Academic literature on the topic 'Spice plants – geographical distribution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Spice plants – geographical distribution"
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Kyselov, Yuriі, and Vladyslav Parakhnenko. "GEOGRAPHICAL PRINCIPLES OF DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE FLORA OF RAILWAYS IN KIROVOHRAD REGION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.5.
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Development of transport capable to overcome distances of the planetary level, was caused to more intensive, than early, expansion allied, especially invasive, species of plants that become concurrent for aboriginal flora. Phytoinvasions are one of the most important geoecological problems of our time, as they disrupt the species composition and structure of natural phytocenoses, ultimately leading to the impoverishment of the plant component of landscapes and the reduction of biodiversity. One of leading factors in the spread of adventitious and, in particular, invasive species is rail transport, as a result of which seeds and organs of plants capable of taking root and gradually displacing the aboriginal flora get in the way.
Although among the invasive flora of Kirovohrad region there are representatives of different systematic groups and life forms of plants, still clearly dominated by angiosperms and - at the same time - herbaceous plants. Main peculiarities of the space differentiation are described by the examples of railway stations of Holovanivsk and Znamianka situated consequently in the West and the East of the Kirovohrad region. The most common representative of the invasive flora of the railways of the studied region is ragweed, also widespread grindelia spread (in the west of the Kirovograd region) and sweet silique (in the east of the region). Of the families of flowering plants, the most widely represented are Aster (Compositae), a significant place is occupied by Cabbage (Cruciferous), Thin-legged (Cereals), Legumes and others.
Factors contributing to the naturalization of invasive species and their rapid displacement of aboriginal flora are various. The main ones are eurybiont, unpretentious to the conditions of the habitat, the significant size of the aboveground phytomass.
The internal diversity in the invasive flora of the region's railways is mainly due to the influence of the factor of the sectoral nature of natural conditions within the territory rather elongated from west to east. Therefore, in the presence of clear common features characterizing the invasive flora of the region, the differences associated with predominance of moisture-loving plants in the western part of the region and drought-resistant plants in the eastern part are noticeable.
The practical use of the study results is associated with the possibility of improving the system of measures to combat phytoinvasions, taking into account the geographical features of the spatial distribution of individual species.
Results of the investigation may be used during realizing tasks of ecologization of land using, especially defining priorities in the struggle with invasive species of the plants of railways. Discovered internal differentiation in expansion different allied species in Kirovohrad region gives a ground for defining the most important factors of distortion natural biodiversity in its different parts. Studying space peculiarities of expansion allied flora has a significance for create concrete actions directed to renewing initial space composition of phytocenosis and landscapes distorted by invasions.
Key words: invasive flora, railway tracks, Kirovohrad region, adventitia, ragweed, grindelia spread, itching eastern.
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Khaytbayeva, Nodira, and Qalandar Bababekov. "Geographical distribution of wheat fusariosis in the central and south regions of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 421 (2023): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342103004.
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The article offers a comprehensive exploration of the geographical distribution of wheat fusarium, focusing on both central and select southern regions within Uzbekistan. The study delves into the symptoms of fusarium disease and elucidates the extent of its impact on crop productivity. Furthermore, it investigates the spread of this disease across diverse soil and climatic conditions within Uzbekistan, spanning the period from 2021 to 2023. The research outcomes underscore critical findings related to fusarium-infected plants. Notably, infected plants exhibit an absence of a budding phase, suggesting a disruption in their growth cycle. Experimental evidence confirms the formation of only one spike from a single plant, emphasizing the negative effects of the disease on plant reproductive structures. The article additionally examines the quantitative aspects of wheat production in relation to fusarium. Findings reveal that fields plagued by the prevalence of fusarium exhibit a lower spike formation rate, with approximately 250-300 spikes forming per square meter. This figure contrasts with healthier plants, which yield a more substantial output, exceeding 400 spikes per square meter. By offering insights into the geographical spread, symptomology, and productivity repercussions of wheat fusarium, this article advances our understanding of the disease’s impact on agricultural systems. The presented results provide valuable information for practitioners seeking effective management strategies against fusarium, ultimately contributing to the maintenance of healthy wheat crops and sustained agricultural productivity.
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Levin, Donald A. "Ancient Dispersals, Propagule Pressure, and Species Selection in Flowering Plants." Systematic Botany 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364406778388692.
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The importance of ancient long-distance migrations in shaping the geographical structure of genera and families is becoming ever more apparent. The long-distance immigrants were not random samples of their floras, but had attributes which made them prime candidates for the intercontinental sweepstakes. High propagule dispersability was one such trait. I propose that these invasive species also must have produced large numbers of propagules across their ranges, by virtue of large population numbers and sizes. They probably were widespread, major elements in their floras. These ideas are supported by the fact that propagule pressure is a prime determinant of a contemporary species' invasion potential, as is the size of its native geographical distribution. I propose that highly dispersable and propagule-rich lineages are likely to have high speciation rates, because access to new regions affords opportunities for ecological and geographical speciation. These lineages also may persist longer, being more broadly distributed in space. The evolutionary advantage of these lineages extends to periods of climatic change.
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Bustamante, Ramiro O., Daniela Quiñones, Milen Duarte, Estefany Goncalves, and Lohengrin A. Cavieres. "Invasive Stages within Alien Species and Hutchinson’s Duality: An Example Using Invasive Plants of the Family Fabaceae in Central Chile." Plants 11, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11081063.
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To understand the factors that limit invasive expansion in alien species, it is critical to predict potential zones of colonization. Climatic niche can be an important way to predict the potential distribution of alien species. This correlation between niche and geographic distribution is called Hutchinson’s duality. A combination of global and regional niches allows four invasive stages to be identified: quasi-equilibrium, local adaptation, colonization and sink stage. We studied the invasive stages of six alien leguminous species either in the niche or the geographical space. In five of the six species, a higher proportion of populations were in the quasi-equilibrium stage. Notably, Acacia species had the highest proportion of populations in local adaptation. This picture changed dramatically when we projected the climatic niche in the geographic space: in all species the colonization stage had the highest proportional projected area, ranging from 50 to 90%. Our results are consistent with Hutchinson’s duality, which predicts that small areas in the niche space can be translated onto large areas of the geographic space. Although the colonization stage accounted for a low proportion of occurrences, in all species, the models predicted the largest areas for this stage. This study complements invasive stages, projecting them in geographic space.
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Kurtz, Deborah, Richard Aspinall, and Katherine Hansen. "Geographical Analysis of the Distribution and Spread of Exotic Plant Species in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 22 (January 1, 1998): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1998.3347.
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The effects of introduced exotic species in natural environments are becoming important issues in conservation biology and natural resource management and recent scientific literature reveals increasing concern regarding the spread of invasive exotic plant species (Allen, 1996; Vitousek et al. 1996; Walker and Smith, 1997). Ecological consequences of these species include increased competition for space, water, and nutrients with native plants (which could result in a decrease in biodiversity), decreased forage quality for native ungulates, and changes in the microenvironments where the establishments took place (Woods, 1997). Sheley et al (1998) list several ecologically and economically detrimental impacts of exotic species. The National Park Service recognizes the need to protect ecosystems from exotic species (National Park Service, 1997) through management based on the ability to predict species distributions and spread, and monitoring in areas that are most susceptible to invasion. Recommended strategies for preventing the spread of exotic species include developing an early warning system to identify and eradicate new infestations of exotic plants in National Parks, and continued inventory and monitoring of exotic plants (National Park Service, 1997). These strategies will be based on assessment of the distribution and spread of exotic plants (National Park Service, 1997) using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies for mapping and monitoring exotic plants, and models to predict the invasiveness and spread of exotic plants. In Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), exotic species are a great concern for park managers (National Park Service, 1997). Of the 1000 species of flowering plants within GTNP, there are also four (possibly five) rare plants that may be threatened as a result of competition with exotics (Wyoming Rare Plant Technical Committee, 1994): Draba borealis (Boreal draba), Epipactis gigantea (Giant helleborine), Lesquerella carinata var. carinata (Keeled bladderpod), Lesquerella paysonni (Payson's bladderpod), and possibly Draba densifolia var. apiculata (Rockcress draba). The continued survival of these sensitive plants in GTNP increases the need for management of exotic plants. GTNP has implemented a classification system for exotic plant species that consists of three priority levels (GTNP, 1997a). Priority 1 species are designated as "noxious" since they are capable of invading natural ecosystems and disrupting or displacing native vegetation. Currently, there are thirteen exotic plant species with a Priority 1 status within GTNP (Table 1 ).
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Liao, Guoxiang, Xiaodan Ning, Yuling Yang, Zongde Wang, Guorong Fan, Xuefang Wang, Dan Fu, et al. "Main Habitat Factors Driving the Phenotypic Diversity of Litsea cubeba in China." Plants 12, no. 21 (November 6, 2023): 3781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213781.
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Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. is an important woody spice tree in southern China, and its fruit is a rich source of valuable essential oil. We surveyed and sampled L. cubeba germplasm resources from 36 provenances in nine Chinese provinces, and detected rich phenotypic diversity. The survey results showed that plants of SC-KJ, SC-HJ, and SC-LS provenance presented higher leaf area (LA); YN-SM and YN-XC plants had larger thousand-grain fresh weight (TFW); and HN-DX plants had the highest essential oil content (EOC). To explain the large differences in the phenotypes of L. cubeba among different habitats, we used Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression path analysis, and redundancy analysis to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of L. cubeba. It was found that compared to other traits, leaf and fruit traits had more significant geographical distributions, and that leaf phenotypes were correlated to fruit phenotypes. The results showed that elevation, latitude, longitude, total soil porosity (SP), soil bulk density (SBD), and average annual rainfall (AAR, mm) contributed significantly to the phenotypic diversity of L. cubeba. Geographical factors explained a higher percentage of variation in phenotypic diversity than did soil factors and climate factors. Plants of SC-KJ and HN-DX provenances could be important resources for domestication and breeding to develop new high-yielding varieties of this woody aromatic plant. This study describes significant phenotypic differences in L. cubeba related to adaptation to different environments, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of a breeding strategy and for optimizing L. cubeba cultivation.
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Simaika, John P., Michael Samways, and Sven M. Vrdoljak. "Species turnover in plants does not predict turnover in flower-visiting insects." PeerJ 6 (December 21, 2018): e6139. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6139.
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Congruence between plant and insect diversity is considered possibly useful in conservation planning, as the better known plants could be surrogates for the lesser known insects. There has been little quantification of congruence across space, especially in biodiversity rich areas. We compare here species richness, and turnover relationships between plants and flower-visiting insects across space (0.5–80 km) in natural areas of a biodiversity hotspot, the Greater Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. A total of 22,352 anthophile individuals in 198 species and 348 plant species were sampled. A comparison between the plants and anthophiles suggest significant concordance between the two assemblages. However, turnover was weaker in plants than in anthophiles. Plant turnover decreased with greater geographical distance between plot pairs. In contrast, insect turnover remained high with increasing geographical distance between plot pairs. These findings suggest that while patterns of plant diversity and distribution shape flower-visiting insect assemblages, they are not reliable surrogates. The conservation significance of these results is that specialist mutualisms are at greatest risk, and that set-asides on farms would help improve the functional connectivity leading to the maintenance of the full range of mutualisms.
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Trøjelsgaard, Kristian, Pedro Jordano, Daniel W. Carstensen, and Jens M. Olesen. "Geographical variation in mutualistic networks: similarity, turnover and partner fidelity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1802 (March 7, 2015): 20142925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2925.
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Although species and their interactions in unison represent biodiversity and all the ecological and evolutionary processes associated with life, biotic interactions have, contrary to species, rarely been integrated into the concepts of spatial β-diversity. Here, we examine β-diversity of ecological networks by using pollination networks sampled across the Canary Islands. We show that adjacent and distant communities are more and less similar, respectively, in their composition of plants, pollinators and interactions than expected from random distributions. We further show that replacement of species is the major driver of interaction turnover and that this contribution increases with distance. Finally, we quantify that species-specific partner compositions (here called partner fidelity) deviate from random partner use, but vary as a result of ecological and geographical variables. In particular, breakdown of partner fidelity was facilitated by increasing geographical distance, changing abundances and changing linkage levels, but was not related to the geographical distribution of the species. This highlights the importance of space when comparing communities of interacting species and may stimulate a rethinking of the spatial interpretation of interaction networks. Moreover, geographical interaction dynamics and its causes are important in our efforts to anticipate effects of large-scale changes, such as anthropogenic disturbances.
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Lieberman, Bruce S., and Alycia L. Stigall Rode. "Paleobiogeography: Tracking the Coevolution of the Earth and its Biota." Paleontological Society Papers 11 (October 2005): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001200.
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Biogeography is a scientific discipline with a rich intellectual heritage extending back at least to the 18th century, and the discipline figured prominently in the development of ideas on evolution (see review in Lieberman, 2000). During the development of ideas on evolution, an important analogy was recognized between patterns of change in organisms across geographic space and patterns of change in organisms through geological time. For instance, Alfred Russel Wallace argued that, “If we now consider the geographical distribution of animals and plants upon the Earth, we shall find all the facts beautifully in accordance with, and readily explained by, the present hypothesis (Evolution). A country having species, genera, and whole families peculiar to it, will be the necessary result of its having been isolated for a long period…The phenomena of geological distribution are exactly analogous to those of geography. Closely related species are found associated in the same beds, and the change from species to species appears to have been as gradual in time as in space.” (Wallace, 1855 in Brooks, 1984, p. 75). Charles Darwin felt it was important enough to remark in the very introduction to his On the Origin of Species that, “…when on board H.M.S. ‘Beagle,’ as naturalist, I was much struck with certain facts in the distribution of the organic beings inhabiting South America, and in the geological relations of the present to the past inhabitants of that continent. These facts, as will be seen in the latter chapters of this volume, seemed to throw some light on the origin of species-that mystery of mysteries” (Darwin, 1859, p. 1).
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Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Jesús Herrera-Bravo, Prabhakar Semwal, Sakshi Painuli, Himani Badoni, Shahira M. Ezzat, Mai M. Farid, et al. "Artemisia spp.: An Update on Its Chemical Composition, Pharmacological and Toxicological Profiles." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5628601.
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Artemisia plants are traditional and ethnopharmacologically used to treat several diseases and in addition in food, spices, and beverages. The genus is widely distributed in all continents except the Antarctica, and traditional medicine has been used as antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral agents. This review is aimed at systematizing scientific data on the geographical distribution, chemical composition, and pharmacological and toxicological profiles of the Artemisia genus. Data from the literature on Artemisia plants were taken using electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected papers for this updated study included data about phytochemicals, preclinical pharmacological experimental studies with molecular mechanisms included, clinical studies, and toxicological and safety data. In addition, ancient texts and books were consulted. The essential oils and phytochemicals of the Artemisia genus have reported important biological activities, among them the artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone, with antimalarial activity. Artemisia absinthium L. is one of the most famous Artemisia spp. due to its use in the production of the absinthe drink which is restricted in most countries because of neurotoxicity. The analyzed studies confirmed that Artemisia plants have many traditional and pharmacological applications. However, scientific data are limited to clinical and toxicological research. Therefore, further research is needed on these aspects to understand the full therapeutic potential and molecular pharmacological mechanisms of this medicinal species.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spice plants – geographical distribution"
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Robertson, Mark Peter. "Predictive modelling of species' potential geographical distributions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007189.
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Models that are used for predicting species' potential distributions are important tools that have found applications in a number of areas of applied ecology. The majority of these models can be classified as correlative, as they rely on strong, often indirect, links between species distribution records and environmental predictor variables to make predictions. Correlative models are an alternative to more complex mechanistic models that attempt to simulate the mechanisms considered to underlie the observed correlations with environmental attributes. This study explores the influence of the type and quality of the data used to calibrate correlative models. In terms of data type, the most popular techniques in use are group discrimination techniques, those that use both presence and absence locality data to make predictions. However, for many organisms absence data are either not available or are considered to be unreliable. As the available range of profile techniques (those using presence only data) appeared to be limited, new profile techniques were investigated and evaluated. A new profile modelling technique based on fuzzy classification (the Fuzzy Envelope Model) was developed and implemented. A second profile technique based on Principal Components Analysis was implemented and evaluated. Based on quantitative model evaluation tests, both of these techniques performed well and show considerable promise. In terms of data quality, the effects on model performance of false absence records, the number of locality records (sample size) and the proportion of localities representing species presence (prevalence) in samples were investigated for logistic regression distribution models. Sample size and prevalence both had a significant effect on model performance. False absence records had a significant influence on model performance, which was affected by sample size. A quantitative comparison of the performance of selected profile models and group discrimination modelling techniques suggests that different techniques may be more successful for predicting distributions for particular species or types of organism than others. The results also suggest that several different model design! sample size combinations are capable of making predictions that will on average not differ significantly in performance for a particular species. A further quantitative comparison among modelling techniques suggests that correlative techniques can perform as well as simple mechanistic techniques for predicting potential distributions.
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Burger, Lynton Francois. "The distribution patterns and community structure of the Tsitsikamma rocky littoral ichthyofauna." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005104.
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The results of a community survey of the rocky intertidal and subtidal reef ichthyofauna of the Tsitsikamma National Park and adjacent areas are presented. An updated species checklist is given, comprising 116 species of 46 families, including a new genus and species of Tripterygiid. Single species are shown to dominate, in terms of numbers, both the cryptic and subtidal components for all the areas sampled down the vertical profile. Species richness, evenness and diversity are found to increase with depth for both the cryptic and suprabenthic components. A community level feeding study shows an increase in trophic specialisation with depth and food availability is found to be an important factor delimiting littoral fish vertical distribution. The nursery function of the Tsitsikamma rocky littoral area is assessed and it is shown that shallow littoral areas as a whole are more important than intertidal pools alone in functioning as nurseries. The results of the study are found to fit into the existing trend of an increase in species richness and diversity, from west to east, along the South African coast. A significant difference is shown between the observed frequencies of species on exploited reefs outside the Park and unexploited reefs inside the Park. The density of the key reef predator Petrus rupestris is shown to be nine times more abundant on deep reef inside the park compared to deep reef outside the park (0.0045 fish/m² and 0.0005 fish/m² respectively) and a paucity of larger individuals of this species on exploited reefs is noted. Marked differences in the relative abundance of other species between exploited and unexploited reefs are evident and it is hypothesised that community disruption has occurred on exploited reefs, either directly or indirectly because of the removal of P. rupestris. These results are discussed in the context of marine reserves as a conservation strategy and a recommendation is made to extend the 5.6km seaward boundary of the Tsitsikamma National Park westwards to include the large concentration of presently exploited rocky reefs between the Blaaukrans river mouth and Natures Valley.
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Moat, Justin. "Plant conservation in space, time and a changing world : forecasting the fate of Coffea arabica in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52174/.
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We are facing an ever-increasing environmental crisis on our planet, with multiple threats from humankind. Industrialisation, deforestation, overpopulation and exploitation of our natural resources is driving species to extinction and changing the environment we live in. We need to plan for the future in order to adapt or mitigate these risks. Recent advances in computing and analytical techniques, plus the rise of readily available spatial data, provide us with a means to understand the complex interactions between species, environmental change and human activity. Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) is a critically important crop species in several tropical countries. Globally its export value is over $13 billion dollars per year. Wild populations of this species are of immense importance to the global coffee sector, due to the traits associated with the standing genetic diversity, such as disease resilience, new flavour profiles, and agronomically favourable morphological variation (root length; compact habit). In its countries of origin, Ethiopia and South Sudan, the wild species provides the planting stock for a multi-million-dollar export sector. Arabica coffee is well known across the globe, as the increasingly popular beverage coffee. The ubiquitous cultural nature of coffee drinking means that coffee acts as a flagship species for demonstrating science and the benefits of conservation and sustainable use, enabling the findings of this thesis to gain traction with a wider audience, who might otherwise not engage with research and social and environmental issues. Coffea arabica is greatly influenced by climate. The wild and cultivated variants of this species are restricted to a relatively narrow climate niche, within Ethiopia and anywhere where it is cultivated. Coffee production is considerably influenced by changes in rainfall, temperature or seasonality. Ethiopia has already experienced climate change; mean temperatures from the 1960s onwards show an average increase of 0.28 °C per decade, a shortening wet season, and an increase in the number of hot days. The continuation of this rapid change in climate will influence both wild populations and production of Arabica coffee in Ethiopia. Within this thesis I forecast the fate of wild and cultivated Arabica coffee in Ethiopia, under climate change, reviewing risks and opportunities from the recent past until the end of the century. To do this I developed several novel methods, which are initially used to project the future of wild and cultivated coffee cultivation in Ethiopia. For the wild species, I have developed several new spatial techniques, particularly dealing with the issue of the “modifiable areal unit problem” within species extinction risk assessments. I have updated and refined existing techniques into one package, allowing multiple future climate scenarios/projections to be processed and assessed quickly. I present my scientific findings in the form of five submitted manuscripts (see ‘List of original articles’, on p.8). Using the findings, results and recommendations from these papers, I repurpose the outputs and impact of the science, graphically and within various media (including two more manuscripts, media and social media), for multiple audiences. Using these spatial techniques and visualisations, I show the impact climate change will have on Arabica coffee in Ethiopia, both as a crop and as a wild species within the humid forests of the country. I show that the present coffee-growing areas could be reduced by up to 60% if no interventions are made, but conversely, that there is an opportunity to increase the coffee growing area of Ethiopia four-fold if the right actions are taken. For wild Arabica coffee I show that the species is threatened with extinction due to climate change. Specifically, I show that wild Arabica coffee would be assessed as Least Concern (under little or no risk; IUCN Extinction Red List) if climate change is not factored in, as opposed to Endangered (threatened with extinction) if climate change is included in an extinction risk assessment. The work in this thesis demonstrates the power of spatial analysis, modelling, and high data quality, for plant conservation.
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Foster, Sharla. "Quantifying the Expansion of an Invasive Plant Species, Dog-strangling Vine (Vincetoxicum rossicum), in Environmental and Geographic Space Over the Past 130 Years." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42478.
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Invasive plant species are an increasing global threat to native biodiversity. Effective management depends on accurate predictions of their spread. However, modelling the geographic distribution of invasive species, particularly with methods like correlative species distribution models (SDMs), is challenging. SDMs operate under the assumption that species are in equilibrium with their environment (i.e., they occur in all suitable environments); this assumption is more likely to be violated for a species that is still in the process of colonizing suitable environments. SDMs also assume that environmental constraints are the most important factors determining a species' distribution. However, these assumptions are not commonly assessed, and when violated can have consequences for model reliability. I investigated SDM performance and equilibrium in the invasive Vincetoxicum rossicum vine in northeastern North America. Vincetoxicum rossicum has a long, detailed history of occurrence records in its invaded range, which enabled me to observe trends in equilibrium and model performance over a relatively long time scale. I tested the hypotheses that: 1) invasive species approach equilibrium in environmental and geographic space over time; 2) SDM performance will increase as V. rossicum approaches environmental equilibrium; and 3) range expansion in the early stages of an invasion is primarily a function of dispersal rather than environmental constraints, while the reverse is true in later stages. I found that V. rossicum has reached equilibrium in environmental space, but is still expanding its geographic range. SDM performance was poor in the first 30 years following introduction, but then improved as V. rossicum approached environmental equilibrium. SDMs were outperformed by spatial dispersal models in the earliest time period, however, the reverse was true for all subsequent time periods. Overall, these results suggest that V. rossicum’s distribution is becoming more stable and more predictable over time and that models built using the most recent data for this species, will be the most transferable across time and space. Additionally, my findings highlight the need for researchers modelling invasive species’ distributions to consider the inherent assumptions, biases, and unique features related to SDMs and SDMs of invasive species.
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Dalle, Sarah Paule. "The spatial distribution of traditional plant resources on an indigenous territory (Darien, Panama) and implications for management /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33389.
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Ecological research aimed at the conservation of useful plants has rarely considered the spatial distribution of resources nor the potential implications for management. In this thesis I examined the spatial patterning of a group of 23 useful plant species on the 3,500 ha territory of a Kuna community in Darien, Panama. A systematic random sampling scheme was used to survey the distribution and abundance of the species, as well as the physical environment. A series of canonical analyses was conducted to evaluate the species-environment relationships and to identify spatial structures in the species distributions left unexplained by the environmental variables. Four distinct distribution patterns were identified among the species; these were most strongly explained by land-use, the degree of canopy closure and topography. Significant spatial structures, independent of the environmental variables, were related to anthropogenic pressures and an edaphic gradient. The habitat associations of the individual species are described and data on one species, Sabal mauritiiformis , is used to illustrate the utility of these data in the management of plant resources on human landscapes.
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Gilbert, Benjamin. "Determinants of native and non-native plant distributions in a temperate forest understory." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19731.
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A new sampling method that decouples spatial and environmental correlations was developed and applied to a temperate forest understory. Data were used to contrast niche theory with neutral theory, and only showed support for niche theory. A spatial and environmental partitioning analysis indicated that the effects of dispersal are primarily important within the spatial extent of environments suitable for a given species. The same sampling data were used to test correlates of non-native species invasion at a species level and as a group. The distributions of non-native plant species are also better explained by the niche model; however, non-native species do not appear to negatively impact native species, nor to be negatively impacted by native species. Together, these results suggest that the forest understory is strongly niche-structured, but likely not saturated. Diversity in this forest appears to be primarily determined by regional processes, and only secondarily by local species interactions.
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Midgley, John Claude. "Invasive perennial species in an agricultural area of the Western Cape Province : distribution and relationship with various land-use types." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20899.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This project consists of two botanical investigations in an agricultural area of the Western Cape Province. A farm known as De Rust, in the Elgin Valley, was used to sample the geographic location, density, height and life stage of six prominent invasive plant species in various land-use categories. In the first investigation, the density, height and age structures of the six invasive species populations were analyzed. The density distribution of the six species was also displayed cartographically. Species were then ranked according to the potential threat that they pose to the conservation of the remaining natural areas on the farm. Results indicated that Acacia mearnsii and Acacia saligna are the major invaders at De Rust and that Hakea sericea can be considered as an emerging invader. The second investigation explores the statistical relationship between the various land-use categories and density, height and age of the six prominent invaders identified in the first investigation. The loglikelihood ratio analysis of observed frequencies resulted in statistically significant (P<0.01; P-values range between 1.35 x 10-3 and 2.7 x 10-224) relationships between certain land-use types and certain invasive species. A conclusion was reached that it could be useful to include land-use categories in simulation models of invasive plant species distribution and spread.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie projek behels twee botaniese ondersoeke in ‘n landbou gebied van die Weskaap. Die plaas bekend as De Rust, in die Elgin Vallei, was gebruik vir die versameling van data te doen met die geografiese ligging, plant digtheid, lengte en lewens stadium van ses prominente indringer plant spesies in verskeie landgebruik kategorieë. Die digtheid, lengte en ouderdomstruktuur van ses indringerspesies was in die eerste ondersoek geanaliseer. Die verspreiding van digtheid was ook in kaarte uitgelê. Spesies was daarna volgens hulle potentiële dreiging teen die bewaring van oorblywende natuurlike dele van die plaas in ‘n rangorde geplaas. Resiltate dui aan dat Acacia mearnsii en Acacia saligna die belangrikste indringer plante op De Rust is en dat Hakea sericea as ‘n opkomende indringer beskou kan word. Die tweede ondersoek kyk na die verhouding tussen verskeie grondgebruik kategorië en die digtheid, lengte en ouderdom van die ses prominente indringer spesies wat in die eerste ondersoek identifiseër is. ‘n Log tipe ratios ontleding van bewaarde frekwensies het ‘n statisties belangrike uitkoms gehad (P<0.01; P-waardes tussen 1.35 x 10-3 en 2.7 x 10-224) vir die verhoudings tussen sekere grondgebruik tipes en sekere indringer spesies. Die gevolgtrekking was dat dit handig mag wees om grondgebruik kategorieë in simulasies van indringer plant verspreiding te gebruik.
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Gilbert, Matthew Edmund. "The zonation of coastal dune plants in relation to sand burial, resource availability and physiological adaptation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003764.
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When considering the large amount of work done on dune ecology, and that a number of the classical ecological theories originate from work on dunes, it is apparent that there remains a need for physiological and mechanistic explanations of dune plant phenomena. This thesis demonstrated that in the extreme coastal environment dune plants must survive both high rates of burial (disturbance), and low nutrient availability (stress). The ability of four species to respond to these two factors corresponded with their position in a vegetation gradient on the dunes. A low stem tissue density was shown to enhance the potential stem elongation rate of buried plants, but reduced the maximum height to which a plant could grow. Such a tradeoff implies that tall light-competitive plants are able to survive only in stable areas, while burial responsive mobile-dune plants are limited to areas of low vegetation height. This stem tissue density tradeoff was suggested as the mechanism determining the zonation that species show within the dune vegetation gradient present at various sites in South Africa. Finally, detailed investigations of dune plant ecophysiology found that: 1) The resources used in the response to burial derive from external sources of carbon and nitrogen, as well as simple physiological and physical mechanisms of resource allocation. 2) The leaves of dune plants were found to be operating at one extreme of the photosynthetic continuum; viz efficient use of leaf nitrogen at the expense of water loss. 3) Contrary to other ecosystems, the environmental characteristics of dunes may allow plants to occupy a high disturbance, high stress niche, through the maintenance of lowered competition. 4) At least two mobile-dune species form steep dunes, and are able to optimise growth, on steeper dunes, such that they have to grow less in response to burial than plants that form more shallow dunes. In this thesis, it was shown that the link between the carbon and nitrogen economies of dune plants was pivotal in determining species distributions and survival under extreme environmental conditions. As vast areas of the world’s surface are covered by sand dunes these observations are not just of passing interest.
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Pollito, Percy Amilcar Zevallos. "Dendrologia, anatomia do lenho e "status" de conservação das espécies lenhosas dos gêneros Cinchona, Croton e Uncaria no estado do Acre, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-19072004-171748/.
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No presente trabalho foram estudadas 8 espécies lenhosas dos gêneros Cinchona (C. amazonica Standl.), Croton (C. billbergianus Müll.Arg., C. floribundus Spreng., C. lechleri, Müell.Arg., C. matourensis Aubl., C. palanostigma Klotzsch) e Uncaria (U. guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. Gmel. e U. tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC.) de interesse medicinal e ocorrentes no Estado do Acre, Brasil. Dessas plantas foram analisadas as características dendrológicas, a estrutura anatômica do lenho, sua distribuição geográfica e status de conservação. A pesquisa consistiu de visitas de campo a diferentes regiões do Estado, coleta de material botânico e do lenho das plantas, levantamento e estudo das exsicatas das espécies em herbários nacionais e internacionais da América do Sul, revisão bibliográfica das espécies na literatura e sites especializados, descrição dos parâmetros dendrológicos e da estrutura antômica do lenho das espécies em laboratório, possibilitando a identificação das espécies dos 3 gêneros. As características dendrológicas vegetativas das plantas mostraram variações, resultado das adaptações ao meio ambiente, da idade e de sua ampla distribuição geográfica. A estrutura anatomica do lenho foi mais distinta entre famílias (Euphorbiaceae e Rubiaceae) e gêneros (Cinchona, Croton, Uncaria) e menos nas espécies, constituindose em parâmetro importante e auxiliar na sua identificação. As plantas de Cinchona amazonica apresentaram baixa intensidade populacional, embora com ampla distribuição no Estado do Acre, em outros estados brasileiros e nos países amazônicos. No gênero Croton, as plantas de C.palanostigma mostraram distribuição quase pontual no Acre e extensa na Amazônia e menos ampla na América Latina; C. floribundus com ocorrência pontual no Acre, distribuição concentrada no Estado de São Paulo e em outros estados brasileiros e no Paraguai; C. matourensis encontram-se bem distribuídas no Acre e em outros estados brasileiros e países amazônicos, até o Panamá; C. lechleri ocorrem somente no sudeste do Estado do Acre, na Bolívia, Colômbia, Peru e Equador; C. billbergianus encontram-se bem distribuídas no Estado do Acre, escassa em outros estados amazônicos, ocorrendo em outros países da América Latina até o México. As plantas de Uncaria guianensis e U. tomentosa foram as de maior abundância no Estado do Acre e em toda a Amazônia brasileira, sendo U. tomentosa de menor abundância e distribuição muito ampla ocorrendo, inclusive, até a América Central. Com respeito ao status de conservação, as plantas de Croton billergianus, C. matourensis e Uncaria guianensis foram incluídas na categoria LC (comuns e abundantes ou fora de perigo), Cinchona amazonica, Croton lechleri e C. palanostigma em CR (perigo crítico), Uncaria tomentosa em VU (perigo a médio prazo) e Croton floribundus em DD (informação insuficiente). A presença destas espécies não foi constatada nas unidades de conservação do Estado do Acre e, no momento, as florestas onde ocorrem estão sendo exploradas para a extração da madeira, de fármacos e para a ampliação da fronteira agropecuária. Nos herbários das instituições de pesquisa e de ensino do Estado do Acre as coleções de plantas das espécies de Cinchona, Croton e Uncaria são escassas em comparação com as de outros Estados do Brasil e dos países visitados.This research studied eight wood species of the genus Cinchona (C. amazonica Standl.), Croton (C. billbergianus Müll.Arg. C. floribundus Spreng.; C. lechleri, Müll.Arg.; C. matourensis Aubl. and C. palanostigma Klotzsch) and Uncaria (U. guianensis (Aubl.)J.F. Gmel. and U. tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.)DC.). All of them with medicinal interest, grown in the state of Acre (Brazil). The research consisted mainly in: field work in different regions of the state of Acre and botanical and plants collections, raising the exsiccates of the mentioned species in the most important national and international herbariums of South America, a wide bibliographical review concerning these species, dendrology description and the macro and microscopy description of the wood. The ve getative dendrological characteristics of these species showed variations with age adaptations and geographical distribution. The anatomy structures were different between families (Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae) and genus (Cinchona, Croton, Uncaria) and less within species. These results can be used for identification of these genus. In the order hand, this study shows that Cinchona amazonica had low distribution in Acre State, other Brazilian states and Amazonian countries. For Croton genus as C. palanostigma showed an almost punctual distribution in Acre, although had high distribution on the Amazon region and lowest on Latin America; C. floribundus with punctual occurrence on the Acre State and concentrated distribution in Sao Paulo State, other Brazilian States and in Paraguay; C. matourensis had high distribution in Acre, other Brazilian states and Amazonian countries, reaching up to Panama; C. lechleri grew only in the south east of Acre, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador; C. billbergianus was found well distributed in Acre, less abundant in other Amazon states and Latin countries and reaching up to Mexico. Uncaria guianensis and U. tomentosa were the most abundant species in Acre state and in all the Brazilian Amazon, and the U. tomentosa in Brazil can be considered less abundant, although with a wider distribution reaching inclusive the Central America. Concerning the conservation status, C billbergianus, C. matourensis and U. guianensis were included in the category LC (common and abundant or out of danger); Cinchona amazonica, Croton lechleri and C. palanostigma on CR (critical danger), Uncaria tomentosa on VU (medium term danger) and Croton floribundus on DD (insufficient information). One of the most important aspects to mention is that there were no evidence of any presence of these species in the conservation unites in the State of Acre, and in the forests where they occur. Also, they are cuttings for raw material for wood, pharmacological exploration and farm and cattle frontiers amplification.. This situation was verified in the State of Acre for the lower collection of plants of Cinchona, Croton and Uncaria in relation to other states in Brazil and in other countries visited.
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Freytez, Carlos Luis Vásquez. "Bioecologia do ácaro vermelho das palmeiras, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), na Venezuela." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-14092012-171151/.
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A ocorrência do ácaro vermelho das palmeiras (AVP), Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), foi relatada no Novo Mundo em 2004 e desde então este ácaro tem colonizado várias espécies de aceráceas e musáceas, assim como plantas ornamentais de outras famílias nas ilhas do Caribe, Florida (USA), Venezuela, Brasil e Colômbia. Desde aquele primeiro relato, essa espécie tem produzido consideráveis perdas econômicas em coqueiro nos países onde foi encontrada, o que tem conduzido a um interesse cada vez maior em se conhecer o impacto da praga às plantas em que este ácaro tem sido encontrado. Com o objetivo de conhecer aspectos bioecológicos do AVP na Venezuela foram feitas amostragens para determinar a distribuição geográfica nesse país assim como as plantas hospedeiras e inimigos naturais com os quais a praga tem sido encontrada. A biologia da praga foi estudada em plantas ornamentais e em espécies de palmeiras nativas do Neotrópico, para avaliar o seu potencial em causar dano a estas plantas. Além disso, foi estudada sua distribuição intra-planta, sua flutuação populacional em plantios comerciais de coqueiro e também as variações na expressão das enzimas oxidativas (POD e PPO) e o grau de peroxidação de lipídeos em genótipos de coqueiro, como respostas à alimentação deste ácaro. Foram verificados altos níveis populacionais do AVP em plantios comerciais de coqueiro e em outras plantas crescendo naturalmente no litoral na Venezuela. Em apenas oito espécies de Arecaceae, uma de Musaceae e uma de Strelitziaceae foram verificados todos os estágios de desenvolvimento do AVP, sugerindo que este se desenvolve e se reproduz nestas plantas. O ácaro fitoseídeo Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) foi o predador mais frequentemente associado com o AVP em todos os locais estudados. Maiores densidades do AVP foram observadas nas regiões mediana e basal das folhas coletadas nos estratos mediano e basal da copa da planta. Em 2010, os níveis populacionais do AVP foram mais elevados que em 2011, aparentemente em função dos níveis menores de precipitação naquele ano. O AVP conseguiu se desenvolver sobre as espécies de plantas ornamentais, mas não nas espécies de arecáceas nativas do Novo Mundo. Com relação às enzimas oxidativas, as atividades das POD, PPO e a peroxidação de lipídeos foram maiores em plantas infestadas dos cultivares Anão Amarelo da Malásia (AAM) e Gigante do Caribe (GC) quando comparadas com os respectivos controles. Além disso, maiores atividades de POD e PPO foram detectadas no cultivar AAM que no cultivar GC, tanto em plantas infestadas quando não infestadas. Em contraste, maior peroxidação de lipídeos foi verificada em plantas do cultivar GC infestadas. Estes resultados sugerem que provavelmente esses genótipos de coqueiro possuim mecanismos de resistência ao AVP, porem estudos complementares precisam ser realizados.Occurrence of the red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), was related in the New World in 2004 and since then this mite species has colonized several arecaceaous and musaceous plant species, but also ornamental species in the Caribbean Islands, Florida (USA), Venezuela, Brazil and Colombia. Since firstly reported, this mite species has provoked considerable economic losses in coconut in countries where it has been found thus raising more interest to know pest impact on plant species on which mite has been found. In order to know biological aspects of R. indica samplings were made to determine geographical distribution, and also host plants and natural enemies which are found with it. Pest biology was assessed in ornamental plants and also on palms species native to Neotropical region in order to evaluated potential to cause damage on these plant species. Besides intra-plant distribution and population fluctuation was evaluated in coconut commercial plots and also variations in oxidative enzyme expression (POD and PPO) and extent of lipid peroxidation in coconut genotypes as response to R. indica feeding. Higher population levels of RPM were verified in coconut commercial plots but also in naturally growing plants in the coastal line in Venezuela. All developmental stages of the RPM were verified only on eight Arecaceae species, one Musaceae and one Strelitziaceae species thus suggesting that mite is able to develop and reproduce on these plant species. Phytoseiid mite Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) was the most frequent predator species associated to the RPM in all of the sampling areas. Higher mite densities were observed in middle and basal portions from leaf collected from middle and basal canopy. In 2010, RPM population levels were higher than in 2011, probably as function to lower rainfall levels in that year. The RPM completed development on ornamental plant species but did not on arecaeous native to New World. In regard to oxidative enzymes, POD and PPO activities and lipid peroxidation were higher in infested plants from Malaysian Yellow Dwarf (MYD) and Caribbean Tall (CT) as compared to respective controls. Besides higher POD or PPO activities were detected in MYD cultivar than in CT both in infested or no infested plants. In contrast, higher lipid peroxidation was verified in infested CT cultivar. Our results suggest that probably these coconut genotypes exhibit resistance mechanism to the RPM, however more detailed studies are required.
Books on the topic "Spice plants – geographical distribution"
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Asʹov, B. Konspekt na visshata flora na Bŭlgarii︠a︡: Khorologii︠a︡ i florni elementi. 3rd ed. Sofii︠a︡: Bŭlgarska fondat︠s︡ii︠a︡ bioraznoobrazie, 2006.
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W, Ngugi Grace, and Kabuye Christine H. S, eds. Traditional food plants of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Resource Centre for Indigenous Knowledge, National Museums of Kenya, 1999.
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Hunault, Gérard. Atlas des plantes protégées de la Sarthe. [Paris]: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2003.
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Beesley, Stan. Urban flora of Belfast. [Belfast]: Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1997.
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D, Livermore P., ed. The flowering plants & ferns of North Lancashire. (Preston?): L.A. & P.D. Livermore, 1987.
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Straley, Gerald Bane. The rare vascular plants of British Columbia. [Toronto, Ont.]: World Wildlife Fund (Canada), 1985.
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L, McJannet Cheryl, ed. Rare vascular plants in the Canadian Arctic. Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Nature, 1993.
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Straley, Gerald Bane. The rare vascular plants of British Columbia. (Toronto, Ont.): World Wildlife Fund (Canada), 1985.
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Kuvaev, V. B. Flora subarkticheskikh gor Evrazii i vysotnoe raspredelenie ee vidov. Moskva: Tov-vo nauch. izd. KMK, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Spice plants – geographical distribution"
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Rahman, Shakeelur, and Azamal Husen. "Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Spice and Condiment Plant Species." In Medicinal Spice and Condiment Crops, 1–8. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003387046-1.
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Patil, Ravindra H., Mohini P. Patil, and Vijay L. Maheshwari. "Morphology, Ecology, Taxonomy, Diversity, Habitat and Geographical Distribution of the Apocynaceae Family." In Apocynaceae Plants, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5406-3_1.
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Embabi, Nabil Sayed. "Environmental aspects of geographical distribution of mangrove in the United Arab Emirates." In Towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants, 45–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1858-3_5.
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Kotanen, Peter M. "Direct and indirect effects of herbivores influencing plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 226–40. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0226.
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Abstract Non-native plants rarely escape damage by herbivores. Instead, upon arrival in a new region, they begin to acquire new enemies, replacing those they have lost during their migration. These herbivores can include both natives to the new region and species that have themselves been accidentally or deliberately introduced from elsewhere, potentially including examples originating from the invader's original range. Shifts of new enemies from other hosts can occur over a range of timescales, depending in part on whether evolutionary change is required, but are likely to be faster for plants that are widespread and phylogenetically related to a herbivore's original host, and faster for generalist herbivores than for specialists. The occurrence of herbivores is not necessarily uniform across an invader's range; instead, they may be less diverse or abundant in host populations that are geographically or ecologically marginal, though existing evidence is mixed. Collectively, these new suites of herbivores can affect the growth and fitness of invaders, both directly by damaging them and indirectly by attacking their competitors. Studies comparing the demographic consequences of herbivory for successful vs unsuccessful invaders may help to clarify how often such impacts limit invasiveness. The view that an invader enters 'enemy-free' space is inaccurate; instead, persistence and spread of non-native plants often may be affected by the novel and changing assemblage of herbivores that they acquire within their new distribution.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Aphelenchidae: Aphelenchoides and Bursaphelenchus species." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 58–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0003.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on: geographical distribution; host plants; symptoms; biology and life cycle; economic importance; movement and means of dispersal; pest risk analysis; invasiveness rating; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization, of Aphelenchoides and Bursaphelenchus species.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Trichodoridae: Nanidorus, Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus species." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 426–38. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0014.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on geographical distribution; host plants; vectors; symptoms; biology and life cycle; economic importance; movement and means of dispersal; pest risk analysis; invasiveness rating; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological and molecular characterization, of Nanidorus, Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus species.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Heterodoridae: Cactodera, Globodera, Heterodera and Punctodera species." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 121–96. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0007.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on geographical distribution; host plants; symptoms; biology and life cycle; economic importance; movement and means of dispersal; pest risk analysis; invasiveness rating; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization, of Cactodera, Globodera, Heterodera and Punctodera species.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Hoplolaimidae: Aphasmatylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus and Scutellonema species." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 197–240. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0008.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on geographical distribution; host plants; symptoms; biology and life cycle; economic importance; movement and means of dispersal; pest risk analysis; invasiveness rating; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization, of Aphasmatylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus and Scutellonema species.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Tylenchulidae: Tylenchulus species." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 439–45. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0015.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on geographical distribution; host plants; symptoms; biology and life cycle; economic importance; movement and means of dispersal; pest risk analysis; invasiveness rating; management measures, including cultural, pest resistance, biological, and chemical control; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological and molecular characterization, of Tylenchulus species.
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Haque, Ziaul, and Mujeebur Rahman Khan. "Pratylenchidae: Achlysiella, Hirschmanniella, Nacobbus, Pratylenchus, Radopholus and Zygotylenchus species." In Handbook of invasive plant-parasitic nematodes, 337–406. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247367.0011.
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Abstract This chapter provides information on geographical distribution; host plants; symptoms; biology and life cycle; economic importance; movement and means of dispersal; pest risk analysis; invasiveness rating; management measures, including cultural, host resistance, biological, and chemical control; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization, of Achlysiella, Hirschmanniella, Nacobbus, Pratylenchus, Radopholus and Zygotylenchus species.
Conference papers on the topic "Spice plants – geographical distribution"
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BARI, A., G. AYAD, S. PADULOSI, T. HODGKIN, A. MARTIN, J. L. GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, and A. H. D. BROWN. "ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN PLANTS USING FRACTALS." In Fractals 2006. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812774217_0026.
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Babaei, Mohammad Hosein, Ali Montazeri Zanjani, Kamyar Izadmehr, and Kazem Mazlumi. "Optimal geographical placement of solar power plants in Zanjan province." In 2024 28th International Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epdc62178.2024.10571721.
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Gezer, Dogan, Abdullah Nadar, Cem Sahin, and Nevzat Ozay. "Determination of operating reserve requirements considering geographical distribution of wind power plants." In 2011 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccep.2011.6036395.
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Degtyareva, S. I., and V. D. Dorofeeva. "METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE STATE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS USING A TEST OBJECT." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_49-55.
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To study the assessment of the state of forest ecosystems on the level of biodiversity of mosses and vascular plants in the Voronezh upland oak grove, a transect from the watershed to the reservoir was laid. The influence of geomorphological factors on the spore component – mossy and vascular plants-is considered. Taxonomic, ecological-biological, and geographical analyses of the flora were carried out. Geobotanical survey methods were used to assess the state of phytocenoses. The regularities in the ecotopic distribution of plants are revealed, taking into account the score and the projective coverage, and the parameters for assessing the biodiversity of ecosystems are proposed and used in research. Mosses and vascular plants manifest themselves differently in different phytocenoses, often without reflecting the features of landscape and ecological conditions. But, as the results showed, the majority of plant species (from 55.9% and above) belong to mesophytes. As a result, low indicators of species richness, species density, and generic.
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Skliar, Iurii, Viktoriia Skliar, Maryna Sherstiuk, and Inna Zubtsova. "DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NYMPHOIDES PELTATA (S.G. GMEL.) KUNTZE IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL AND CENOTIC CONDITIONS OF THE BASIN'S WATER BODIES DESNA RIVER (UKRAINE)." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/3.2/s12.13.
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Nymphoides peltata is a typical representative of higher aquatic plants. Despite its wide geographical distribution, N. peltata is a rather rare species. The development of effective measures to protect a species in any territory is possible only if there is complete information on the status of its populations. Study of the size and morphological structure of plants plays an important role in the system of population studies. The purpose of this publication is to characterise the dimensional values of N. peltata plants growing in the waters of the Desna River basin and to assess the impact of the leading ecological and coenotic factors on them. Five N. peltata cenopopulations were studied. Morphometric analysis was used, which was accompanied by the recording of 12 static metric morphoparameters. The results of the study showed that N. peltata plants respond to changes in ecological and cenotic conditions with a statistically significant change in the values of the leading morphological parameters and total size. As a result, plants of a characteristic habit and morphostructure are formed in each habitat. Based on the results of the study of plant size and the assessment of the influence of the leading ecological and coenotic factors, it was found that the most favourable for the formation, growth and development of N. peltata coenopopulations are large floodplain lakes, which are characterised by the following set of indicators: no current, water depth of 30�80 cm, transparency of at least 75�80% of the maximum depth, muddy bottom sediments, and projective coverage of the species of 70�95%. The habitats of the Nymphoides peltata subpurum (floodplain lake) and Nymphoides peltata�Ceratophyllum demersum (floodplain lake) communities most closely correspond to the parameters of the ecological and cenotic optimum.
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Xiao, Ning, Qingchuan Zhang, Zhiyuan Xu, and Yanna Li. "Economic and Operational Characteristics of PWR Unit Participation in Grid Peak-Load Regulation." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66237.
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Following the unceasing changes in power demand and the power utility structure in China, the load fluctuation characteristics of the power grid are gradually increasing. The capacity of the power grid’s peak-load regulation and transmission has become the bottleneck of nuclear power and intermittent renewable energy consumption. In some jurisdictions of China, the curtailment of the wind and solar power output is higher than 30%, and the unplanned halt of nuclear power plant operation happens periodically. These phenomena cause energy efficiency decreases and potential safety hazards for nuclear power generation units. How to increase the “flexibility” of the power system has become a main issue of China’s power grid that can contribute to the promotion of nuclear power plants’ production and reduce the curtailment of wind and solar energy. Based on China’s power grid structure, the power plants’ geographical distribution, the power plants’ operation characters, the power grid load characteristics, and the power grid operation modes, the performances of various types of power sources participating in daily load regulation are compared, including the peak-load regulation capacity, response characteristics, environmental benefits and economic benefits. On account of the above outcome, drawing on the experience of international research results and based on a feasible power plant’s load characteristics and operation economy, a strategy of power plants participating in peak-load regulation is proposed, and an evaluation index system is built. The strategy and index are both used to elevate the power grid’s power quality and operation economy, optimize the multi-energy coupling power supply model, and evaluate the PWR units’ core competence. A peak-load regulation strategy and policy proposal is concluded in the treatise.
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Van Summeren, Joost, Amitosh Dash, Mark Morley, Luuk De Waal, and Jip Van Steen. "Aquarellus: a numerical too to calculate accumulation of particulate matter in drinking water distribution systems." In 2nd WDSA/CCWI Joint Conference. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wdsa-ccwi2022.2022.14133.
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Despite preventive measures, turbid (vernacular: “discolored”) distributed drinking water is still a common cause for customer complaints across the world. Discoloration events are caused by the accumulation of particulate matter in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and subsequent remobilization during hydraulic events [1], although uncertainties remain concerning the specific accumulation and transport processes. For Dutch DWDSs, it is plausible that microscopic particles originating at treatment plants contribute substantially to the particulate matter that resides in DWDSs, and that physical processes within the distribution network are cardinal in the subsequent transport during distribution. Aquarellus, a predictive numerical tool has been developed to predict the accumulation of particulate material in DWDSs. It integrates hydraulic calculations using the EPANET toolbox with a particle transport module that is based on a description of gravitational settling, particle stagnation, bed load transport, and resuspension of particles in distribution pipes, depending on the shear stress near the pipe wall [2]. The performance of the multi-core calculations allows for simulating distribution network sizes that are common to Dutch water utilities (100s of km total pipe length). The user can assign the injection of multiple particle species corresponding to temporal patterns at multiple source locations. A graphical user interface handles user IO and the visualization of geographical maps as well as time-dependent build-up of particulate material across the distribution network and within individual pipes. To characterize particle properties (critical input parameters) encountered in Dutch DWDSs, we performed lab experiments on 9 samples from 3 water utilities to determine particle size distributions, mass density, mobility thresholds, and a measure for gravitational settling. Using the outcomes of these lab experiments, a sensitivity test with a range of input parameters was performed in Aquarellus. This helped determine how the variation in the relevant input parameters influence the calculated spatial patterns of accumulated particulate matter ̶ a measure for the discoloration risk. We compared the modeling results to turbidity measurements from systematic cleaning actions in a real-life Dutch distribution network (Spijkenisse). Finally, we will discuss the potential for applying the tool to assist the planning of cleaning actions and monitoring programs.
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Arifany, A. S. "Mini LNG Strategy in East Indonesia to Support 12 BSCFD National Gas Production Target, A Comparative Study With Solar and Batteries." In Indonesian Petroleum Association - 46th Annual Convention & Exhibition 2022. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa22-se-173.
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The Indonesian government has set the target for national gas production to 12 BSCFD by 2030. Mini liquified natural gas (LNG) could be the solution by liquifying the natural gas produced in East Indonesia that is likely to have future potential reserve from new exploration and production. The distribution of natural gas from East Indonesia by pipeline infrastructure is constrained by the complex geographical condition and insufficient infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to highlight a concept of mini-LNG strategy to overcome the distribution barrier of gas in East Indonesia to increase natural gas utilization in Indonesia and compare such concept with solar and battery as energy alternatives. As a methodology, a techno-economic analysis is used to compare gas liquefaction plants and LNG storage built near the gas source with solar and battery. Typically, LNG terminals for regasification and pipelines for distribution are installed near the consumer area. The natural gas from the source is liquified and transported to the consumer area in the form of liquified gas by LNG ships, then the regasified gas is distributed to the end-consumer via pipelines. As for baseline scenario, natural gas source in East Indonesia is predicted to have 145.5 TCF of natural gas. A study has projected Indonesia’s LNG consumption to be more than 700 MMSCFD from 2020 to 2029 in comparison with solar and battery. The development of mini-LNG maybe the alternative energy source for remote areas that have no installed electricity and use generators, which could save US$5.4 million by replacing the diesel feedstock for the generators. Mini LNG plants development on a large scale could support the government’s plan to produce 12 BSCFD of natural gas by 2030.
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Šiljegović, Todor, Miroslav Žerajić, and Željko Đurišić. "ANALIZA UTICAJA INTEGRACIJE VETROELEKTRANA NA KRITIČNE NAPONSKE REŽIME U PRENOSNOJ MREŽI." In 36. Savetovanja CIGRE Srbija 2023 Fleksibilnost elektroenergetskog sistema. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre36.0470s.
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The integration of renewable energy sources brings significant changes in power systems. Considering that there is a huge number of requests for the analysis of the impact of the connection of wind farms to the transmission network of Serbia, the analysis of the possible effects of wind farms on the voltage conditions in the transmission network is of particular importance. Due to their variability and different geographical distribution, they affect various aspects and parameters of the network, among which is the effective value of the operating voltage. When examining the impact of wind farm integration on critical regimes in terms of voltage conditions in the transmission network, the practice is to observe regimes in which generators have maximum active power generation, while consumption in the network is minimal. It will be shown that this is not always the case, but sometimes the maximum operating voltages occur in modes when the generation of active power of wind power plants is not maximum, and it is necessary to take other influential factors into account when analyzing those operating modes.
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Золотарев, Сергей, Sergei Zolotarev, Мария Берберова, and Mariya Berberova. "NPP Risk Assessments Results Dependence Study on the Composition of the Population Living Around the NPP (on the Example of Rostov and Kalinin NPP)." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-285-289.
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Nuclear power plants, being complex technological systems, represent a source of increased risk, in particular, a specific risk of radiation exposure. Obtaining quantitative assessments of radiation risk is critical for risk reduction and accident prevention. Existing methods for assessing radiation risk do not take into account the influence of external factors, such as population composition, geographical features, anthropogenic environmental changes, etc. The result of the risk analysis is the assessment of physical and economic indicators for the Rostov and Kalinin NPPs, taking into account the age composition of the population, as the most significant parameter. Based on a comparison of the estimates obtained with the results without taking into account the age distribution, recommendations are given on the use of adjusted estimates when developing measures to reduce risk and mitigate the consequences for the most sensitive age groups of the population (1-12 years). The objective of the work is to modify the methodological approach to the calculation of radiation risk indicators of the population, taking into account the age composition and the practical application of the formulas for assessing the physical and economic indicators of damage to real objects.
Reports on the topic "Spice plants – geographical distribution"
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Gallego Sánchez, Gerardo J., Patricia Zapata, Oscar Castañeda, Harold Suárez Baron, Ana Elizabeth Díaz Montilla, Wilson Vásquez, and Joseph M. Tohme. Use of DNA sequences for identification of possible biotypes of the fruit borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an important pest of Andean solanaceous fruits. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2015.1.
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In Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil and Honduras, the tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, is the most important fruit-related plague of the Solanaceae family. A suitable molecular characterization using a DNA barcoding system is necessary to clarify different issues inside the taxonomy of Neoleucinodes genus. Additionally, other DNA sequences used for molecular identification and phylogenetics studies, can be implemented to obtain a better understanding of the genetic variability across different animal groups and allows to acquire a enhanced description of the population s genetic variation. The main objectives of this study are: 1. Evaluate the performance of DNA barcoding sequences (COI gen and 18S rDNA gene), in the genetic characterization of populations of N. elegantalis, collected in different wild and cultivated solanaceous plants in Colombia and Ecuador. 2. Determination of possible haplotypes related with each population belonging to this species. 3.Identification of geographical patterns associated with the distribution of this insect.
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Gustafsson, Marcus, and Stephanie Cordova. Värdeskapande av koldioxid från biogasproduktion. Linköping University Electronic Press, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180753838.
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arbon dioxide (CO₂) has a negative impact on the climate, but it also has several practical areas of use. Many industrial processes emit CO₂ in high concentrations, which could be captured to mitigate emissions while also creating valuable products. One example of such a process is biogas upgrading – a process separating renewable gases, where methane is taken care of for use as vehicle fuel or industrial energy carrier, while CO₂ is released into the atmosphere. The aim of this project has been to chart alternatives and technologies for taking care of green CO₂ from biogas upgrading, so-called carbon capture and utilization (CCU), and to investigate the conditions for applying these in a Swedish context. The work has been guided by the following research questions: * How large is the current and future potential for CCU from biogas production? * What are the possible areas of use for CO₂ from biogas production? * What factors influence the choice of areas of use for CO₂ from biogas production? * How large is the environmental benefit of CCU from biogas production? To answer these questions, calculations of potentials, a multi-criteria assessment and a life cycle assessment were carried out, based on the Swedish biogas production. A reference group comprising representatives for large Swedish companies within biogas production and biogas upgrading technology was used to enable coproduction and networking between the research group and the business sector. The production of CO₂ from biogas was estimated to 160,000 ton/year in 2020, with potential to increase to 540,000 – 840,000 ton/year in a few years and 790,000 – 1,230,000 ton/year in a longer perspective, as a consequence of an expected increase in the Swedish biogas production. A large share of the CO₂ is however produced at relatively small upgrading facilities, which could limit the feasibility for CCU due to high costs for investment and operation. Adding hydrogen to transform all the CO₂ into methane could potentially increase the methane production from biogas from 2 to 3 TWh/year in a short-term perspective and from 11 to 17 TWh/year in a long-term perspective, given sufficient access to hydrogen. Other ways of utilizing CO₂ from biogas include production of biomass or chemicals, concrete curing, pH control of process water and use as a refrigerant. The choice of CCU options can be influenced by environmental, technical, economic and policy-related aspects. From the biogas producers’ perspective, methanation is the option that is the most compatible with the existing production system and business model, while other solutions usually involve another actor taking care of the CO₂. Hydrogen is required for methanation as well as for production of chemicals. Another limiting factor are the high purity requirements on all CO₂ that is distributed and sold on the market. The geographical distribution of the production plants can also be a challenge. Several CCU options can improve the environmental performance of biogas by replacing fossil-based products. The potential climate impact is the lowest if the CO₂ is methanized with renewable hydrogen or mineralized in concrete, but other forms of environmental impact can also be reduced by applying these or other CCU options. For comparison, permanent storage of CO₂ in geological formations (carbon capture and storage, CCS) only reduces the climate impact, while it increases other forms of environmental impact. Furthermore, permanently storing biogenic CO₂ can make it difficult to reduce the use of fossil CO₂ and transition to a more sustainable society. The need for carbon in many essential processes and products suggests that biogenic CO₂ should be utilized and not stored.