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Journal articles on the topic 'Spider exoskeleton'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Foll, Didier Le, Evelyne Brichet, Jean Louis Reyss, Claude Lalou, and Daniel Latrouite. "Age Determination of the Spider Crab Maja squinado and the European Lobster Homarus gammarus by 228Th/228Ra Chronology: Possible Extension to Other Crustaceans." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 4 (1989): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-091.

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A method of age determination was developed on carapaces of the spider crab, Maja squinado Herbst and European lobster Homarus gammarus L., by measuring the natural radionuclides activity ratio, 228Th/228Ra in the exoskeleton. This method allows the determination of the time elapsed since the preceding molt of the animal. It was successfully tested on five spider crabs and four lobsters which had molted in captivity and therefore had a carapace of known age. It is probable that the method could, with some reservations, be extended to all marine Decapod Crustacea bearing a well calcified exoske

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2

Kariko, Sarah, Jaakko V. I. Timonen, James C. Weaver, et al. "Structural origins of coloration in the spider Phoroncidia rubroargentea Berland, 1913 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Madagascar." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 139 (2018): 20170930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0930.

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This study investigates the structural basis for the red, silver and black coloration of the theridiid spider, Phoroncidia rubroargentea (Berland, 1913) from Madagascar. Specimens of this species can retain their colour after storage in ethanol for decades, whereas most other brightly pigmented spider specimens fade under identical preservation conditions. Using correlative optical, structural and chemical analysis, we identify the colour-generating structural elements and characterize their optical properties. The prominent silvery appearance of the spider's abdomen results from regularly arr

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3

Schaber, Clemens F., Stanislav N. Gorb, and Friedrich G. Barth. "Force transformation in spider strain sensors: white light interferometry." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 71 (2011): 1254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0565.

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Scanning white light interferometry and micro-force measurements were applied to analyse stimulus transformation in strain sensors in the spider exoskeleton. Two compound or ‘lyriform’ organs consisting of arrays of closely neighbouring, roughly parallel sensory slits of different lengths were examined. Forces applied to the exoskeleton entail strains in the cuticle, which compress and thereby stimulate the individual slits of the lyriform organs. (i) For the proprioreceptive lyriform organ HS-8 close to the distal joint of the tibia, the compression of the slits at the sensory threshold was a

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4

Gibbons, Alastair T., Alexander Idnurm, Michael Seiter, et al. "Amblypygid-fungal interactions: The whip spider exoskeleton as a substrate for fungal growth." Fungal Biology 123, no. 7 (2019): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.003.

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5

Panek, Izabela, Shannon Meisner, and Päivi H. Torkkeli. "Distribution and Function of GABAB Receptors in Spider Peripheral Mechanosensilla." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00321.2003.

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The mechanosensilla in spider exoskeleton are innervated by bipolar neurons with their cell bodies close to the cuticle and dendrites attached to it. Numerous efferent fibers synapse with peripheral parts of the mechanosensory neurons, with glial cells surrounding the neurons, and with each other. Most of these efferent fibers are immunoreactive to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the sensory neurons respond to agonists of ionotropic GABA receptors with a rapid and complete inhibition. In contrast, little is known about metabotropic GABAB receptors that may mediate long-term effects. We investi

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6

Woods, Chris M. C., and Mike J. Page. "Sponge masking and related preferences in the spider crab Thacanophrys filholi (Brachyura : Majidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 2 (1999): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98111.

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Spider crabs, Thacanophrys filholi, collected from Kaikoura, New Zealand, were predominantly masked with four species of sponge: Lissodendoryx sp., Iophon laevistylis, Paresperella sp. and Dysidea sp. Other species of sponge, as well as ascidians, brachiopods, anomiid bivalves and tube-dwelling polychaetes, were also part of the extensive epifauna covering the crabs. The act of masking is described, and the location of the hooked setae that allow attachment of material to the crabs exoskeleton is mapped. When crabs in the laboratory were simultaneously offered equal volumes of the four main sp

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7

Templin, Julita, and Teresa Napiórkowska. "BIOMETRIC STUDIES ON OLIGOMELIC INDIVIDUALS OF THE SPIDER TEGENARIA ATRICA (ARTHROPODA, ARACHNIDA) / BADANIA BIOMETRYCZNE OSOBNIKÓW OLIGOMELICZNYCH PAJĄKA TEGENARIA ATRICA (ARTHROPODA, ARACHNIDA)." Zoologica Poloniae 58, no. 1-2 (2013): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zoop-2013-0002.

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Abstract Oligomely is a type of developmental anomaly occurring in embryos of the spider Tegenaria atrica C.L. Koch under the teratogenic influence of temperature. This anomaly is of metameric origin, as it results from a disorder of metamere formation on the germ band during embryogenesis, resulting in the absence of one half or the whole metamere. In such a case, one or more appendages are missing on one or both sides of the body in a spider leaving a chorion. This anomaly induces changes both in the anatomical structure and exoskeleton of a spider (deformation of carapace and sternum). Cara

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8

HOMOLA, ELLEN, AMIR SAGI, and HANS LAUFER. "Relationship of claw form and exoskeleton condition to reproductive system size and methyl farnesoate in the male spider crab,Libinia emarginata." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 20, no. 3 (1991): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1991.9672202.

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9

Blickhan, Reinhard, and Friedrich G. Barth. "Strains in the exoskeleton of spiders." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 157, no. 1 (1985): 115–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00611101.

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10

Blickhan, Reinhard, Tom Weihmann, and Friedrich G. Barth. "Measuring strain in the exoskeleton of spiders—virtues and caveats." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 207, no. 2 (2021): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-020-01458-y.

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AbstractThe measurement of cuticular strain during locomotion using foil strain gauges provides information both on the loads of the exoskeleton bears and the adaptive value of the specific location of natural strain detectors (slit sense organs). Here, we critically review available literature. In tethered animals, by applying loads to the metatarsus tip, strain and mechanical sensitivity (S = strain/load) induced at various sites in the tibia were determined. The loci of the lyriform organs close to the tibia–metatarsus joint did not stand out by high strain. The strains induced at various s

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11

Philip, Benjamin N., and Cara Shillington. "A Novel Technique of Hair Removal to Examine the Cuticle of Arthropods." Microscopy Today 15, no. 2 (2007): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500050975.

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The highly structured arthropod cuticle is often adorned with dense hairs that conceal the underlying landscape. Thus, to examine the structures and patterns on the cuticle the overlying hairs must be removed with minimal damage to the cuticle itself. Different methods can be employed to eliminate hairs but the difficulty of this task is compounded by the small size and fragility of the exoskeleton to which the hairs are attached. If the hairs are removed using razor blades or scissors, not only is the debris from the cut hairs and the stubble from the remainder of the shaft left behind, but t

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12

Rudkin, David M., Michael B. Cuggy, Graham A. Young, and Deborah P. Thompson. "An Ordovician Pycnogonid (Sea Spider) with Serially Subdivided ‘Head’ Region." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 3 (2013): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-057.1.

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The bizarre morphology of living Pycnogonida, known colloquially as sea spiders, has long fueled dissent over their status within the arthropods. Pycnogonids figure prominently in recent analyses of anterior limb homologies and ancestral crown-group euarthropod relationships, with support for the concept of Pycnogonida as sister taxon to Euchelicerata now contested by proponents of a more basal position between Radiodonta and all other arthropods. A challenge to further elucidation of their phylogenetic position is the exceptional rarity and disjunct distribution of pycnogonids in the fossil r

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13

Politi, Yael, Luca Bertinetti, Peter Fratzl, and Friedrich G. Barth. "The spider cuticle: a remarkable material toolbox for functional diversity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2206 (2021): 20200332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0332.

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Engineered systems are typically based on a large variety of materials differing in composition and processing to provide the desired functionality. Nature, however, has evolved materials that are used for a wide range of functional challenges with minimal compositional changes. The exoskeletal cuticle of spiders, as well as of other arthropods such as insects and crustaceans, is based on a combination of chitin, protein, water and small amounts of organic cross-linkers or minerals. Spiders use it to obtain mechanical support structures and lever systems for locomotion, protection from adverse

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14

Ahl, J. S. B., H. Laufer, A. J. Ahl, and P. Takac. "Exoskeletal Abrasion as an Indicator of Reproductive Readiness in the Spider Crab Libinia emarginata." Journal of Crustacean Biology 16, no. 3 (1996): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1548733.

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15

Biaggio, M. Daniela, Iara Sandomirsky, Yael Lubin, Ally R. Harari, and Maydianne C. B. Andrade. "Copulation with immature females increases male fitness in cannibalistic widow spiders." Biology Letters 12, no. 9 (2016): 20160516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0516.

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Copulatory cannibalism of male ‘widow’ spiders (genus Latrodectus ) is a model example of the extreme effects of sexual selection, particularly in L. hasselti and L. geometricus where males typically facilitate cannibalism by females and mate only once. We show that these males can increase their reproductive success by copulating with final-instar, immature females after piercing the female's exoskeleton to access her newly developed sperm storage organs. Females retain sperm through their final moult and have similar fecundity to adult-mated females. This is an adaptive male tactic because i

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16

Ghislandi, Paolo Giovanni, Maria J. Albo, Cristina Tuni, and Trine Bilde. "Evolution of deceit by worthless donations in a nuptial gift-giving spider." Current Zoology 60, no. 1 (2014): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.1.43.

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Abstract Males of the nursery web spider Pisaura mirabilis usually offer an insect prey wrapped in white silk as a nuptial gift to facilitate copulation. Males exploit female foraging preferences in a sexual context as females feed on the gift during copulation. It is possible for males to copulate without a gift, however strong female preference for the gift leads to dramatically higher mating success for gift-giving males. Females are polyandrous, and gift-giving males achieve higher mating success, longer copulations, and increased sperm transfer that confer advantages in sperm competition.

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17

Legg, David A., Mark D. Sutton, Gregory D. Edgecombe, and Jean-Bernard Caron. "Cambrian bivalved arthropod reveals origin of arthrodization." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1748 (2012): 4699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1958.

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Extant arthropods are diverse and ubiquitous, forming a major constituent of most modern ecosystems. Evidence from early Palaeozoic Konservat Lagerstätten indicates that this has been the case since the Cambrian. Despite this, the details of arthropod origins remain obscure, although most hypotheses regard the first arthropods as benthic predators or scavengers such as the fuxianhuiids or megacheirans (‘great-appendage’ arthropods). Here, we describe a new arthropod from the Tulip Beds locality of the Burgess Shale Formation (Cambrian, series 3, stage 5) that possesses a weakly sclerotized tho

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18

LEONG, MISHA, MATTHEW A. BERTONE, KEITH M. BAYLESS, ROBERT R. DUNN, and MICHELLE D. TRAUTWEIN. "The Exoskeletons in our Closets: A synthesis of research from the ‘Arthropods of our Homes’ project in Raleigh, NC." Zoosymposia 12, no. 1 (2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.12.1.7.

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The history of people living with insects, spiders and their relatives is long, probably as long as humans have been using fixed domiciles (e.g., caves). Studies of caves inhabited by prehistoric people 26,000 years ago suggest arthropod pests already lived alongside our ancestors in those caves (Araújo et al. 2009). Arthropods are also both abundant and diverse in domestic archaeological sites from agricultural civilizations in Egypt, Israel and Europe (Switzerland and Greenland). Arthropods are especially common in association with stored food products and livestock (Panagiotakopulu 2001; Ov

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19

Kalvelage, Elisa Maria, Ralf Thomas Voegele, and Michael Fischer. "Dissemination of esca-related pathogens in German vineyards: do arthropods play roles in vectoring spores?" Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 3 (2021): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12948.

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Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) such as esca challenge viticulture. The main fungal agents of Petri disease or young esca, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), diverse Phaeoacremonium species (Pm spp.) and Cadophora luteo-olivacea (Clo), are transmitted to pruning wounds of vines by rain splashes and air currents. Arthropod-mediated dispersal is another possibility for the pathogens to reach pruning wounds. The present study was the first to evaluate possible involvement of arthropods in the dissemination process of esca-related pathogens in German vineyards. Diversity of arthropods on grapevine

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20

DONOVAN, STEPHEN K. "Contrasting patterns of preservation in a Jamaican cave." Geological Magazine 154, no. 3 (2016): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756816000182.

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AbstractRed Hills Road Cave, Jamaica is a remnant of a karstic feature quarried away during road building. It is the most important site for Late Pleistocene terrestrial palaeontology on the island. The site is c. 30 ka old. Many taxa were washed in during hurricanes and tropical storms, either as dead carcasses or live organisms that drowned as the cave filled with water. The invertebrate fauna includes snails and arthropods; none are obligate cave dwellers. The 62 species of land snails are the most diverse of any Jamaican cave; operculate taxa may be preserved with the operculum in situ. Ar

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21

Eklöf, Johan, Åsa Austin, Ulf Bergström, et al. "Size matters: relationships between body size and body mass of common coastal, aquatic invertebrates in the Baltic Sea." PeerJ 5 (January 25, 2017): e2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2906.

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Background Organism biomass is one of the most important variables in ecological studies, making biomass estimations one of the most common laboratory tasks. Biomass of small macroinvertebrates is usually estimated as dry mass or ash-free dry mass (hereafter ‘DM’ vs. ‘AFDM’) per sample; a laborious and time consuming process, that often can be speeded up using easily measured and reliable proxy variables like body size or wet (fresh) mass. Another common way of estimating AFDM (one of the most accurate but also time-consuming estimates of biologically active tissue mass) is the use of AFDM/DM

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22

Cifuentes Sarmiento, Yanira, and Luis Miguel Renjifo. "DIETA DEL CORRELIMOS DIMINUTO (CALIDRIS MINUTILLA) EN CULTIVOS DE ARROZ ORGÁNICO DE COLOMBIA." Ornitología Neotropical 27 (July 27, 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v27i0.61.

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RESUMEN ∙ El arroz es uno de los principales alimentos para el ser humano y su área cultivada global se aproxima a los diez millones de hectáreas. Muchos ecosistemas naturales, en especial humedales, han sido modificados para realizar este cultivo. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de este cereal requiere de etapas de anegamiento que permiten que varios organismos, entre estos las aves playeras, obtengan recursos alimenticios. En los cultivos orgánicos de arroz del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, se han registrado doce especies de aves playeras migratorias provenientes principalmente de Norteamérica y se

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23

Residori, Sara, Gabriele Greco, and Nicola M. Pugno. "The mechanical characterization of the legs, fangs, and prosoma in the spider Harpactira curvipes (Pocock 1897)." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16307-y.

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AbstractThe exoskeleton of spiders is the primary structure that interacts with the external mechanical stimuli, thus playing a crucial role in spider life. In particular, fangs, legs, and prosoma are the main rigid structures of the exoskeleton and their properties must be measured to better understand their mechanical behaviours. Here we investigate, by means of nanoindentation, the mechanical properties of the external sclerotized cuticles of such parts in the spider Harpactira curvipes. Interestingly, the results show that the leg’s cuticle is stiffer than the prosoma and has a stiffness s

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24

Radosavljevic, Dragoslav, Earl Ada, and Rick Hochberg. "Elemental enrichment of the exoskeleton of the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus (Arachnida: Amblypygi)." Journal of Arachnology 49, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/joa-s-20-048.

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25

Brenneis, Georg, Karina Frankowski, Laura Maaß, and Gerhard Scholtz. "The sea spider Pycnogonum litorale overturns the paradigm of the absence of axial regeneration in molting animals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, no. 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217272120.

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Regenerative abilities and their evolution in the different animal lineages have fascinated generations of biologists. While some taxa are capable of restoring entire individuals from small body fragments, others can regrow only specific structures or lack structural regeneration completely. In contrast to many other protostomes, including the segmented annelids, molting animals (Ecdysozoa) are commonly considered incapable of primary body axis regeneration, which has been hypothesized to be linked to the evolution of their protective cuticular exoskeleton. This holds also for the extraordinar

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26

Rößler, Daniela C., Kris Kim, Massimo De Agrò, Alex Jordan, C. Giovanni Galizia, and Paul S. Shamble. "Regularly occurring bouts of retinal movements suggest an REM sleep–like state in jumping spiders." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 33 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2204754119.

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Sleep and sleep-like states are present across the animal kingdom, with recent studies convincingly demonstrating sleep-like states in arthropods, nematodes, and even cnidarians. However, the existence of different sleep phases across taxa is as yet unclear. In particular, the study of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is still largely centered on terrestrial vertebrates, particularly mammals and birds. The most salient indicator of REM sleep is the movement of eyes during this phase. Movable eyes, however, have evolved only in a limited number of lineages—an adaptation notably absent in insects

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27

Machałowski, Tomasz, Chris Amemiya, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Chitin of Araneae origin: structural features and biomimetic applications: a review." Applied Physics A 126, no. 9 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03867-x.

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Abstract Large scale isolation of chitin traditionally has been carried out from fungal biomass as well as from seafood processing wastes, e.g., from shrimp, crab and lobster exoskeletons. Despite the relative abundance and ready availability of these materials, isolation of chitin requires great deal of chemical reagents and is time consuming. Obtained in this way chitin is produced in the form of powders, whiskers, and flakes. In this review, we have focused on the moulting cuticles of spiders as an alternative source of naturally occurring chitin. The comparatively high chitin content in th

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28

"EXOSKELETAL ABRASION AS AN INDICATOR OF REPRODUCTIVE READINESS IN THE SPIDER CRAB LIBINIA EMARGINATA." Journal of Crustacean Biology 16, no. 3 (1996): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/193724096x00450.

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