Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SPID controller'

Abstract. Test environments for two SPAD matrix ICs are designed and implemented in this work. The matrixes are designed as a receiver of a Raman spectrometer. The aim of the work is a computer driven system that can perform SPAD matrix measurements according to the requirements. The background of the test environments describes the function of the SPAD and the quenching circuit. Besides, the structures and functionalities of the related ICs are presented. The work is about building two separate systems including computer software, a USB data converter on a PCB, an FPGA development board and a PCB for the IC. The user controls the measurements setting measurement parameters, monitors the measurements and reads the measurement results via the software. The results can be saved in an appropriate format that can be post-processed in Matlab. The communication between the computer and the measurement tools runs over USB. The USB data converter is an interface between the USB and FPGA. The FPGA is a controller that reads the measurement results from the IC, stores them temporarily and sends them to the computer. Besides, the FPGA holds the measurement settings. The PCB around the IC is a platform that offers connectivity to voltages, control and data. Measurements were performed in order to find out how suitable the SPAD matrixes are acting as a receiver of a Raman spectrometer. It was found that a timing signal of the time gated IC reaches all the elements within 60 ps. The timing homogeneity of the other IC was estimated based on the distributions of the TDC generated time window related code words. The mean parameters from the distributions showed the delay difference between the fastest and the slowest element was 180 ps.FPGA:n ohjaama SPAD-matriisin testausympäristö. Tiivistelmä. Tässä työssä suunnitellaan ja toteutetaan testausympäristö kahdelle IC-piirille rakennetulle SPAD-matriisille. Matriisit on suunniteltu Raman-spektrometrin vastaanottimeksi. Tavoitteena on tietokoneella ohjattava järjestelmä, joka kykenee suorittamaan mittauksia SPAD-matriiseilla niille asetettujen vaatimusten mukaisesti. Testausympäristön taustaosiossa kuvataan SPADin ja sammutuspiirin toiminta. Lisäksi molempien testausympäristöön liittyvien IC-piirien rakenteet ja toiminnallisuudet esitellään. Varsinainessa työosiossa rakennetaan kaksi erillistä järjestelmää, joihin kuuluvat tietokoneen mittausohjelma, piirilevylle toteutettu USB-datamuunnin, FPGA-kehitysalusta sekä IC:n ympärille rakennettu testikortti. Käyttäjä ohjaa mittauksia mittausohjelmalla syöttäen mittausparametreja, kontrolloimalla mittauksia ja lukemalla mittaustulokset. Tulokset voidaan tarvittaessa tallentaa muotoon, jota voidaan jatkokäsitellä esimerkiksi matlabilla. Kommunikaatio mittausjärjestelmän kanssa tapahtuu USB-protokollan yli. USB-datamuunnin toimii rajapintana USB-protokollan ja FPGA:n välillä. FPGA toimii kontrollerina, jonka tehtävinä ovat mittaustulosten lukeminen IC-piiriltä, välivarastointi ja lähettäminen tietokoneelle sekä mittausasetusten asettaminen. IC:n ympärille rakennettu testikortti toimii fyysisenä alustana, joka tarjoaa IC:lle jännite-, ohjaus- ja dataliittimet. Testausympäristössä suoritettiin mittauksia, joilla selvitettiin SPAD-matriisien soveltuvuutta Raman-spektrometrin vastaanottimeksi. Mittauksissa havaittiin, että aikaportitetussa piirissä ajoitusmerkki saapui kaikkiin SPAD elementteihin 60 ps sisällä. Toisen piirin mittauksissa ajoituksen homogeenisyyttä arvioitiin TDC:n generoimien koodisanojen jakauman perusteella. Jakaumista poimittujen keskiarvoparametrin perusteella nopeimman ja hitaimman elementin välinen erotus oli 180 ps.

This thesis demonstrates two new device concepts that are based on the tunneling and giant magnetoresistance effects. The first is a semiconductor-free asymmetric magnetic double tunnel junction that is shown to work as a diode, while at the same time exhibiting a record high magnetoresistance. It is experimentally verified that a diode effect, with a rectification ratio of at least 100, can be obtained in this type of system, and that a negative magnetoresistance of nearly 4000% can be measured at low temperature. The large magnetoresistance is attributed to spin resonant tunneling, where the parallel and antiparallel orientation of the magnetic moments shifts the energy levels in the middle electrode, thereby changing their alignment with the conduction band in the outer electrodes. This resonant tunneling can be useful when scaling down magnetic random access memory; eliminating the need to use external diodes or transistors in series with each bit. The second device concept is a thermally controlled spin-switch; a novel way to control the free-layer switching and magnetoresistance in spin-valves. By exchange coupling two ferromagnetic films through a weakly ferromagnetic Ni-Cu alloy, the coupling is controlled by changes in temperature. At room temperature, the alloy is weakly ferromagnetic and the two films are exchange coupled through the alloy. At a temperature higher than the Curie point, the alloy is paramagnetic and the two strongly ferromagnetic films decouple. Using this technique, the read out signal from a giant magnetoresistance element is controlled using both external heating and internal Joule heating. No degradation of device performance upon thermal cycling is observed. The change in temperature for a full free-layer reversal is shown to be 35 degrees Celsius for the present Ni-Cu alloy. It is predicted that this type of switching theoretically can lead to high frequency oscillations in current, voltage, and temperature, where the frequency is controlled by an external inductor or capacitor. This can prove to be useful for applications such as voltage controlled oscillators in, for example, frequency synthesizers and function generators. Several ways to optimize the thermally controlled spin switch are discussed and conceptually demonstrated with experiments.<br>QC 20120313

Plasmonic metasurfaces provide a novel platform for designing and implementing optical functional devices with distinguished advantages of their compactness and ultrathin footprint over traditional optical elements. The constituent metallic structures, or so-called "meta-atoms" or "meta-molecule" can interact with light at a subwavelength scale and introduce local modulations over multiple degrees of freedom like amplitude, phase, polarization, etc. The specific functions of the devices are then realized by assembling those meta-atoms together to form a planar interface with predesigned distributions. In this thesis we mainly studied nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces made of gold meta-atoms for second harmonic generations (SHG). These metasurfaces work in the near infrared regime, and exhibit spin-controlled nonlinear responses due to the nonlinear geometric Pancharatnam-Berry phase-based designs. Firstly, a quasicrystal metasurface was demonstrated to modulate the far-field second harmonic radiations based on both the local symmetry of the meta-atoms and the global symmetry of the lattice those meta-atoms adhere to. Our designs of the nonlinear optical quasicrystal metasurfaces are based on the well-known Penrose tiling and the newly found bronze-mean hexagonal quasiperiodic tiling. The optical diffraction behaviors are studied in both linear and nonlinear regimes to reveal the effects of local and global symmetries on the far-field radiations. Secondly, a polarization manipulation metasurface was designed to encode a grayscale image into the polarization profiles of the generated second harmonic waves. We use single meta-atoms to manipulate the polarization directions of the second harmonic waves into predefined directions. With homogenous intensity profiles, the vectorial second harmonic beam can encode and decode information securely. At last, we utilized the state-of-the-art nano-kirigami technology to design and fabricate a three-dimensional plasmonic metasurface, which exhibits giant nonlinear circular dichroism in second harmonic generations. The second harmonic generations from the metasurface is much stronger when pumping by right circularly polarized fundamental waves than left circularly polarized ones. Broadband near-unity nonlinear circular dichroism was observed and numerical models were developed to explain the phenomenon. We believe that our works presented in this thesis enriched the study of plasmonic metasurfaces in the nonlinear optical regimes, and may be used to design novel nonlinear light sources, encryption applications, chiroptical devices, etc.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des propriétés de transport statique et dynamique du gaz d'électrons bidimensionnel supraconducteur à l'interface LaAlO3/SrTiO3. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions l'effet du désordre microscopique induit par le dopage en Chrome, sur la supraconductivité et le couplage spin-orbite en fonction de la densité de porteur modulée par effet de champ. Dans une géométrie de grille locale au-dessus du gaz, nous montrons le contrôle électrostatique de la transition supraconducteur-isolant. De même, nous analysons l'ajustement du couplage spin-orbite contrôlé par effet de champ. A l'aide de méthodes de nanofabrication par lithographie électronique, nous démontrons la première réalisation d'un point critique quantique dans LaAlO3/SrTiO3. En changeant le confinement latéral et le niveau de Fermi par effet de champ, nous sommes capables de régler le nombre de canaux conducteurs dans l'état normal et de mesurer la quantification de la conductance. Enfin, nous présentons des mesures radio-fréquence qui donnent accès aux propriétés dynamiques du gaz supraconducteur. L'évolution de la conductivité en fonction de la densité de porteurs et de la température est comparée avec la théorie standard BCS/Mattis-Bardeen d'une part, et avec la théorie BKT d'autre part<br>This thesis is devoted to the study of static and dynamical transport properties of the superconducting two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. Under strong 2D confinement, the degeneracy of the t$_{2g}$ bands of SrTiO$_3$ is lifted at the interface, generating a rich and complex band structure. Starting from a free electron model, we derive numerically a self-consistent calculation of the potential well and the band structure (chapter 1). These simulations highlight the presence of two types of bands d$_{xy}$ and d$_{xz/yz}$ with very different transport properties. We investigate first the effect of microscopic disorder introduced by Cr doping, on superconductivity and spin-orbit coupling over a wide range of back-gate doping (chapter 3). We also describe the first implementation of a field-effect device where the superconductor-insulator transition could be continuously tuned with a top-gate. The presence of a strong spin-orbit coupling that could be controlled with the top-gate voltage is also demonstrated by analyzing the magneto-transport measurements. The gate dependence of the spin-splitting energy, of the order of a few meV, is found to be consistent with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Going one step further in nanofabrication, we report on the first realization of a quantum point contact in LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ using split gates (chapter 6). To go further in the understanding of the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface, we present high frequency measurements of the conductivity $\sigma$ (chapter 5). This measurement gives us access to the superfluid stiffness and to the gap energy via the BCS theory. We show that the competition between these two energy scales controls the superconducting Tc in the phase diagram

This thesis outlines the design and construction of an experimental system for confining and manipulating 171Yb+ ions in a linear trap. The experimental system is used to demonstrate two complementary techniques relating to entangling gates in trapped ions. Firstly, phase-modulated pulse sequences are used to perform motion-mediated entangling gates in a manner that enables robustness to noise, parameter flexibility and the ability to generate entanglement in large ion registers. Secondly, phase- and amplitude-modulated pulse sequences with tuneable noise sensitivity are used to perform spectrally-resolved sensing of fluctuations in the motional frequency of trapped ions. Together, these techniques form a joint framework for the measurement and suppression of error in trapped ion entangling gates.

L'électronique de puissance d'aujourd'hui est de plus en plus exigeante vis à vis des dispositifs semi-conducteurs. Es doivent être performants tant en statique qu'en dynamique: faibles pertes en conduction et en commutation, vitesses élevées, grandes capacités en surcharge... . Grâce à sa structure, associant le thyristor avec le MOS, le MCT offre une faible tension directe et une grande facilité de commande. H est l'un des nouveaux dispositifs pouvant éventuellement répondre aux exigences actuelles. Ce mémoire est composé de deux parties. Dans la première nous présentons une étude du comportement individuel du MCT dans les différents modes de commutation (commutation dure, commutations douce ZVS, ZCS) et en cas de surcharge (pouvoir de coupure et aire de sécurité). Cette étude comportementale est réalisée par deux voies distinctes et complémentaires: la voie expérimentale en utilisant le Simulateur Analogique de l'Electronique de Puissance et la voie physique interne basée sur une modélisation simplifiée et qualitative. Dans la deuxième partie nous intéressons à l'association du MCT dans la mise en série et dans la mise en parallèle. Cette étude fait le point sur l'ensemble des problèmes et présente les solutions envisageables pour la réalisation des commutateurs haute tension et forts courants avec le MCT.

Un des plus importants objectifs de la microfluidique est le développement des laboratoires sur puce dont le but est de réaliser des microcanaux capables de contenir et d'automatiser des analyses biologiques et chimiques. Dans cette technologie, les gouttes constituent des microréacteurs mobiles, pouvant encapsuler les réactifs d'une analyse. Le succès des laboratoires sur puce bas'es sur les gouttes dépend du développement de techniques pour les manipuler. L'objectif de cette thèse est le développement d'une technique de manipulation de microgouttes avec un faisceau laser. En particulier, on utilise le chauffage produit par le laser pour modifier les écoulements en altérant localement les propriétés physiques des fluides. Dans le cas d'une goutte isolée, le chauffage induit un gradient de tension interfaciale, ce qui crée des écoulements thermocapillaires à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la goutte. Ces écoulements sont `a l'origine d'une force qui repousse la goutte du laser. Dans une première partie, cette thèse montre les mécanismes physiques derrière la création de cette force et l'utilise pour implémenter le tri ou la rétention des gouttes dans un écoulement externe. Dans une deuxième partie, les écoulements thermocapillaires sont modulés temporellement pour induire le mélange du contenu d'une goutte qui est tenue par le forçage laser. Le chauffage laser est finalement utilisé pour déclencher la déstabilisation d'un jet liquide dans une géométrie de ``co-flow''. Dans cette géométrie, un liquide est injecté à l'intérieur d'un liquide externe qui coule parallèlement. Le liquide interne forme un filet qui se case en gouttes de taille variée. Le laser, dont la puissance est modulée de manière sinusoïdale, est utilisé pour modifier la viscosité du liquide interne, ce qui induit une déstabilisation locale de l'écoulement. Ceci permet de contrôler la fréquence de formation des gouttes et en conséquence leur taille en fonction de la fréquence du laser.

Les performances d'un filtre optique interférentiel sont directement liées à la qualité du contrôle optique implanté sur la machine de dépôt. Actuellement, les contrôles spectrophotométriques large bande se développent de plus en plus du fait de l'amélioration des détecteurs matriciels. Le système optique développé durant ce travail de thèse présente la particularité de mesurer simultanément les profils spectraux en transmission et en réflexion de l'échantillon traité en rotation au cours du dépôt, ceci sur une plage spectrale située entre 400 et 1000 nm. Un tel système couplé à un logiciel d'optimisation permet de compenser les éventuelles erreurs de dépôt en modifiant après la réalisation de chaque couche les épaisseurs de celles restant à déposer. Il permet également une caractérisation in situ des indices et épaisseurs de matériaux diélectriques ou absorbants.

OCRA Tabletop MRI è un setup di risonanza magnetica da tavolo usato a scopo didattico e di ricerca. Il sistema è composto da un magnete permanente da 0.28 T, 4 bobine di gradiente e una bobina a RF usata sia per trasmettere che per ricevere i segnali. I segnali sono elaborati da una scheda di acquisizione che comunica in rete i risultati delle scansioni. Il setup è abbastanza economico e versatile in quanto permette di personalizzare le sequenze di acquisizione e di modificarle in tempo reale. In questo contesto si è inserito il lavoro descritto in questo elaborato: una interfaccia grafica (GUI) che permettesse di visualizzare il volume acquisito nelle tre viste sagittale, coronale e assiale e di valutarne la qualità. Dalla vista assiale la GUI consente quindi di selezionare delle ROIs (Regions of Interest), regioni di un determinato tipo, forma e dimensione, importanti per valutare la qualità dell’immagine tramite la stima del rapporto segnale rumore (SNR). Gli elementi acquisiti sono phantom alti 30mm con un foro a forma di stella. Da 3 volumi scansionati con una sequenza "spin echo" sono stati eseguiti 2 protocolli di acquisizione per individuare gruppi di ROIs su 2 slice differenti. Queste slice sono state scelte per delle caratteristiche differenti: una rappresenta la zona del volume con maggior segnale, l'altra invece individua una zona con maggiore omogeneità nelle aree che rappresenta. Dai dati risulta che il protocollo non standard è troppo volume-dipendente, quindi poco affidabile per misure su differenti volumi. E' stato fatto anche un breve studio sulla omogeneità delle regioni.

L'objectif de ce travail est d'apporter une contribution a la modelisation des radicaux nitroxyle et des n-alcoxyamines. Dans une premiere partie, la mecanique moleculaire (genmol) est utilisee pour l'etude quantitative de la pseudorotation contrainte dans les cycles n-oxy pyrrolidiniques. En particulier, nous nous sommes interesses aux adduits de spin resultant du piegeage de radicaux oxygenes par la dmpo et la depmpo. Les conformations privilegiees et, par consequent, les constantes de couplage rpe de ces adduits s'expliquent par la presence d'un effet anomere. De plus, les spectres rpe des adduits de radicaux peroxyle montrent un phenomene de largeur de raie alternee, attribue a un echange conformationnel. Les fonctions nitroxyle et peroxyle ont ete parametrisees dans le champ de force de genmol. La seconde partie de ce travail est consacree a l'etude par mecanique quantique de la polymerisation radicalaire controlee par les nitroxydes. Pour cela, nous avons montre que la methode pm3 offre une bonne estimation quantitative des energies de dissociation homolytique des n-alcoxyamines. D'autre part, nous avons mis en evidence les facteurs agissant sur la force de la liaison polymere-nitroxyde.

L'interférence est un facteur de limitation de performance individuelle et globale dans les réseaux de communication sans fil. Dans ce travail, deux techniques classiques de gestion de l'interférence sont étudiées : le contrôle de puissance d'émission et l'égalisation du canal. Trois approches sont considérées pour Le contrôle de puissance décentralisé et opportuniste. La première est basée sur la théorie des jeux non-coopératifs statiques et les théories de fonctions itératives, d'où résulte la proposition d'une classe d'algorithmes. Dans la deuxième approche, nous proposons quelques algorithmes dérivés de formulations et de solutions traditionnelles de la commande H2 et de la commande mixte H2/H-infini. Finalement, nous appliquons la théorie des jeux dynamiques sur le problème, ce qui produit deux nouveaux algorithmes de contrôle de puissance. La deuxième partie de la thèse, où le problème d'intérêt est l'égalisation du canal, est divisée en deux thèmes. Dans le premier, nous développons une analyse de "pire cas" pour le retard d'égalisation par des concepts de la théorie des jeux non-coopératifs. Dans le deuxième thème, nous présentons deux approches pour la conjugaison des caractéristiques désirables des égaliseurs H2 et H-infini : une combinaison convexe des deux filtres et un schéma d'adaptation du niveau de robustesse du filtre H-infini.

The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration provides tests and evaluations of military Aircrafts and their systems as well as provide services in connection with military exercises. Testing aircraft against a radar antenna and training crews with this radar is part of that offering. The radar is deployed in a container rig and controlled by a computer running Windows 2000. The current option to control this computer is a mouse and keyboard. In this thesis, a system will be designed that is able to improve the ease of use of this rig while minimizing any need to modify the radar rig’s already established hardware and software. The resulting system designed used a commercially available joystick and off the shelf single board micro-controllers in combination with a graphical user interface to supply the radar rig with a converted input from the joystick in the form of mouse and keyboard commands, simplifying the end-user experience.<br>Försvarets materielverk tillhandahåller test och evaluering av militära flygsystem. De tillhandahåller även tjänster rörande militära övningar såsom belysning av flygplan med en radar för att öva piloter. Denna radar är monterad i en container och kontrolleras av en styrdator som kör operativsystemet Windows 2000. Denna dator styrs med hjälp av en mus och tangentbord. I denna rapport kommer ett system designas som kan förbättra användarupplevelsen av denna dator samtidigt som förändringar av hårdvara eller mjukvara i styrdatorn undviks. Resultatet av rapporten var ett system bestående av en kommersiellt tillgänglig joystick och två microkontrollers i kombination med ett grafiskt användargränssnitt som omvandlar knapptryck och styrutslag från joysticken till mus och tangentbords kommandon i styrdatorn.

L'ecoulement de Hiemenz balaye lateralement est un modele fidele de l'ecoulement sur le bord d'attaque d'une aile en fleche. Pour des angles de fleche importants l'ecoulement de Hiemenz balaye lateralement est instable pour des perturbations de Gortler-Hammerlin (GH), qui sont de nature essentiellement bi-dimensionnelle. Obrist et Schmid (2003) ont montre que, meme a des angles de fleche moderes auxquels l'ecoulement est lineairement stable, des perturbations GH peuvent etre amplifiees considerablement sur un intervalle de temps court. Le but de cette these est de quantifier les phenomenes de croissance transitoire dans l'ecoulement de Hiemenz balaye et d'etudier les mecanismes physiques sous-jacents. Le modele de perturbations GH est utilise pour la mise au point et la validation d'un algorithme d'optimisation de type gradient. Des amplifications temporelles de trois ordres de grandeur ont ete observees pour des perturbations GH, dont l'origine physique est un analogue du mecanisme bidimensionnel d'Orr, connu pour les ecoulements cisailles bidimensionnels. L'amplification optimale de perturbations temporelles a ete observee pour des tourbillons contra-rotatifs paralleles a la ligne d'arret, qui ne sat-isfont pas l'hypothese de Gortler-Hammerlin; le mecanisme d'amplification est alors semblable au mecanisme classique de 'lift-up'. La croissance transitoire spatiale le long du bord d'attaque a aussi fait l'objet d'une etude. Il a ete montre que les perturbations spatiales optimales, leur taux d'amplification et le mecanisme physique responsable sont etroitement lies aux phenomenes de croissance transitoire induits par le mecanisme de lift-up dans une couche limite bidimensionnelle de Blasius.

Le spin électronique dans les semi-conducteurs fait actuellement l'objet de nombreuses investigations. Il pourrait en effet constituer, en tant que système quantique à 2 niveaux, l'élément de base d'un futur ordinateur quantique: un quantum-bit. Une des limites physiques d'un tel ordinateur provient en premier lieu de la décohérence de la superposition des états up et down de ce quantum-bit. La problématique est donc d'obtenir un système dans lequel ce temps de cohérence soit suffisamment long pour permettre de futures manipulations quantiques. Dans ce contexte, les boîtes quantiques semi-conductrices chargées avec un seul électron se présentent comme des candidats prometteurs. Ces systèmes, de part leur dimensions nanométriques, ont en effet la propriété de posséder une structure électronique discrétisée, ce qui supprime les principaux mécanismes responsables de la relaxation du spin. Ce travail de thèse tend donc à déterminer le temps de relaxation du spin dans une boîte.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edison_Roseno.pdf: 1302523 bytes, checksum: 3c2d7aac5ffdf47d7543adf1db7fb874 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30<br>Accounting in Brazil has undergone profound changes with the recent adaptation to international standards and because of the constant process of computerization of accounting and tax imposed by tax legislation, arises in this context called the \"SPED\", Public Digital Bookkeeping System, created by the Federal Government in 2007, to replace manual bookkeeping paper to digital. Once put into operation the system, companies subject to the delivery of these bonds will provide information via digital files to government oversight (City, State and Federal). With the implementation of these projects, companies will experience significant impacts in their practices Internal Control and Risk Management. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to: \"Check in the perception of the interviewees, to what extent were affected practices Internal Controls and Risk Management of three companies participating in the Pilot Project of the Internal Revenue Service in the implementation of SPED Accounting.\" To achieve this qualitative study was undertaken of documentary and bibliographic character. Data were obtained from the three professional companies that participated in the pilot project, collected using an interview script, with analysis of the results assessed by the technique of content analysis. It was found that the main impacts on the deployment layout Accounting SPED were the adaptation of integrated systems and the transition of the Chart of Accounts of the Company with the Chart of Accounts Reference imposed by the government due to the large volume of information generated in the systems. The survey found that companies practiced a policy of internal controls, in order to monitor and control departmental procedures and measured the risks incurred in the implementation of Accounting SPED. As for risk management, it was found that at the time of project implementation SPED Accounting, had not adopted policies to measure and mitigate the flow of information in the consolidated accounting and tax accounting<br>A Contabilidade brasileira tem passado por profundas altera????es com a recente adequa????o ??s normas internacionais e devido ao constante processo de informatiza????o dos processos cont??beis e fiscais impostos pela legisla????o tribut??ria. Surge neste contexto o chamado \"SPED\", Sistema P??blico de Escritura????o Digital, criado pelo Governo Federal em 2007, para substituir a escritura????o manual em papel para a digital. Uma vez implatado o sistema, as Empresas sujeitas ?? entrega dessas obriga????es fornecer??o informa????es por meio de arquivos digitais aos ??rg??os governamentais de fiscaliza????o (Municipal, Estadual e Federal). Com a implanta????o desses projetos, as empresas sofrer??o significativos impactos em suas pr??ticas de Controle Interno e Gest??o de Riscos. Diante desse cen??rio, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo: \"Verificar na percep????o dos sujeitos entrevistados, em que medida foram afetadas as pr??ticas de Controles Internos e Gest??o de Riscos de tr??s empresas participantes do Projeto Piloto da Receita Federal na implanta????o do SPED Cont??bil\". Para atingir este objetivo foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, de carater documental e bibliogr??fico. Os dados foram obtidos junto a profissionais das tr??s empresas que participaram do projeto piloto, coletados por meio de um roteiro de entrevista, com an??lises dos resultados avaliados pela t??cnica de an??lise de conte??do. Constatou-se que os principais impactos na implanta????o ao layout do SPED Cont??bil foram a adapta????o dos sistemas integrados e a transi????o do Plano de Contas da Empresa com o Plano de Contas Referencial imposto pelo Governo, devido ao grande volume de informa????es geradas nos sistemas. A pesquisa constatou que as empresas praticavam a politica de controles internos, com objetivo de fiscalizar e controlar os procedimentos internos dos departamentos e que mensuravam os riscos ocorridos na implanta????o do SPED Cont??bil. Quanto ?? gest??o de riscos, constatou-se que na ??poca da implanta????o do projeto SPED Cont??bil, n??o havia pol??ticas adotadas para mensurar e mitigar os riscos dos fluxos das informa????es cont??beis e fiscais consolidadas na Contabilidade

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-22T15:35:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 evertonluizmartinsdapaixao.pdf: 15592539 bytes, checksum: 3e2c3d43b62b9fa0edea517213c63a12 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-03T16:33:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 evertonluizmartinsdapaixao.pdf: 15592539 bytes, checksum: 3e2c3d43b62b9fa0edea517213c63a12 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T16:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 evertonluizmartinsdapaixao.pdf: 15592539 bytes, checksum: 3e2c3d43b62b9fa0edea517213c63a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Entender e controlar o movimento de parede de domínio em nanofios é extremamente im-portante para o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para a aplicação em dispositivos de ar-mazenamento de dados. É conhecido que defeitos como entalhes ("notches") em nanofios são úteis para fixar paredes de domínio. No entanto, a intensidade de potencial de aprisionamento gerado com esse tipo de defeito é muito forte, e para desprender a parede de domínio é ne-cessário aplicar uma densidade de corrente muito elevada. Entretanto, pode-se criar armadilhas para paredes de domínios variando localmente propriedades magnéticas do nanofio, tais como: tais como constante de troca, magnetização de saturação, constante de anisotropia, parâmetro de amortecimento de Gilbert. Definimos essas regiões como impurezas magnéticas por ter propriedades magnéticas diferentes do nanofio. Neste trabalho, realizamos simulações micro-magnéticas para investigar a dinâmica de uma parede de domínio transversal (PDT) aprisionada em um defeito magnético usando pulsos de corrente elétrica polarizada em spin. Afim de criar armadilhas de aprisionamento para a PDT, consideramos um modelo de impureza magnética variando localmente a constante de troca. Ao ajustar o potencial de interação entre impure-zas magnéticas e uma PDT, verificamos que pulsos de corrente de baixa intensidade e de curta duração são capazes de desprender a PDT. Por fim, demonstramos que é possível controlar a posição de uma PDT aplicando pulsos de corrente sequenciais em uma nanofita contendo uma distribuição linear de impurezas magnéticas igualmente espaçadas.<br>Understand and control the domain wall movement in nanowires is extremely important for the development of new technologies for an application in data storage devices. It is known that defect as notches in nanowires are useful to pinning domain walls. Nevertheless, the pinning potential intensity generated by this type of defect is strong, and for depinning the domain wall it is necessary to apply a high current density. However, it is possible to create traps for domains walls by locally varying magnetic properties of the nanowire, such as: the exchange constant, saturation magnetization, anisotropy constant, Gilbert damping parameters. We define those regions as magnetic impurities once their magnetic properties differ from the nanowire proper-ties. In this study, we realized micromagnetic simulations in order to investigate the dynamics of a transverse domain wall (TDW) trapped in a magnetic defect using electric current pulses of spin-polarized. In order to create traps to TDW pinning, we have modeled the magnetic impurities by varying the exchange constant locally. When we adjusted the interaction poten-tial between the magnetic impurities and the nanowire we showed that low intensity and short duration current pulses are capable of depinning the TDW. At last, we demonstrated that it is possible to control the TDW position applying sequential current pulses in a nanowire planar containing a linear distribution of magnetic impurities equally distributed.

L'étude des régulateurs utilise à ce jour des modèles de zone à un seul nœud d'air. Un nouveau modèle de zone, distinguant les différentes positions possibles du capteur est développé dans cette thèse. A partir d'une étude expérimentale en chambre climatique et de simulations sur code CFD, on établit la liste des phénomènes thermiques et aérauliques, à prendre en compte lors du développement du modèle pour différents systèmes de chauffage et de climatisation. L'approche zonale, divisant l'air d'une pièce en plusieurs sous-volumes, est choisie car elle est bien adaptée pour tenir compte des phénomènes convectifs caractérisant les différents systèmes de chauffage et de climatisation. Le modèle de zone est divisé en deux parties: un modèle zonal représentant l'ambiance occupée et un modèle supplémentaire relatif aux emplacements du capteur. Ainsi on peut évaluer les conditions de confort dans la zone d'occupation et l'impact des différentes positions du capteur. Le modèle est validé pour une cellule test équipée de différents systèmes de chauffage et de climatisation. Une analyse de sensibilité est ensuite menée afin de tester la sensibilité aux paramètres principaux du modèle. La qualité de la régulation et la consommation d'énergie sont ensuite comparées pour différentes positions du capteur dans une pièce équipée de différents émetteurs et systèmes de climatisation. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus par un modèle à un nœud d'air. La principale conclusion de cette thèse est que l'influence de la position du capteur est fortement fonction du système de chauffage et de climatisation et du type de régulateur. Les différences, en général négligeables en terme de confort de l'occupant, peuvent devenir importantes au niveau de la consommation d'énergie. De ce fait, on peut définir pour quels systèmes de climatisation le modèle à un nœud d'air doit être remplacé par le modèle développé.

Dans le cadre de la présente thèse, a été étudié l'impact de la texturation par traitement thermo-mécanique DIC (Détente Instantanée Contrôlée) sur le séchage de divers produits alimentaires. Ce prétraitement a induit une amélioration de la cinétique de l'opération de séchage quand elle est limitée par le transfert interne de la matière couplé au rétrécissement du produit. Ainsi, la diminution du temps de séchage a atteint 67% dans le cas de l'oignon et 77% dans le cas du cassis. Quant à la diffusivité effective Deff, elle a augmenté par rapport à la matière première jusqu'à 246% pour les pépins et 795% pour les déchets de canneberge, 336% pour l'oignon et 1223% pour le cassis. Dans le cas des produits étudiés, la pression de vapeur de traitement DIC a généralement un effet significatif positif sur la cinétique de séchage et d'extraction des différentes molécules. Concernant les caractérisatiques des produits, nous constatons l'impact positif du traitement par DIC quant aux principales caractéristiques de la matière. Ainsi, les composés phénoliques apparaissent plus disponibles à la suite du traitement adéquat par DIC. Le contenu en composés phénoliques et la capacité antioxydante étant supérieurs dans les produits traités par DIC, la qualité nutritionnelle s'est ainsi également trouvée améliorée. Avec une dégradation thermique négligeable, le traitement DIC implique un effet mécanique dû à la détente instantanée, ce qui permet la rupture de certaines structures cellulaires de la matière et l'augmentation de la quantité maximale extractible. Les caractéristiques physiques diverses (masse volumique apparente et taux relatif d'expansion), les caractéristiques microstructurelles (mesurées par microscopie électronique à balayage) et fonctionnelles d'interaction avec l'eau (réhydratation, teneur en eau, isotherme de sorption, microbiologie et contenu nutritionnel...) peuvent être optimisées en fonction des conditions opératoires DIC, selon les besoins du consommateur.

碩士<br>國立聯合大學<br>機械工程學系碩士班<br>103<br>The thesis investigates quantum transport properties in the gate-controlled spin device (GCSD).This GCSD system utilize high mobility two-dimensional electron gas to transport and its width can be controlled by a pair of spilt-gate. We consider the influence of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions and an applied longitudinal magnetic field induced Zeeman effect. Moreover, we compare of the single gate-controlled and the double gate-controlled quantum transport properties. We perform numerical simulation to demonstrate the peak structures of conductance corresponding to resonant state (RS), electron-like quasi-bound state (EQBS), or hole-like bound state (HBS) in the strong spin-coupling effects. Our research pave the way to provide a fundamental theory for the design of prototype spin devices to deal with quantum message or storage.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工學院碩士在職專班精密與自動化工程組<br>95<br>The objective of this study is to develop a communication module (SECS Box) which contains SECS (SEMI Equipment Communications Standard) functionality for the spin-coat process. The SECS Box is realized by Embedded Linux Controller hardware and it can extend communication interface of the spin-coat process using the SECS technology of semiconductor industries nowadays.The SECS Box performs the handshake of message which complies with HSMS E37 (High-Speed SECS Message Service) format by TCP/IP and Socket format.The contents of message follow the SECS-II E5 format.This thesis introduces CD/DVD spin-coat process equipments,CIM(Computer Integrated Manufacturing) system,communication interface and capabilities of SECS Box.Finally,a complete spin-coat system which link SECS Box to spin-coat equipment is tested and verified the capabilities and performance.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Thermal constraints and the quantum limit will soon put a boundary on the scale of new micro and nano magnetoelectronic devices. This necessitates a push into the limits of harnessable natural phenomena to facilitate a post-Moore’s era of design. Requirements for thermodynamic stability at room temperature, fast (Ghz) switching, and low energy cost narrow the list of candidates. Here we show voltage controllable, room temperature, stable locking of the spin state, and the corresponding conductivity change, when molecular spin crossover thin films are deposited on a ferroelectric substrate. This opens the door to the creation of a non-volatile, room temperature, molecular multiferroic gated voltage controlled device.

碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>99<br>This thesis extends a transaction-splicing technique for slave-to-slave transfers on the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus. Transaction-splicing technique can completely overlap in the bulk transfer, thereby nearly doubling the performance of standard SPI bus transaction. Although direct memory access (DMA) controllers cannot perform slave-to-slave transfers without going through the memory, it can decrease the MCU overhead of SPI bus transactions. The combination of splicing transactions and involving DMA is more than quintuples the performance of standard SPI bus transaction. It also decreases energy consumption and does not need any memory to cache data. We describe a real implementation with minimal hardware and software overhead while retaining full compatibility with existing SPI devices. It is implemented with a dedicated CPLD, and it can be integrated into a chip such as a microcontroller with few minimal additional cost of only a few logic cells. We present real-world case studies including a 12-lead ECG system, which is sorely in need of enhanced SPI when implemented using low-end MCUs, which would otherwise have plenty of performance without the SPI bottleneck. By using low-end MCUs, it can enable power and cost savings, and the performance of SPI bus transactions with our work is higher than that of high-end MCUs. The evaluation can present about 450% improvement in latency and throughput. By eliminating this bottleneck in virtually all SPI-based designs, we are able to save power while meeting both latency and throughput requirements.

Thermal constraints and the quantum limit will soon put a boundary on the scale of new micro and nano magnetoelectronic devices. This necessitates a push into the limits of harnessable natural phenomena to facilitate a post-Moore’s era of design. Requirements for thermodynamic stability at room temperature, fast (Ghz) switching, and low energy cost narrow the list of candidates. Molecular electronic frontier orbital structure of some d-block transition metal ions in crystal fields will deform in response to their local energetic environment, giving rise to the eg and t2g suborbitals. More specifically, in an mononuclear Fe(II) complex, the energetic scale between these two orbitals yields an S=0 low spin diamagnetic state and an S=2 high spin paramagnetic state. Spin crossover complex [Fe{H2B (pz) 2 }2 (bipy)] will show locking of its spin state well above the transition temperature, with an accompanied change of conductivity, when placed in a polar environment. Here we show voltage controllable, room temperature, stable locking of the spin state, and the corresponding conductivity change, when molecular thin films of [Fe{H2B (pz) 2 }2 (bipy)] are deposited on a ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluropropylene substrate. This opens the door to the creation of a thermodynamically stable, room temperature, molecular multiferroic gated voltage device.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Thermal constraints and the quantum limit will soon put a boundary on the scale of new micro and nano magnetoelectronic devices. This necessitates a push into the limits of harnessable natural phenomena to facilitate a post-Moore’s era of design. Requirements for thermodynamic stability at room temperature, fast (Ghz) switching, and low energy cost narrow the list of candidates. Here we show voltage controllable, room temperature, stable locking of the spin state, and the corresponding conductivity change, when molecular spin crossover thin films are deposited on a ferroelectric substrate. This opens the door to the creation of a non-volatile, room temperature, molecular multiferroic gated voltage controlled device.

碩士<br>國立聯合大學<br>機械工程學系碩士班<br>105<br>A propagation matrix method is proposed to investigate spin-resolved electronic transport in single finger-gate (SFG) and double finger-gate (DFG) controlled split-gate quantum devices. We show how the interplay of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit (SO) interactions as well as a Zeeman (Z) field influences the quantum transport characteristics. Without the Dresselhaus effect, the conductance reveals a mirror effect between the hole-like and the electron-like quasi-bound states in the SO-Z gap energy regime in the SFG system instead of the DFG system. With the Dresselhaus effect, we are able to analytically identify the binding energy of the SFG and DFG bound states. Furthermore, the DFG resonant states can be determined by tuning the distance of the finger gates.

L'objectif de cette thèse est le dimensionnement, l'optimisation et la commande de l'interfaçage électrique pour groupes électrogènes à base de pile à combustible (PAC) pour des applications transport et stationnaire. Cette thèse a d'abord sélectionné la structure la mieux adaptée pour des PAC de 100 kW en se focalisant sur les applications les plus prometteuses. Cette structure a été optimisée par un procédé combinant les algorithmes génétiques et une méthode déterministe. Les différents niveaux de contrôle de l'interface de puissance ont été ensuite conçus et analysés. Concernant le niveau intermédiaire, divers correcteurs ont été proposés pour chaque convertisseur. Ils sont testés et validés en simulation. Les correcteurs concernant l'onduleur de tension sont validés expérimentalement. Finalement, la thèse propose trois stratégies globales de gestion des flux énergétiques. Elles sont validées et comparées en simulation grâce à des données réelles issues d'applications choisies.

The realization of a quantum computer, after being considered only a wishful thinking for many years, looks now more solid, with the major issues about its realization looking like “engineering problems”, whose solution is not far to be found. The most considerable open problems concerning the realization of a quantum computer concern: the sensitivity to external disturbances, the addressability of any single qubit, and the scalability of the proposed architectures. These problems may have opposite solutions, since a good scalability would require high density of qubits embedded in solid state matrices, making it more difficult to address and protect each of them. Conversely, well separated qubits realized by atoms or ions are easily addressed and protected, but make it more difficult to achieve scalability. Another aspect related to the realization of generic quantum devices (i.e. devices which exploit the quantum features of their constituents to realize some operations) is connected to the way one interfaces with them: we live in a “classical world”, and any quantum device will have to interface with it at some stage, e.g. to be controlled or measured. The problem, in this case, is keeping our classical disturbances as far as possible from the action taking place at the heart of the quantum device. However, the problem of being able to find the proper “interface” can be turned into an advantage, since macroscopic systems may posses robustness features which can be exploited for the realization of novel quantum devices where the sensitivity problem is much alleviated. A good interface can be thus provided by semi-classical systems, i.e. objects whose nature is intimately quantum, but whose features and behaviour is well framed within a classical description. Any scheme, application or device, where a semi-classical system interacts with some pure quantum object (e.g. a qubit) for realizing a quantum operation, will be referred to as hybrid. In this thesis, we have developed the idea of exploiting the robustness features of some non-linear classical systems in order to realize quantum devices where the sensitivity problem is alleviated. Hence, we have proposed a hybrid scheme for accomplishing the most basic actions related with the realization of a magnetic- based quantum device, i.e. the control of a qubit state and entanglement generation. In particular, we have developed it focusing on magnetic one-dimensional systems, i.e. spin chains, as channels connecting one or more qubits to some external control apparatus. This choice follows from the observation that classical spin chains are non-linear systems which enumerate solitons among their dynamical configurations which are solutions of their equations of motion. In fact, solitons are those particular solutions of non-linear systems which show space-time localization and shape- invariant evolution and are celebrated for their impressive properties of robustness against scattering and external disturbances. These properties make them suitable candidates for practical purposes. We have considered systems made by one-dimensional discrete lattices hosting, at each lattice site, one classical spin (classical spin chain) or a large-S spin, i.e. a quantum spin characterized by a S-value large enough for the spin to be well described by a semi-classical behaviour (large-S spin chain). A classical, or a large-S, spin chain (with its solitons) can play the role of the robust partner while the role of the fragile quantum system is played by the qubit, which is the agent of the relevant quantum operations in our hybrid quantum device.We have first introduced a method for generating solitons on discrete, classical Heisenberg chains by applying a time-dependent magnetic field to one of the chain extremities. The method has been numerically checked, revealing the actual possibility of producing soliton-like dynamical configurations running on the spin chain, which resemble the known analytical solitons of the continuous chain if their typical width is large with respect to the chain spacing. The robustness of the generated solitons has been also tested with respect to thermal noise present in the system. We have then proposed a set-up where the generated soliton acts as a magnetic signal that travels along the chain and eventually reaches a qubit and changes its quantum state. Since any unitary action on a single qubit can be represented in terms of a Zeeman interaction lasting for a precise time interval, qubit state control is usually assumed to be obtained by applying suitable sequences of external magnetic fields. Indeed, for this particular application, the spin chain needs not to be quantum and the suitable magnetic field is provided by the moving deformation of the uniform chain represented by the magnetic soliton travelling along the chain. Numerical results confirm that solitons are suitable for this task, giving the possibility to remotely control the qubit state by an appropriate choice of soliton shape and qubit-chain coupling. We have finally addressed the problem of generating entanglement between distant qubits by introducing a model where two qubits, distant and non-interacting, are locally coupled with a large-S Heisenberg chain, whose dynamics is assumed to be characterized by the presence of solitons. The aim of this study was to verify if, by properly choosing the state of the spin chain, the evolution of such a robust semi-classical system can bring the two qubits from a separable initial state to a non-separable state after a certain amount of time, i.e., if a semi-classical channel could generate entanglement between the two qubits. At variance with the previous application, the spin chain must here be considered, and consequently treated, as a quantum system in order to allow for entanglement generation/transfer, but a suitable approximation is needed to solve the chain dynamics, as accounting for the exact evolution of large-S spin chain is out of reach, even numerically. This leads us to introduce a particular set of chain states built as product of single-spin coherent states which are in one-to-one correspondence with the configurations of the classical spin chain and are thus referred to as the semi-classical states of the chain. Being able to solve the evolution of the coherent state products, allow us to complete the hybrid scheme for entanglement generation: in fact, it is shown that, choosing the chain initial state as a semi-classical state corresponding to a soliton configuration, the correlations, generated between one qubit and the corresponding spin-S, are efficiently transferred along the chain up to the other qubit, finally leaving the two qubits in an entangled state. The results about the proposed hybrid schemes, showing their effectiveness for remotely controlling qubit states and generating entanglement between distant qubits, encourage further studies opening also new perspectives for the realization of novel quantum devices based on the exploitation of the robustness features of semi-classical systems.