scientific evaluation of its neuroprotective effect can be a thrust area for the research.
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Khoshkharam, Mehdi, Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun, and Qi Cheng. "Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) a spice and medicinal plant – a mini review." Amazonian Journal of Plant Research 4, no. 2 (2020): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26545/ajpr.2020.b00061x.

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Aćimović, Milica G., and Nataša B. Milić. "Perspectives of the Apiaceae Hepatoprotective Effects – A Review." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 2 (February 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200241.

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The liver has the crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes and in the excretion of endogenous waste metabolites and xenobiotics. Liver structure impairment can be caused by various factors including microorganisms, autoimmune diseases, chemicals, alcohol and drugs. The plant kingdom is full of liver protective chemicals such as phenols, coumarins, lignans, essential oils, monoterpenes, carotenoids, glycosides, flavonoids, organic acids, lipids, alkaloids and xanthenes. Apiaceae plants are usually used as a vegetable or as a spice, but their other functional properties are also very important. This review highlights the significance of caraway, dill, cumin, aniseed, fennel, coriander, celery, lovage, angelica, parsley and carrot, which are popular vegetables and spices, but possess hepatoprotective potential. These plants can be used for medicinal applications to patients who suffer from liver damage.
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Hälvä, Seija. "Consumption and production of herbs in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 57, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72209.

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A study on the consumption and production of spice and medicinal herbs in Finland was carried out in 1983. There are approximately 150 commercial herb plant growers in Finland. Most of the farmers grow leafy herbs; only ten percent grow seed (botanically also fruit) spices e.g. caraway and mustard. The total cultivation area for leafy herbs is 30 hectares; for dill 14 and for parsley 12 hectares. Seed spices are grown on 130 hectares, most of this is devoted to mustard. Finland is almost self sufficient for fresh dill and parsley, but dry herbs are mostly imported. Self-sufficiency of caraway is 40 % and mustard 20 % while the other herbs and spices are also mostly imported. The total herb and spice import in 1982 was approximately 30 million Finnmarks, half of which was for the import of the so-called exotic spices. The total import of those herbs that could be cultivated in Finland was 17 million FIM. The most promising of these being mustard, garlic, chamomile, mints, dill and parsley.
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Hernádi, Ildikó, Zita Sasvári, Jana Albrechtová, Miroslav Vosátka, and Katalin Posta. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculant Increases Yield of Spice Pepper and Affects the Indigenous Fungal Community in the Field." HortScience 47, no. 5 (May 2012): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.5.603.

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Although the majority of horticultural crops are mycorrhiza-dependent, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation in plant production has been neglected in high-input agriculture. Field application of a commercial inoculum mix of Glomus spp. was tested in spice pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. longum), cv. Szegedi, cultivation. With polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), differences in small subunit ribosomal RNA genes were used to characterize groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with respect to effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on an indigenous AMF population. The AMF inoculant was able to establish in the rhizosphere of pepper plants and mycorrhizal inoculation increased yield of spice pepper by more than 65% compared with the non-treated control plants. Having relatively high root colonization in the control, non-inoculated treatment indicated high presence of indigenous populations of AMF in the field soil. Although the inoculation affected structure of the resident AM fungal community, it did not influence the composition of AMF associated with pepper roots significantly.
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Paul, Alexandra, and Brian Akers. "Use of Psathyrella cf. hymenocephala (Coprinaceae) as a spice in Haiti." Mycologist 14, no. 4 (November 2000): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(00)80032-4.

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Makarov, P. N., T. A. Makarovа, Z. A. Samoylenko, and N. M. Gulakova. "A technology of essential oil crops growth in closed systems." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-2/07.

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The article describes the results of growing essential-oil crops in photoculture using the hydroponic method, and the stages and the agro-technical methods of conveyor production for spice-flavoring plants such as dill (Goldkrone cultivar), parsley (Fidelio cultivar) and basil (Lemona cultivar). Due to underdevelopment of agriculture in cold climate, the northern territories of Tyumen region receive plant products from the South of Russia. Therefore, effective technologies for plants growing are required in order to provide the north-erners with fresh products all year round. Regarding growing plants in a closed system, we discovered that the best conditions in the light culture for ethereal crops are created by white LED lighting with 8000 lm luminous flux. Plants watering with the Ferticare fertiliser in combination with calcinitis and watering regime (15 minutes every 24 hours) allow to achieve high productivity and yield of the cultivated plants. For the conveyor cultivation of fennel, parsley and basil, it is necessary to maintain the optimal microclimate parameters: day-time am-bient air temperature +23℃, the solution temperature +20℃, humidity – no less than 60%. The developed method gives 8–9 turnovers of spice-flavoring plants per year.
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Dostatny, Denise F., Aleksandra Korzeniewska, Grzegorz Bartoszewski, Ryszard Rawski, Karolina Kaźmińska, and Bronislovas Gelvonauskis. "The Evaluation and Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources Collected in Lithuania." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081586.

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The present work compiles the results of three-year expeditions organized between 2011 and 2013 aimed at plant crop collection in the area of Lithuania, an Eastern European country. Accessions of fruit trees, vegetables, cereals, forage, industrial, fibrous, medical, and spice crops as well as accompanying segetal plants were collected in 5 ethnographic regions of Lithuania. In total, 1010 samples of seeds, bulbs, and plant grafts were obtained. The majority of the collected samples belonged to the Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Alliaceae, and Rosaceae families. The accessions were described and deposited in the long-term storage in Lithuanian and Polish Gene Banks. Almost all collected cucumbers, pumpkins, squashes, and oat plants were morphologically characterized in field experiments. Cucurbita pepo accessions showed high morphological diversity, while limited diversity of cucumber accessions was observed. Oat plants were characterized by high morphological diversity and resistance to diseases present in some of the investigated accessions. Further characterization of collected apple trees and other accessions is underway. Obtaining germplasm in the area of Lithuania fulfills a gap in current plant crop collections. Collected material could be valuable for pre-breeding evaluation and further breeding programs as well as the study of genetic diversity.
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Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid, Kanwal Rehman, and Shuqing Chen. "Spice plant Allium cepa: Dietary supplement for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." Nutrition 30, no. 10 (October 2014): 1128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.011.

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Glover, Beverley J., and Pradeep Kachroo. "Variety is the spice of life: the enormous diversity of plant biotic interactions." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 16, no. 4 (August 2013): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2013.07.003.

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Huaizhu, Li, Liang Bai, Jiqing Bai, Ping Wang, Caihua Zhou, Dou Lingling, Jiaojiao Jiang, Jun Liu, and Qiaoli Wang. "The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Thymus mongolicus (Labiatae), a special spice plant." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 5, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 2597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2020.1778573.

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Mörtl, Mária, Szandra Klátyik, Helga Molnár, Rita Tömösközi-Farkas, Nóra Adányi, and András Székács. "The effect of intensive chemical plant protection on the quality of spice paprika." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 67 (April 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.033.

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Kant, Krishna, Y. K. Sharma, B. K. Mishra, S. N. Saxena, N. K. Meena, and S. R. Meena. "Farmers level adoption of eco-friendly plant protection techniques for Seed Spice crop." ANNALS OF PLANT PROTECTION SCIENCES 28, no. 3 (2020): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0163.2020.00057.9.

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Trkulja, Vojislav, Mehira Perviz, Petar Mitrović, Mira Vojvodić, and Aleksandra Bulajić. "Species of the genus Alternaria pathogens of vegetable and spice plants from the family Apiaceae." Biljni lekar 48, no. 6 (2020): 586–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2006586t.

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Species of the genus Alternaria are among the most important plant pathogens that occur worldwide on many host plants, as well as plants of the Apiaceae family, including important vegetables such as carrots, parsley, celery, parsnips and fennel, and popular herbs such as anise, cumin, dill, coriander and others. These plants are attacked by different species of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria, and this paper offers current review of nine different species. However, there is still insufficient information on both these species and the nu-merous interactions between them and their host plants and environmental factors. This information are necessary as the basis for adequate disease control measures and thus enabling successful and profitable cultivation of these high valued crops. Therefore, we present pathogen profiles of A. dauci, A. radicina, A. carotiincultae, A. petroselini, A. selini, A. smyrnii, A. alternata, A. longipes and A. burnsii as pathogens of Apiaceae plants, as well as their full current names and synonyms, taxonomic position, distribution and symptoms these pathogens cause to their host plants, as well as their biology and mode of transmission and spread, with special emphasis on control measures.
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Fauzia, Yulia Fista, and Suhartiningsih Dwi Nurcahyanti. "Ketahanan tiga klon jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum)." Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman Tropis 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jptt.v1i2.18013.

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Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Is one type of rhizome plant commonly used as a medicinal plant or spice. The rhizome is aromatic and has a distinctive odor used by the community to be used as spices, cooking ingredients and medicinal sources. So far the results of ginger production have not been able to meet people's consumption needs due to a decrease in ginger production at the main ginger development center (West Java). One of the main constraints of ginger cultivation is the attack of bacterial wilt disease caused by the bacterium R. solanacearum. One effort that can be done in tackling bacterial wilt in ginger plants is by using clones that are resistant to bacterial wilt disease of R. solanacearum. The experimental design was carried out using factorial Completely Randomized Design, using ginger clones and the application of R. solanacearum bacteria. This design consists of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each replication unit consists of 4 plants, so the total number of plants used is 96 plants. The experimental results were analyzed using regression correlation analysis on the parameters of disease progression, while on plant growth parameters using variance analysis and if there were significant differences then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed red ginger clones including rather resistant criteria with a severity value of 25% while ginger empirical clones and elephant ginger clones were critically vulnerable with 75% severity values and 85.42%. Red ginger clones are more responsive to the infection of R. solanacearum bacteria so that the highest phenol content increases compared to other clones of 0.297 mg/ml, the phenol compounds that play a role in increasing plant resistance. In the variable growth of ginger emprit clone plants have a higher plant height and number of leaves compared to other clones, namely 43.83 cm and 15.44.
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Harni, Rita, Supramana Supramana, and Supriadi Supriadi. "EFFICACY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA IN REDUCING PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODE Pratylenchus brachyurus." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 15, no. 1 (April 10, 2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v15n1.2014.29-34.

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Pratylenchus brachyurus is a major parasitic nematode on patchouli that reduces plant production up to 85%. The use of endophytic bacteria is promising for controlling nematode and promoting plant growth through production of phytohormones and enhancing the availability of soil nutrients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of endophytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus on patchouli plant and its influence on plant productions (plant fresh weight and patchouli oil). The study was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Garden and Laboratory of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), Bogor, West Java. The experi-ment was designed in a randomized block with seven treatments and eight replications; each replication consisted of 10 plants. The treatments evaluated were five isolates of endophytic bacteria (Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenes faecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK and Bacillus subtilis NJ57), synthetic nematicide as a reference, and non-treated plant as a control. Four-week old patchouli plants of cv. Sidikalang were treated by soaking the roots in suspension of endophytic bacteria (109 cfu ml-1) for one hour before trans-planting to the field. At one month after planting, the plants were drenched with the bacterial suspension as much as 100 ml per plant. The results showed that applications of the endophytic bacteria could suppress the nematode populations (52.8-80%) and increased plant weight (23.62-57.48%) compared to the control. The isolate of endophytic bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2 was the best and comparable with carbofuran.
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Harni, Rita, Supramana Supramana, and Supriadi Supriadi. "EFFICACY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA IN REDUCING PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODE Pratylenchus brachyurus." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 15, no. 1 (April 10, 2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v15n1.2014.p29-34.

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Pratylenchus brachyurus is a major parasitic nematode on patchouli that reduces plant production up to 85%. The use of endophytic bacteria is promising for controlling nematode and promoting plant growth through production of phytohormones and enhancing the availability of soil nutrients. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of endophytic bacteria to control P. brachyurus on patchouli plant and its influence on plant productions (plant fresh weight and patchouli oil). The study was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Garden and Laboratory of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI), Bogor, West Java. The experi-ment was designed in a randomized block with seven treatments and eight replications; each replication consisted of 10 plants. The treatments evaluated were five isolates of endophytic bacteria (Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2, Alcaligenes faecalis NJ16, Pseudomonas putida EH11, Bacillus cereus MSK and Bacillus subtilis NJ57), synthetic nematicide as a reference, and non-treated plant as a control. Four-week old patchouli plants of cv. Sidikalang were treated by soaking the roots in suspension of endophytic bacteria (109 cfu ml-1) for one hour before trans-planting to the field. At one month after planting, the plants were drenched with the bacterial suspension as much as 100 ml per plant. The results showed that applications of the endophytic bacteria could suppress the nematode populations (52.8-80%) and increased plant weight (23.62-57.48%) compared to the control. The isolate of endophytic bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans TT2 was the best and comparable with carbofuran.
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Caser, Matteo, Sonia Demasi, Íris Marisa Maxaieie Victorino, Dario Donno, Antonella Faccio, Erica Lumini, Valeria Bianciotto, and Valentina Scariot. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Modulate the Crop Performance and Metabolic Profile of Saffron in Soilless Cultivation." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050232.

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Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is cultivated worldwide. Its stigmas represent the highest-priced spice and contain bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. Saffron cultivation commonly occurs in open field, and spice yield can vary greatly, from 0.15 to 1.5 g m−2, based on several agronomic and climatic factors. In this study, we evaluated saffron cultivation in soilless systems, where plants can benefit from a wealth of nutrients without competition with pathogens or stresses related to nutrient-soil interaction. In addition, as plant nutrient and water uptake can be enhanced by the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we also tested two inocula: a single species (Rhizophagus intraradices) or a mixture of R. intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae. After one cultivation cycle, we evaluated the spice yield, quality (ISO category), antioxidant activity, and bioactive compound contents of saffron produced in soilless systems and the effect of the applied AMF inocula. Spice yield in soilless systems (0.55 g m−2) was on average with that produced in open field, while presented a superior content of several health-promoting compounds, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and elevated antioxidant activity. The AMF symbiosis with saffron roots was verified by light and transmission electron microscopy. Inoculated corms showed larger replacement corms (+50% ca.). Corms inoculated with R. intraradices performed better than those inoculated with the mix in terms of spice quality (+90% ca.) and antioxidant activity (+88% ca.). Conversely, the mixture of R. intraradices and F. mosseae increased the polyphenol content (+343% ca.). Thus, soilless systems appeared as an effective alternative cultivation strategy for the production of high quality saffron. Further benefits can be obtained by the application of targeted AMF-based biostimulants.
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Basavarajappa, Balapal, and Shivakumar Subbanna. "Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Deleterious Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids Found in Spice/K2 Products." Brain Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9010014.

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The chief psychoactive constituent of many bioactive phytocannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ9-THC) found in hemp, cannabis or marijuana plants are scientifically denoted by the Latin term, Cannabis sativa, acts on cell surface receptors. These receptors are ubiquitously expressed. To date, two cannabinoid receptors have been cloned and characterized. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) is found to serve as the archetype for cannabinoid action in the brain. They have attracted wide interest as the mediator of all psychoactive properties of exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids and they are abundantly expressed on most inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Recent evidence established that cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) is also expressed in the neurons at both presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals and are involved in neuropsychiatric effects. Distinct types of cells in many regions in the brain express CB2Rs and the cellular origin of CB2Rs that induce specific behavioral effects are emerging. To mimic the bliss effects of marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) have been sprayed onto plant material, and this plant material has been consequently packaged and sold under brand name “Spice” or “K2”. These SCBs have been shown to maintain their affinity and functional activity for CB1R and CB2R and have been shown to cause severe harmful effects when compared to the effects of Δ9-THC. The present review discusses the potential brain mechanisms that are involved in the deleterious effects of SCBs.
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Bose, Nabaruna. "A LITERARY REVIEW ON THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF THE INDIAN FIVE SPICE BLEND OR “PANCH PHORON” BASED ON AYURVEDIC CLASSICAL TEXTS." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 09, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj1909032021.

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The green ecology around us is surrounded by various types of plants. India houses a wide variety of plants possessing medicinal properties which are known to us while some are yet to be discovered and used so that the human mankind need not be dependent on artificial and toxic chemicals. All over the world spices are used to flavour the food. These spices comprise different parts of the plant like seeds, bark, root, etc. They not only add flavour to the food but also act as a preservative and has immense health benefits too. Panch Phoron is a mixture of five spices- Cumin seeds (Jeeraka), Fennel seeds (Mishreya), Fenugreek seeds (Methika), Nigella seeds (Upakunchika) and Mustard seeds (Sarshapa). It is widely used in Eastern part of India on a daily basis for adding flavours to the food. Each individual ingredient in itself is benefi-cial for us. Ayurveda has a holistic approach. It believes in organic way of treatment by eliminating the toxins and balancing the Tridosha. The review aspires to scientifically validate the vast traditional use of this spice in the Eastern cuisine and its immense scope in herbal therapeutics.
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Tedjari, N., and N. Douadi. "Study of the physico-chemical quality of Curcuma longa (powder and rhizome) marketed in the town of Sétif." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4294.

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Over the past two to three decades, renewed interest has been shown in the Curcuma longa plant because of the multiple properties attributed to its spice, properties that are traditionally recognized or empirically observed over hundreds of years of use. Curcuma longa is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, cultivated in India and Southeast Asia and considered a coloring spice. Turmeric, especially its rhizome (the underground part), has been used not only as a food spice, but also as a medicinal plant since time immemorial in China and India. The recognition of its medicinal properties is therefore recent in the West. The history of Curcuma is also being written in the future, as much scientific research is being carried out, particularly on the effects of one of its main components, curcuma, in the prevention and treatment of certain cancers. It is in this context that the aim of this work is to evaluate certain parameters of the physicochemical quality of this plant, such as the level of impurity, ash content, moisture content, soluble and insoluble ashes in water, coloring power and chromatography on thin layers on the basis of the standards dictated by the French official journal (JORF).This study was carried out on the two rhizome and powder forms of Curcuma longa marketed. For this, five spice shops (2 samples / shop) were selected at random in the town of Sétif. Analyses of the samples taken were carried out with the collaboration of two laboratories: one INSFP (National Institute for Specialized Professional Training Hadadi Cherif el Hidhab Setif) and the other ERIAD (Riad Setif). The results obtained vary from one type to another and from one store to another. The analysis of the variance of impurity levels, moisture content, acid insoluble ash and TLC is significant whereas it is not for other parameters such as: total ash, water insoluble ash and colouring power. Keywords: Curcuma longa, Rhizome and powder, city of Sétif, Physicochemical parameters, TLC.
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Rao, Priya S., Sheth Navinchandra, and KN Jayaveera. "An important spice, Pimenta dioica (Linn.) Merill: A Review." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 1, no. 8 (July 5, 2012): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11255.

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Pimenta dioica (Linn.) Merill. Family: Myrtaceae, well known for its berries called Pimento, has been used as an important spice since time immemorial, for its culinary as well as medicinal qualities. It is also known as Allspice due to its intricate aroma which is a medley of aroma from spices such as Clove, Nutmeg and Cinnamon. In India, the leaves of Pimenta are used to flavor rice which gives it a typical aroma. Traditional culinary practice uses the dried berries for marinating meat. Various compounds have been isolated from the plant which belong to categories like phenylpropanoids, tannins, glycosides and essential oil. The present article is a humble effort to study the work done till date on this important spice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11255 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 221-225
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Puspita Sari, Diana, Sela Tri Parwati, Dyah Ika Rinawati, and Purnawan A. Wicaksono. "Analysis of Scraps Cause of Noodle Production in PT. Indofood CBP Success Makmur Tbk. using Fault Tree Analysis Methods." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184902012.

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Food industry can survive when they can improve the productivity to meets the customer needs. PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Noodle Division is one of food industry in Indonesia. Based on the production data of PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Noodle Division Cibitung plant 3, found that the number of scrap noodles is almost always above the company minimum limit. This condition causes the company losing a profit of about 1.3 million per day per line. Based on these problems, this study aims to find the root causes of scraps of noodles production, then provide the advice on prevention of high amount of scrap of noodle production. The method used in this research is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Five Step Plan analysis. The result of FTA analysis shows the cause of the high scrap of noodle production is the number of blocks noodles that fall as it passes through the conveyor in the frying and packing process, and because the operator less observant in connects the spice etiquette, less thorough to set the speed of the autoloader engine, less careful in case of handling the noodles. Suggested solutions include the implementation of 'seiri' by sorting reject spice oil and spices; 'seiton' by placing rolls of etiquette in easily reach place by the operator; 'seiko' by discarding etiquette, spices, and spiced oils into their respective containers; 'seiketsu' which is the division of responsibility for cleanliness of each operator; and 'shitsuke' ie routine briefing based on schedule.
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Owen, W. Garrett. "Leaf Tissue Nutrient Sufficiency Ranges of Four Heuchera Cultivars by Chronological Age." HortScience 54, no. 10 (October 2019): 1751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14222-19.

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Coral bells (Heuchera sp.) are popular herbaceous perennials grown for their colorful foliage and venation and their aesthetic appeal in mixed containers and landscapes. Commercial coral bell production requires greenhouse or nursery growers to optimize production inputs such as managing mineral nutrition, thereby maximizing plant growth potential and foliage color. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum fertilizer concentrations, identify leaf tissue nutrient sufficiency ranges by chronological age, and to expand leaf tissue nutrient standards of coral bells grown in soilless substrates during container production. Coral bells (H. hybrida ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Cherry Cola’, ‘Marmalade’, and ‘Peppermint Spice’), varying in leaf color, were grown under one of six constant liquid fertilizer concentrations [50, 75, 100, 200, 300, or 400 mg·L−1 nitrogen (N)] with a constant level of water-soluble micronutrient blend in a greenhouse. Fertilizer concentrations for optimal plant growth and development were determined by analyzing plant height, diameter, growth index, and total dry mass, and were found to be 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N after a nine-week crop cycle. Recently mature leaf tissue samples were collected and analyzed for elemental content of 11 nutrients at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after transplant (WAT) from plants fertilized with 50 to 75 mg·L−1 N. The black- (‘Black Beauty’) and red- (‘Cherry Cola’) colored-leaved cultivars contained higher total N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) than the orange- (‘Marmalade’) and green- (‘Peppermint Spice’) colored-leaved cultivars. For instance, in mature growth, total N concentration for ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Cherry Cola’ ranged between 3.45 to 3.63% and 3.92% to 4.18% N, respectively, whereas for ‘Marmalade’ and ‘Peppermint Spice’, ranges were between 2.98% to 3.25% and 2.78% to 3.23% N, respectively. Optimal leaf tissue concentration sufficiency ranges determined in this scientifically based study were narrower and often times higher than previously reported survey values for coral bells.
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Cvijovic, M., D. Djukic, L. Mandic, G. Acamovic-Djokovic, and M. Pesakovic. "Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of some medicinal and spice plants." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 46, no. 3 (July 2010): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-010-9652-z.

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Bekhechi, Chahrazed, Jean Brice Boti, Fewzia Atik Bekkara, Djamel Eddine Abdelouahid, Joseph Casanova, and Félix Tomi. "Isothymol in Ajowan Essential Oil." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 7 (July 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500726.

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Ajowan is a popular spice that is used in folk medicine in Algeria. Most studies reported that thymol is the main component of the seed oil. Isothymol was reported to be a constituent of essential oil isolated from aerial parts. Using plants harvested in five different locations in north western Algeria, every two weeks during the flowering stage, we demonstrated that isothymol was the major component when the plant was collected near the sea at low altitude and at the beginning of the flowering stage. In other cases, thymol is the predominant constituent.
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Kholibrina, Cut Rizlani, and Aswandi Aswandi. "The Ethnobotany and Ethnomedicine of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jlso.10.1.2021.526.

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Zanthoxylum acanthopodium is a nutritional plant utilized for both culinary and medicinal purposes. The herb, popularly known as andalimanis found in sloppy, barren, cultivated lands and secondary forests in Lake Toba, North Sumatra. This study aimed to provide an ethnobotanical description, productivity and propagation, essential oil of andaliman and the application as traditional medicine in Lake Toba. Botanical characters were collected by observing phenology and distilling essential oils. The ethnomedicine information was collected through in-depth interviews with farmers and herbal practitioners, meanwhile, phytochemical content was identified based on various primary literature. Results showed flowering period occurs from March until April and followed by fruiting in May to September. Fruits were widely processed as cooking spices for various cuisines. It played an important role in local people’s diet by supplying carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins. This ingredient was favoured for its citrus-colored oil content and a spicy taste with an appetizing aroma. This spice was also utilized in traditional medicine. Both dry and fresh fruits were used for gums and dental disorders as dyspepsia or lotion for scabies. Fresh roots were also used to cure dental problems. All plant plants contain essential oil with a higher concentration in fruits (4.89%). The local wisdom also reveals the essential oil utilization as an antimicrobial ingredient that could be further processed as a food preservative. To increase generative propagation, seed dormancy breaking treatment through a low-intensity burning can increase the germination rate.
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Bashir, Fouzia, and Zeba Afrin. "Zanjabeel (Zingiber offcinale) Transformation of Culinary Spice to a multi-functional Medicine." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (August 20, 2019): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3299.

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The various traditional systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha use several plant species to treat different ailments. The Unani (Greco-Arab) system of medicine has been practiced since ancient times for the treatment of range of diseases. Traditional medicine usually takes a “holistic” approach where the physical, spiritual (which includes mental), and most often social well-being of an individual are treated. Thus, the medicinal value of an herbal product may be intimately related to its nutritional and psychological aspects. It is estimated that between 70% and 95% of citizens in a majority of developing countries use traditional medicine for the management of health and as primary health care to address their health-care needs and concerns. Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Zanjabeel (Zingiber officinale) is a very famous herbal drug which is widely used in world as spice as well as drug in traditional medicine. This article aims at reviewing the Zanjabeel on the basis of description in Unani system of medicine, its Pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses and to discuss scientific studies. Keywords: Zanjabeel, Unani, Pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses.
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Zhong, Zhang-Feng, Wen Tan, William W. Qiang, Virginia L. Scofield, Ke Tian, Chun-Ming Wang, Wen-An Qiang, and Yi-Tao Wang. "Furanodiene alters mitochondrial function in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in an AMPK-dependent manner." Molecular BioSystems 12, no. 5 (2016): 1626–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6mb00003g.

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Furanodiene is a bioactive sesquiterpene isolated from the spice-producing Curcuma wenyujin plant (Y. H. Chen and C. Ling) (C. wenyujin), which is a commonly prescribed herb used in clinical cancer therapy by modern practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Tucker, Arthur O., Michael J. Maciarello, Pearl W. Burbage, and George Sturtz. "Spicebush [Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume var.benzoin, Lauraceae]: A tea, spice, and medicine." Economic Botany 48, no. 3 (July 1994): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02862336.

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KLOC, GRZEGORZ, DENISE DOSTATNY, TOMASZ SEKUTOWSKI, and WIESŁAW PODYMA. "The role of collection missions in gathering plant genetic resources material." Agronomy Science 73, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/1asx.2018.4.12.

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In the last 40 years, the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources (KCRZG) in Radzików has organized 67 collecting missions across the country. The main task was to secure the still existing plant genetic richness in agricultural ecosystems. Mission dates were set according to the time of seed maturation and the harvesting strategy adjusted to the collected group of plants. The collected genotypes included seeds, bulbs, grafts etc. The samples were collected mainly from local farmers or gathered directly from the field. During the collecting missions, one could clearly observe the progressive ”genetic erosion” of crop plants, visible through the disappearance of the tradition of growing local varieties, especially cereals. It is caused by the cultivation of modern varieties or the cessation of the cultivation of traditional crop plants. In the period from 1984 to 2017, a total of approximately 4700 samples were collected during 67 collection missions organized by KCRZG – Radzików. In the 90s, cereals prevailed. In the second period of the collection missions, from 1994 to 2005, vegetable and spice plants did instead. In the third period, between 2006 and 2017, ornamental plants, medicinal plants, wild plants, grasses, plants accompanying crops were the most plentiful groups of plants. The decreasing number of old cultivars and landraces in the last 40 years indicates the need for further collection of genetic resources through collecting missions and monitoring of genetic erosion of crops in Poland.
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Nguyen, Nhan Trung, Truong Nhat Van Do, An Phu Thi Do, and Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen. "Establishing pinostrobin reference standard for quantitative analysis of the rhizomes of Boesenbergia pandurata." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i4.948.

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Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb. Schlecht. (Zingiberaceae), called ``Ngai bun'' in Viet Nam, is one of the Southeast Asian medicinal plants and its rhizomes are used primarily as a spice. This is a perennial, short-stemmed plant, formed by leaf sheaths and can grow up to 50 cm. The leaves are 7-11 cm wide and 25-50 cm long. Its rhizome surfaces are light brown in color, the inner rhizome is yellow, oval-shaped, and has a very aromatic odor. In folklore, Boesenbergia pandurata rhizomes are used as a spice for food processing. This plant contains pinostrobin as the major constituents. Previously showed that pinostrobin compound is the main ingredient together with a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, inhibition of free radicals, ... Pinostrobin is necessary composition for the screening, testing, and quality evaluation of the rhizomes of B. pandurata species and others in the Zingiberaceae family. This research had conducted a reference standard of pinostrobin isolated from the rhizomes of B. pandurata had 99.26 % purity, which is reliable in medicinal testing. An HPLC method for pinostrobin determination was conducted and The quantitative HPLC analysis was validated for system suitability, selectivity, linearity ranges, and precision. Application of the process to investigate the preparation of extract shown that reflux extraction with ethanol obtained the highest pinostrobin content with 22.05 % in extracts and 2.89 % in dried rhizomes of B. pandurata.
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Odoemena, C. S. "Breaking of seed coat dormancy in a medicinal plant Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum & Thonn)." Journal of Agricultural Science 111, no. 2 (October 1988): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600083349.

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Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum & Thonn) is a member of the Family Mimosaceae. It is a perennial, wild West African tropical forest tree (Hutchinson & Dalziel, 1973) and is extensively used in many traditional medicines. The fruit is used in Nigeria as a spice added to soup for nursing mothers from the day of delivery to about 1 month postnatally, to prevent post-partum contractions.
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Bulajic, Aleksandra, Ivana Djekic, Nada Lakic, and Branka Krstic. "The presence of Alternaria spp. on the seed of Apiaceae plants and their influence on seed emergence." Archives of Biological Sciences 61, no. 4 (2009): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0904871b.

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Considerable damping-off of the seedlings of several commercial Apiaceae plant species was observed in Serbia. The infection of a total of 48 seed samples of nine vegetable and spice plants with phytopathogenic Alternaria spp. was established using the deep-freeze-blotter method. Identification of Alternaria species was performed using both conventional methods and PCR. Four different plant-pathogenic Alternaria species were detected in Serbia: A. dauci, A. radicina, A. petroselini, and A. alternata, all of which caused reduction of carrot, parsley, parsnip, and celery seed emergence. Alternaria dauci, A. radicina, and A. petroselini were relatively more aggressive compared to A. alternata. Substantial seed infection levels and strong influence of Alternaria spp. on seed emergence indicated that production of Apiaceae seed needs to be improved in order to obtain pathogen-free seed.
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Motley, Timothy J. "Caribbean Spice Island Plants W. D. Hawthorne, D. Jules, G. Marcelle .Caribbean Spice Island Plants.. 2004. Oxford Forestry Institute. Oxford, UK. ISBN: 0-85074-162-9." Brittonia 59, no. 4 (December 2007): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0007-196x(2007)59[390:csip]2.0.co;2.

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